Grade 7 Mathematics Learning Module: Module 1.1: Number and Number Sense

WESTERN MINDANAO ADVENTIST ACADEMY
7028 Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines
“The School for Better Future”
GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS LEARNING MODULE
Module 1.1: Number and Number Sense
MODULE INTRODUCTION AND FOCUS QUESTION(S):

Have you at a certain time asked yourself what would life have been
like without numbers? If yes, how have you pictured it? Do you picture it as a
progressive life? A life filled with technology? If so, why do you think that would
be the case?
Read on and discover how vital numbers are in our life.
MODULE LESSONS AND COVERAGE:
In studying this module, you will examine these questions when you take the following lessons:
Lesson Title You’ll learn to …

Number
Describe and illustrate well-defined sets, universal sets, subsets and
null sets
Define, describe and find the union, intersection and complement of

sets
Lesson 1 Basic Idea of
Sets Describe, represent and compare the different subsets of real
numbers
Use Venn-diagram to represent sets, subsets and set operations
Describe and illustrate the absolute value of a number on a number

line as the distance of the number from 0.
Arrange real numbers in increasing or decreasing order.

Lesson 2 Real Number
System Perform fundamental operations on integers: addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division
State and illustrate the different properties of the operations on

integers
Define and illustrate rational numbers and arrange them on a

number line
Express rational numbers (both repeating and terminating/non-

repeating and non-terminating) from fraction form to decimal form
and vice versa.
Perform operations on rational numbers and illustrate their

properties
Determine between what two integers the square root of a number is

Lesson 3 Square Roots
Describe principal roots and tell whether they are rational or
irrational
Illustrate and graph irrational numbers on a number line with and

without appropriate technology
Estimate the square root of a number to the nearest tenth
Lesson 4 Significant Define and illustrate significant digits

Digits
Determine the significant digits in a given situation
Lesson 5 Scientific Define and illustrate scientific notation

Notation
Write very large or very small numbers in scientific notation
Expected Skills:
To do well in this module, you need to remember and do the following:
1. Answer all the exercises and process question completely.

2. Study the explanations well.
3. Supplement yourself with other learning materials when available and necessary.
4. Write down your thoughts to help you in processing information.
5. Keep in mind that your success in this module depends on how much effort you put into doing the
activities in this module.
6. Always pray to God and ask for wisdom before answering this module.
GRADE 7 MATHEMATICS LEARNING GUIDE

Lesson 1: The Basic Idea of Sets
About the Lesson:

This is an introductory lesson on sets. A clear understanding of the concepts in this lesson
will help you easily grasp number properties and enable you to quickly identify multiple solutions
involving sets of numbers.
Objectives:
In this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Describe and illustrate
a. well-defined sets;
b. subsets;
c. universal set, and;
d. the null set.
2. Define, describe and find the union, intersection and complement of sets
EXPLORE
Let us start the module by doing the Think-Pair-Share

activity. As you go through this part, keep on thinking about this
question: How does the classification of numbers help us
solve daily life problems?
Activity 1: Group Me
Using the numbers -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, form 3 different groups of numbers
according to the kind of description you would like to label each group. Complete the table below and
answer the study questions that follow.
Group Numbers Description

Study Questions:
1. How many groups did you make?
_____________________________________________________________________________
Activity 2: Describing a Set
List down the following and make a description for each group.
Group A: Three classroom objects
Group B: Four favorite fruits
Group C: Three favorite flowers
Group A Group B Group C
Answer the question:

1. When can we say that a collection of things is well-defined?
Given the two collections below, which of the two collections is a set? Justify your answer.
a. The collection of the three best TV programs
b. The collection of the senators of the Philippines serving in our government.
Justification!
__________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Important Terms to Remember
A set is a well-defined collection of items/objects. “Well-defined” means that we can decide whether
the object does or does not belong to the set. Each item is called an element or a member of the set.
A set is usually named with a capital letter and may be defined in three ways:
1. Roster or Listing Method: This is done by listing the elements of a set inside the symbol { }.
Examples:
A = { p, h, i, l, n, e, s } B = { 5, 10, 15, . . . } C = { moon}
Note: The elements are separated by commas ( , ) and enclosed in braces { }. If the number of
elements is a set is large, we can write only enough elements to establish a pattern.
Example: S = { 0, 2, 4, 6, . . . , 18 }. In set S, the three dots indicate the pattern continues through 18,
but the numbers between 6 and 18 are not listed.
2. Verbal Description : It is a method of describing a set in words. We can describe the sets named
in number 1 as follows:
 Set A is the set of letters in the word “Philippines”.
 Set B is the set of positive multiples of 5.
 Set C is the set of natural Earth satellites.
3. Set Builder Notation/ Rule Method: It is a method that lists the rules that determines whether an
object is an element of the set rather than the actual elements. We can describe the sets in number 1
in set builder notation as follows:
A = { x | x is a letter in the word “Philippines”}

