ALI

GARHMUSLI
M UNI
VERSI
TY
MALAPPURAM CENTER

GCT-
1

Topi
c:Appealf
rom or
igi
naldecr
ee[
sec.96]
Subj
ect:Ci
vi
lPr
ocedur
eCode

Submi
tt
edBy:
- Submi
tt
edTo:
-
MohdNat
iqKhan Adv
.Al
ini
hasV
18BALLB78 Assi
stantPr
ofessor
GI
0153 Depar
tmentofLaw
I
VthYear(
7sem)
 CONTENT
I
NTRODUCTI
ON

PROCEDURERELATEDTOAPPEALS

FI
RSTAPPEALS

APPEALBYONEPLAI
NTI
FFAGAI
NSTANOTHERPLAI
NTI
FF

APPEALBYONEDEFENDANTAGAI
NSTANOTHERDEFENDANT

WHOCANNOTAPPEAL?

1.Bywai
ver

2.ByAccept
anceofBenef
it
s

3.ByAbol
i
tionoff
orum t
owhi
chAppeal
li
es

APPEALAGAI
NSTEXPARTEDECREE:
SECTI
ON96(
2)

NOAPPEALAGAI
NSTCONSENTDECREE:
SECTI
ON96(
3)

NOAPPEALI
NPETTYCASES:
SECTI
ON96(
4)

APPEALAGAI
NSTPRELI
MINARYDECREE

NOAPPEALAGAINSTFI
NAL,
DECREEWHERENOAPPEAI
,
AGAI
NSTPRELI
MINARYDECREE

APPEALAGAI
NSTJUDGMENTANDFI
NDI
NGS

APPEALAGAI
NSTDEADPERSON

LI
MITATI
ON
CONCLUSI
ON

BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Anyper sonwhof eelsaggr i
evedbyanydecr eeoror deroft hecour tmay
pref eranappeal int hesuperiorcour ti
ft heappeal i
spr ovi
dedagai nstt hat
decr eeoror der.Ar i
ghtt oappeal i
snotanat uralorani nher entr i
ght.An
appeal isacr eatureoft hestat uteandt herei snor i
ghtofappeal unlessi tis
givencl earl
yandi nexpr esster ms.I tisav est edrightandaccr uestot he
l
iti
gantandexi stsasonandf rom t hedat ethe/ i
scommences.The
expr essi on"appeal"hasnotbeendef i
nedi nt hecode, butitmaybedef ined
ast hej udicialexami nati
onoft hedeci sionbyahi ghercour toft hedeci sion
ofani nf er
iorcourt.Itmeansr emov alofacausef rom ani nf er i
ortoa
super iorcour tforthepur poseoft est i
ngt hesoundnessoft hedeci si
onof
thei nfer i
orcour t
.Itisthusar emedypr ov i
dedbyl awf orget tingthedecr ee
oft hel owercour tsetasi de.Inot herwor ds, i
ti sacompl aintmadet othe
highercour tthatthedecr eepassedbyt hel owercour tisunsoundand
wr ong.Ther i
ghttoappeal must ,att hi
sj unct ure,becompar edand
distingui shedf r
om ar ighttofileasui t
.Assai d,t
her ighttoappeal i
sa
statutor yrightandanysuchr i
ghtmusthav et heexpr essaut hori
tyofal aw.
Ther i
ghtt osueort of i
leasui tis,howev er,ani nherentr i
ghtandno
expr essaut hori
zationfrom anyst atutemayber equiredt oinst it
uteasui t.I
t
i
senought hatnost at
uteexpr esslybar st hei nstit
utionofsuchsui t.
PROCEDURERELATEDTOAPPEALS
Theappeal
bei
ngthecont
inuati
onoft
hesui
tishel
dnotwit
houtanyr
eason;
i
tmaybeexaminedint
helightoft
hef
oll
owi
ngproposi
ti
ons:

1.Theappell
atecourthasal lt
hepowersandhast odoallt
hosethi
ngs
necessar
ythatatri
alcourthasandhast odo.Inthi
ssense,evenwhenthe
casegoesonappeal,iti
sj ustthenamethathasundergoneachange;
the
for
m andsubstancestil
lremai nthesame.

2.I
nthesamev einasabove,theappell
atecourthastodoallt
hathasbeen
donebythetr
ailcourti
nthatpart
icul
arcase,andthenei
theragreeor
di
sagreefr
om thetri
alcour
t.1

3.Hence,event heappell
atecourthastowr
it
eaj udgementandpassa
decree.I
ntheev entofthecourtupholdi
ngt
hel owercourt
'sdeci
sion,t
he
appell
atecourtmaywr it
edownt hesamedecr ee,wi
thoutchangingit
,and
thedecreewil
l nowbedeemedt ohavebeenthatoftheappellat
ecourt.

