MODULO DE INGLES A1-Signed

TALKING ABOUT YOUR DAILY LIFE
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
Put the dialogue in the right order.
1. Mr. Leighton gets up at 6:30 every day.
2. He has breakfast together with his wife and children Leighton gets up at
6:30 every day.
3. He doesn't take the subway to work. He prefers taking his car.
4. He always has a quick lunch because he has a lot of work.
5. He often goes out to the restaurant or the cinema with his wife.
6. He usually goes to bed late.
EJERCICIO 2
Listen to the following people and choose the sentence that best matches
each situation.
1. She has lunch in the office
2. He gets up early
3. He goes to work on foot.
4. In the evening, he does the housework.
5. She reads the newspaper in bed
EJERCICIO 3
Choose the best answer.
Tonight I'm going to bed early because I am very tired.
Where are the children? They're watching televisión.
I sometimes sit down in the kitchen and have a cup of tea.
He comes home straight after work.
During the week, we don't go out a lot.
I usually don't stay in the bathroom a long time: I get ready very quickly.
In the morning, my colleague always gets to the office before me.
EJERCICIO 4
Complete the sentences. The first letter is given.
She stays a long time in the bathroom.
His favourite meal is breakfast.
Cycling is a great way to get to the office.
On Friday night she goes to the pub with some friends.
EJERCICIO 5
Listen to each question and type in the verb for each answer.
I get up at about 7 o'clock.
No, no, I don't have time for a bath! I just have a quick shower.
I make tea for my husband and I. The children usually drink milk.
No, I always go by car so I can drop the children at school.
I usually eat lunch at the canteen. It's cheap and quick.
I always finish work at 4 pm, then I fetch the children from school.
He generally gets home after I do because he goes shopping at the
supermarket.
No, I prepare the evening meals ... my husband doesn't know how to cook!.
Well, they're still very young, so they go to bed around 8 pm.
After that, we usually watch the news or a DVD.
VOCABULARY
lunchtime
noun
The time when people usually eat lunch.
week
noun
Seven consecutive days; typically Monday to Sunday (in most countries).
get dressed
expression
To dress; to put on clothes; to clothe oneself.
have
irregular verb
To eat (a meal). To hold (a job).
on foot
expression
To walk somewhere.
colleagues
noun
(Plural form) The people you work with.
afterwards
adverb
At a later time.
go to bed
expression
To get into bed in preparation for sleep.
immediately
adverb
With no delay; instantly; right now.
morning
noun
Between 00h01 and 11h59; the part of the day after midnight and before
midday.
office
noun
A building or room where people do clerical, managerial or professional jobs.
busy
adj.
Active; having a lot to do.
asleep
adjective
To be sleeping; not awake.
go out
expression
To go to public places.
early
adjective
Before the usual or expected time.
evening
noun
The time of day between dusk/sunset and night; typically between 18h00 and
bedtime.
weather
noun
The conditions of the atmosphere, e.g. clouds, rain, heat, wind, sunshine, etc.
get to work
expression
To arrive at the workplace.
sometimes
adverb
Occasionally; not often.
often
adverb
Frequently, many times, regularly.
comfortable
adjective
Physically agreeable, relaxing.
finish work
expression
An expression indicating the end of a working day.
read
irregular verb
To look at and understand written information.
tired
adj.
In need of some rest or sleep.
watch
regular verb
To look at, see, or view for a period of time.
have a shower
expression
To wash onself under water that falls from a height.
have dinner
expression
To eat an evening meal.
go to
expression
To travel to.
around
preposition
Near; in the vicinity of; approximately.
take
irregular verb
To use a form of transport.
much
adjective
A large amount of.
get up
expression
To climb out of bed after sleeping.
TEST
Here, lunchtime at 12 o'clock.
I'm very busy this week
The children get dressed , then they have breakfast.
I usually have breakfast at 8 o'clock.
She sometimes goes to work on foot.
He has nice colleagues.
The meeting is at 5 pm. The dinner is afterwards, at 8 o'clock.
What time do you go to bed? - Usually, around 10:30.
Come here, immediately!
I take a shower in the morning.
I have a big office.
The phone is ringing again; it's a busy day!
He's in his bed, asleep.
I go out with my friends every Friday.
We go to work early and come home early.
In the evening the children watch TV or play games.
It's beautiful weather today.
They usually get to work on time.
We do the housework at the weekend.
We sometimes go to the cinema.
We often do sports.
The hotel we stayed in was very comfortable.
We finish work at 5 o'clock.
We read the newspaper every morning.
You look tired. Why don't you go and sleep?
I watch a film every Saturday.
I have a shower every morning.
We have dinner at 6 o'clock.
The children go to school every day.
Let's meet around lunchtime.
I usually take the bus to go to work.
There isn't much food in the fridge.
They get up at 7:30 am
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the sentence and select the best one..
I go to work by bicycle.
I go to work by motorbike.
I go to work on foot.
I go to work by car.
I go to work on the underground.
I go to work by bus.
EJERCICIO 2
Link the text to the sound.
I go to Germany by bus.
I go to Canada by plane.
I go to England by boat.
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.
Where are they?
At school
Floyd's dog
The teacher uses more formal language.
EJERCICO 2
Select the right answer.
"Sometimes he sleeps all day" means:
on some days but not every day.
"He never barks" means:
none of the time.
"It rains one time every year", means:
it rains 'almost never'.
"Rarely" is more formal than "almost never".
"As I always say" means:
I say 'all the time'.
"Adverbs of frequency" answer the question:
How often...?
VOCABULARY
Meaning - Summary
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverb Example
"The sun always rises in the

High frequency always
morning"
"It often rains in

often / almost always / usually
Manchester"
"Sometimes you win,

sometimes sometimes you lose ... it's
50/50"
"My football team is not very

rarely / almost never
good, we almost never win"
Low frequency never "It never rains in the desert"
Put the elements in the right order.