B = { x | x is a positive multiple of 5 }
C = { x | x is a natural satellite of Earth }
Note: x | x is read as “x such that x “.

Exercise 1: Define each set in roster notation.
1. Whole number less than 15
_____________________________________________________________________
2. vowels in the name Figueroa
_____________________________________________________________________
3. months having 30 days
_____________________________________________________________________
4. consonants in the name Kenneth
_____________________________________________________________________
5. days of the week
_____________________________________________________________________
Exercise 2: Write a verbal description for each of the following sets.
6. A = { a, b, c, . . . , z }
_____________________________________________________________________
7. D = { 5, 10, 15, 20, . . . }
_____________________________________________________________________
8. F = { Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune }
_____________________________________________________________________
Exercise 3: Write a rule for the following.
9. G = { a, e, i, o, u }
_____________________________________________________________________
10. K = { m, a , t , h }
_____________________________________________________________________
UNIVERSAL SET
Note that when all the sets in a discussions are subsets of a given set, we call that
“over-all” set the universe or the universal set (U) of the discussion. When you are talking about
the whole numbers, the universal is { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . }. In any discussion, it is important to know what
the universal is. An infinite set is a well-defined collection of items/objects (elements cannot be
counted or listed) as the set of whole numbers or the set of real numbers. It can be finite set
( elements can be counted or listed) such as { a, e, I, o, u }.
Exercise 4: Tell whether each of the following sets is finite or infinite:
1. { 0, 3, 6, 9, . . . } ______________________
2. { 1, 2, 3, . . . , 7, 8 } ______________________
3. W = { the set of whole numbers } ______________________
4. L = { the set of whole number less than 7 } ______________________
5. { 2, 8, 6, 7 } ______________________
Activity 3: Defining a null or Empty Set
Consider the following sets:

A = set of weeks containing 8 days
B = set of letters in the word “ door “ that are also in the word “ maybe”
C = set of digits in the numeral “584” that are also in the numeral “10,396”
Question to Answer:
1. What are the elements of set A, set B, and set C?

____________________________________________________________________
2. What did you notice in your answer?
____________________________________________________________________
3. What do you call this type of sets?
____________________________________________________________________
A null or an empty set is a set with no elements. ∅ is a symbol used to denote an empty or
null set.
SUBSETS
LET US EXPLORE:
Does every person living in Mindanao live in Davao City? No. But everyone lives in Davao City lives
in Mindanao. We describe the relationship by saying that the set of people living in Davao City is the
subset of (in symbol, ⊂ ) the set of people living in Mindanao.
{ The people living in Davao City } ⊂ { The people living in Mindanao }

The diagram below illustrates this statement.
The people living in Mindanao
The people living in

