REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after the through and in-

depth search done by the researchers. It also presents the literature and studies from

local and foreign publications, the theoretical and conceptual framework to fully

understand the research to be done.

Related Literature

Sad and Gurbusturk, 2013 investigated the extent to which parental involvement

took place in regard to their children’s education. Sad and Gurbusturk found based on

parental involvement scale, parental involvement was high in communication with

children, creating enabling home setting, supporting the child personality development

and helping with homework. On the other hand, the all-time low was in volunteering at

the child’s school.

According to Pennsylvania Cyber Chapter School describe parent involvement in

their children’s education as, parental Involvement means the participation of the

parents in regular, two-way, and meaningful communication involving student’s

academic learning and other school activities including ensuring that parents play an

integral role in assisting their child’s learning; parents are encouraged to be actively

involved in their child’s education at school and parents are full partners in their child’s

education and are included as appropriate in decision making and on advisory to assist

in the education.

According to Galiher (2006) and Darling (2005), used GPA to measure student
performance because the main focus in the student performance for the particular
semester. Some other researchers used test results or previous year results since they