www.eeecube.

com

Physical Model (HVDC Simulator)

• A HVDC simulator is similar to TNA (Transient Network Analyzer) which is

used to determine overvoltage in AC systems due to switching surges and load
rejection.
• A HVDC simulator has adequate numbers of scaled models of 6 and 12
pulse converters for two (or more) terminals of 9. bipolar HVDC Scheme.
• The valve is modelled by a single thyristor.
• The DC simulator ratings are in the range of 20 to l0O V DC, 0.2 to 1A DC and it
operates at power frequency, 50 or 60 Hz.

www.eeecube.com
• The DC line/cable is represented by adequate www.eeecube.com

number of pi sections.
• The simulators include representation of
sophisticated converter controls.
• The controls are usually capable of
realistic performance during transients such as
AC faults and commutation failures.
• Some DC simulators include electronic models
of synchronous machines with features
representing detailed models of torsional
oscillations.
• Scaled models of static compensators (Thyristor
controlled reactor, (TCR) and thyristor switched
capacitor

www.eeecube.com
• Stray capacitances and inductances are not modelled in a HVDC simulator and it is primarily
www.eeecube.com
used
to assess control system behavior and temporary overvoltage of frequencies below 1000Hz
• Some of the problems that can be studied using a DC simulator are as follows:
The development of concepts and equipment for control and protection of HVDC systems. This
includes the following:
(i) Control of power, current and extinction angle in two terminal and multi- terminal DC
systems.
(ii) Evaluation of the control performance under AC anti DC faults.
(iii) Evaluation of overcurrent and overvoltage stresses in various components of the
system, particularly valves, DC reactor, DC lines or cables.

www.eeecube.com
 www.eeecube.com

• Analysis of various AC/DC system interactions which include

(i) HVDC operation with weak AC systems
(ii) Sub synchronous frequency torsional oscillation
(iii) Damping introduced through power, modulation
(iv) Analysis of AC and DC harmonics.
• In addition, a HVDC simulator is also useful for
3. confirming computer models used in stability programs and
4. operator training and as an educational tool.
5. speed up the studies that have to be performed.

www.eeecube.com