Final Revision 3rd Prep

Exercise
I. Write the Scientific term:
1) It is the process in which bond in reactants are broken and bonds in products (resultants)
are formed. (
)
2) splitting of compounds into elements or simpler compounds by the effect of heat
(
)
3) It is the arrangement of metallic elements in a descending order according to their
chemical activity. (
)
4) Chemical reactions in which one of the elements substitutes another element in the
solution of one of its compounds. (
)
5) They are the reactions which involve double exchange between the radicals (ions) of two
compounds to give two other compounds. (
)
6) It is the reaction between an acid and an alkali to form salt and water. (
)
7) A chemical process which causes the increase of the oxygen percentage and the decrease
of hydrogen percentage. (
)
8) A chemical process which causes the increase of the hydrogen percentage and the
decrease of oxygen percentage. (
)
9) It is the substance which gives oxygen or takes hydrogen during the chemical reaction.
(
)
10) It is the substance which gives hydrogen or takes oxygen during the chemical reaction.
(
)
11) A chemical process where the atom loses one electron or more. (
)
12) A chemical process where an atom gains one or more electron (
)
13) It is the substance which gains one electron or more during the chemical reaction.
(
)

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
14) It is the substance which loses one electron or more during the chemical reaction.
(
)
15) The change in the concentration of reactants & products in a unit of time. (
)
16) A substance which speeds up chemical reaction without changing. (
)
17) A biological molecule which acts as a catalyst. (
)
18) It is the flow of electric charges in an electric wire. (
)
19) The amount of electricity in coulomb that flow in an electric wire in a unit time.
(
)
20) The measuring units of the electric charges (
)
21) The electric current that is resulted from the passing of electric charges of 1 coulomb
in unit time (
)
22) The apparatus that is connected in series to measure the current intensity. (
)
23) The state of the conductor that show the transfer of electricity from and to it.
(
)
24) The charge that is transfer with an intensity of 1 Ampere in one second. (
)
25) The potential difference between two terminals of a conductor when a work done to
transfer charge of 1 coulomb is 1 joule . (
)
26) The opposition that the current faces during its motion in the electric conductor
(
)
27) An electric circuit that is used to get the relation between the electric current and
potential difference (
)
28) The ratio between the potential difference and the electric current. (
)
29) The resistance of a conductor in which the electric current is 1 Ampere and the
potential difference is 1 volt.
( )
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Final Revision 3rd Prep
30) The device that converts mechanical energy into electric energy. (
)
31) An electric current which has fixed intensity and direction. (
)
32) An electric current which has variable intensity and direction. (
)
33) Device used to measure the potential difference. (
)
34) Device used to measure the current intensity. (
)
35) Device used to measure the electric resistance. (
)
36) Device used to measure the emf. (
)
37) Device used to control the current intensity and the potential difference. (
)
38) Cells change chemical energy into electric energy. (
)
39) Spontaneous decay of the nuclei of some elements to achieve more stable condition.
(
)
40) Elements have number of neutron more than the required for its stability. (
)
41) It is the radiation produced from the radioactive elements present in nature. (
)
42) The radiation or nuclear energy released during chemical reactions or from nuclear
bombs. (
)
43) The increase in the amount of radiation in the environment. (
)
44) Elements have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.
(
)
45) It is Traits that are transmitted from one generation to another. (
)
46) Traits that are gained from the surrounding environment and not transmitted from one
generation to another. (
)

