Hershei Vonne M.

Baccay
BSMT 2- Set 1

ACTIVITY:
Answer the following questions based in your own understanding from the lesson.

1. Distinguish among a euploid, aneuploid, and polyploid cell.

- Euploid cells have a normal or exact number of chromosomes, indicating that

they have a complete set of normal 23 chromosomes. Aneuploid cells, on the
other hand, have too many or too few chromosomes. They have one or more
chromosomes that are not multiple copies of the complete number of
chromosomes. Lastly, the polyploid cells are those that have more than two
sets of homologous chromosomes, as well they have an inexact or incorrect
numbers of chromosomes.

2. Explain how analysis of fetal DNA in the maternal circulation can provide
information about a trisomy.

- The presence of fetal DNA in the maternal circulation can be used to diagnose
trisomy and provides information about trisomy wherein fetal DNA is extracted
from maternal plasma and tested using quantitative PCR. In addition, before or
during the tenth week of birth, this is used to identify births that are likely to
have a trisomy. In the analysis of fetal DNA in the maternal circulation, DNA is
extracted from the chorion. A negative test result indicates that the infant does
not have trisomy. If the result comes out negative for other chromosomal
defects that the lab searched for, the infant is unlikely to be affected. If the result
is positive, the fetus has a higher chance of getting the abnormality identified.

3. Distinguish among three types of translocations.

- Two chromosomes and one divides in each chromosome are involved in

reciprocal translocation. The divided segments of the two chromosomes
involved in reciprocal translocation will be swapped or exchanged. It is in
charge of chromosomal segment exchange between two non-homologous
chromosomes. While non-reciprocal translocation includes the transfer of a
chromosomal segment from one non-homologous chromosome to another.
When someone has 45 chromosomes instead of the normal46, this is known
as Robertsonian translocation. When two chromosomes get stuck together,
they form a single long chromosome, which then connects to another at the
centromere.

4. Describe how a ring chromosome forms.

- When a chromosome's arms are joined together or when an abnormal

chromosome's at which the end of each chromosome’s arm has been lost and
the broken arms have been reunited or rejoined in order for the chromosome
to create a ring-like shape or appearance. The deletion of terminal regions in
the p and q arms is followed by the fusion of the two ends to form ring
chromosomes. In addition, they are often formed by the fusion of subtelomeric
or telomeric chromosomal regions which is normally involve gene copy number
loss.