ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEMS

Subject Code : A70226

Regulations : R15 - JNTUH
Class : IV Year B.Tech EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS (A70226)

COURSE PLANNER
I. COURSE OVERVIEW
This course gives the complete knowledge of electrical distribution systems, the design of
feeders, substations. It also gives conceptual knowledge on how to determine the

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 1

 performance of a distribution system through its important parameters i.e voltage drops and
power losses and very important thing that protection of the system by means of protective
devices and their co-ordination during the several fault conditions. It also specifies how to
improve the voltage profiles and power factor of the system to better value using various
voltage control and compensation techniques.
II. PRE REQUISITES:
The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand the subject:
1. Power Systems-I
2. Power Systems-II
III. COURSE OBJECTIVE:
1 To know about practical electrical distribution system and its necessity in the real
world.
2 To make the students to do research or projects them self.
IV. COURSE OUTCOMES:
At the end of the course the student will be in a position to –
S. No Description Bloom’s taxonomy level
Student will be able to uunderstand the general Knowledge, Understand
1
aspects of electrical distribution system (Level 1, Level 2)
Student will be able to design and analysis of Knowledge, Understand
2
distribution feeders and substations (Level 1, Level 2)
Student will be able to understand the need for
Knowledge, Apply
3 protection and various coordination procedures of
(Level 1, Level 3)
the protecting devices
Student will be able to understand the significance of
Apply, Evaluate
4 voltage drop and power loss in the distribution
(Level 3, Level 5)
system
Student will be able to understand the need for
Apply, Analyze, Evaluate
5 controlling the PF, Voltage and Power and the
(Level 3, Level 4, Level 5)
equipment used for mitigating them.
V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the
knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an Assignments,
3
engineering specialization to the Mock tests
solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify,
formulate, review research literature,
Assignments,
and analyze complex engineering 2
Mock tests
problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 2

 mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.

PO3 Design/development of solutions:

Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design
system components or processes that
Assignments,
meet the specified needs with 2
Mock tests
appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex
problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods
Assignments,
including design of experiments, 2
Mock tests
analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select,
and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering
Assignments,
and IT tools including prediction 1
Mock tests
and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply
reasoning informed by the
contextual knowledge to assess
Assignments,
societal, health, safety, legal and 1
Mock tests
cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability:
Understand the impact of the
professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, - -
and demonstrate the knowledge of,
and need for sustainable
development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and
commit to professional ethics and
- -
responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.

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 PO9 Individual and team work:
Function effectively as an
individual, and as a member or - -
leader in diverse teams, and in
multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate
effectively on complex engineering
activities with the engineering
community and with society at large,
such as, being able to comprehend - -
and write effective reports and
design documentation, make
effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: -
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering
and management principles and
-
apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the
need for, and have the preparation
and ability to engage in independent - -
and life-long learning in the broadest
context of technological change.
- : None
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High)

VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED

Program Specific Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PSO1 Talented to analyze, design and
implement electrical & electronics
systems and deal with the rapid pace 1 Assignments,
of industrial innovations and Internships, Projects
developments
PSO2 Skillful to use application and
control techniques for research and Assignments,
1
advanced studies in Electrical and Projects
Electronics engineering domain

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 4

VII. COURSE CONTENT:
JNTUH SYLLABUS

UNIT – I:

INTRODUCTION & GENERAL CONCEPTS:

Introduction to distribution systems, Load modeling and characteristics. Coincidence factor,