They never come to the café anymore .
My mum is always right !
She always has the right answer .
Sometimes Javi is really annoying .
We usually meet every Saturday .
We can put adverbs of frequency in one, two or three places in a simple sentence:
1) Before the subject.
___ subject ___ verb phrase ___.
Sometimes
Usually
"Usually I go to the park with Floyd."
2) After the subject.
sometimes
usually
(almost) never
(almost) always
often
rarely
"I often go to the park with Floyd."
3) After the verb phrase.
sometimes
usually
"I go to the park with Floyd sometimes."
Important
Notice that we use position 2 the most.
But, when the verb is 'to be', the adverb of frequency comes after and not before.
E.g. "She is never at home these days."
Example
In questions, the adverb of frequency goes after the subject (position 2).
E.g. "Do you often go swimming?"
Tips and Tricks
We often use adverbs of frequency to answer these two questions:
Do you ever + verb ..?
How often do you + verb ..?
EJERCICIO 4
Floyd: Katie! Katie: Oh hi Floyd. What’s up? Floyd: Nothing. Katie: Why is
Mister Snaffles here at school? Does Sasha know you’ve got her dog? Floyd:
Sasha is never at home - she's always out with her new friends these days.
EJERCICO 5
Katie: What new friends? Floyd: Biffer, Topsy … Wedgy. Katie: Not Wedgy??
Floyd: Yeah. Sometimes she comes home after midnight.
Katie: How often does she do that?
Floyd: More and more. Are you alright? Katie: I miss her Floyd. I’m worried
about her. I almost never see her these days.
EJERCICO 6
LECCION 4
EJERCICIO 1
Katie has classes every day.
False
Katie doesn't like sport.
False
Katie asks Javi about his family.
False
Katie doesn't live with her brother.
True
EJERCICO 2
I don't have classes on Tuesdays and Thursday.
Regular actions
Exeter is close to my village.
Facts
Politics are interesting!
Opinions
Sometimes we go swimming.
Regular actions
I have a brother.
Facts
He's very boring.
Opinions
Meaning - Summary
Regular action / event
I don't have classes on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

She studies in the evening.
He does his homework at the weekend.
Opinion
Opinions
Politics are very interesting!

He plays the guitar well.
They aren't boring!
Facts
He has a cat.
We don't live in Glasgow.
Milan doesn't have a river.
EJERCICO 3
I / You / We / They have classes on Wednesdays.
He / She / It has a brother.
I / You / We / They live in Exeter.
He / She/ It plays music.
(verb)+s = He / She / It
EJERCICIO 4
I / You / We / They don't have a sister.
He / She / It doesn't have a best friend.
I / You / We / They don't play the guitar.
He / She / It doesn't go to university.
Do not / Don't + (verb) = I / You / We / They
Does not / Doesn't + (verb) = He / She / It
EJERCICIO 5
E.g. Do you have any brothers or sisters?
Does she have classes on Wednesdays ?
Do we have any coffee ?
Does it play music ?
Does Paris have a metro system ?
Do they study science ?
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Forms - Summary
Positive - Regular verbs
I live play
You live play
He / She / It lives plays
We live play
They live play
Positive - Common irregular verbs
I have do
You have do
He / She / It has does
We have do
They have do
Important
Spelling
(verb)consonant+y He / She / It (verb)consonant+ies
E.g. try, study He / She / It tries, studies
Negative
I do not have
You do not have
He / She / It does not have
We do not have
They do not have
Questions
Do
Do
Does
Do
Do
Important
In negative sentences and questions, ONLY the auxiliary verb (do does) changes.
The main verb (e.g. have, go, live etc...) NEVER changes.
EJERCICIO 6
Type the right answer.
Hi Katie, How are you, today? Yes, I play (play) sports. I don't play (not play)
hockey, but I go (go) swimming. Principio del formulario
EJERCICIO 7
Bruno comes (come) with me sometimes. I also like (like) football but only to
watch. Spain has (have) three or four great teams.
EJERCICIO 8
Why do you think (think / you) your brotheris(be) boring?! What does (do /
he)?
Javi P.s. Do you have (have / you) a phone number? Sometimes my internet
does not work (not work).
LECCION 5
EJERCICIO 1
Katie asks the questions.
Who is very important to Javi?
His mother
Javi thinks the questions are
difficult
EJERCICIO 2
'Who' refers to a person / people.
'Why' asks for a
reason.
'Which' refers to one thing from a limited number of things.
The answer to a 'where' question is
a place.
'What' asks about
a thing / things.
'How' asks for a
description.
A question word [+ do / does + subject] =
an object.
Who / What [+ verb in 3rd person sing.] =
a subject.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
Question words as Subjects [Question word + to be]
Question Example answer
Who knows the answer? Johnny knows
What is the answer? 5 x 5 = 25
Which bag is yours? This one
When is your birthday? The 28th of March
Where is the party? O'Rafferty's bar and grill
How is your mum? She's very well, thanks.
Why is the sky blue? It's not. You just think it is.
Example
Question words as Objects [Question word + do(es) + subject + verb]
Who do you play tennis with? Javi's mum
What do you want for dinner? Lasagne

