You are on page 1of 8

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 1: PHONETICS

(PRONUNCIATION AND STRESS)

Thử phát âm những âm sau. Hàng trên và hang dưới khác gì nhau?

Phụ âm: Vô thanh

Phụ âm: Hữu thanh

A. Phát âm

1. Cách phát âm đuôi –ED

/ id / /t/ /d/
t, d ch, p, k, sh, s, f, x Còn lại
/p/, /k/, /f/, /θ/, /s/, /∫/, /t∫/
wanted, decided stopped, kicked, laughed, loved, delivered
missed, watched, washed, fixed

Thử phát âm những từ sau:

 Wanted /ˈwɑːntɪd/
 Added /ædɪd/
 Hoped /hoʊpt/
 Coughed /kɔːft:
 Fixed /fɪkst/
 Washed /wɔːʃt/
 Catched /kætʃt/
 Asked /æskt/
 Cried /kraɪd/
 Smiled /smaɪld/
 Played /pleɪd/
 Cried /kraɪd/
 Smiled /smaɪld/
 Played /pleɪd/
Đuôi “-ed” trong các động từ sau khi sử dụng như tính từ sẽ được phát âm là /ɪd/ bất luận “ed” sau âm
gì:

 Aged
 Blessed
 Crooked
 Dogged
 Learned
 Naked
 Ragged
 Wicked
 Wretched
E.g:

 An aged man /ɪd/


 A blessed nuisance /ɪd/
 A dogged persistence /ɪd/
 A learned professor – the professor, who was truly learned /ɪd/
 A wretched beggar – the beggar was wretched /ɪd/

The Fox and the Grapes

One afternoon, a fox was walking through the forest and spotted a bunch of grapes hanging from a lofty
branch. “Just the thing to quench my thirst,” said the fox.

Taking a few steps back, the fox jumped and just missed the hanging grapes. Again, the fox took a few
paces back and tried to reach them, but still failed.

Finally, giving up, the fox turned up his nose and said, “They’re probably sour anyway.” Then he walked
away.

Tick the correct box


/ɪd/ /t/ /d/
1. moved x
2. carried X
3. educated X
4. confided X
5. concerned X
6. attracted X
7. coughed X
8. changed X
9. hoped X
10. waited X
11. called X
12. ranged X
13. invited X
14. employed X
15. decided X
16. wished X
17. searched X
18. guessed X
19. moved X
20. carried X
21. entertained X

2. Cách phát âm đuôi –S, -ES

/ iz / /s/ /z/
ce, ge, ch, x, sh, s, z p, t, k, f, gh, th Còn lại
/s/, /z/, /∫/, /t∫/, /ʒ/ và /dʒ/ /p/, /k/, /f/, /t/, /θ/
boxes , misses , quizzes , lamps , laughs , books , sits , teachers , studies , explains
practices, changes , watches , months schools
washes

Thử phát âm những từ sau:

 CE: races (sounds like “race-iz”)

 S: pauses, nurses, buses, rises

 X: fixes, boxes, hoaxes

 Z: amazes, freezes, prizes, quizzes

 SS: kisses, misses, passes, bosses

 CH: churches, sandwiches, witches, teaches

 SH: dishes, wishes, pushes, crashes


 GE: garages, changes, ages, judges

 P: cups, stops, sleeps


 T: hats, students, hits, writes
 K: cooks, books, drinks, walks
 F: cliffs, sniffs, beliefs, laughs, graphs, apostrophes (phụ âm “-gh” và “-ph” ở đây được phát âm
như F)
 TH: myths, tablecloths, months
 D: cards, words, rides, ends
 G: rugs, bags, begs
 L: deals calls, falls, hills
 M: plums, dreams
 N: fans, drains, runs, pens
 NG: kings, belongs, sings
 R: wears, cures
 V: gloves, wives, shelves, drives
 Y: plays, boys, says
 Nguyên âm: sees, fleas

Seasons

Between the months of November and May a wind blows from the west in most parts of Indonesia. It
comes from the ocean and carries rain. Clouds build up around the mountains, and every afternoon rain
falls.

The rain is always heavy, and rivers that can be walked across in the dry season now become dangerous.
When it rains the whole day, they may suddenly overflow and cause great damage to the land.

Most farmers are glad when wet season begins. There is water for their fields and they can again start
growing rice. But people in town are not so glad because the streets soon get muddy and dirty. They
prefer the dry season when they can sit outside and enjoy the cool evenings.

Tick the correct box


/ɪz/ /s/ /z/
1. thinks X
2. arranges X
3. invites X
4. knows X
5. uses X
6. watches X
7. drops X
8. coughs X
9. organizes X
10. plays X
11. leaves X
12. hats X
13. goes X
14. depths X
15. clothes X
16. washes X
17. dates X
18. photographs X
19. learns X
20. boxes X
3. Điểm chung của những âm được gạch chân là gì?

Limb /lɪm/: bờ, rìa  Climb, comb, bomb, crumb

Debt /det/: nợ  Doubt (v) nghi ngờ, subtle (a) nhẹ nhàng

Muscle /ˈmʌs.l ̩/: cơ bắp  Sc: Scissors, fascinate (v) thu hút

Wednesday /ˈwenz.deɪ/: Thứ Tư  Sandwich, handkerchief (n) khăn tay, handsome >< handmade

Sign /saɪn/: dấu hiệu  Foreigner (n) người nước ngoài, foreign language (adj)

Hour /aʊər/: giờ  Honour (n) danh đự, Honest (adj) -> Honesty (n), What, ......

