Assi

gnment

Subject
:ThecodeofCr
imi
nal
Procedure,
1898
Code:LLB702
Submi
tt
edTo:Sat
hiBar
ai,
Assi
stantPr
ofessor
Depar
tmentofl
aw
Ut
tar
aUni
ver
sit
y
.
Submi
tt
edBy:
Md.
Tanv
irAhmed
Bat
ch:46(A)
I
D:2191261048
Quest ions:1Whatpr ocedurecana
Magi stratetakeforpreventi
ng
dangert ohumanl if
e,safet
yorto
disturbanceofpubl ictr
anquil
it
y?
Discusswi t
hr ef
erencetothe
relevantsect i
on.

Answer
:
Itisthef undament aldutyoftheStateto
mai ntainpublicorder.Asaci vi
li
zedsociety
ev erybodyaccepti tthatpeaceand
tranquill
ityisverynecessaryforthe
dev el
opmentandt ol iveagoodand
heal t
hyl i
fe.Themai ntenanceoflawand
orderi sprimaryfunct i
onoftheMagi st
rate.
Accor dingtot heCr i
minalProcedureCode
andothersAct,
theMagist
rat
eis
responsi
blef
ormaint
aini
nglawandor
der
i
nt hesoci
ety
.

Theprovisi
onsrel
atedtoUr gentCasesof
NuisanceorApprehendedDanger
descri
bedunderSection144ofCr iminal
ProcedureCodeisarguabl
yt hebest
knownsectionoftheCriminalProcedure
Code.

1.PowerofMagist
rat
etodirectl
ocal
i
nvesti
gat
ionandexaminat
ionofanexper
t.
2.PowerofMagistr
atet
ofur
nishwr
it
ten
i
nstruct
ions,
etc.
3.Magistr
atemayprohi
bitt
hecont
inuance
orrepet
it
ionofpubl
icnui
sance.
4.Powertoprohi
bitcar
r y
ingar
msin
processi
onormassdr i
llormasst
rai
ning
witharms.
5.Powertoattachsubj
ectofdi
sput
eand
toappoi
ntreceiver
.

Secti
on144Cr i
mi nalProcedureCodei n
factempower st heExecutiv
eMagi strat
es
toimposesev eralkindsofpr ohi
bit
ory
orders.I
tisav eryeffecti
vetooli
nt he
handsoft headmi nistr
ati
ont oprevent
outbreakofviolence.
TheMagi strat
ei srequir
edt opr
oceedonl
y
whenimmedi atepreventi
onorspeedy
remedyisdesi rabl
eandhemustbe
sati
sfi
edt hatthereisdangertohumanlif
e
ordist
urbanceofpubl i
ctranqui
ll
it
yorari
ot
oranaffrayundert hissecti
on.
Section144oft heCodei si
ntendedt o
meetmandat oryi njunct
ioncaseswhi ch
areofemer gencyorcasesoft empor ar
y
urgencyt okeept hingsinstatusquoand
nott opassanor derwhi chi
nf avourofone
ofthet woopposi t epart
ieswher ebyheis
ablet odeprivetheot hercompl etel
yofhis
ordinarylegalri
ght s.

Thissect i
onenablesthemagistr
atet
o
suspendt helawfulri
ght
softhepubli
cif
theythinkthatsuchasuspensionwil
lbein
theinterestofpubli
cpeaceandsafet
y.
Substanti
atingandbasingt heorderwit
h
properevi
dencei scruci
alundersection
144.Theor derunderSection144i san
executi
veor der
,notajudicialor
der.The
ordermustbei nwr i
ti
ngandt hemat er
ial
factsofthecaseandser vedinthemanner
providedbysection134,dir
ectanyperson
toabst ai
nfrom acertai
nactortotake
cert
ai norderwit
hrespecttocertai
n
propertyinhispossessi
onorunderhi s
management .

Aspert her ulesspecifiedf orthe

i
mpl ement ationofSect ion144i nagiven
j
urisdict
ion, noor dercanr emai ninfor
ce
foraper i
odofmor ethan2mont hs.Under
thestategov ernment’sdiscr et
ion,i
tcan
chooset oext endt hevalidityfortwomor e
mont hswitht hemaximum v al
idi
ty
extendablet osi xmont hs.Oncet he
sit
uationbecomesnor mal ,Sect i
on144
l
ev i
edcanbewi t
hdrawn.
.

Questi
on-2:Discussthepr ocedure
contai
nedi nt
hecr i
mi nalprocedure
code1898r egardi
ngt hedi sput
eof
l
andwhi chmaycausebr eachof
peace.I
st her
eanydi fference
betweensection144and145?I fy
es,
whatarethosedi f
ferences?

