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أتمتة تحويل 1 المخططات الطبوغرافية
أتمتة تحويل 1 المخططات الطبوغرافية
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ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
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ﻡ .ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ
ﺍﻷﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺃﺴﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺭﻑ
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ﺃ.ﺩ.ﻡ .ﻤﻌﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ***
ﺃ.ﺩ.ﻡ .ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ
ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GISﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺴﺘﻴﺭﺍﺩ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﻨـﺘﺞ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ CADﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ،ﻟﻜﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟـﻰ ﻭﻗـﺕ ﻭﺠﻬـﺩ
ﻜﺒﻴﺭﻴﻥ .ﻟﻥ ﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﻤﻔﻴﺩﺍﹰ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ،GISﺨـﺼﻭﺼﺎﹰ
ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ .ﻓﻬل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻴﺔ؟ ﺤﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻹﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﻋﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅل ﻤﻥ
ﺨﻼل ﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ :ﺍﻟﻨﹼﻤﺫﺠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨـﺎﺕ .ﺘﹸﻅﻬـﺭ
ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻁﻼﻕ ،ﺒل ﻟﻬﺎ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻴـﺔ ،ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺇﻥ
ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﺘﺨﺘﺹ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺘﺼﺩﻯ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﻹﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺨـﺭﺍﺌﻁ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﻀﻴﺔ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﹸﺠﻤـﻊ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴـﺎﺕ ) CADﺨـﺭﺍﺌﻁ
ﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﺎﺭﻴﺔ( ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل "ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ" ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﻤل ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ .GISﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻁﺭﺍﺌـﻕ
ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺤﺔ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ ،ﻤﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﺒﻲ ﺤﺎﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔـﺔ .ﻁﹸﺒﻘـﺕ
ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻤﻨﺠﺯﺓ ﺒﻁﺭﺍﺌﻕ ﻤﺴﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ،GISﻭﺘﹸﻅﻬﺭ
ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻭﺓ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻭﻴل ،ﻭﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﻭﻻ ﺘﻐﻔـل ﺃﻴـﺔ
ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ،CADﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﺎﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ.
ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺤﻴﺔ :ﻨﻅﻡ ﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ،ﻨﻅﻡ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ،ﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ،ﻁﺒﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ،ﻏﺭﻀﻲ ،ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
Sﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ ،ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ،ﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻲ ،ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ،ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﻭﻴﺔ ،ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ
ﺃﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﺭﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭﺍﻩ ﻟﻠﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺃﺴﺎﻤﺔ ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ ﺒﺈﺸﺭﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﺭﻴﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺩﺱ ﻤﻌﻥ ﺤﺒﻴﺏ.
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ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
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ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل) (3ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ GISﻭﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ CA
ﺒﺎﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻁﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ .ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ .4ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ :CAD
ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺄﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﻤﻌﻴﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺘﻠﺒﻲ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ
ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GISﻭﺒﺭﺍﻤﺞ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻲ
ﻜﺄﺴﺎﺱ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ،ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺘﹸﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺒﻤﻌﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ CADﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﻯ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ
ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻥ ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺃﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺤﺜﻴﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ،ﻫل ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ
] ،[2ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﺃﻥ ﺘﻘﺩﻡ ﺘﻤﺜﻴﻼﹰ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻴﺔ؟ ﻭﻟﺫﻟﻙ ﻨﹸﻭﻗﺸﹶﺕﹾ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ
ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﺠﺭﺩﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﻭﺍﻗﻊ ) 2ﺒﻌﺩ 3 ،ﺒﻌﺩ( ،ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻡ ﺃﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ):ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ،
ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻲ ،ﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ،ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ( .ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ
ﺍﻟﺒﺩﺍﻴﺔ ﺘﺼﺩﺕ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ
ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ )ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻅﻴﻤﻴﺔ( ﺒﺸﻜل ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻡ ﺒﻤﻌﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺴﺏ ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻨﻅﻡ
ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﺠﺭﺩ ،ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ ) ،(1ﻭﻟﺘﺘﻐﻠﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ CAD ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ،ﻭﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴل ﺍﻵﻟﻲ ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ
ﻤﺤﺩﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ
ﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺘﻀﺎﻑ ﺒﺸﻜل ﺇﻅﻬﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺘﺒﻘﻰ ﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺘﻭﻀﻴﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ.
ﻤﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ ﺒﺎﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﺘﺴﺘﻁﻴﻊ .1.4ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ:
ﺇﺠﺎﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻜﺒﺔ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻴﺎﹰ ،ﻋﻠﻤﺎﹰ ﻴﺘﻌﺩﻯ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺕ
ﺃﻥ ﻜﺜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺴﻴﺅﺩﻱ ﺤﺘﻤﺎﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺘﺸﻭﻴﺵ ﻜﺎﺘﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ) 2ﺒﻌﺩ 3 ،ﺒﻌﺩ( ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁ
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ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ -ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ -ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ -ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ2013 -
ﺼﻭﺭﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺒﺸﻜل ﺤﺭﻜﻲ ﻨﺸﻴﻁ ﺒﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺠﺔ )ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻭﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻁﻁ ،ﻭﻤﻥ ﺜﹶﻡَ ﺘﺅﺩﻱ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺼﻌﻭﺒﺔ ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘﻪ ﻭﻓﻬﻤﻪ،ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﻜﻴﺔ(].[11 ﺤﻴﻥ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ،
ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﹸﺨﹶﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻤﺭﺘﺒﻁﺔ
ﺒﺸﻜل ﻤﺒﺎﺸﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﹸﻅﹾﻬﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) (1ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﻤﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﻭGIS
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ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
ﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻏﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻱ ﻨﻤﻁﺎﹰ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﻘﻁ )ﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺒﺸﺭﻭﻁ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ )ﻤﺜﺎل:
ﻨﻘﻁ ،ﻭﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﺨﻁﻭﻁ ،ﻭﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻤﻀﻠﻌﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ CAD ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﺤﺭﻡ ﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﻟﻤﺴﻴﻼﺕ ﻤﺎﺌﻴﺔ ،ﻴﻨﺠﺯ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ
ﻤﺠﺴﻤﺎﺕ( ﻭﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺭﺴﻡ ﻨﻤﻁﻴﻥ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﻴﻥ ﻫﻨﺩﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻜل ﺴﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺤﺩﺓ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ GISﻓﹶﻴﻨﹾﺠﺯ ﺩﻓﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺃﻨﻅﻤﺔ ﺘﺩﻋﻡ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻀﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺓ( .ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻰ
ﺍﻟﻭﻅﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺱ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺍﻻﺭﺘﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ )ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ( ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻌﻜﺱ ﺒﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺴﻠﻭﻜﺎﹰ
ﺘﺠﺒﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﺼل].[11 ﻤﻨﻁﻘﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺼﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺭﻑ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎﻜﺎﺓ ،ﻤﻤﺎ
ﻴﺘﻴﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺇﺠﺭﺍﺀ ﻤﺴﺎﺀﻻﺕ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺸﺭﻁﻴﺔ )ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
ﻭﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ﻭﺴﻠﻭﻜﻴﺔ(] .[11ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﺍﻟﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ
ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻀﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺇﻥ ﻜل
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ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ -ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ -ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ -ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ2013 -
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ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ] .[11ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﻴﻎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﻴﺔ ﻹﺩﺨﺎل ﺘﻌﺩﻴل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ"،"Vector ﺒﺎﻟﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻓﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺘﻔﺼل ﺒﻴﻥ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻲ" ("Rasterﻭﻟﻜل ﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺓ ﻻ
ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ ﻭﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﺭﻀﻬﺎ، ﻭﺍﻨﻁﻼﻗﺎﹰ ﻤﻥ ﺘﻨﺴﺤﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ ].[10
ﻭﻫﻨﺎ ﺘﻨﻔﺭﺩ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﺒﻤﻴﺯﺓ GIS ﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻴﺘﺒﻴﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ
ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺯﺍﻤﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺩﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻀﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻤﻌﻅﻡ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺭﻴﺤﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺤل ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻀﺎﺕ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﹰ ﺃﺴﺎﺴﻴﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻠﻴﻥ
ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺩﻤﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺼﻼﺤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺩﻴل ،ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ )ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﻲ( ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ] ،.[11ﻓﻲ ﺤﻴﻥ
ﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺨﻠﻴﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺜﹶﻡ ﻴﻭﻓﱢﺭ ﺍﻟﻭﻗﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ،ﺒﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ CADﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴل
ﺁﺨﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻁ ،ﻓﻤﺜﻼﹰ ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﺃﺭﺽ ﻤﺜﻠﻰ
ﺭﻗﻡ ) ،(5ﺘﺴﺎﻋﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺠﻤﻊ ﻭﻜﻡ ﻀﺨﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺘﻨﺎﺴﺏ ﺇﻨﺸﺎﺀ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻋﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﺠﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﹸﺤﺘﹶﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ
ﻭﺘﺩﻗﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﺒﺄﺸﻜﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ. [11] . )ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ،ﻭﺃﺴﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻁﻴﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺭﺍﻨﻲ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭﻩ( ﺃﻭ
-ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ: ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻤﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻁﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﺍﻻﺸﺘﺭﺍﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ
CAD ﺒﻌﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺩﺭﹺﺴﺕﹾ ﻭﺤﻠﱢﻠﹶﺕﹾ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ،ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﹸﻌﺭﺽ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ
ﻭ GISﻭﻫل ﻫﻲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ؟ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﻜل ﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﻭﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻏﺭﻀﻴﺔ .
ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻵﺘﻴﺔ) :ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ .5.4ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ:
ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ(، ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ GISﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ
ﻴﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﻠﺨﺹ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ﺭﻗﻡ )،(4 RDBMS: Relational Database Management ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ)
ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻅﻬﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﻴﺴﺕ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ، (Systemﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل )ﺃﻋﻤﺩﺓ
ﻓﻜل ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺒﺨﺼﺎﺌﺹ ﺘﺤﺩﺩ ﻤﺠﺎل ﺍﻟﻌﻤل ﻭﺤﻘﻭل( ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﺎﺭﺱ ﻭﻜﺎﺌﻨﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺨﺭﻯ،ﻫﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺏ )ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ :CADﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ، - ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤل ﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ )ﺇﺩﺨﺎل -ﻭﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ
ﻭﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ :GISﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﻭﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ( ،ﺍﻷﻤﺭ ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻔﻲ ﻭﻋﺭﺽ( ،ﻓﻬﻲ ﺘﻔﻴﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ
ﺃﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻻ ﺒل ﻫﻲ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ ،ﺇِﺫﹾ ﺘﺴﺘﺨﺩﻡ ﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ
ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺘﻜﺎﻤﻠﻴﺔ ،ﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﻤﻥ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ) (X,Y,Zﻭﺠﺩﺍﻭل ﺒﺴﻴﻁﺔ
CAD ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺘﺠﻤﻊ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺨﺯﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻔﻴﺔ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﺒﻨﻰ ﻤﻴﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ
ﻭﺘﺠﺭﻱ ﺘﺭﻗﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ. ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻌﻼﻡ ﻟﻐﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻜﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ
) ،(SQL: Structured Query Languageﻭﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻤﻥ
88
ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ -ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ -ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ -ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ2013 -
ﺍﻟﺸﻜل) (5ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻨﻅﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺩﻋﻭﻤﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ArcGISﺒﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ
ﻤﺤﺭﻙ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻲ )ArcSDE(Spatial Data Engine
Source : www.esri.com
89
ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
ﻭﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺫﻟﻙ ﻁﹸﻭﺭﺕﹾ ﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺘﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺨل ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ؛ ﻭﺫﻟﻙ ﻭﻓﻕ
ArcGIS ﺘﺤﺕ ﻤﻨﺼﺔ ﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ArcObjectﻟﺒﺭﻨﺎﻤﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﺴﻴﺎﺒﻲ ﺍﻵﺘﻲ ،ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺭﻗﻡ ):(6
90
ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ -ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ -ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ -ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ2013 -
ﺍﻟﺠﺩﻭل ) :(5ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺩﻭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻁﺭﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺘﺭﺤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﺍﺤﻲ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ
ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻫﻴل ﻋﺩﺩ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻋﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﺯﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ
)ﺴﺎﻋﺔ( ﺍﻟﻠﻭﺤﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ )ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ( ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻫﻴل ﺍﻟﻭﺴﻁﻲ ﻟﻠﻭﺤﺔ
)ﺴﺎﻋﺔ( )ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ(
4.675 255 1.1 55.25 255 13 ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ 1
/ DWG /
0.24 12 1.2 2.8 12 14 ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ 2
/ DGN /
0.15 9 1 1.8 9 12 ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ 3
DWG //
ﻨﻅﻡ ،GISﻭﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﺘﻠﺨﻴﺹ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻭ ﺘﺘﻁﻠﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺨﻭﺍﺭﺯﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻭﺭﺓ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻤﻌﺎﻴﻴﺭ ﻴﺠﺏ
ﺍﻵﺘﻲ: ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺯﺍﻡ ﺒﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩ ﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ،CADﺒﺤﻴﺙ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ
• ﺍﻟﺭﺴﻡ ﺒﺎﻟﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﻠﻘﺔ )ﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺇﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺭﻤﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺘﺠﻬﻴﺯ ﺸﺭﺍﺌﺢ ﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ
ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ(. ﻭﺘﺄﻫﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺌﻘﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻴﺌﺔ
91
ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ CADﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ GIS
92
ﺩﺭﻭﻴﺵ -ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺭﻱ -ﺤﺒﻴﺏ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻭﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺴﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺸﺭﻭﻥ -ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ2013 -
93
GIS ﺇﻟﻰ ﻗﻭﺍﻋﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔCAD ﺃﺘﻤﺘﺔ ﺘﺤﻭﻴل ﺍﻟﺨﺭﺍﺌﻁ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺒﺼﻴﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ
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