Knee /niː/: mắt cá chân  Knight, know (v)  knowledge (n) kiến thức, knife
Island /ˈaɪ.lənd/: hòn đảo

Guidance /ˈɡaɪ.dəns/: chỉ dẫn, chỉ đạo

FINAL PRACTICE: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from
the rest

1. A. idiom B. ideal C. item D. identical

2. A. children B. child C. mild D. wild

3. A. Both /θ/, B. myth C. with D. sixth

4. A. helped B. booked C. hoped D. waited

5. A. looked B. watched C. stopped D. carried

6. A. study B. success C. surprise D. sugar

7. A. danger B. angry C. language D. passage

8. A. neighbor B. favorite C. culture D. tourist

9. A. hobby B. hour C. hotel D. hot

10. A. lamp B. place C. grape D. paper

11. A. Sunday B. June C. number D. hunter

12. A. bop B. comb C. stop D. shop

13. A. parks B. cars C. lemons D. dogs

14. A. image B. manage C. shortage (n) sự thiếu hụt; short of money: thiếu D.
‘temperature

15. A. arrived B. helped C. returned D. remembered


16. A. geology B. psychology C. classify D. photography

B. TRỌNG ÂM

Trọng âm chỉ rơi vào những âm tiết mạnh (âm tiết chứa nguyên âm mạnh, nguyên âm đôi hoặc nguyên
âm dài).

1. Đa số động từ có 2 âm tiết có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2:

Eg: escape, forget, begin, accept....

Tuy nhiên có một số động từ ngoại lệ:

promise, answer, enter, offer, listen, happen, open.

2. Đa số danh từ và tính từ 2 âm tiết có trọng âm chính rơi và âm tiết thứ 1:

Eg: butcher, standard, busy, handsome, …

Ngoại lệ: machine /i:/, mistake, alone, aware, ...

3. Một số từ vừa là danh từ, vừa là động từ có trọng âm chính không đổi:

Advice, advise, visit, reply, travel, promise, picture, …

4. Trọng âm rơi vào các hậu tố - ee- eer- ese - ain- aire- ique, -oo, -oon

degree, referee - engineer, pioneer - Vietnamese, Japanese – contain /ei/, remain - millionaire,
questionaire – technique /i:/, unique, bamboo /u:/, typhoon/, fourteen

5. Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước các hậu tố - tion- sion- ic - ical- ian - ity- itive – logy – graphy

- pro’tection, con’dition – de’cision, im’pression – eco’nomic, scien’tific – po’litical, e’lectrical –


mu’sician, po’litician – ne’cessity, a’bility – ‘sensitive, com’petitive – psy’chology, ge’ography

6. Các từ kết thúc bằng – ate, -ize, – cy, -ty, -phy, -gy, ... nếu 2 âm tiết thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ
nhất. Nếu từ có từ 3 âm tiết trở lên thì trọng âm nhấn vào âm tiết thứ 3 từ cuối lên.

Ví dụ: Com’municate /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/, ‘regulate /ˈreɡ.jə.leɪt/, ‘classmate /ˈklɑːs.meɪt/, tech’nology /tek


ˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/, e’mergency /ɪˈmɜː.dʒən.si/, ‘certainty /ˈsɜː.tən.ti/, bi’ology /baɪˈɒl.ə.dʒi/, pho’tography /fə
ˈtɒɡ.rə.fi/,…

7. Với danh từ ghép, thì thường đánh trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ nhất: ‘household, ‘greenhouse, ..

FINAL PRACTICE: Choose the word whose main stress is pronounced differently from the
rest

1. A. Pol’lute B. con’tractual C. re’ject D. ‘marvelous


2. A. Me’chanic2 B. ‘military1 C. a’pologize2 D. mi’raculous2

3. A. Com’pulsory (adj) bắt buộc B. in’tensity C. ‘kidding D. in’valuable

‘Value (n) giá trị

‘Valuable (adj) có giá trị

In’valuable (adj) vô giá

4. A. ‘nursery B. ‘focus (v, n) tập trung C. ‘delicate D. se’cure

5. A. Cur’riculum B. ‘kindergarten C. con’taminate D. con’ventional

6. A. A’pology B. in’dustrial C. ‘industry D. di’saster

7. A. ‘interview B. cer’tificate C. ‘applicant D. ‘primary

Ap’ply (v)

‘Applicant (n)

8. A. Cer’tificate B. a’partment C. indi’vidual D. bi’ology

9. A. Scien’tific B. a’vailable C. sus’picious D. sup’portive

10. A. E’specially B. ‘comfortably C. ‘carefully D. ‘possibly

‘Comfort (n)

‘Comfortable (adj)

‘Possible  Im’possible  Possi’bility

11. A. Con’sumer B. oc’casion C. di’saster D. ‘festival

Con’sume (v)

12. A. Re’port B. ‘practice C. ‘center D. ‘language

13. A. Ad’mire B. ‘gather C. de’sign D. com’prise (v) bao


gồm, gồm có

14. A. ‘teacher B. ‘college: cao đẳng C. pro’fessor D. ‘lecture

15. A. Re’vision B. de’cision C. grocery D. col’lection

16. A. Bam’boo B. for’get C. de’serve D. ‘channel

You might also like