Which musical instrument do you play? The guitar
When do you finish work? At 9
Where does he live? In Switzerland
How do you change the TV channel? You need to press the green button
Why does he want to see me? Because you are his favourite
EJERCICIO 3
What does he do?
What does he do?
When are the elections?
Where do they live?
How is he?
Why do dogs bark?
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Example
Question word + verb
Do not use do/does (auxiliary) if the question word, who/what/which is the subject
of the sentence.
E.g. What happens at weekends in this town?
Example
Question word + do/does + verb
When the question word is not the subject,
E.g. Who do you live with?
We use the auxiliary do/does.
Important
Notice the position of prepositions in this kind of question:
Which school do you go to?
Who do you live with?
Where do you come from?
EJERCICIO 4
Javi: Haha. Now it’s my turn.
Katie: Who
says?
Javi: I do! So, which country in Europe do you want to go to? Katie: Oh … I
dunno.
EJERCICIO 5
Javi: What do you mean? Where do you usually go on holiday? Katie: …
Ermm … Javi: My favourite country is Slovenia. It’s so beautiful.
EJERCICIO 6
Katie: Slo-ve-n-ia? Where
's that?
Javi: Katie! You don’t know? How is that possible?
Katie: Umm… Why don't we play a different game?
Talk About Your Hobbies
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
EJERCICIO 2
Listen and choose true or false.
Hello, I'm Michael.
TRUE
I'm English, I'm from London.
FALSE
I don't like music. I don't play the piano.
FALSE
I like sport. I play football. I like jogging, too.
TRUE
I play golf.
FALSE
Speak About Your Weekend Activities
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
EJERCICIO 2
Listen and choose true or false.
Hello, I'm Michael.
TRUE
I'm English, I'm from London.
FALSE
I don't like music. I don't play the piano.
FALSE
I like sport. I play football. I like jogging, too.
TRUE
I play golf.
FALSE
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions. *How many (friends)? =
what number of (friends)?
Katie and Javi talk about:
the people at home
Who lives with family?
Katie
EJERCICIO 2
Nouns are:
People, places & things
How many brothers does Katie talk about?
One
How many girls does Javi live with?
More than one
‘Brother’, ‘driver’ and ‘guy’ are examples of: singular nouns.
‘Motorways’, ‘friends’, ‘girls’ are examples of: plural nouns.
‘Motorway’, ‘friend’, ‘girl’ are regular plural nouns because we put -s at the end.
‘Buses’, lorries’, ‘people’ are irregular plural nouns because they don't end -s.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Nouns (singular & plural)
We use singular nouns for 1
We use plural nouns for 2+
Important
There are regular and irregular ways to make a plural noun.
Important
Sometimes we put two nouns together to give the 2nd noun a more specific
meaning.
Example
A club where people play tennis = a tennis club
An adult who helps (assists) in a classroom = a teaching assistant
A child who is at school = a school child
EJERCICIO 3
Regular plural nouns =
noun+s
Plurals of nouns ending consonant +y (e.g. celebrity) =
-y > -ies
For nouns ending s, z, sh, ch, x (e.g. bus), we put:
-es
'Man', 'woman', 'child' are irregular nouns.
EJERCICIO 4
Write the plural form of these irregular nouns
address =>addresses
country =>countries
beach =>beaches
child =>children
woman =>women
university =>universities
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Regular nouns
noun e.g. job noun+s e.g. jobs
Irregular nouns
noun+ies (no
noun+y e.g. country e.g. countries
'y')
noun+s/z/sh/ch/x e.g. bus noun+es e.g. buses
... more irregular nouns
man men
woman women
child children
person people
EJERCICIO 5
Katie: Who do you live with? Javi: Friends … they’re great people.
Katie: Aww, that’s nice. Javi: So, you live with your mum and stepdad, right?
Katie: That's it.
EJERCICIO 6
Javi: What do they do? Katie: My mum has two jobs. She works with school
children as a teaching assistant.
And, 3 or 4 evenings a week, she makes dresses for theatre.
EJERCICIO 7
Javi: Wow really? Katie: Yeah! She's a supermum! What does your mum do?
Javi: She has a cultural foundation in Bilbao ... but usually she is at the tennis
club!
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Are the statements true or false?
You take a bath in the kitchen.
FALSE
Guests sleep in the guest room.
TRUE
You watch TV in the living room.
TRUE
You park your car in the hall.
FALSE
Sometimes there are no windows in the bathroom.
TRUE
You eat in the toilet.
FALSE
EJERCICIO 2
This conversation happens after Katie’s visit to Spain.
What happened first? Meeting friends?
We use the past simple to talk about things that happened in a time that is
finished.
We use the past simple to talk about past events in an order (first, second,
third).
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
We use the Past Simple to talk about:
Use Example
Sequence / Order of
I woke up and got out of bed. Then I brushed my hair.
events
Things that last for a long

I was in hospital for months after the accident.
time
Things in the past

Dinosaurs lived on the Earth millions of years ago.
(distant)
Things in the past (recent) I just came home 5 minutes ago.
Important
Notice the words we use to communicate more information about the present
simple ...
● then
● for a long time