4.Finally,t
hesuitisnotdeemedt obe" finall
yconcluded"f ormat t
ersofres
j
udicatat il
ltheappeal sareov er
.Thi simpl i
esthatiti
sdeemedt hatthe
samesui tisinprogr essevenwhi letheappeal sareon.I tisonlywhent he
courtshav ef i
nal
lycomet oaconcl usion, aft
erallpossibleappealshav e
beenusedandt ri
edbyt heappellant,thatt hesuitissaidtohav ebeen
conclusivelydecided.Theabov esai dpr opositi
onspoi ntout,inessence,
whati simpl i
edwheni tissaidthatt heappeal i
sacont i
nuationofthesuit.
Thev ariouspr ov
isionsr el
ati
ngt otheappeal shav ealreadybeenst atedin
theintroductiontot hiswork.Adet ailedl ookintothesepr ovisi
onsatt hi
s
j
unct urebecomesper ti
nent.

1
Takwani
C.K,
Civ
ilPr
ocedur
eCode,
8thEdi
ti
on,
Lucknow,
East
ernBookCompany
,2017,
pg475.
FI
RSTAPPEALS
Sect
ion96.Appeal
from Or
igi
nal
decr
ee:

(1)Savewhereotherwi
seexpresslypr ov
idedinthebodyoft hisCode,orby
anyotherlawfort
het i
mebeinginf orce,anappealshal
l l
i
efr om ev
ery
decreepassedbyanyCourtexercisingorigi
nalj
uri
sdict
iontheCour t
authori
zedtohearappeal
sfr
om t hedeci si
onsofsuchCour t.

(
2)Anappeal
mayl
i
efr
om anor
igi
nal
decr
eepassedexpar
te.

(3)Noappeal
shal
ll
ief
rom adecr
eepassedbyt
heCour
twi
tht
heconsent
ofpar
ti
es.

(4)Noappeal shal
lli
e,exceptonaquest
ionofl
aw,from adecr
eeinany
suitofthenatur
ecognizablebyCour
tsofSmallCauses,whentheamount
orv al
ueofthesubject-
matteroft
heori
ginal
sui
tdoesnotexceedten
thousandrupees.

Asalreadystatedint
hei nt
roducti
on,t
heprovisi
onsrel
ati
ngt othefi
rst
appealsaresecti
ons96-99A, 107andorder41.Secti
on96 oft
2
hecode
recogni
zesther i
ghtt
oappeal f
rom ev
erydecreepassedbyanycour tof
origi
nalj
uri
sdicti
on.I
tdoesnotenumer atethepersonscapableof
appeali
ng.Twocondi t
ionshav etobeful
fi
ll
edbeforeanappeal maybef i
l
ed
underthissecti
on:

1.Thesubjectmatt
erofanappeali
salwaysadecree;
anappeali
sal
l
owed
onl
yaf t
eradecreehasbeenpassed,whi
chimpl
iestheconcl
usi
ve
deter
minati
onofthesuit
.

2.Thepart
yappeal
i
ngmusthav
ebeenadv
ersel
yaf
fect
edbysuch
deter
minat
ion.

Theordi
nar
yrul
eisthatonlyapartyt
oasuitadver
sel
yaf
fect
edtobythe
decr
eeoranyofhi
srepresentat
ivesi
nint
erestmayfi
l
eanappeal
.Buta
2
www.
blog.
ipl
eader
s.i
n
personwhoi snotapart
ytothesuitmayfil
eanappeal,onlyi
fthecour
thas
grantedspeci
alleav
e,pr
ovi
dedthatheiseitherboundbythedecreeor
orderorisaggri
evedbyi
torisprej
udici
all
yaffect
edbyit.

InthecaseofAdi -
Pherozshahv.H.M.Seer vai
3
,
thecourtobservedthatthe
testtoseewhet heraper sonisaggriev
edornoti stoseewhet herhehasa
genuinegr i
evancebecauseanor derhasbeenmadewhi chprejudici
all
y
affect
shi sint
erestseit
herpecuniaryorotherwise.Si
milarl
y,apersonwho
haswai vedhisrighttoappealoragreesnott oappealloseshisrightto
appeal.Ther i
ghttoappeal i
salsolostift
hecour ttowhichtheappeal li
es
i
sabol i
shedandnocour tissubstit
utedinitsplace.

