Stages of Germination in a seed.

The seed gets water, air and warmth.

Seed coat breaks and the baby plant grows.

Roots and shoot develop in baby plant and form

seedling or young plant.

Plant grows and leaves develop in it. Cotyledons

shrink and disappear.

Dispersal of seeds
Def: The scattering of seeds away from the mother plant is called dispersal of
seeds.
Q. Why is dispersal of seeds necessary for the better growth of plants?
A. Dispersal of seeds is necessary because if all the seeds fall at one place there
would not be sufficient nutrients, water, sunlight and space to grow.
Methods of Dispersal
1. By wind-
 Seeds are light and small
 Seeds also have wings (hiptage, maple) or hair(cotton seeds,
madar).
2. By water-
 The fruit has a spongy part(lotus and water lily) and
  The coconut has thick fibrous coat which enables it to float on
water and travel with the water waves to far off places.

3. By animals-
 Seeds of apple, mango and watermelon are thrown away after their
fruits are eaten. These seeds grow into new plants on getting
favourable conditions.
 Squirrels bury nuts to eat during winter and they often forget.
These nuts may grow into new plants.
 Sometimes seeds are also dispersed when the undigested seeds pass
out intact in the excreta of birds and animals after the fruits are
eaten.
 Seeds of some plants like burdock, xanthium, tigernail and
speargrass have hooks or spines. They get attached to the body of
animals or clothes of human being and are carried to other places
which grow into new plants.

4. By explosion-
Some fruits burst open or explode when they become dry and scatter far
away. Eg. Poppy, peas and balsam.

The method of growing new plants from their vegetative parts is called
Vegetative Propagation.

S.No. Vegetative Part Diagram

1. Roots
Eg. Sweet Potato
Carrot, Radish
2. Underground stem
Eg. Potato, Onion, ginger

3. Stem
Eg. Rose, Hibiscus, Money plant,etc.

4. Leaves
Eg. Bryophyllum, Begonia

5. Spores
Eg. Ferns, Mosses.