contribution factor loss factor - Relationship between the load factor and loss factor.
Classification of loads: Residential, commercial, Agricultural and Industrial loads and their
characteristics.
UNIT II:
DISTRIBUTION FEEDERS&SUBSTATIONS:
Design Considerations of Distribution Feeders: Radial and loop types of primary feeders,
voltage levels, feeder loading; basic design practice of the secondary distribution system.
SUBSTATIONS: Rating of distribution substation, service area within primary feeders.
Benefits derived through optimal location of substations.
UNIT – III:
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ANALYSIS:
Voltage drop and power-loss calculations: Derivation for voltage drop and power loss in
lines, manual methods of solution for radial networks, three phase balanced primary lines.
UNIT –IV:
PROTECTIVE DEVICES & CO-ORDINATION:
Objectives of distribution system protection, types of common faults and procedure for fault
calculations.
Protective Devices: Principle of operation of Fuses, Circuit Reclosures and line
sectionalizes, and circuit breakers.
Coordination of Protective Devices: General coordination procedure.
UNIT – V:
VOLTAGE CONTROL & POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT:
Equipment for voltage control, effect of series capacitors, line drop Compensation, effect of
AVB/AVR, Power factor control using different types of power capacitors, shunt and series
Capacitors, effect of shunt capacitors (Fixed and Switched), capacitor allocation- Economic
Justification-Procedure to determine the best capacitor location.
GATE SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE
IES SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
TEXT BOOK:
1. Electrical Power Distribution Systems, V.Kamaraju, TMH
2. Electrical Distribution Systems, Dr.S.Siva naga raju, Dr.K.Shankar. Danapathi Rai
Publications.
REFERENCES:
3. Electrical Power Distribution System Engineering, Turan Gonen, CRC Press.
4. Electrical Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution, SN Singh, PHI Publications.

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 5

VIII. LESSON PLAN-COURSE SCHEDULE:
Lectu Course learning
Week
re TOPIC outcomes Reference
No.
No.
UNIT –I
1. Introduction to distribution systems Define
Distribution
systems
2. Load modeling Know about load
1 modeling
3. Load characteristics Distinguish the
load characteristics
4. Coincidence factor, contribution factor loss Analyze different
factor - Relationship between the load factor factors
and loss factor. Text
5. Distinguish the Book:1,3
Classification of loads
loads
6. Residential, commercial loads and their Understanding
2 characteristics. the loads and their
7. Agricultural and Industrial loads and their characteristics
characteristics.
8. Numerical Problems Applying factors
9. Numerical Problems for calculations.
10. Numerical Problems
3
11. Review of Unit-I ____
Mock Test – I ____
UNIT-2
12. Bridge Class -2 ____
13. Introduction to distribution system, sub Distinguish the
transmission system sub transmission
14. 4 Types of sub transmission systems systems
15. Design Considerations of Distribution Understanding Text
Feeders the Book:1,3
Radial and loop types of primary feeders Primary feeders
16. Voltage levels, feeder loading Analyze the effect
of voltage levels
5 and loadings on
feeders
17. Basic design practice of the secondary Understanding

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 distribution system. the
Secondary
distribution
systems
18. Substations Distinguish the
19. Types of substation bus schemes sub stations
schemes Text
Rating of distribution substation Book:1,3
20. Square and hexagonal shaped service area
within primary feeders Analyze different
21. n primary feeder service area, comparison substation service
of four and six feeder service area areas
22. Derivation of K constant
6
23. Analyze benefits
Benefits derived through optimal location of through optimal
substations location of sub
stations
Bridge Class - 3 ___
UNIT-3
24. Voltage drop and power-loss calculations
25. Voltage drop and power-loss calculations Analyze and
26. evaluate voltage
Voltage drop and power-loss calculations
7 drop and power
27. Derivation for voltage drop and power loss
loss calculations of
in lines different feeders
Derivation for voltage drop and power loss
in lines Text
28. Bridge Class - 4 ____ Book:1,2,3
29. Manual methods of solution for radial Analyze and
networks evaluate voltage
30. drop and power
8 Manual methods of solution for radial
loss calculations of
networks
different feeders
31. Revision ____
Revision
I Mid Examinations (Week 9)
UNIT-3 (CONT)
32. Three phase balanced primary lines Analyze and
33. Three phase balanced primary lines evaluate voltage
drop and power Text
10 Book:1,2,3
loss calculations of
three phase feeders
34. Numerical Problems Evaluate
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 7
 35. voltage drop and
power loss
Numerical Problems
calculations of
different feeders
Bridge Class - 5 _____
UNIT-4
36. Objectives of distribution system protection Differentiate
37. Types of common faults different types of
38. 11 faults and its
Procedure for fault calculations
calculations Text
39. Protective Devices
_____ Book:1,3,4
Bridge Class # 6
40. Principle of operation of Fuses Distinguish
41. Circuit Reclosures different types of
42. 12 protective devices
line sectionalizes
43. Circuit breakers
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 7 ______
Text
44. Coordination of Protective Devices Analyze the
Book:1,3,4
45. Coordination of Protective Devices coordination of
46. 13 protective devices
Coordination of Protective Devices
47. General coordination procedure
Mock Test - II ____
UNIT-5
48. Tutorial / Bridge Class # 8
49. Classify different
Effect of series and shunt compensation types of capacitors
50. Distinguish
14 Methods of voltage control voltage control
techniques
51. Effect of series capacitors
Effect of shunt capacitors (Fixed and Text
Switched) Book:1,3,4
52. Power factor control using different types of
power capacitors Analyze the effect
53. Power factor control using different types of of capacitors on
power capacitors PF correction
15
54. Computerized method for power factor
correction
55. Procedure to determine the best capacitor
location