From t
heabovegeneralpr
inci
ples,
thef
oll
owi
ngper
sonsar
eent
it
ledt
o
appealundert
hissect
ion:

1.Apart
ytot
hesui
twhoisaggr
ievedoradver
sel
yaf
fect
edbyt
hedecr
ee,
ori
fsuchpar
tyi
sdead,
hisl
egalr
epresent
ati
ves.

2.Apersonclaimingunderapar
tytothesui
toratransf
ereeofthe
i
nterest
sofsuchpar ty
,who,sof
arassuchinter
estisconcer
ned,isbound
bythedecree,provi
dedhisnameisenter
edontherecordofthesuit
.

3.Aguar
dianadl
i
tem appoi
ntedbyt
hecour
tinasui
tbyoragai
nstami
nor
.

4.Anyotherperson,
wit
hthel
eav
eoft
hecour
t,i
fhei
sadv
ersel
yaf
fect
ed
bythedecree.
4

APPEALBYONEPLAI
NTI
FFAGAI
NSTANOTHER
PLAI
NTIFF
Asagener
alr
ule,
onepl
aint
if
fcannotf
il
eanappeal
agai
nstaco-
plai
nti
ff

3
AI
R1971SC385.

4
St
ateofPunj
abV.AmarSi
ngh(
1974)2SCC70.
Butwherethematterincontr
oversyi
nthesuitf
ormssubj
ect
-mat
terof
di
sputebetweenplaint
if
fsint
erse,anappeal
canbefi
ledbyonepl
aint
if
f
agai
nstanotherpl
ainti
ff
.

APPEALBYONEDEFENDANTAGAI
NSTANOTHER
DEFENDANT
Thepr i
nci
plewhichappl i
estof i
l
ingofappeal byoneplainti
ffagai
nst
anotherplai
nti
ffequallyappl
iestoanappeal byonedef endantagainst
anotherdefendant.I
tisonlywher ethedisputeisnotonlybetween
pl
ainti
ffsandthedef endantsbutbet weendefendantsi
nterseandsuch
deci
sionadv er
selyaffectsonedef endantagai
nsttheotherthatsuch
appealwouldbecompet ent.

WHOCANNOTAPPEAL?
Ther
ightofappeal
isl
ostbyf
oll
owi
ngmeans:

1.Bywai
ver
Ifapartyagreesnottoappeal orwaiveshisri
ghttoappeal,
hecannotfi
le
anappeal andwill
beboundbyanagr eementifot
herwisesuchagreement
i
sv ali
d.Suchanagr eementmustbecl earandunambiguous.Whethera
partyhasorhasnotwai vedhisrightofappealdependsuponthefactsand
cir
cumst ancesofeachcase.5

2.ByAccept
anceofBenef
it
s.
Simi
larl
y,wher
eapart
yhasaccept
edthebenefi
tsunderadecr
eeofthe
cour
t,hecanbeest
oppedfr
om quest
ioni
ngthelegal
it
yofthedecr
ee.
'As

5
Pr
otabChunderV.Ar
athoon,
ILR(
1882)8Cal
455.
Scr
utton,L.
J.obser
ved,"
Itst
artl
esmet hatapersoncansaythatjudgment
i
swr ongandatthesamet i
meacceptt hepaymentunderthejudgmentas
bei
ngr i
ght.
..
.Inmyopini
on,youcannottakethebenefi
tofajudgmentas
bei
nggoodandt henappealagainsti
tasbeingbad.6

3.ByAbol
it
ionoff
orum t
owhi
chAppeall
ies.
Fi
nall
y,thev
est
edrightofappeali
sdestroy
edifthecourttowhi
chan
appeall
iesi
sabol
i
shedal t
ogetherwi
thoutanyforum bei
ngsubst
it
utedi
n
i
tsplace.

APPEALAGAI
NSTEXPARTEDECREE:SECTI
ON
96(
2)
Thedefendant
,agai
nstwhom anexpar
tedecr
eehasbeenpassed,
hast
he
fol
l
owingremediesavai
l
ablet
ohim:

1.Applytot
hecour
tbywhi
chsuchdecr
eei
spassedt
oseti
tasi
de:
Order9
Rule13;or

2.Pref
eranappeal
agai
nstsuchdecr
ee:Sect
ion96(
2)(
ort
ofi
l
ear
evi
si
on
underSect
ion115wher
enoappealli
es)
;

3.Appl
yforr
evi
ew:
Order47Rul
e1;
or

4.Fi
leasuitonthegr oundoffraud.Theabov er
emediesareconcurrent
andtheycanbepr osecutedsimultaneousl
yorconcurr
entl
y.I
nanappeal
agai
nstanexpar t
edecr ee,t
heappel l
atecourti
scompetenttogointothe
questi
onoftheproprietyoft
heexpar t
edecreepassedbythetr
ialcourt
.