● ago
● just
EJERCICIO 3
Positive statements
Regular verbs in the past simple end with:
-ed
'to have', 'to go', 'to do' & 'to see' are all examples of irregular verbs.
Negative verbs We put the auxiliary did not/didn’t before the main verb to
make a negative sentence.
The main verb is in the base form.
Questions
The order is:
Aux. – Subject – Verb
If the question word (who, what) is the subject of the sentence, we don't use an
auxiliary. And the main verb is in the past simple form.
EJERCICIO 4
Match these irregular verbs in the past simple with their infinitive:
Had:
to have
Did:
to do
Went:
to go
Saw:
to see
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Common irregular Past Simple verbs
Base Past Simple
say said
make made
take took
come came
get got
give gave
think thought
leave left
feel felt
know knew
Reminder
Positive
Subject + verb + ...
Example
I got a cat for Christmas.
Reminder
Negative
Subject + did not (didn't) + verb + ...
Example
I didn't ask for a cat.
Reminder
Question
1) Did + subject + verb + ...?
2) Question word (object) + did + subject + verb + ...?
3) Question word (subject) + verb + object + ...?
Example
1) Did you ask for a dog?
2) What did you ask for?
3) Who gave you the cat?
Important
Regular verbs in the Past Simple end in -ed.
EJERCICIO 5
Complete the sentences. The first letter is given.
In this apartment, the kitchen is well fitted. It has all the necessary equipment.
The lounge and dining room form one single big living room.
There are three bedrooms in this apartment; the first is ours, the second is
used as an office and the third as a guest room, when we have visitors.
The bathroom is very practical. There's a separate toilet, but there's no
shower room.
There's a small terrace at the front, facing the street.
VOCABULARY
Revisa tu vocabulario
small
adjective
Not large or big.
windows
noun
Plural form of an opening in the wall of a building or vehicle, fitted with glass so
that people can see out and light can come in.
new
adj.
Not old; modern; current.
big
adjective
Large.
volume_up
Let me
expression
An polite offer to do something.
Here's
expression
Contraction of 'here is'; to indicate that something/someone is present.
EJEMPLO
terrace
noun
Patio; veranda; a level paved area next to a building.
great
adjective
Really good; very good; super; excellent.
kitchen
n.
A room or area where people prepare food/meals.
cosy
adjective
Comfortable, warm, relaxing.
a lot of
expression
A large amount.
Is there
expression
An questioning expression to ask if something is present.
bathroom
noun
The room that has a bath, shower, basin and/or toilet.
washing machine
n.
An electrical appliance that washes clothes.
living room
noun
A room in a house for informal, social and leisure activities; a sitting room; a
lounge.
bedroom
n.
The room with beds where people sleep.
next to
prep.
Beside; alongside; adjacent.
guest room
noun
A bedroom in a house for visitors to sleep in.
office
noun
A building or room where people do clerical, managerial or professional work.
TEST
Escribe la respuesta correcta:
The bathroom is quite small.
My bedroom has big windows.
Eduardo wants to buy a new car.
That's a big dog!
Let me show you my house!
Here's our fully equipped kitchen.
My apartment has a big terrace.
You're a great teacher.
I want a modern kitchen so I can cook for my friends.
It's very cosy in here!
There's a lot of space in the kitchen.
Is there a lift? Yes, there is.
The bathroom is on the second floor.
You can wash all your clothes in this fantastic washing machine.
We have a big living room.
The apartment has three bedrooms, it's enough for us and our two children.
In the class photo, Michel is next to Sophie.
There's a cosy guest room on the second floor.
What time do you get to the office? I usually get to the officeat 8 o'clock.
Describe the Plans for the Day
LECCION 1
EJERCICO 2
EJERCICO 3
They'll go to see the eight pm circus performance.
They have another fifteen minutes to do the shopping.
They'll take a guided tour at quarter to two.
They're going to see the "Light and Sound" performance at ten thirty.
EJERCICIO 4
- I don't have a car right now. -
No problem, I'll come and fetch you.
- I'm not very hungry. -
If you prefer, we can eat later.
- Let's go out for dinner; which type of food do you prefer, Japanese or
Chinese? -
Actually, I don't mind; you can choose.
- Do you agree? –
Not at all!
- I'm so happy! I've finally got my driving licence. –
Congratulations!
VOCABULARY
have lunch
expression
To eat a meal at lunchtime.
guided tour
expression
An organised visit of a site, often visited by tourists, that is led by a person with
knowledge of that place.
some
adjective
An unspecified amount of something.
stroll
noun
To walk slowly; to go somewhere on foot in a relaxed manner.
theatre
noun
A place or building for concerts or shows, with a stage and rows of seats.
volume_up
up to you
expression
An expression that offers the other person a choice/decision.
pick up
expression
To collect someone, often a passenger in a vehicle.
tickets
noun
(Plural form) The pieces of paper that allow entry to a film, show, concert, sports
match, etc.
TEST
I usually have lunch at 12:30.
There's a guided tour at 10 o'clock.
Let's have some fun.
Let's go for a stroll in the park.
I like going to the theatre.
We can leave now or later. It's up to you
I usually pick up the children from school at lunch-time.
I have 2 tickets for the football match.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
talking on the phone talking on the phone
Brigitte offers to help Tony
find a job
They are going to eat a pizza
at home
EJERCICIO 2
Brigitte decides to go to Tony's house while they are talking.
Brigitte and Tony make plans to meet
at that moment.
Tony suggests getting food
while they are talking on the phone.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Meaning - Summary - Rule

Reminder
You can use will when you make a spontaneous decision. It can be a quick decision
or an offer, or both.
Important
Will is not used to talk about things you decided before.
Example
Look! My friends are over there ... I will introduce you. (Quick decision)
What! You forgot your purse? Don't worry. I'll pay. (Offer)
A: When are you going on holiday?
B: Oh .. I don't know. Maybe I'll wait until September. (Quick decision)
EJERCICIO 5
Tony: Hey! Just in time. The pizza is here. Brigitte: Great. I am so hungry! Tony:
Shall weeat in the kitchen or outside? Principio del formulario
Brigitte: It's too cold outside. Let's eat in the kitchen. Tony: Ok I'll get the plates.
Brigitte: We won't need plates. It's pizza!
EJERCICIO 6
Brigitte: Tony, this pizza has mushrooms on it! I can't eat that. I hate
mushrooms. Tony: Whoops! I forgot to say 'no mushrooms' ... I'll take them off.
Brigitte: Thanks. Shall I get us a drink?
Tony: Sounds good. I'll have an orange juice, thanks.
EJERCICIO 7
Brigitte: Mmm ... that was delicious. Shall we start (start) looking for jobs now?
Tony: Yes! I'll get (get) my laptop.
Brigitte: Ok. I'll start (start) looking on my phone then
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Javi and Leti talk about
daily routines.
Leti works
long days.
Sometimes she meets people outside the office.
True
EJERCICIO 2
We use 'at' for times (E.g. 2 o'clock).
We use 'on' for days. (E.g. Monday). Principio del formulario
We use 'in' with parts of the day (E.g. the morning) ... also years and months.
If the time is approximate (not precise) we use
'around'.
'Next', 'this' & 'every' do not need a preposition.
We use 'until' to talk about the time before a point in time. (E.g. I work until
8pm).
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Prepositions of time
Preposition Use
At Time (o'clock) & 'the weekend'
In Years, months, parts of the day
On Days
From - until (E.g. 2 5) Time between two points (2pm & 5pm)
Next, this, every Days, weeks, months, years (no preposition)
What time ..? When ..? No preposition
Meet me at 4pm ok?

