Gener

alBi
ology2

Name: Rhotzyl
lCyrusS.Gener
alao
DateSubmi t
ted:02/22/
2021
Schedule:
TTH8: 30-10-00AM Sect
ion:
STEM 2G

Act
ivi
ty1.THEROOT
AnswerSheet

General
Instr
uct
ions:
1.Encodeyouranswersimmediat
elybel
oweveryquesti
on.
2.Makesurey ourphot
osarecl
ear.
3.UploadONLYy ourdul
yaccompli
shedAnswerSheetsinPDFf
ormat
.

I
.Gui
deQuest
ions:

1.Whataret
hetwotypesofr
ootsy st
emsofplant
s?Descr
ibeeacht
ypeandi
dent
if
ythe
gr
oup/sofpl
ant
sthatexhi
biteachtypeofr
ootsyst
em.(
6pts)

->Thet wotypesofr ootsystem aret het aprootsystem andt hef i

brousr ootsy st
em
whichalsoknownasanadv entiti
ousr ootsystem.At apr ootsy stem hasamai nroot
thatgrowsdownv ert
icall
y,f
rom whi chmanysmal l
erlateralroot sariseandt aproot
system penatrat
esdeepi nt
ot hesoi l
.Forexampl et hedandel i
ons,t heirtapr oot
system usuall
ybr eakof fwhent heseweedsar epul l
edf rom t hegr ound,theycan
regrow anothershootf rom ther emai ningroot.Whi l
et hef ibrousr ootsy stem is
l
ocat edcl
osert othesoilsurfacewher eitformsadensenet wor kofr ootsthatal so
helpspreventsoilerosion.Thel awngr ass,corn,ri
cear et heexampl eoft hisroot
system.

2.Gi
vethe4modi f
icati
onsofthedi
cotr
ootsy
stem.Descr
ibeeachandnameapl
ant
t
hatexhi
bit
seachtype.(
12pt
s)

->The4modi f
icat i
onoft hedi cotrootsyst
em arethef ol
lowi
ng
A.Conical-t hemai nrootsisconicalinshapewi thabroadbaseandt apersand
gradual
lyatt heapex.Theexampl eofconicaliscar
rot.
B.Napiform -t histaprooti sspheri
calinshapeandt aperssharpl
yattheti
p.The
exampleofnapi form ar eturnipandbeetroot.
C.Fusi
f orm -t hemai nr ootisswolleninthemi ddleandt aper
satthebothend.
Theexampl eoff usi f
or misradish.
D.Tuber ous-t hisroothasnodef ini
teshape.I tgetsswol l
enandf l
eshl
y.The
exampleoft uber ousi ssweetpot ato.
3.Descr i
be the f ollowi ng type ofmonocotr ootmodi f
icat
ions and name a pl
ant
exhibi
ti
ngeacht y pe: (
21)

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 Gener
alBi
ology2

a.Fascicl
e-Theswol lenrootsorr oottubersoccurincl ust
ers.Fasciclei
st he
clust
erofadventi
tiousroot
sf orfoodst orage.I
nDahli
atheylieatt hebaseofthe
stem whil
einAspar agusthef asciculat
edf l
eshyrootsoccurati nter
val
sont he
normalroots
b.Nodular-Innoduloserootstheswel l
i
ngsoccuronl ynearthetips.Thenodulose
rootsaresingl
ebeads.Theybecomeswol lenattheapexandhav eadefini
te
shape.Theexampl eofnoduloser ootsareMar ant
aandTur meric.

c.Beaded-Therootsofbreadedormoni
li
for
m areswoll
enatregul
arint
erv
alsli
ke
beadsofanecklaceandar eswol
lenandconstr
ict
ed.Theexampleofbreaded
root
sarebasel
laandgrasses.

d.Tuber
ous-Thesi
mpletuberousr
oot
sar
eswol
l
enanddonotassumeanyshape.
Theexampl
eissweetpot
ato.

e.Sti
lt-Sti
ltroot
sareshortbutthicksupport
ingr
ootswhichdevel
opobliquel
yfrom
thebasalnodesoft hestem.Afterpenetr
ati
ngthesoi
l,t
heydevel
opfibrousroot
s
whichhol dthesoilfi
rmlytoprovidesupportt
othelongandnarrowj oi
ntedand
unbranchedst ems( cul
ms)l i
ket heropesofpoleort ent
.Theexampleofst i
lt
rootsaresugarcaneandmai ze.

f
. Prop-Thepr oprootsdevel
opfrom thebranchesoft hetr
ee,hangdownwar
ds,
andpenet r
ateintothegroundtherebysupport
ingthet r
ee.Theybecomeredin
themoistenedstate.Rootcapsarepresentatt
hei
rtips.Theexampleoft
heprop
root
sisther oot
soft hebanyant
ree.

g.Aerial-Theaeri
alrootsalsoknownasepi phy t
icroot
soccurinepi
phytes(pl
ants
l
iv­i ngont hesurfaceofot herplant
sf orshelterandspaceonl
y ;hencealso
cal
ledspacepar asi
tes).Theser ootsareaerial
,hangi
ngandspongy.Theyhav ea
porouswal land absor b moi st
uref r
om t he atmospher
e.These aeri
alroots
possessaspeci alsponge- l
iket i
ssueknownasv el
amen.Aeri
alr
oot sincl
udes
tr
opi cal
coastal
swampt reeslikemangroves.

4.Whatar
erhi
zoi
ds?Whatpl
ant
sexhi
bitt
hem?(
2pt
s)

->Rhi
zoidsi
saf il
amentousoutgr
owthorroothairontheunder
sideoft hethal
l
us
i
nsomel owerplant
sser vi
ngbot htoanchortheplantand( i
nter
restr
ialf or
ms)to
conductwater
.Theplantsexhi
bit
sthem ar
emosses,l
iverwor
ts,
andhornworts.

Page2of2
 Gener
alBi
ology2

5.Whatar
epneumat
ophor
es?Whatpl
antexhi
bitt
hem?(
2pt
s)

->Pneumatophoresarespecial
i
zedr ootstr
uctur
est hatgr
ow outfr
om thewater
surf
aceandf aci
l
itat
et heaerat
ionnecessaryforrootrespir
ati
oni
nhy drophy
tict
rees
suchasmanymangr ov especi
es.

I
I.I
LLUSTRATI
ONS(
40pt
s)

___
__ _
MangoSeedl
ing_
___
_ _
_ _
_Clov
erGr
ass_
___
1.Dicotseedl
i
ngr
oots 2.Grassr
oots
Rootsy
stem:
TapRootSy
stem Rootsy
stem:
TapRootSy
stem

____
_____
_____
_____
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_
3.Carr
ot 4.Tur
nip
Modi
fi
cati
on:Coni
cal Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Napi
for
m

Page3of3
 Gener
alBi
ology2

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5.Camote 6.Fern
Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Tuber
ous Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Rhi
zome

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_
7.Cor
n 8.Orchi
d
Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Sti
l
t Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Epi
phy
tic

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 Gener
alBi
ology2

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_
9.Mangr
ove 10.Fi
cussp.
Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Aer
ial Modi
fi
cat
ion:
Prop

Pr
epar
edby
:

MARI
LAGT.MATEO,
M.Sc.
Bi
ologyDepar
tment
CAS,CMU

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