Davao City
{ The people living in Cagayan de Oro City } ⊂ { The people living in Mindanao }.
What else can you consider as a subset of the set of people living in Mindanao? Can you consider
yourself as a part of the subset of the people living in Mindanao? Why or why not?
{ The people living in Luzon } ⊄ { The people living in Mindanao}. (Note: “⊄” can be read as
not a subset) Can you name/list some sets that are not subsets of the people living in Mindanao?
What are these sets?
How many subsets of the set S = { j, o, y } can you identify? To find these subsets is to form
them by choosing elements of S. For example, if you choose the elements j and o, you form the
subset { j, o }. If you decide to choose all the elements of S, you obtain { j, o, y }, which is S itself.
Thus, S ⊆ S. It is called an improper subset. The other subsets of a set are called proper subsets.
What happens if you choose no element of S at all? You form a set with no elements. Thus if S is any
set whatever, then Ø is a subset of S. So set S has the subsets of = { }, { j }, { o }, { y }, { j, o }, { j, y },
{ o, y } and { j, o, y } Thus set S has 8 subsets.
Exercise 4: List down the subsets of the following sets and indicate the number of subsets for
each set.
1. { a }
Subsets: ______________________________________________________
Number of subsets: _____________________________________________
2. { a, b }
Subsets: ______________________________________________________
3. { a, b, c }
Subsets: ______________________________________________________
4. { a, b, c, d }
Subsets: ______________________________________________________
Questions
1. How did you determine the number of subsets?
_________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Give a set with a letter n elements, how many subsets can you form?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. How will you check if your formula is correct?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Exercise 5:
Determine the number of subsets for the following sets.
1. Ø or { } ________________
2. { 1 } ________________
3. { 1, 2, 3 } ________________
4. { 1, 2, 3, 4 } ________________
5. A set of 5 elements or members ________________
6. A set of 6 elements ________________
Write yes or no to tell whether the first set is a subset of the second set.
1. { 2, 4 } ; { 2, 4, 6 } ________________
2. { 5, 7 } ; { 1, 7, 8 } ________________
3. { 1, 2, 3, 5 } ; { 1, 2, 3, 5 } ________________
4. { } ; { 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 } ________________
5. { 7 } ; { 3, 5, 7 } ________________
6. { 1, 3, 5 } ; { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } ________________
7. { 3, 4, 5 } ; { 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . } ________________
8. { 7, 9 } ; { 1, 3, 5, 9, 11} ________________
9. { 2, 4, 6 } ; { 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . } ________________
10. { 3, 4 } ; { 3, 4, } ________________
OPERATIONS ON SETS: UNION AND INTERSECTION OF SETS
In arithmetic, we have operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division that
enable us to combine numbers. In sets, we have the intersection, union, difference and complement
of sets.
Intersection of Sets
The intersection of sets A and B, written as A Ո B, is a set of elements that are members of
both A and B.
Given: A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }, B = { 2, 4, 6 }, and C = { 1, 3, 5 }
Find : a. A Ո B c. B Ո C e. A Ո ( B Ո C )
b. A Ո C d. ( A Ո B ) Ո C
Solution:
a. The elements in A that are also in B are 2, 4, and 6. Hence, A Ո B = { 2, 4, 6 }.
b. The elements of A that are also in C are 1, 3, and 5. Hence A Ո C = { 1, 3, 5 }
c. Examining sets B and C, we see that there are no elements common to both. So B Ո C = Ø
d. There is no common element in A Ո B and C. Therefore, ( A Ո B ) Ո C = Ø
Solution: ( A Ո B ) Ո C = ({ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } Ո { 2, 4, 6 }) Ո { 1, 3, 5 }
{ 2, 4, 6 } Ո { 1, 3, 5 } = Ø or { }
e. Because B Ո C is an empty set, thus A Ո ( B Ո C ) is also an empty set.
Solution: A Ո ( B Ո C ) = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } Ո ({ 2, 4, 6 } Ո { 1, 3, 5 })
= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 } Ո { } or Ø = { } or Ø
Exercise 6: Try it !
Given: A = { 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 }, B = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 }, and

C = { 2, 4, 8, 16 }
Find:
a. A Ո B
b. A Ո C
c. B Ո C
Union of Sets
The union of sets A and B, written as A ∪ B, is the set of elements that are members of
A, or members of B, or members of both A and B.
Given : U = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g }, A = { a, e, i, o, u }, B = { a, b, c, d, e }, and
C = { c, u, b }
Find : a. A ∪ B c. B ∪ C e. A ∪ ( B ∪ C )
b.A ∪ C d. ( A ∪ B ) ∪ C
Solution:
a. A ∪ B = { a, e, i, o, u } ∪ { a, b, c, d, e }
= { a, e, i, o, u, b, c, d }
Note: In writing the elements of a set do not write it repeatedly.
b. A ∪ C = { a, e, i, o, u } ∪ { c, u, b }
= { a, e, i, o, u, c, b }
c. B ∪ C = { a, b, c, d, e } ∪ { c, u, b }
= { a, b, c, d, e, u }
d. ( A ∪ B ) ∪ C = ({ a, e, i, o, u } ∪ { a, b, c, d, e }) ∪ { c, u, b }
= { a, e, i, o, u, b, c, d }
e. A ∪ ( B ∪ C ) = { a, e, i, o, u } ∪ ({ a, b, c, d, e } ∪ { c, u, b })
= { a, e, i, o, u, b, c, d }
Exercise 7: Try it!