Answer:

Proceedi
ngspursuanttosecti
on145
areint
endedtopreventthebreachof
thepeaceaswellastoav oi
dany
conf l
ictasasaf etymeasur e.Thi sisto
preser vet hestatusquount ilthepar t
ies
hav ethei rcaser esolvedbyt heCivil
Cour thav ingcompet entjurisdicti
on.
Also, thei mportantt hi
ngt onot eher eis
thewor d‘ l
andorwat er’i
nt hese
particularsect i
onsappl iest ohouses,
mar ket s,fisher
ies,crops,ot herland
product s,andthel easesori ncomesof
allsuchpr operti
es.
Br
eachofPeace
Iftherei saconf l
ictbet weent wo
parties/groupsov ert heowner shipof
l
and, water,orborder s,andi ft
he
conf l
ictislikel
ytodoabr eachofpeace,
thent heExecut iv
eMagi st
ratecant ake
actionunderSect ion145Cr PCThe
policer eportorthei nformat i
onmust
cont ainthenat ur
eoft heconf l
ict,
t he
cleardescr ipti
onoft hepr operty,the
partiest otheconf li
ct,andt henatur eof
thedangeri tposest ot hepubl i
cpeace.

I
fwegot hroughSection145wewil
lfi
nd
t
heprocedur
eforbreachingpeacer
egar
ding
l
andwhichstat
esasf ol
lows—
 WhereveranyDist
ri
ctMagi
str
ateoran
Execut
ivespecial
ly
empower edbyt hegov ernmenti nthisbehal fi
s
sati
sfi
edf rom apol icer epor torot her
i
nformat i
ont hatadi sput el i
kelytocausea
breachofpeaceexi stsconcer ni
nganyl andor
waterorboundar i
est her eof,wi t
hint helocal
l
imitsofhisj uri
sdiction, heshal lmakeanor der
i
nwr it
ingst ati
ngt hegr oundsofhi sbeingso
sati
sfi
edandr equest ingt hepar tiesconcer ned
i
nsuchdi sput etoat tendhi scour twi t
hina
ti
met obef ixedbysuchMagi str
at eandt oput
i
nwr it
tenst atement soft heirrespect i
veclaims
asrespectst ofact sofact ualpossessi onof
thesubjectofdi spute.
 So,forassumptionofj
ur i
sdict
ionand
passingordersunderSect
ion145al lt
hatis
necessaryisexi
stenceofdisputetocause
breachofthepeace.Magistrate’
ssati
sfact
ion
aboutthatfrom pol
icer
eportisenough-
SudhansuVS.AbdulAzi z(
25DLR)

I
nqui
ryast
opossessi
on

TheMagi st
rat
eshal
lthen,wit
hout
ref
erencetothemeri
tsoftheclai
msof
anyofsuchparti
estoarightto
possessthesubj
ectofdisput
e,pursue
thestatement ssoputi n,heart he
parti
es,receiveallsuchev i
denceas
maybepr oducedbyt hem respect i
v el
y,
considertheef fectofsuchev idence,
takesuchf urtherev i
dence( i
fany )as
hethinksnecessar y,
and,ifpossi ble,
decidewhet heranyandwhi choft he
parti
eswasatt hedat eoftheor der
beforement ionedi nsuchpossessi on
ofthesai dsubject.
Provi
dedt hat,i
fitappear stothe
Magistratethatanypar t
ywi thi
ntwo
mont hsnextbeforet hedateofsuch
orderhasbeenf orciblyandwr ongfull
y
di
spossessed, hemayt reatthepartyso
di
spossessedasi fhehadbeeni n
possessionofatsuchdat e.
Providedalsothat
,ift
heMagi st
rat
e
considersthecaseoneofemer gency
,
hemayatanyt imeattacht
hesubject
ofdisputependinghisdeci
sionunder
thi
ssect i
on.

Part
yinpossessi
ont oret
ain
possessi
onunti
llegal
ly
evi
cted

Ift
heMagi st
rat
edecidesthatoneof
theparti
eswasorshouldbet r
eatedas
beingi
npossessionofthesaidsubject
,
heshalli
ssueanorderdeclar
ingsuch
partyt
obeent i
tl
edtopossession
ther eofunti
lev i
ctedt herefrom indue
cour seoflaw, andf orbiddi
ngal l
disturbancesofsuchpossessi onunt il
suchev i
cti
onandwhenhecomest o
theconcl usiondur i
ngt heinqui ryt hat
anypar t
yhaswi t
hint womont hsnext
bef orethedat eofor derbeenf or cibly
andwr onglydispossessed, mayr estore
thepossessi onoft hepar t
yf orciblyand
wr ongfull
ydi spossessed.
Legalhei
rstobemadethe
partytot
heinqui
ryi
ncase
ofdeathofanypart
ytot
he
proceedi
ngs

Whenanypar tytosuchpr oceedi ngs

dies, theMagi str
atemaycauset he
l
egalr epresent ati
vesoft hedeceased
par tytobemadeapar t yt ot he
proceedi ngsandshal l
t her eupon
cont inuet heinquiry,andi fanyquest ion
arisesast owhot helegal
repr esentati
v esofadeceasedpar tyfor
thepur poseofsuchpr oceedi ngsis,all
per sonscl aimi ngtober epr esentati
ves
oft
hedeceasedpar
tyshal
lbemade
par
ti
est
hereto.