It's cold in February.
We run on Wednesdays.
We run from 9am until 11am.
Next year / This Tuesday / Every weekend
What time do you want to catch the bus?
EJERCICIO 3
Leti: Why don’t you tell me what you do all day? Javi: Well, I get up at 8.
Leti: 8 exactly? Javi: Ermm …around (not exactly) 8.
EJERCICIO 4
Leti: Uh huh. Javi: Classes usually go from 10 until 2. I have lunch every day
with Bruno and some others. Principio del formulario
Talk About Food You Like or Dislike
EJERCICIO 1
EJERCICO 2
Match the sentence with the image.
I like fish.
I don't like vegetables.
I like vegetables.
I don't like fish.
EJERCIO 3
Match the sentence with the image.
I eat fruit.
I don't eat bread.
I don't eat fruit.
I eat bread.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
EJERCICIO 2
EJERCICO 2
There are many dogs. We have one of them. => We have a dog.(indefinite
article)
Mr Andrew's job is postman. Postman is a job. => Mr Andrew is a
postman.(indefinite article)
The post (letters and packages) is here. We only have one postman. =>The
postman has come today.(definite article)
Mr Andrew works on this street and the streets close to my house. => He works
in this area.
I live with two friendly cats. The neighbour's cats are not friendly. =>These cats
are friendly. Those cats (in my neighbour's house) are not.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
a/an: main uses
An example of something "We have a dog"

What kind of thing it is "Mister Snaffles is a Dachshund"
What job a person has "My mum is a teaching assistant"
What we use something for "Roxy the Rottweiler is an excellent guard dog!"
To describe people / things "She has a white spot on her head"
Important
We do not use 'a/an' with possessives (NOT "a my cat").
We do not use 'a/an' with plural nouns ... we use 'some' or no article.
Example
the: main uses
"Just close the door"

"The postman doesn't go there"
To mean 'you know which one(s)'
"She loves swimming in the sea"
"Someone is on the telephone"
Important
With plural and uncountable nouns, we do not use 'the' in generalisations:
(NOT "I prefer the cats") ... "I prefer cats".

(NOT "I like the techno music") ... "I like techno music".
(NOT "I study the English literature") ... "I study English literature".
Reminder
this / that / these / those
CLOSE FAR
Singular this that
Plural these those
Example
Floyd: Are these your cats? (These cats here in this room)
Katie: This one is mine. (The cat close to us)
Katie: That one is my brother's. (The cat not close to us ... the cat on the other side
of the room)
Katie: Where are my shoes?
Floyd: Are they these ones? (Floyd holds some shoes in his hands)
Katie: No, those ones. (Katie points her finger at some shoes on the floor)
EJERCICIO 3
The cats are tired. It's bedtime!
no article postmen generally work in the morning.
The postman is late this morning.
I like no article cats more than dogs.
The cats are very tired these days.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Reminder
We only use a/an with singular nouns.
We can use the with singular, plural and uncountable nouns.
We use this and that with singular nouns.
We use these and those with plural nouns.
Example
She eats a banana and an orange every morning for breakfast.
Put the pen down. Put the pens down. Where's the money?
The Queen of England says: "The money the British use is different.
In this country we use the pound."
Napoleon says: "Ze money ze British use is different. In that country they use ze
pound."
"I don't like these toys" says the little boy, "I want one of those toys". He points at
some different toys.
EJERCICIO 4
Floyd is in the garden with his dog, Mister Snaffles. There are 3 balls on the
grass; a blue one and two red ones. Floyd: Come here, Mister Snaffles! Give
me a ball. Any ball ... it doesn't matter.
Mister Snaffles pauses and looks at the balls.
Floyd: OK. Give me the blue one, Mister Snaffles.
EJERCICIO 5
Mister Snaffles picks up a red ball.
Floyd: No! Not that one!
Mister Snaffles puts the ball down. Floyd: Blue! Blue!
EJERCICIO 6
Mister Snaffles picks up the other red ball in his mouth and takes it to Floyd.
Floyd takes the ball.
Floyd: This one is red, Mister Snaffles ... red. That one is blue. Do you
understand? Mister Snaffles looks at Floyd and breathes in and out.
Shop for Food
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
EJERCICIO 2
Fill in the gaps using:
butter - milk - bread - bar of chocolate - packet of crisps - lettuce
For the salad we need lettuce and tomato.
A packet of crisps is a popular choice for a quick, salty snack.
For breakfast I always have milk with my cereal.
Would you like butter on your toast?
What sort of bread do you like: white or brown?
This bar of chocolate is made in Belgium - it is very good!
EJERCICIO 3
Listen to the dialogues and say where they take place.
At the chemist's
At the butcher's
At the grocer's
At the newsagent's
At the baker's
VOCABULARY
peas
noun
(Plural form) An edible vegetable; the small, round, green seeds inside a
legume.
closed
adjective
Shut; not operating.
good evening
expression
A polite greeting in the evening.
bottle
noun
A container, typically made of glass and having a tapered neck, used for holding
liquids.
baker's
expression
A shop where bread, cakes, biscuits, tarts, etc. is sold.
bread
n.
A foodstuff we make by baking dough in an oven, made from flour.
Anything else
expression
A shortened expression of the phrase "Would you like to buy/eat/have/do
anything else?"; used to ask if someone would like anything more.
butter
noun
A soft, fatty foodstuff made by cow's milk, and spread on bread or used in
cooking.
tin
noun
A container made from a metal (called tin) typically used to store biscuits,
cookies, cakes.
lettuce
noun
The leaves of the lettuce plant, eaten as a vegetable; often in salads.
bar of chocolate
expression
A flat slab of sweet confectionery made from cacao seeds.
Who's
expression
The contracted form of “who is”.
Can
modal
(Modal verb) An informal request for permission to do/have something.
some
pronoun
An unspecified amount of something.
a packet of
exp.
A small quantity of something, typically contained within a paper or plastic
cover.
milk
n.
The white liquid produced by cows and goats, and used to make dairy products:
cheese, butter, yoghurt, etc.
TEST
I love Green peas and carrots.
The shop is closed for holidays until next week.
Have a good evening!
There's a bottle of orange juice in the fridge.
You can buy bread at the baker's. Or, you can buy bread at the baker's shop.
Do you buy your bread in a bakers shop? - No, I buy it in a supermarket.
-Anything else? - Yes, a packet of crisps, please.
Could you pass me the butter, please?
In English, a tin is a metal container for food.
They eat lettuce every day; lettuce is a type of green salad.
Would you like a bar of chocolate?
-Who's there? -It's me, Paul.
-Can I have a packet of fish and chips, please? - Yes, of course.
- Do you have any lettuce? - No, you can get some at the grocer's.
Can I have that packet of rice?
- Do you want milk with your cereals? - Yes, please.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
The party is at Floyd's house.
Floyd is not very good at organising parties.
At the end they decide to go
to the supermarket.
EJERCICIO 2
We use 'some', 'any' & 'no' with:
plural & uncountable nouns.
We use 'some' after positive verbs, e.g. 'I need some peanuts'.
We use 'any' after negative verbs, e.g. 'I don't have any news'.
In most questions, we use
'any'.
In questions that make an offer (e.g. Would you like ..?), we use
'some'.
"There's no exciting news" is the same as:
"There isn't any exciting news".
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
We use some after positive verbs. It means 'a number / an amount of'.
E.g. "There are some people in the garden".
We also use it in questions that make offers and requests.
E.g. "Do you want some help?"
Example
We use any after negative verbs.
E.g. "I don't have any exciting news".
We use it in questions.
E.g. "Have you got any drinks?"
We also use it in negative structures with words like 'never' and 'without'.
E.g. "He never has any time to talk these days".
Example
We use no after positive verbs. It is similar to any.
E.g. "I don't have any exciting news" => "I have no exciting news".
EJERCICIO 3
Are there any biscuits left?
They have no children
Have you got any free time on Friday morning?
Would you like some / coffee?
Do you have any / money for the bus?
I can do it without any / help.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Important
'Some', 'any' & 'no' + 'where', 'thing' & 'body/one' = new word
Some
Somewhere A place ... we don't know which.
Something A thing ... we don't know which.
Someone A person ... we don't know which.
Any
Anywhere A place ... which one is not important.