Given : A = { h, o, n, e, s, t } and B = { c, u, t, e }
Find: A ∪B
Study further the examples below:
Given sets: A = { 1, 3, 5 }, B = { 3, 6 } and C = { 2, 4 }
Find:
a. A ∪ C b. A ∪ B c. A Ո B d. ( A Ո B ) ∪ C
a. A ∪ C is the set of those elements that are in A and in C or in both sets.

A ∪ C = { 1, 3, 5 } ∪ { 2, 4 } = { 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 }
b. . A ∪ B is the set of those elements that are in A, in B or in both sets. Common elements are listed
only once .
A ∪ B = { 1, 3, 5 } ∪ { 3, 6 } = { 1, 3, 5, 6 }
c. A Ո B is the set of elements common in A and B. The only element common to both A and B is 3.
A Ո B = { 1, 3, 5 } Ո { 3, 6 } = { 3 }
d. ( A Ո B ) ∪ C = ({ 1, 3, 5 } Ո { 3, 6 }) ∪ { 2, 4 }
= { 3 } ∪ { 2, 4 }
= { 3, 2, 4 }
Question to Answer :
1. How are elements of the intersection of two or more sets determined?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. In what particular situation in real life will this idea apply?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Complement of a Set A
The complement of a set A, written as A’, is a set of all the elements in the universal set ( U )
that are not in set A.
Given: U = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, A = { 1, 3, 5 }, B = { 1, 5 }, and C={ }
Find: a. A’ c. C’ e. ( A ∪ B)’ g. A’ Ո B’
b. B’ d. ( A Ո B)’ f. A’ ∪ B’
Solution:
a. The complement of A is the set of elements in U but not in A. These elements are 2 and 4.
Thus, A’ = { 1, 3, 5 }’
= { 2, 4 }.
b. B’ = { 1, 5 }’ f. A’ ∪ B’ = { 1, 3, 5 }’ ∪ { 1, 5 }’
= { 2, 3, 4 } = { 2, 3, 4 }
c. C’ = { }’ g. A’ Ո B’ = { 1, 3, 5 }’ Ո { 1, 5 }’
= { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } or U = { 2, 4 }
d. . ( A Ո B)’ = ({ 1, 3, 5 } Ո { 1, 5})’
= { 1, 5 }’
= { 2, 3, 4 }
Exercise 8: Try it!

Given: U = { s, e, c, o, n, d, a, r, y }, A = { n, e, r ,d }
B = { d, i, a, r, y } C={ }
Find: a. A’ d. ( A Ո B ) ‘
b. B’ e. ( A ∪ B)’
c. C’ f. A’ Ո C’
Difference of Two Sets

The difference of two sets A and B, written as A – B, is a set of elements in A that are
not in B.
Given: A = { r, o, y, g, b, i, v } and B = { r, y, b }
Find: a. A – B b. B – A
Solution:
a. Taking A and subtracting B means elements in A that are not in B. Thus,
A – B = { r, o, y, g, b, i, v } - { r, y, b }
= { o, g, i, v }
b. B – A means elements in B that are not in A. Thus,
B – A = { r, y, b } - { r, o, y, g, b, i, v }
= { } or Ø
Exercise 9: Try it!

Given: A = { triangle, square, pentagon, decagon } B = { line, ray, triangle }
Find: a. A – B b. B - A
You just learned the basic operations of sets. Check your

understanding by doing the following activities.
Exercise 10:
Let U = { 1, 2, 3, . . . , 19, 20 } ; A = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19 }
B = { 2, 4, 6, 8, . . . , 18 } D=Ø
Find the following:

1. A’ ________________
2. B’ ________________
3. A Ո B ________________
4. B Ո C ________________
5. B ∪ C ________________
6. C ∪ D ________________
7. A ∪ B ________________
8. ( A Ո B ) Ո C ________________
9. A Ո ( B ∪ C ) ________________
10. C ∪ ( B Ո A ) _______________________

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WESTERN MINDANAO ADVENTIST ACADEMY

7028 Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines

“The School for Better Future”