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
47) A branch of science that aims to explain how different traits transfer through
generations.
( )
48) A part of DNA that is responsible for the appearance of inherited characters.
(
)
49) The trait that appears in all individuals of 1st generation in Mendel’s experiment.
(
)
50) The trait that disappears completely in the individuals of the 1st generation. (
)
51) The appearance of a hereditary trait in the individuals of the 1st generation when 2
individuals copulate and one of them is carrying a pure hereditary trait contrasting the
trait of the other.
( )
52) Mating 2 individuals with contrasting traits results in the appearance of the dominant
trait alone in the first generation. In the second generation both traits appear & the ratio
between the dominant trait & the recessive one is 3:1
( )
53) If two individuals that are different in two pairs or more of contrasting traits copulate,
the trait of each pair is inherited independently and appears in the 2nd generation in ratio
3:1
( )
54) Organs secreting hormones in the human body. (
)
55) The result when one of the endocrine glands does not work properly. (
)
56) A gland that secretes a hormone that regulates the growth of the human sexual organs.
(
)
57) A hormone disorder caused by decrease of the growth hormone at childhood. (
)
58) A disease caused by increase in secretion of thyroxin hormone. (
)
59) A disease caused by decrease in secretion of insulin hormone. (
)
60) It’s secreted from pituitary gland to control growth of the body. (
)
61) Hormone promotes the growth of endometrium. (
)
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Final Revision 3rd Prep
62) Hormone activates thyroid gland. (
)
63) Hormone liberates energy from food. (
)
64) Hormone releases glucose sugar from liver. (
)
II. Complete:
1) By heating copper hydroxide, its color changes from ……………… into ………….
2) Sodium nitrate decomposes by heat into …………. and ……………, while …………
salt decomposes into copper oxide and sulpher trioxide gas.
3) When sodium reacts with water………… gas evolves, while …………. gas evolves by
heating of blue copper sulphate.
4) The changing of the (Mg) into (Mg+2) is considered …………… process, while the
changing of (O) into (O-2) is considered …………… process.
5) In the following reaction CuO + H2 → H2O + Cu , hydrogen gas is considered as
…………… agent while copper oxide is considered as …………. agent.
6) The metals is arranged descending according to ………………. in the chemical activity
series.
7) 2Na + 2H2O → …………….…..+H2+ ……….
8) 2Al + 6HCl → ………..+ …………..
9) Mass of catalyst before reaction ………… mass of catalyst after it.
10) ………… acid is produced in muscles during physical exercises.
11) ………enzyme in sweet potato speed breaking of …………….
12) ……….gas can be tested by a glowing splint & ……….. gas burns with pop sound
while …………gas turbid lime water.
13) At the beginning of the reaction, the concentration of reactants is ............................ %
14) The change in the concentration of reactants and resultants in a time unit
is .................................
15) The increase in concentration of reactants makes the chemical reaction..........................
16) The reaction of contributing compounds is .................................
17) Sodium chloride powder reacts ................................. than a cube of sodium chloride.
18) A substance which increases the chemical reaction without sharing in the reaction
is.................................
19) Ammeter is connected in ………………… in the circuit.
20) The current intensity that flows in the circuit when the amount of charges is 1 coulomb
and the time needed is 1 second is called ………………….
21) The electric potential difference is measured by the ……………… apparatus and
……… unit.
22) The work done to transfer electric charges is measured by ….......... unit.
23) Voltmeter is used to measure ……………………………. and ………………………..
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Final Revision 3rd Prep
24) Voltmeter is connected in ………………… in the circuit.
25) The potential difference when no current in the circuit is called
………………………….
26) The two types of the electric resistance are ………………… and ………….……….
27) The rheostat is consists of …………………….. , …………………. ,
…………………… and ……………………….
28) The idea of operation of the electric rheostat depends on
…………………………………………………………………………….
29) The relation between the current intensity and potential difference is
……………………., while the relation between current intensity and resistance is
……………………….
30) The value of the current intensity can be changed (controlled) by using
………………………… apparatus.
31) The ratio between the potential difference and the current intensity is called
………………….
32) Electric current doesn’t flow between two conductors if their electric potentials are
……
33) The measuring unit of quantity of charge is …………… or ……… x ……….
34) The relation between length of the conductor and its resistance is ………… prop.
35) The relation between the resistance of a conductor and current intensity is ………
proportional.
36) Rheostat is used to control ……………… and …………….. in electric circuits.
37) There are two types of electric current; ……………. and ………………while there
are two types of electric resistance ……………..and ………………
38) Similar electric cells are connected in …….. to obtain a higher electromotive force and
connected in ………… to obtain an e.m.f equal one of them.
39) Dry cells produce………………… current while electric generators produce
………… current
40) Electric current is generated in dynamo as a result of change ……….. energy into
…………. energy.
41) The mathematical relation of Ohm’s law is ………………..
42) ………………….was the scientist who discovered the radioactivity phenomenon.
43) The measuring unit of the absorbed radiation is ……………..
44) ……………. current can be changed to …………… current.
45) The mass of the atom is concentrated in the ……………….
46) The radioactive elements have number of ………… more than the required for its
stability.
47) The radioactive elements produce ……………. and ……………
48) The radioactive isotopes that are found in the food product after Chernobyl accident
are …………… and …………….
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Final Revision 3rd Prep
49) The maximum safe dose of nuclear radiation must not exceed ………..
50) Genes are found in the ............... of cell.
51) …………… is responsible for the appearance of the heredity traits in the living
organism.
52) Hormones are secreted from special organs called ……….
53) The gland that locates under the brain is called …………
54) ………… is considered the only way for the hormone to reach its site of work.
55) The hormone that activates the mammary glands to secrete milk after delivery of the
baby is secreted from the …………. gland.
56) Calcitonin hormone is secreted from ………… gland.
57) ………… is a double function gland.
58) The …………. hormone is secreted from the ovaries.
59) Adrenaline is a hormone that is secreted in the case of ……………
60) Glucagon effects on the ………….. in which the rate of the changing of the glucose
sugar increases.
61) Gigantism is produced as a disorder of the …………… hormone.
62) The genetic factors are ……… that transmitted from one generation to another
through …………
63) The genetic factors of one trait are segregated during the formation of ………………
64) The ………… trait is always pure.
65) …………element shares in composition thyroxin hormone.
III. Give Reason:
1) Zinc reacts with the diluted hydrochloric acid while copper doesn't with the same acid.
because zinc is more active than hydrogen as it comes above hydrogen in the
chemical activity series while copper is less active as it comes after hydrogen in the
series Zn+ 2 HCl Dil
→
ZnC l 2+ H 2 ↑
Cu+ HCl Dil Noreaction .
→

