GNS106.

POI
NTSTONOTE.

PUNI
SHMENT

Puni
shmenti
nvol
vest
hedel
i
ber
ateandi
ntent
ional
inf
li
cti
onofsuf
fer
ingonsomeone.

Theor
iesofpuni
shment

1.Uti
li
tar
ian:
itmai
ntai
nst
hatpuni
shmentmustpr
oducesomegoodf
utur
econsequencesor
prev
entsomebadonesanditmustbeFUTURELOOKING.

2.Deter
rentt
heor
y:i
tseespuni
shmentasadeterrenttofut
urecri
mes.Thi
stheor
yai
msat
prev
enti
ngcrimeanddisabl
i
ngthecr
iminal
from breaki
ngthelawagai
n.

3.Ref
ormt
heor
y:i
tseespuni
shmentasapr
ocesswher
ethegui
l
typer
songet
sref
ormed.

4.Retr
ibut
iont
heor
y:itmai
ntai
nst
hatpuni
shmentshoul
dbest
ri
ctl
ypr
opor
ti
onat
etot
hegr
avi
ty
ofthecri
mecommi t
ted.

CAPI
TALPUNI
SHMENT.

I
tist
hemostsupr
emefor
m ofpuni
shment
.Thelawsthatspeci
fi
call
ydealwi
thacaseoft
his
t
ypeisdenomi
nat
ed(
orcodi
fi
ed)i
n'cr
imi
nall
aws'or'
crimeandof f
ense.

Notet
hat
:int
entional
kil
l
ingi
nsel
fdef
enceorwari
snotaf
orm ofpuni
shment
.Quar
ant
inei
s
al
sonotapunishment.

Puni
shmentshoul
dent
ail

#i
tmustbesomet
hingev
ilorunpl
easantoradepr
ivat
ionf
ort
heper
sonuponwhom i
tis
i
mposed.

#i
tmustbesomet
hinganyr
ati
onal
bei
ngwoul
dpr
efernott
ohappent
othem.

NOTE:#PUNI
SHMENTI
SESSENTI
ALESSENTI
ALLYBACKWARDLOOKI
NG.

#THEPERSONWHOI
MPOSESDEPRI
VATI
ON(
PUNI
SHMENT)MUSTBEAUTHORI
ZEDTODO
SO

#ANYPUNI
SHMENTORDEPRI
VATI
ONI
NFLI
CTEDONANI
NNOCENTPERSONI
SBRUTALI
TY.

#ANYJUSTI
FICATI
ONOFPUNI
SHMENTMUSTHAVEARETRI
BUTI
VEREWARDBECAUSE
PUNI
SHMENTISBACKWARDLOOKI
NG.

#ANYDEFENSEOFPUNI
SHMENTMUSTWHATHASALREADYHAPPENEDORTHEOFFENCE
COMMI
TTEDTHATMAKESRIGHTORAPPROPRI
ATEFORTHEDEPRI
VATI
ONTOBEIMPOSED.
EXPOSI
TIONI
NTHETHEORI
ESOFPUNI
SHMENT.

#reformtheory:i
fther
eisnoconv inci
ngreasontobeli
evet
hatt
hewr ongdoerswi l
lengagei
n
heinousactinfutur
e,t
hereissimplynojusti
fi
cat
ionfordoi
nganyt
hingtot hewrongdoers.
Nobodycanl ookintothef
uture.Executi
oninthi
sgroundseemsextraor
dinari
l
ydiff
icul
tto
j
ust i
fy.

#det
errenttheor
y:i
fthereasonwhydepr i
vati
onisimposedonthewrongdoer
sistodet
erthem
fr
om engaginginsi
mi l
arconducts,
thenwhatseemst obejusti
fi
edi
snottheact
uali
mposit
ion
ofadeprivati
onuponthewr ongdoerbuttheappearanceoft
heimposi
ti
onofadepri
vat
ion.

Mer
it
sofcapi
tal
puni
shment

1.I
tact
sasaki
ndofl
anguagespeaki
ngdi
rect
lyt
othemi
nd.

2.Ifcapi
tal
puni
shmenti
saccept
edf
orhei
nouscr
imes,
itcoul
dpossi
blyactasadet
err
entt
o
others

Demer
it
.

1.Penal
ti
esexceptf
orf
inescannotber
ever
sed.

2.Deathpenalt
ycontr
ibut
estodi
srespectf
orhumanl
i
fe.I
tcont
ri
but
est
otheat
mospher
eof
vi
olenceanditisnotadet
err
entt
ocr i
me

3.
deat
hpenal
tyi
sdi
scr
imi
nat
ory(
oft
enf
ort
hemi
nor
it
ies)

4.Deat
hpenal
typr
ocedur
esar
eal
lbr
utal

CS.NINOinhiswork'aconsent
ual
theor
yofpuni
shment'
subst
it
utedconsentf
ormor
aldeser
t
asthejust
if
icat
ionofpuni
shmenti
nspecif
ici
ndi
vi
dual
s.

Accordi
ngtohim, puni
shmentcanbejusti
fi
edasaninstit
uti
onforsoci
alprot
ectionanditdoes
notimposeunjusti
fi
abl
eburdenonindi
vidual
s.Onethatcommitsacrimeconsentt o
punishmentbecauseheactedvol
untar
il
ywi t
htheknowledgeoftheconsequencesofhis
acti
ons.Bydoingso,hemustfacethemusic!

#accor
dingt
oBr
adl
ey,
puni
shmenti
spuni
shmentonl
ywheni
tisdeser
ved.

NOTES.

anyt
heoryaboutcapit
alpunishment ,
ifiti
stobeconv inci
ng,mustpr
ov i
deanaccountofhowor
whyiti
srightoratl
eastnoncontingentlyrel
evant,t
hatapersonbekil
ledinvi
rtueofwhathe
hasdone.Thisi
sthejust
if
icator
yr equir
ementt hati
sinter
nalandext
ri
nsictotheconcept
.

NMC'
22