Disposalofcropsorother
produceoftheproperty
whichissubjecttospeedy
andnaturaldecay:
-

IftheMagi st
rat
eisofopini
onthatany
croporot herpr
oduceoftheproperty,
thesubjectofdisput
einaproceedings
underthissecti
onpendingbef
orehi m,
i
ssubjectt ospeedyandnatur
aldecay ,
hemaymakeanor derf
ortheproper
custodyorsaleofsuchpr opert
y ,
and,
upont hecompletionoft heinquir
y,
shal
lmakesuchor derforthedisposal
ofsuchpr oper
ty,ort hesale-
proceeds
ther
eof ,
ashet hi
nksf i
t.

Thev ividpict
ureofsecti
on145i sfound
from thecaseofDr .AkhterAliVs.The
State(22DLR) .Iti
ssaidinthecaset hat
thepr i
ncipalobj
ectofsection145Cr .
P.Cis
twof old;
 i
) t oprev
entther
eachof
peaceov
erl
andorwater
;
torestor
et hepossessionoft hesamet o
thepartyfoundtohav ebeenf orcibl
yand
wrongfull
ydispossessedwi t
hi ntwo
mont hsnextbeforemaki ngthepr el
imi
nary
orderundersecti
on145( 1)Cr.P.C;
i
rrespecti
veofitsri
ghtt opossess.
Dif
ferencebet
ween
secti
on144&145

1★ Sec.144(
2)CrPCisregardi
ngex-par
ty
orderi
ncasetoemergencytomaint
ain
peaceandnottodi
stur
bpublictr
anquil
it
.
SEC.145CrPCisregardingadisputewith
regar
dtothepossessionofapr oper
ty.
Herephysi
calpossessionist
hemai nissue.

2★ Whenthemagistr
atereali
zest
hatthe
publi
cnui
sanceisaboutt
ot akeaser
ious
tur
northatsuchafi
ghtorrioti
saboutto
breakout
,themagi
str
atemayi
ssue
secti
on144.
.
Ont heot herhand, thecaseunderSect i
on
145oft heCr iminalPr ocedureCodewi l
l
onlyappl yt ot hepossi bili
tyofbreachof
peacear isingoutofadi sputeover
i
mmov abl epr operty.Thesei zureand
evi
ct i
onofi mmov ablepr oper
ty
necessi tatedf il
ingofSect i
on145cases.
Deteriorat i
onofpeaceandor dercentered
onoccupat ionandev icti
onhast he
potentialt ol eadtobl oodshed, murderand
i
njury.Toav oidthis,acasecanbef i
led
underSect ion145oft heCr i
minal
Procedur eCode.

3★ Noor
derundert
hissect
ion144of
CrPcshal
lremai
ninfor
ceformor
ethan
twomonthsfrom t
hemaki
ngther
eof
ButUndersect
ion145shallremai
nunt
il
thedet
ermini
ngofpossession.

4★ sect
ion144isnotappl
icabl
ein
Met
ropoli
tanar
ea.
But
,sect
ion145isal
soappl
icabl
ein
Metr
opol
it
anarea.

5★ Sect
ion144i
sappl
icabl
einmov
abl
e
ori
mmov eabl
epr
oper
ti
es,
Ontheotherhand,sect
ion145is
appl
icabl
eforonlyimmovablepr
oper
ty.

6★ Sect
ion144canbei
nfor
ceonl
yfora
peri
odof2monthsandinext
raor
dinar
y
cases,
maybeextendedto6months.

Ontheotherhand,Accor
dingtosect
ion
145ofCr.P.
C.,puni
shmentforvi
olat
ionof
thi
ssecti
onshallext
enduptothree(3)
yearsofi
mprisonment.

7★ sect
ion144pr
ovi
dedt
empor
aryor
der
,
Butsection145provi
dedDetermine
possession,or
dertoatt
achorappoi
nt
recei
vers.
.
8★ sect
ion144l
iesnohear
ingbutsect
ion
145li
esheari
ng.
.
.
9★ Undersect
ion144hasnor uleto
att
achorappoi
ntrecei
verbutsecti
on145
has..
..
..