Anything A thing ... which one is not important.
Anyone A person ... which one is not important.
No
Nowhere No place /s
Nothing No thing /s
No one No person / people
EJERCICIO 4
Katie: Ooh can we get some lemonade?
Floyd: Sure. But maybe get one that has no sugar. I don't have any sugar free
drinks yet.
EJERCICIO 5
Katie: Good plan. There’s always some body who doesn't like sugary drinks.
Floyd: And what about the bread and the cakes … are they gluten-free? I don’t
know any thing about that.
Katie: Hmm … I can’t see any thing on the packet.
EJERCICIO 6
Katie: I can change them for some thing else if you like?
Floyd: I don’t see any gluten free things any where.
Plan a Meal
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
EJERCICIO 2
Find the odd one out.
tomatoes - sausages - courgettes - onions Principio del formulario
sausages
wine - coffee - water - fish
fish
a dessert - a menu - an aperitif - a first course
a menu
chocolate mousse - steak and kidney pie - strawberry cheese cake - apple
crumble
steak and kidney pie
rosé - red wine - grape juice - white wine
grape juice
EJERCICO 3
Tea and scones are usually served at the beginning of each meal.
FALSE
For starters, I'll serve a delicious rice pudding.
FALSE
Champagne is often served as a delicious appetizer, before a meal.
TRUE
A side dish is usually served at the end of a meal.
FALSE
A main dish often consists of meat or fish.
TRUE
In the U.K., one can also have cheese at the end of a meal, in place of a sweet
dessert.
TRUE
VOCABULARY
Onion
A white or red vegetable bulb, with a strong smell and taste.
several
adjective
A few; not many.
tomato
A red (or sometimes yellow) fruit, often eaten as a vegetable in salads.
careful
adjective
Having care (for); attentive to potential danger, error or harm; cautious.
suggest
regular verb
To propose; to recommend.
meat
n.
The flesh of an animal used as food.
dessert
noun
Sweet final course of a meal.
food
n.
What people eat.
delicious
adjective
Very tasty; very pleasing to eat because the taste is so nice.
strawberries
n.
(Plural form) Red, summer, berry fruit often eaten with cream or as icecream.
wine
n.
An alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of grapes.
fish
n.
A cold-blooded vertebrate animal that lives in water, e.g. salmon, bass, trout,
cod. The flesh is often edible and is also called 'fish'.
mushroom
n.
A fungal growth of which some types can be eaten.
prefer
regular verb
To favour; to like one thing more than another thing.
salmon
n.
A type of edible fish, pink in colour.
love
regular verb
To like something/someone a great deal.
in season
expression
The time when fresh produce (fruit and vegetables) is readily available in large
quantities.
roast beef
proper n.
To cook the meat of a cow/bull/ox in an oven or over a fire.
vegetables
noun
Plants grown as edible food (but not fruit or grains).
volume_up
hate
regular verb
To strongly dislike. The opposite of love.
chicken
n.
A domestic fowl. The meat from this bird eaten as food.
main course
noun
The main serving or dish of a meal, usually cooked.
mix
noun
The result of combining items normally kept separate.
idea
noun
A plan; an intention; a suggestion; a thought about something.
starters
noun (plural)
(Plural form) The first, usually small, course of a meal.
TEST
Principio del formulario
Don't onions make you cry?
There are several mistakes in your text. In fact, there aren't many mistakes in
your text, but more than 2 or 3.
I often eat tomato sauce with spaghetti.
You have to be careful when you drive in bad weather.
- What do you suggest for the main course? – I suggest the roast beef with
Yorkshire pudding.
Victoria isn't vegetarian. She eats meat approximately three times a week.
In general we have a dessert at the end of a meal.
Do you like Italian food?
This food is delicious. So, this food is very, very good.
Whether they be in a tart, on their own with sugar or chantilly cream...
strawberries are his favourite fruit.
- I like red wine. And you? - I prefer white. I don't like red wine.
Fried fish is a regional speciality.
My father never buys mushrooms, he gathers them himself in the forest.
I prefer red to blue. Or, I like red more than I like blue.
Salmon is a highly flavoured fish. What's more, its pink colour makes it very
attractive.
I really love fish and chips.
When fresh food is in season, you can buy it in the shops.
I like roast beef on Sundays.
She really loves vegetables like carrots, peas, onions, etc.
When you hate something, you really don't like it at all!
They eat roast chicken every Sunday
In England, the main course is the principal part of a meal.
Cake is a mix of different ingredients.
- Let's have a holiday! - Yes, that's a great idea.
Starters are what we eat before the main course.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions. *How many (friends)? = what
number of (friends)?
Katie and Javi talk about:
the people at home
Who lives with family?
Katie
EJERCICIO 2
Nouns are:
People, places & things
How many brothers does Katie talk about?
One
How many girls does Javi live with?
More than one
‘Brother’, ‘driver’ and ‘guy’ are examples of: singular nouns.
‘Motorways’, ‘friends’, ‘girls’ are examples of: plural nouns
Motorway’, ‘friend’, ‘girl’ are regular plural nouns because we put -s at the end.
‘Buses’, lorries’, ‘people’ are irregular plural nouns because they don't end -s.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Nouns (singular & plural)
We use singular nouns for 1 person, place or thing
We use plural nouns for 2+ people, places or things
Important
There are regular and irregular ways to make a plural noun.
Important