6
Dext
ersLt
dV.Hi
l
lCr
estOi
lCo.(
1926)1KB348.
NOAPPEALAGAI
NSTCONSENTDECREE:SECTI
ON
96(
3)
Secti
on96( 3)decl
aresthatnoappealshalll
i
eagainstaconsentdecree.
Thisprov
isionisbasedont hebroadpri
ncipl
eofestoppel
.Itpr
esupposes
thatt
hepar ti
estoanact i
oncan,expr
esslyorimpli
edl
y,wai
v eorfor
got hei
r
ri
ghtofappeal byanylawfulagr
eementorcompr omiseorevenbyconduct .
Theconsiderati
onfortheagreementinvol
vedinaconsentdecreeisthat
boththesidesgiveupt hei
rri
ghtofappeal
.

Oncet hedecreeisshownt ohav ebeenpassedwi ththeconsentoft he

parti
es,Secti
on96( 3)becomesoper ati
veandbi ndst hem.Itcr eatesan
estoppelbetweenthepar ti
esasaj udgmentoncont est.Wheret hereisa
parti
alcompr omiseandadj ust
mentofasui tandadecr eei
spassedi n
accordancewi t
hit,thedecreetothatextentisaconsentdecr eeandi snot
appealabl
e.Thisprov i
sion,
howev er,
doesnotappl ywher ethef actum of
compr omiseisindisputeorthecompr omi sedecreei schall
engedont he
groundthatsuchcompr omisehadnotbeenar ri
vedatl awfull
y.

NOAPPEALI
NPETTYCASES:SECTI
ON96(
4)
Ithasbeeni nsertedbytheAmendmentActof1976.I tbar sappeal sexcept
onpoi ntsoflawi ncert
aincases.Pr i
orto1976, Section96al l
owedaf i
rst
appeal againsteverydecree.Now, t
hissub-secti
onbar sappeal sonf acts
from decreespassedi npet t
ysuitswheretheamountorv alueofthe
subject-matteroftheorigi
nal sui
tdoesnotexceedt ent housandr upees,if
thesuitsinwhi chsuchdecr eesarepassedar eoft henat urecogni zableby
theCour tsofSmal lCauses.Theunder ly
ingobjectinenact i
ngt hesaid
provisi
oni storeduceappeal sinpettycases.Suchr estrict i
onsar e
necessar yintheinter
estoft heli
ti
gantsthemselves.Theyshoul dnotbe
encour
agedt
oappeal
onf
act
sint
ri
vi
alcases.
7

APPEALAGAI
NSTPRELI
MINARYDECREE
Anappeal li
esagainstapr el
iminarydecree.Apr el
iminarydecreeisas
muchaf inaldecree.Infact,afi
naldecreeisbutmachi neryfort he
i
mpl ement ationofapr el
iminarydecree.Fail
uretoappeal againsta
prel
iminar ydecree,hence,precl
udest heaggrievedpartyfrom challenging
thefinaldecree.Wher eanappeal i
sfil
edagainstapr el
iminarydecr eeand
i
sallowedandt hedecreeissetaside, t
hefinaldecreefall
stot hegr ound
asineffectivesincethereisnopr el
iminarydecreetosuppor tthefinal
decree.

NOAPPEALAGAI
NSTFINAL,DECREEWHERENO
APPEAI
,AGAI
NSTPRELIMI
NARYDECREE
Insuit
swhi chcont empl at
ethemakingoft wodecr ees: apreli
minar ydecr ee
andaf inaldecree,thedecreewhichwouldbeexecut abl
ewoul dbet hef i
nal
decree.Butthef i
nalit
yofadecr eeoradecisiondoesnotnecessar il
y
dependuponi tbei
ngexecut abl
e.Thelegisl
atureini tswisdom hast hought
thatsuitsofcertai
nt ypesshouldbedecidedinstagesandt hought hesui t
i
nsuchcasescanber egardedasful
lyandcompl et elydecidedonl yaf tera
fi
naldecr eeismade, thedecisi
onofthecourtar r
ivedatt heear l
ierst age
alsohasaf i
nali
tyattachedtoit
.Secti
on97ofCPCr eadsasf oll
ows:

97.Appealf
rom f
inaldecr
eewherenoappeal f
rom pr
eli
minarydecree.
-
Whereanypart
yaggr i
evedbyaprel
iminar
ydecreepassedaftert
he
commencementoft hisCodedoesnotappealfr
om suchdecree,heshall
beprecl
udedfr
om disputi
ngit
scorr
ectnessinanyappealwit
hmaybe

7
Lawcommi
ssi
ons54t
hrepor
tatpage72.
pr
efer
redf
rom t
hef
inal
decr
ee.

Itisnowclearthatwhereapar tyaggri
evedbyapr el
iminarydecr eedoes
notappealfrom it
,iti
sprecl
udedf rom di
sputi
ngit
scor rect
nessi nany
appeal whi
chmaybepr efer
redfrom thefi
naldecr
ee.Thi sprovisiont
hus
clearl
yindi
catesthatastothemat ter
scov er
edbyi t
,apr el
i
mi narydecreeis
regardedasembody i
ngthefinaldeci
sionofthecourtpassingthatdecr ee.