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 Economic justification of capacitors Evaluate and
56. Mathematical procedure for optimal justify capacitor
capacitor location location
57. Mathematical procedure for optimal
16 capacitor location
58. Line drop Compensation Analyze and
59. Effect of AVB/AVR distinguish types
of voltage
Types of voltage regulators regulators
60. MATLAB Examples Solving
61. distribution
MATLAB Examples systems problems
62. 17
Revision
63. Revision ____
Revision
II Mid Examinations (Week 18)

IX.MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF

PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Program
Specific
Program Outcomes (PO)
Outcomes

Outcomes
Course

(PSO)

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO1 2 - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 1
CO2 2 1 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 2 1 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 2
CO4 2 2 1 2 1 2 - - - - - - 2 2
CO5 3 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - 2 3
Avg 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.4 - - - - - - 2 2

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) -:None

IX. QUESTION BANK: (JNTUH)

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Define the following terms: Knowledge 1
a) Loss factor b) Contribution factor c) Utilization factor.

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 9

 2 Derive the relationship between the load factor and loss Apply 1
factor?
3 Explain the concept on Residential load? Understand 1
4 What are the characteristics of Agricultural Load? Knowledge 1
5 What are the different types of load in distribution Knowledge 1
system?
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Give the classification of loads and draw their Knowledge 1
characteristics?
2 A load of 100 kW is connected at the riverside substation. Evaluate 1
The 15 min. weekly Maximum demand is given by 75
kW and the weekly energy consumption is 4200kWh. Find
the demand factor, the 15 min. weekly load factor of the
Substation and its associate loss factor?
3 The input to a sub-transmission system is 87.6x106 kWh Evaluate 1
annually. On the Peak load day of the year the peak
is 25000kW and the energy input on that day is 3x10 6
kWh. Find the load factors for the year and for the
peak load?
4 Discuss the load modeling and its characteristics? Analyze 1
5 Derive a relationship between load factor and loss factor? Analyze 1
6 Discuss the objectives of distribution planning? Analyze 1
7 What is meant by the term load? How loads can be Knowledge 1
classified and explain?
8 The annual peak load of substation is 3500kW. The annual Evaluate 1
energy supplied to the Primary feeder circuit is
20x106 kWh. Find: (i) The annual average power demand
(ii) The annual load factor.
9 What is meant by the term load? How loads can be Knowledge 1
classified and explain?
10 Explain the following terms: a) Maximum demand b) Knowledge 1
Load factor c) Diversity factor d) Demand factor.
UNIT-II
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain design consideration of radial type feeders? Knowledge 2
2 Discuss the basic difference among the radial loop type Knowledge 2
and network type of primary distribution feeders.