Sometimes we put two nouns together to give the 2nd noun a more specific
meaning.
Example
A club where people play tennis = a tennis club
An adult who helps (assists) in a classroom = a teaching assistant
A child who is at school = a school child
EJERCICIO 3
Regular plural nouns =
noun+s
Plurals of nouns ending consonant +y (e.g. celebrity) =
-y > -ies
For nouns ending s, z, sh, ch, x (e.g. bus), we put:
-es
'Man', 'woman', 'child' are irregular nouns.
EJERCICIO 4
Write the plural form of these irregular nouns
address => addresses
country => countries
beach => beaches
child => children
woman => women
university => universities
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Regular nouns
noun e.g. job noun+s e.g. jobs
Irregular nouns
noun+y e.g. country noun+ies (no 'y') e.g. countries
noun+s/z/sh/ch/x e.g. bus noun+es e.g. buses
... more irregular nouns
man men
woman women
child children
person People
EJERCICIO 5
Katie: Who do you live with? Javi: Friends … they’re great people
Katie: Aww, that’s nice. Javi: So, you live with your mum and stepdad, right?
Katie: That's it.
EJERCICIO 6
Javi: What do they do? Katie: My mum has two jobs. She works with school
children as a teaching assistant.
And, 3 or 4 evenings a week, she makes dresses for theatre.
EJERCICIO 7
Javi: Wow really? Katie: Yeah! She's a supermum! What does your mum do?
Javi: She has a cultural foundation in Bilbao ... but usually she is at the tennis
club!
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Javi and Leticia are in Leticia's new home.
Leticia lives alone.
False
Javi is impressed with Leticia's home.
EJERCICIO 2
"Maybe it’s not big enough" means:Principio del formulario
"Maybe it's too small"
"It's pretty big" means:
"It's very big"
'Quite expensive' means
more than 'expensive'.
'So' means the same as
'very' & 'really'
"Hugo’s too busy with work" means
Hugo has more than enough work.
These words make adjectives & adverbs stronger.
REGLA GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
We use adjectives to describe the things we see, hear, feel, taste or smell.
"Woah! That is a big bedroom!"
"Argh! The water is cold."
Example
Adverbs of degree give more information about adjectives.
"Woah! That is not a very big bedroom!" (It's pretty small)
"Argh! The water is so cold!" (It's extra cold)
Example
Very, really & so mean the same as extra.
Quite & pretty can also mean extra (but less than 'very').
Important
Too is not the same as extra. Too means that what we see, hear, feel etc. is
excessive, or unpleasant or bad.
E.g. Most British people like hot weather. But most British people think that 30°c
is too hot. They don't like it.
Not enough is the negative equivalent of too.
E.g. 30°c is not hot enough for a sauna.
EJERCICIO 3
It's pretty hot in here, Javi. Can you open a window ?
It's not a very hot day, Leti .
I know, Javi, but I feel really hot .
Sorry but it's not hot enough to open a window .
It's my house, Javi! You're a pretty annoying guy, sometimes .
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Example
We can use these words with [adjective + noun]
Very
"He's a very naughty boy"
Really
"He's a really cool dog"
Pretty
"That's a pretty long book"
Quite
"Mmm ... it's quite a nice wine" *notice the position of the 'a'
We also use all of these words with [adjective], e.g. "He's very naughty".
Important
adjectives always go before nouns
Example
We can only use these words with [adjective]
So
"It's so far!"
Too
"It's too hot!"
Not ... enough
"It's not good enough!"
We cannot use these words with [adjective + noun].
EJERCICIO 4
Leticia: How is your new friend? Katie, is it? Javi: She's pretty well.Principio del
formulario
Leticia: What do you talk about? Javi: Well … family, friends, studies … but our
conversations aren't long enough.
EJERCICIO 5
Leticia: Aww … that’s really sweet!
Javi: Yeah – I want her to come to Bilbao … but I don’t know … Leticia: Too
soon?
Javi: Yeah ... probably. Leticia: Well, Javi, I’m quite tired. Javi: Sure … no
problem.
Order at a Restaurant
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
Choose the right answer.
Beer is
a drink.
Rice is
a side dish.
A glass of Bordeaux wine is
a drink.
Icecream is
a dessert.
Chocolate cake is
a dessert.
Soup is usually
a starter.
Steak is usually
a main course.
Roast beef is
a main course.
Lasagne is often
a main course.
Sparkling water is
a drink.
Mashed potatoes are normally
a side dish.
Cheese and ham omelette is often
a main course.
A piece of apple pie is
a dessert.
Fresh vegetables are
a side dish.
Smoked salmon is often
a starter.
EJERCICIO 2
Put the sentences in order of time.
1. Last Saturday evening, Alicia and Patrick went out to a nice restaurant.
2. When they arrived at the restaurant, Patrick asked for a table near the
window.
3. The waiter brought them the menu, and Alicia and Patrick then ordered
their meals.
4. They didn't have to wait too long for the waiter to serve the starters.
5. After the starters, Alicia and Patrick both had their delicious main dishes
with some wine.
6. After that, Alicia ordered a sweet dessert and Patrick his favourite
English cheese.
7. At the end of their meals, Patrick asked for the bill.
8. They then paid, said goodbye to the waiter and went home
EJERCICIO 3
Find the odd one out.
Here are the ingredients for my delicious homemade vegetable soup: green
beans, onions, carrots and cod.
cod
I'd like a cheddar cheese sandwich, with fresh lettuce, green peppers and
strawberry jam, please.
strawberry jam
Every morning I make my own fresh fruit juice from oranges, bananas,
pineapple and mustard.
mustard
I'd like the fruit salad with grapes, melon, potatoes and peaches, please.