2) A white precipitate is formed when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride
solution.
due to formation of silver chloride
NaCl+ AgN O3 → NaN O3+ Ag Cl ↓

Sodium chloride+¿ nitrate → sodium nitrate+¿ chloride (¿ PPT )

3) Oxidation doesn’t mean the combination with oxygen only.

because it means also the decreases in hydrogen percentage or losing of electrons.
4) Metals are considered as reducing agents.
because metals lose electrons during the reaction.
5) A black substance is formed by the heating of green copper carbonate.
due to formation of copper oxide

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
CuC O3 ∆ CuO+CO 2 ↑
→
copper carbonate ∆ copper oxide+carbon dioxide
→

(Green) (Black)
6) Effervescence occurs when sodium carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid.
due to the formation of carbon dioxide N a2 C O3 +2 HCl → 2 NaCl+C O2 + H 2 O
7) A red ppt. is formed by adding magnesium to the copper sulphate solution.
because magnesium replaces copper in copper sulphate and copper precipitates
Mg+ CuSO 4 → MgS O 4 + Cu↓
8) Non- metals are considered as oxidizing agents.
because nonmetals gain electrons during the reaction.
9) Double substitution reactions don't contain oxidation and reduction.
because it depends on the exchange of ions not gaining or losing electrons
10) Mass of sodium nitrate decreases by heating.
because it decomposes by heating into sodium nitrite and oxygen gas.
2 NaN O 3 ∆ 2 NaN O 2+O 2 ↑
→
sodium nitrate ∆ sodium nitrite+ Oxygen
→

11) Chemical reactions are different in their speeds.