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 10

 3 Give a neat sketch of typical primary distribution system Knowledge 2
and specify parts of it?
4 How do you fix the rating of distribution sub-station Analyze 2
explain? What is feeder loading?
6 What are the different types of load in distribution Knowledge 2
system?
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What are the various factors that are to be considered in Knowledge 2
selecting sub-station location?
2 Give the various loading and voltage level factors that Knowledge 2
influence the design and Operation of primary feeder?
3 Explain benefits derived through optimal location of Understand 2
substations?
4 Discuss the various voltage levels of distribution system? Create 2
5 Discuss design considerations of distribution feeders? Create 2
6 What are the types of basic distribution system explain? Knowledge
7 How do you analyze a substation service area with “n” Analyze 2
primary feeders?
8 A 3-phase radial express feeder has a line-to-line voltage Evaluate 2
of 30 kV at the receiving end, a total impedance of (5+ j
11) /phase and a load of 6 Mw with a lagging P.f. of 0.92.
Determine the line-to-line voltages at the sending end and
the Percentage voltage regulation of the feeder?
9 Explain design consideration of loop type and network Evaluate 2
type distribution feeder and also compare them?
10 (a) Compare four and six feeder patterns? Understand 2
(b) Mention the various factors that are to be considered in
selecting the location of substation?
11 Design the basic practice of the secondary distribution Create 2
system?
UNIT-III
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the manual methods of solution for radial Evaluate 4
networks?
2 Describe briefly three phase balanced primary lines? Analyze 4
3 Write the derivation for the voltage drop? Analyze 4
4 What are the power loss calculations in distribution Knowledge 4
system analysis?
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 11
 5 Define the power loss and why it is more in distribution Knowledge 4
system compare to transmission System?
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Derive an approximate voltage drop equation of primary Evaluate 4
feeder and give the condition for
Load power factor when voltage drop is maximum.
2 Prove the power loss due to the load currents in the Evaluate 4
conductors of single phase lateral ungrounded neutral
case in two times larger than one in the equivalent three
phase lateral.
3 Prove that the power loss due to load currents in the Evaluate 4
conductors of the single phase of two
Wire ungrounded lateral with full capacity neutral is 6
times larger than the one in the
Equivalent three phase 4- wire lateral.
4 Consider a three phase 3-wire 400Volts secondary system Evaluate 4
with balanced loads at A, B&C shown in fig. Determine:
a) Calculate the total voltage drop? b) Calculate real
power per phase for each load?
5 (a) Calculate reactive power per phase for each load? Evaluate 4
(b) Calculate the KVA output and the load power factor of
the distribution transformer?
6 (a) Derive the expression for voltage drop and power loss Evaluate 4
for non-three phase System?
(b) Show that power loss due to load currents in the
conductors of equivalent three phase lateral is
approximately 1/1.64 times the two phase 3 wire lateral
with multi grounded Neutral.
7 A 1-phase feeder circuit has total impedance (1+j3) ohms, Evaluate 4
receiving end voltage is 11 kV and current is 50L-30 deg
A. Determine:
(a) p.f. of load? (b) Load p.f. for which the drop is
maximum.
(c) Load p.f. for which impedance angle is maximum and
derive the formula used?
A 3-phase radial express feeder has a line-to-line voltage Evaluate 4
of 30 kV at the receiving end, a total impedance of (5+ j
8 11) /phase and a load of 6 Mw with a lagging p.f. of 0.92.
Determine the line-to-line voltages at the sending end and
the percent voltage regulation of the feeder?

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 12

UNIT-4
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What are the advantages and disadvantages of a circuit Knowledge 3
Recloser?
2 Explain Fuse-Recloser coordination procedure? Evaluate 3
3 What is a protecting device? Knowledge 3
4 Write briefly about the principle of operation of Line Knowledge 3
sectionalizes?
5 Explain Recloser- Circuit breaker coordination Understand 3
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Questions Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What are the main objectives of distribution protection Knowledge 3
system? Discuss with the examples?
2 Write briefly about the principle of operation of Knowledge 3
i) Fuses ii) Circuit enclosure?
3 Explain different types of over current protective devices Understand 3
with neat diagrams
4 What are the different types of over current protective Knowledge 3
devices and explain their Merits and demerits?
5 Obtain the sequence impedance computed for a L-L and Evaluate 3
L-G faults. Compare the magnitude of fault current in
both cases?
6 What are the main objectives of distribution protection co- Knowledge 3
ordination system? Discuss with the examples?
7 Explain the general co-ordination Procedure of protective Understand 3
devices in radial distribution Systems?
8 What is the data required for the general coordination Knowledge 3
procedure?
Explain Fuse-Circuit breaker coordination
9 (a) Define coordination? Knowledge 3
(b) Explain recloser-recloser coordination. Evaluate
UNIT-5
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the causes and effects of low power factor? Understand 5
2 Discuss the effect of series capacitors on voltage control? Evaluate 5

