Table of Contents

1 Title..........................................................................................................................................2
2 Objective..................................................................................................................................2
3 Machines Used for Sand Casting.............................................................................................2
3.1 Pneumatic Press................................................................................................................2
3.2 Riddle Machine.................................................................................................................2
3.3 Mechanical Forging Press.................................................................................................3
3.4 Furnace Section.................................................................................................................3
3.5 Sand Mixer........................................................................................................................3
3.6 Compressor.......................................................................................................................4
3.7 Anvil..................................................................................................................................4
4 Process Tools and their Description.........................................................................................4
4.1 Tong..................................................................................................................................4
4.2 Molding Box.....................................................................................................................4
4.3 Molding Board..................................................................................................................5
4.4 Sprue.................................................................................................................................5
4.5 Gate...................................................................................................................................5
4.6 Ladle..................................................................................................................................5
4.7 Chalk powder/clay............................................................................................................6
4.8 Molasses............................................................................................................................6
4.9 Roller.................................................................................................................................6
4.10 Vent Wire..........................................................................................................................7
4.11 Rammer.............................................................................................................................7
4.12 Cutting scale......................................................................................................................7
4.13 Lifter..................................................................................................................................8
4.14 Slick..................................................................................................................................8
4.15 Fork...................................................................................................................................8

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1 Title
To understand the use of various apparatus used in sand casting process.

2 Objective
 The aim of this lab is to learn the materials and apparatus used in Sand Casting
Procedure.
 To learn the operations of Tools

3 Machines Used for Sand Casting

There are many machines that are used in sand casting process that are given below

3.1 Pneumatic Press

A pneumatic press derives its primary mechanical action (such as shearing, punching, bending,
forming, drawing, extruding, assembly, or other action) from a pressure source by means of
compressed air

Fig 01: Pneumatic Press

3.2 Riddle Machine
A riddle is a large sieve used to separate soil or compost particles, or for separating soil from
vegetables. A riddle may be square, rectangular or circular in shape, with a rim made from wood,
metal, plastic or beech wood.

Fig 02: Riddle Machine

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3.3 Mechanical Forging Pre
3.4
3.5 ss
Mechanical presses belong to a class of machine tools that encompass a wide range of different
machine types. Primarily, the mechanical press transforms the rotational force of a motor into a
translational force vector that performs the pressing action.

Fig 03: Mechanical Forging Press

3.6 Furnace Section
It is the area in lab where furnaces are set up to provide heat for a process or can serve as reactor
which provides heats of reaction. Furnace designs vary as to its function, heating duty, type of
fuel and method of introducing combustion air.

Fig 04: Furnace Section

3.7 Sand Mixer
It is the machine which is used to mix sand particles uniformly. Usually sand is mixed with
molasses to make it more efficient for making mold.

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 Fig 05: Sand mixer

3.8 Compressor
It is the machine which uses air pressure to remove sand particles from cavity of the mold.

Fig 06: Compressor

3.9 Anvil
On anvil, the resulting product or metal is hammered if further machining is required to improve
the quality of desired metal.
375 × 522

4 Process Tools and their Description

4.1 Tong
Tongs are a type of tool used to grip and lift objects instead of holding them directly with hands.
There are many forms of tongs adapted to their specific use.

Fig 07: Tong

4.2 Molding Box
A frame packed with moulding sand around a pattern to form a mould for molten metal

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 Fig 08: Molding box
It has two parts
 Drag (lower part)
 Cope (upper part)
4.3 Molding Board
It is used to support the molding box and to ensure any leakage of liquid from molding box.

Fig 09: Molding Board

4.4 Sprue
A channel through which metal or plastic is poured into a mold.

Fig 10: Sprue

4.5 Gate
It is used to give path to the molten metal to pass easily into the cavity.
4.6 Ladle
A ladle used to pour molten metal into molds to produce the casting. In ladle molten metal is
placed which is then set to liquefaction at high temperature.

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 Fig 11: Ladle
4.7 Chalk powder/clay
It is an important material used in sand casting that prevents stickness of sand with metal during
solidification.

Fig 11: chalk powder/clay

4.8 Molasses
It is used as binding material in sand casting. It is used to increase dry strength and improve
surface.

Fig 12: Molasses

4.9 Roller
It is used to smooth the top surface at molding box.

Fig 13: Roller

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4.10 Vent Wire
A vent wire is used to form vents or holes in the rammed sand to provide easy escape of gases or
steam formed during pouring of molten metal.

Fig 14: Vent wire

4.11 Rammer
A sand rammer is a piece of equipment used in foundry to test specimen of molding sand by
compacting bulk material by free fixed height drop of fixed weight for 3 times. It has two parts
 Butt (Bottom round part)
 Pan (lower bent part)

Fig 15: Rammer

4.12 Cutting scale
It is used to remove extraordinary part from top of molding box.

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 Fig 16: Cutting Scale
4.13 Lifter
It is used to remove extra sand from cavity.

Fig 17: lifter

4.14 Slick
It is also used to remove extra sand from cavity.

Fig 18: Slick

4.15 Fork
It is used to lift the hot metal product formed after solidification.

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 Fig 19: Fork

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