due to the effect of some factors such as:
Nature of reactant (types of bond and the surface area)
Temperature
Concentration
Catalyst
12) Reaction of sodium chloride with silver nitrate is fast.
because they are ionic compound separate into ions.
13) The reaction hydrochloric acid with iron filings is faster than the reaction with the iron
piece.
due to the increase in the surface area exposed to the reaction in case of iron filings
14) You should chew the food well before swallowing.
to let saliva enzyme work which act as catalyst which speed up the reaction of
breaking of food.
15) The increase in the concentration of reactants leads to the increase in the speed of the
chemical reaction.
because it increases the number of collision between the reactants
16) The non-frozen food spoilt quickly.
because the increase in the temperature increases the rate of the chemical reaction.
17) The value of the current intensity increases if the time needed to transfer the charges
decreases.
because the current intensity is inversely proportional to the time
18) Copper cannot replace hydrogen of the acid?
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Final Revision 3rd Prep
Bec, Cu is less active than hydrogen in chemical activity series.
19) The formation of silvery colour on heating red mercuric oxide?
Bec, it decomposes by heat forming silver mercury element and oxygen gas evolves.
20) The occurrence of effervescence on putting a piece of Zn in dil HCl ?
Bec, Zinc is more active than Hydrogen in chemical activity series so it replace
hydrogen and hydrogen gas evolves
21) In the reaction of sodium with chlorine to form sodium chloride, sodium is considered
a reducing agent
Bec, It loses one electron causing the reduction of chlorine.
22) Oxidation and reduction are two complementary process
Bec, number of electrons that lost by an atom during oxidation process is equal to
number of electrons that gained by another atom in reduction process.
23) The reaction of Al with HCl is slow
Bec. Al is covered with a layer of aluminum oxide that needs time to be separated.
24) Reaction between sodium carbonates and HCl produces a gas turbid lime water?
Bec the produce CO2 gas that turbid lime water.
25) Speed of chemical reactions increases by heating
Increasing the temperature increases the rate of chemical reaction because the
number of collisions between molecules increases.
26) Reaction of ionic compounds are faster than covalent compounds
Bec. Ionic compounds break into ions while covalent don’t.
27) The speed of reaction increases as the amount of reactants increases
Due to the increase in the number of collisions between the molecules of reactants.
28) The fridge is used to preserve food
Bec.decreasing the temperature of food slows down the reaction of bacteria that
spoil the food.
29) The voltmeter is connected to both poles of the battery in the electric circuit.
To measure the electromotive force of the battery.
30) Rheostat is used in some electric circuits.
To control the P.d and current intensity in the circuit.
31) The voltmeter is connected in parallel to the electric circuits
To measure P.d in the circuit without passing the current through it to protect it
from damage
32) It is better to use the alternating current rather than the direct current
Bec A.C can be transmitted for long distance and converted into D.C.
33) Current that produced from dynamo is called alternating current
Bec it flows in opposite directions.
34) Some cells are connected in the electric circuit in parallel.
to increase the current intensity.

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
35) Some cells are connected in the electric circuits in series
To increase the electromotive force in the circuit.
36) After Chernobyl accident, radioactive isotopes were found in food products
Bec. The explosion formed a cloud of radioactive isotopes that carried by wind and
fall with rain and pollute plants and affects the milk and meet of cows.
37) The current intensity increases if the time of charge passage decreases.
bec. The current intensity is inversely proportional to the time
38) No current will pass if we connect two conductors with the same potential.
bec the p.d. is equal zero.
39) The current passes from conductor of potential 6 volts to another of potential of 3 volt.
bec the current moves from the conductor of high potential to the lower one.
40) Some electrons become free when a conductor is connected with another.
due to the potential difference as electrons move from conductor of high potential to
the lower one.
41) Electrochemical cells are named by this name.
bec they change from chemical energy to electric energy.
42) Some elements are called radioactive.
bec the produce radiation as the have excess energy bec they have number of
neutron more than the required for its stability.
43) Endocrine glands are called ductless.
bec they secrete their hormones directly in the blood stream without a duct
44) Pituitary gland is called "the master gland".
bec it control the activity of other endocrine glands.
45) Pituitary gland controls the height which the body will reach.
bec it secretes growth hormone which is responsible of the growing of the body in
childhood.
46) Pancreas is a double function gland.
bec it has role in the digestion process and also it is considered as endocrine gland
because it secretes insulin and glucagon hormone
47) Mendel has chosen pea plant to conduct his experiments
o It is easy to plant the pea plant and it grows fast.
o The life cycle of the pea plant is short.
o The flowers of the pea plants are hermaphrodite, and thus it can self-
pollinate.
o It can easily be artificially pollinated (by man)
o Pea plant produces large numbers of plants in a generation.
o They have pairs of contrasting traits that can be identified easily.
48) Stamen has removed from the pea flowers during the experiment.
to prevent self-pollination
49) Mendel has covered the pistils of the pea flowers during the experiment.
to prevent cross pollination