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 3 Describe the operation of AVR/AVB with neat diagram? Knowledge 5
4 Write the differences between the shunt and series Understand 5
capacitors?
5 Explain different types of power capacitors? Understand 5
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Why voltage control and p.f. correction are necessary in Knowledge 5
distribution systems? What are the disadvantages of low
voltage and low p.f. of the system?
2 How do you determine the best capacitor location and Knowledge 5
explain?
3 Compare and explain the role of shunt and series Understand 5
capacitors in P.F. correction.
A 440V, 50 cycle’s three phase line delivers200KW at
0.6 p.f. (lag). It is desired to bring the line p.f. to unity by
installing shunt capacitors. Calculate the capacitance if
they are: (i) star connected (ii) delta connected?

4 Explain different types of power capacitors? Understand 5

5 Explain economic justification and procedure of location Understand 5
of capacitors in distribution Systems?
6 Explain methods of power factor improvement in Understand 5
distribution systems?
7 Describe different types of equipment for voltage control Knowledge 5
with neat diagrams.
8 Explain effect of series capacitor and AVR on voltage Understand 5
control
9 Explain the basic functions of booster transformer and Understand 5
how it increases the Line voltage.
10 Describe different types of equipment for voltage control Knowledge 5
with neat diagrams.
11 What is a line drop compensator? How is it used along Knowledge 5
with tap changer of Transformer for voltage control?
12 Explain the use of induction regulator and voltage Evaluate 5
control?
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
JNTUH:

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 14

UNIT-1
1. For economy in generation power
(a) Diversity factor should be high (b) Plant utilization factor should be Low
(c) Load factor should be high (d) Load factor and diversity factor should be low.
2. Which of the following category of consumers can provide highest load factor?
(a) A domestic consumer (b) A continuous process plant
(c) A steel melting unit using arc furnace (d) A cold storage plant.
3. The load of a consumer is generally measured in terms of
(a) Volts (b) Amperes (c) Ampere hour (d) KW.
4. The normal connected load of a domestic consumer is usually
(a) up to 10 kW (b) 10 to 20 kW (c) 25 to 50 kW (d) 50 to 100 kW.
5. Load factor during a period is
(a) Average Load / Installed Capacity (b) Average Load / Maximum Load
(c) Maximum Load / Average Load (d) Maximum Load / Installed Capacity.
1. _________ plant can never have 100% load factor.
2. A Load curve is a plot of Load Vs____________.
3. In a system if the base load is the same as the maximum demand, the load factors will
be___________________.
4. The ratio, maximum demand of the installation / sum of individual maximum demands is
known as______________.
5. Load due to ceiling fans is nearly___________.
UNIT-2
1. Which is the most expensive bus bar scheme?
(a) Single bus bar scheme (b) Ring bus bar scheme
(c) Double bus bar double breaker (d) Main and transfer scheme.
2. The permissible voltage variation in transmission and distribution system is
(a) ± 0.1% (b) ± 1% (c) ±10% (d) ± 25%.
3. Which distribution system is more reliable?
(a) Ring main system (b) Tree system (c) Radial system (d) All are equally reliable.
4. Out of the following systems of distribution, which system offers the best economy?
(a) Direct current system (b) AC single phase system
(c) AC 3 phase 3 wire system (d) AC 3 phase 4 wire system
5. Step-up substations are associated with
Distributors, Consumer location, concentrated load, generating stations.
6. _________ conductors, which connect the consumer’s terminals to distribution.
7. _________ DC Distribution system is the simplest and lowest in first cost.
8. The voltage of the single phase supply to residential consumer is __________.
9. The distributors for residential areas are ______________ wire system.
10. Distribution lines in India generally use _____________ poles.
UNIT-3
1. In a 3 wire D.C distribution system, the ground point is
(a) Positive pole (b) Negative pole (c) Midpoint (d) Any one
2. Single phase AC distribution with midpoint ground is used for
(a)Rural low voltage systems (b) Agricultural loads (c) Urban street light (d) All the three above