APPEALAGAI
NSTJUDGMENTANDFI
NDI
NGS
TheCodepr ovi
desanappealfr
om adecr eeandnotfrom ajudgment.An
aggrievedparty,howev
er,
mayf i
leanappeal agai
nstt
hejudgment,ifa
decreeisnotdr awnupbythecourt.Butnoappealli
esincaseofaf i
nding
recordedbyt hecourti
ncasesuchappeal doesnotamountt oadecreeor
anappeal abl
eor der
.

APPEALAGAI
NSTDEADPERSON
Noappeal canbeinsti
tutedagainstadeadper son.Insuchcases, an
applicati
oncanbemadepr ayi
ngfort hesubstit
utionofthelegal
representati
vesofthedeceasedr espondentwhodi edpriortothefil
i
ngof
theappeal .I
nthatcase,theappeal canbet akentohav ebeenf i
ledont he
dateoft heappli
cati
onf orsubsti
tuti
onoft helegal r
epresent
atives.I
f,by
thattime,theappealistime-barr
ed,theappel l
antcanseekcondonat i
onof
delay.8

LI
MITATI
ON

8
Bankofcommer
ceLt
d.V.Pr
atabChandr
aGoseAI
R1946FC13.
CPCconf ersar i
ghtofappeal,butdoesnotpr escr
ibeaperiodofl
imitati
on
forfi
l
inganappeal .Theli
mitati
onAct ,
1963,pr ovi
destheperiodf
orfil
ing
appeals.I
tstatesthatanappeal agai
nstadecr eeorordercanbefil
edi na
HighCourtwi t
hin90day sandi nanyothercourtwithi
n30day sfr
om the
dateofthedecr eeororderappealedagainst
.9

9
Ar
t116,
Limi
tat
ionsAct1963.
CONCLUSI
ON
Appeal sarerecogni zedasst atutoryr i
ghtsofper sonsaggr i
evedbyany
decisionofani nferiorcourtint heinterestofj ustice.Fi
rstappealsarea
for
m ofappeal prescr i
bedundert heCodeofCi vilProcedure.Theperiodof
l
imitationincaseofanappeal tothef i
rstappel lateauthori
tyis90day s
wher eitli
estot heHi ghCour t.Thei mpor tantpoi nttobearinmi ndwheni t
comest omakingast at
ementt otheef fectthatanappeal isacontinuation
ofthesui ti
sthati tismor eint heinterestofj usticeandadher encetot he
pri
nciplesoffairt r
ialthatthesepr ovisionsoughtt obeseen.Nodoubtt hat
therighttoappeal i
snotani nherentr i
ghtandhast obemandat edbyt he
l
aw, yetitisnott hatav erytechnical andmechani calvi
ewhast obet aken
i
ntoaccount .

Fi
nall
y ,i
tcanbeconcludedthatt
hepr ovi
sionsoftheCPCextensiv
elydeal
wit
ht hesubstant
iveaswellasproceduralaspect
sr el
ati
ngt
oallki
ndsof
appeals,whi
lemakingexpressmodificat
ionsinordertobeaccommodativ
e
ofthemor especi
ficl
egisl
ati
on.
BI
BLI
OGRAPHY
 Takwani
C.K,
Civi
lPr
ocedur
eCode,
8thEdi
ti
on,
Lucknow,
East
ern
BookCompany,
2017.

 ht
tps:
//www.
legal
ser
vicei
ndi
a.com/
art
icl
e/l
63-
Appeal
s.ht
ml.

 ht
tps:
//www.google.
com/amp/s/
www. l
atestl
aws.
com/
amp/
art
icl
es/
al
l
-about-
appeal
s-under
-t
he-
code-
of-
civ
il
-procedur
e.

 htt
ps:
//www.googl
e.com/amp/s/bl
og.i
pleader
s.i
n/f
ir
st-
appeal
s-
under
-t
he-code-
of-
civ
il
-pr
ocedur
e-1908/%3famp=1.