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
50) The two genetic factors are separated during the formation of the first generation's
gametes.
bec each gametes carry only half the hereditary factor and combine with the other
gamete forming zygote which contains the whole hereditary factors
51) When a pea plant with red flowers has pollinated with another one with white flowers,
all the produced generation will be with a red flowers.
bec red trait is the dominant trait which dominates the other trait and appears
alone in the 1st generation.
52) The absence of freckles considered as a dominant traits in the human.
bec it dominate the other trait and appears in the 1st generation alone.
IV. What happened when:
1) Heating green copper carbonate
It decomposes by heating into black copper oxide and carbon dioxide gas evolves
CuC O3 ∆ CuO+CO 2 ↑
→

2) Putting piece of magnesium in a glass of blue copper sulphate

Magnesium will replace copper producing magnesium sulphate and red copper ppt
is foremed
3) Adding acid on alkali?
Produce salt and water
4) Connect two conductors having the same potential by a wire.
No current because the potential difference = zero
5) To the reading of ammeter and voltmeter if the resistance is burnt.
The ammeter reads zero and the voltmeter reads the emf of the battery
6) Increase the length of the wire of the rheostat.
The resistance will increase
7) Increasing the quantity of charge (concerning to the current intensity)
the intensity will increase.
V. Mention the oxidizing and reducing agents in the following reactions:
1) CuO+ H 2 → H 2 O+Cu
2) 2 Na+C l2 → 2 NaCl
VI. The following equation:
2 X →2 Y + Z
Write the name of compound which each number
indicates.

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Final Revision 3rd Prep

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
VII. Show by drawing:
1) An electric circuit which gets the relation between the current intensity and the potential
difference (Ohm's circuit).
2) The connection of 4 similar cells , each of 1.5 volt to get an e.m.f
i. 6 volt
ii. 4.5 volt
iii. 3 volt
iv. 1.5 volt

VIII. Problems:
1) Calculate the amount of electricity that flow in a conductor if its resistance is 2200
Ohm for 2 minutes when it is connected to potential source = 220 V.
Q=I x t I=V/R
I= 220/2200 = 0.1 amp
Q= 0.1 x 120 = 12 coulomb
2) Calculate the amount of the work done to transfer an amount of electricity of 400
coulombs between two terminals of potential difference of 4.5 V.
V = W/ Q
W=VxQ
= 4.5 x 400 =1800 joule
3) Calculate the amount of electric current that resulted due to the flow of electricity of
5400 coulomb in 5 minutes.
I = Q/ t t = 5 x 60 = 300 sec
I = 5400 / 300 =18 amp
4) If an electric current of 20 Ampere has flown in the electric heater and the p.d was 220
, determine the electric resistance of the heater.
V=IxR
R = V/I
= 220/20 = 11 ohm
5) An electric appliance works with a potential difference 220 volts and electric
resistance 20 Ohm. Calculate the amount of electric charges through 5 seconds.
Q=Ixt I = V/R
I = 220 / 20 =11 amp
Q = 11 x 5 = 55 coulomb
IX. Answer the following

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
1) Show the resulted generation of the mating of two individuals hybrid ( Tt ) in which
both are from the tall stemmed pea plant.
Parents: Tt (hybrid tall) X Tt (hybrid tall)
Gametes: T t T t

Offspring:
2) A plant of pure tall stem (TT) pollinates another one of short stem (tt). Explain the
genetic composition for the 1st and 2nd generations?
Parents: TT (pure tall) X tt (pure short)
Gametes: …… ……
st
1 generation : …………
Parents 2:
Gametes:

2nd generation:
3) A man with hybrid brown eyes is married to a woman with green eyes. Explain the
colour of their children?
Parents: …… (hybrid brown) X …… (pure green)
Gametes: ……. …… ……
Offspring:
X. Write short note about:
1) Chernobyl accident
 It resulted in the pollution of food products by radioactive elements.
 Due to an explosion occurred in the Chernobyl reactor as a result of an error in
operation.
 This resulted in the melting of the reactors core
 This release of many radioactive elements forms an atomic cloud that was carried
by the wind.
 Pollution from the clouds carrying the atomic dust reaches earth either by dry
falling or by falling with rain to earth.
 The plants and soil are polluted by the fallen radioactive isotopes and so
herbivores as cows and sheep. Thus their milk products and meat was all affected
by radiation.
 Iodine and Cesium isotopes were found in the polluted food. They are elements
produced from the decay of the nuclear fuel (uranium – 235) when absorbing the
neutrons
2) The effects of exposure to a large dosage of radiation for a short time:

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
 This will lead to the damage of the bone marrow, spleen, the digestive system and
the central nervous system. The bone marrow forming the blood cells is affected
by radiation.
 This will reduce the number of red blood cells which causes the feeling of being
sick, having a sore throat accompanied by nausea, vertigo and diarrheal.
3) The effects of exposure to small doses of radiation for a long time
 Physical effects:
Change in appearance of the living organisms.
 Genetic effects:
The radiation could result in genetic changes as it causes changes in the sex
chromosome composition found in the cells which results in abnormal births.
 Cellular effects:
Radiation causes changes in the cells composition.
The chemical composition of the hemoglobin changes and it becomes incapable of
carrying oxygen. Thus, exposure to large doses of radiation destroys the cells.
4) Means of protection from radiation pollution
 Those who work with radioactive elements in laboratories and hospitals should
wear radiation protective gloves and clothes.
 Follow the following precautions while dealing with radioactive wastes:
o It should be away from underground water's path so it will not get polluted.
o The area chosen should be a stable one and not exposed to earthquakes or
volcanoes.
o The area chosen should be away from the animals that live in caves so it will
not be exposed to the danger of radiation and in turn this danger reaches
other living beings.
 The nuclear wastes are disposed in various ways according to its strength
o The wastes of weak and medium radiation are surrounded by cement layer or
rocks and placed in the ground are placed.
o The wastes of strong radiation are placed in water to cool down and then
deeply buried in the ground and away from inhabited areas.
 Place laws for nuclear plants to cool the hot water before throwing it in the seas
and lakes. Some plants make artificial lakes for themselves for cooling purposes.
XI. Mention the equivalent of the following
1) joule /coulomb
2) coulomb /sec
3) volt /ampere
4) ampereXsec
XII. Compare between:
1- The voltmeter & ammeter
2- Direct current & Alternating current
3- Series connection & parallel connection
4- Natural radioactivity & artificial radioactivity
5- Testes & ovaries regarding to the hormone produce and its function.

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Final Revision 3rd Prep
6- Acquired trait & hereditary traits
7- Mendel’s 1st law & Mendel’s 2nd law
8- Insulin & glucagon
9- Dwarfism & gigantism
10- Simple goiter & exophthalmoses.

XIII. The Write the mathematical relations for:

1- Measuring the potential difference…………………………………………….
2- Measuring the current intensity……………………………………………….
3- Measuring the amount of electricity (two relations) …………………………….
4- Electric resistance……………………………………………………………
Important equations:
 2 HgO ∆
→
2 Hg+O 2 ↑
 Cu ¿
 CuC O3 ∆
→
CuO+CO 2 ↑

 CuS O4 ∆ CuO+ SO 3 ↑
→

 2 NaN O 3 ∆ 2 NaN O 2+O 2 ↑

→
 2 Na+2 H 2 O → 2 NaOH + H 2 + Heat
 Zn+ 2 HCl Dil
→
ZnC l 2+ H 2 ↑

 2 Al +6 HCl Dil 2 AlC l 3+3 H 2 ↑

→

 Cu+ HCl Dil Noreaction .

→
 Mg+ CuSO 4 → MgS O 4 + Cu↓
 HCl+ NaOH → NaCl+ H 2 O
 S O 3+ H 2 O → H 2 SO 4
 N a2 C O 3 +2 HCl → 2 NaCl+C O2 + H 2 O
 NaCl+ AgN O 3 → NaN O 3+ Ag Cl ↓
 CuO+ H 2 → H 2 O+Cu
 2 Na+Cl 2 → 2 NaCl
 2 N 2 O 5 (s)→ 4 NO2 (g)+O 2 (g)
 NaOH +CuS O 4 → N a2 SO 4 +Cu ( OH )2 ↓
 Fe+2 HCl→ FeC l 2+ H 2

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