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 15

3. Standard 3 phase 4 wires L.T distribution in India is
(a) 230 V 3Ph (b) 400 V 3Ph (c) 11 KV 3Ph (d) 3.3 KV 3Ph
4. The line impedance angle and load p.f angle are both 30 deg. If %VD is 5, what will be
the power loss%?
(a) Zero (b) 2.5 (c) 1.0 (d) 5.0
5. In case of unbalanced 3Ph 4 wire system %VD is
(a) Same as in case of 3Ph balanced system (b) It should estimated for each phase
(c) Not possible to estimate (d) To be solved as a network problem
6. Ring feeders will have %VD __________.
7. For a 3 wire DC system the midpoint or ground potential can be __________.
8. The current in the 3rd or ground wire in 3 wire DC system will be _________.
9. The relation between %VD and power loss in 3ph balanced AC distribution is ________.
10. When motor loads are connected through cables and distributors, while estimating % VD
____________ should and considered.
UNIT -4
1. Fuse protection is employed for current ratings of
(a) Less than 50 (b) 50-100 A (c) 500-300 A (d) 5-300 A
2. Recloser is device used for
(a) Blowing of fuses (b) As a back up to fuses
(c) For operating and automatically closing the circuit for temporary faults.
(d) Replacement of CBS
3. A relay is used in distribution circuits to
(a) Sense the fault (b) Trip the circuit
(c) act as a backup device in protection (d) None of the above
4. Surge diverter consists of
(a) Spark gaps (b) Non linear resister (c) Thermal protection devices
(d) Non liner resistors in series with spark gaps
5. “TCC” of protective device is needed for
(a) Determining the ratings (b) Knowing melting time
(c) Co-ordination with other protective devices (d) None of the above
6. An expulsion fuse is a device meant for ____________.
7. Speed ratio of a fuse is defined as ______________.
8. Co-ordination between different devices is arrived at from ___________.
9. A load break switch is a device meant for _______________.
10. Solid state relay has ______________ as the actuating or driving element.
UNIT -5
1. Voltage control means
(a) Boosting the feeder voltage
(b) Reducing the line voltage under over voltage conditions.
(c) Keeping the voltage level within the allowable limits.
(d) Tap changing of transformation
2. With step voltage regulator voltage is
(a) Boosted (b) Can be reduced (c) Can be boosted or reduced in steps
(d) Can be boosted or reduced continuously.

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 16

3. Line drop compensation corrects for
(a) Line drop lagging p.f (b) Voltage at leading p.f
(c) Transformer voltage drop (d) Voltage drop in the feeder lines.
4. Optimum loading for 33 kv lines is
(a) 1 to 5 MVA (b) Less than 1 MVA
(c) 5 to 10 MVA (d) More than 10 MVA
5. A 11 kv system has at its load end 10,300 V between lines. What is the voltage boost
required to make the voltage within limits of nominal voltage (±5% limit)
(a) 150 V (b) 700 V (c) 850 V (d) 1250 V
6. Maximum voltage of a system is ____________.
7. Service voltage is ____________.
8. “DAC” is meant for ____________.
9. Most commonly used voltage control in substations is _____________.
10. Selection of voltage level for distribution network depends on ____________.
WEBSITES:
1. http://energy.unc.edu/OurUtilitySystems/ElectricDistributionSystems
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_distribution
3. http://www.ieee.org/pes IEEE Power Engineering Society
NPTEL:
1. nptel.ac.in/courses/108106025/
2. https://onlinecourses.nptel.ac.in/noc18_ee15
EXPERT DETAILS:
1) Prof V. Kama Raju Retired Principal JNTUK
2) A.S. Pabla retired engineer
JOURNALS:
Electric Distribution Systems (IEEE Press Series on Power Engineering).
Electrical Power Sytsems (Elsevier)
LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:
1. Classification of loads and their characteristics.
2. Types of loads in a distribution systems and their modeling.
3. Design Considerations of secondary distribution systems.
.CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:
1. Study of distribution substations.
2. Performance improvement of a rural distribution feeder’s

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 17