potatoes
You can have gravy, English mustard, Yorkshire pudding or strawberry sauce
with your beef, sir.
strawberry sauce
VOCABULARY
drink
verb (irregular)
To swallow liquids/beverages. ('Don't drink and drive' means don't drink alcohol
if you are going to drive a vehicle afterwards.)
small
adjective
Not large or big.
coffee
noun
A hot drink, brown in colour, made from roasted coffee beans or coffee seeds.
water
n.
H₂O; the liquid required by all life forms.
also
adverb
In addition; besides; as well; further; too.
potatoes
noun
(Plural form) An edible root vegetable.
bill
noun
An invoice; a written/printed statement showing the price to be paid for
something.
book
verb
To reserve/request (something) in advance, for later use.
next to
expression
Beside; alongside.
sparkling
adj.
A bubbly, fizzy, effervescent liquid, e.g. champagne or soda water.
white
adjective
The colour of snow or milk. The opposite of black.
something
pronoun
An uncertain or unspecified thing.
dessert
noun
The final/last course of a meal, typically sweet in taste.
window
noun
An opening in a wall or vehicle to allow light and air to enter.
still (water)
n.
Water with no carbonation.
carrots
noun (plural)
(Plural form) An edible root vegetable, orange in colour.
after
adverb
Subsequently to; following in time; later. The opposite of before.
serve
verb
To set down (food or drink) on the table to be eaten; to bring (food, drink) to a
person.
order
verb
To ask for or request a service or product.
table
noun
An item of furniture with a flat top surface raised above the ground, usually on
one or more legs.
glass
noun
A vessel from which one drinks, typically made of glass or clear plastic.
soup
n.
A liquid meal, made by combining ingredients, like meat or vegetables, with
water or stock.
gravy
noun
A thick sauce made from the fat or juices that come out from meat or
vegetables as they are being cooked.
TEST
Don't drink and drive!
My house has a very small garden.
- Do you like instant coffee? - No, I like real coffee.
I only drink mineral water.
We'll have some wine and we'll also have a bottle of water. Or, we'll have some
wine and we'll have a bottle of water too.
One uses potatoes to make french fries.
- Anything else? - just the bill, please. - Here you are. That's €20, please.
- Did you book your train tickets? - Yes, we did.
The house next to ours is very big. Or, the house closest to ours is very big.
Sparkling mineral water has bubbles.
I'm dreaming of a White Christmas.
- Would you like something to eat? - No thanks.
- Would you like dessert? - Yes, I'll have the apple crumble.
Could you open the window, please?
Still mineral water has no bubbles.
Peas and carrots are my favourite vegetables. Peas are green and carrots are
orange.
I'll first play tennis and after that I'll have a shower.
- When do you serve tea? - Around 5 o'clock.
Let's order lunch. Or, let's ask for lunch.
I'd like to book a table for two, please.
I'd like a glass of water, please.
I'm making courgette soup for dinner.
In England, gravy is a type of sauce often served with meat.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions
Tony is good at skiing
True
Tony feels bad when he tries to stand.
Tony has always skied
False
EJERCICIO 2
Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions
The doctor tells Tony it is possible his leg will hurt when he tries to stand.
The doctor tells Tony there is a chance his leg will be better
in the present /in the future
When Tony tells the doctor about skiing. He talks about an ability he has in the
present but that he didn't have in the past
The doctor uses 'should' to tell Tony things that are
a good idea
The doctor tells Tony if he doesn't rest it is possible he won't ski in the future.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Important
We use the modal verbs - may and might to show that something is possible, but
not certain, in the present/future.
Example
They might come later. (I don't know)
I may have a pen in my bag. (I need to check)
Tips and Tricks
May and might are synonyms. May is more formal in spoken English.
Important
1. We use the modal verb can / can't to talk about our present abilities.
2. We use could not / couldn’t to talk about abilities in the past.
Example
1. I can't play football. I have broken my leg.
2. He can’t talk he, has a sore throat.
3. We couldn't speak French when we were at school.
Important
We use the modal verb should / shouldn't to give advice.
Example
You should see a doctor if you are still sick tomorrow.
You shouldn't carry that bag. It's very heavy!
EJERCICIO 3
To make negative sentences 'not' comes after the modal verb.
Verb (base form) is used after all modal verbs. And it is also possible to use
verb (ing) after should.
To make questions change the place of
the modal verb and the subject
We should never add 's' to the third person singular.
EJERCICIO 4
She may be late for work.
Could you drive when you were younger?
You should be listening to the teacher!
I cannot understand French.
Might she come to the party?
He can ski really well.
EJERCICIO 5
She may be late for work.
Could you drive when you were younger?
You should be listening to the teacher!
I cannot understand French.
Might she come to the party?
He can ski really well.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Important
May / Might
1. Positive - present / future
Subject + may/might + verb (base form)
2. Negative - present / future
Subject + may not/might not + verb (base form)
Example
1. I may be late for work.
2. I might not come to the party this weekend.
Important
Question form
To make questions - change the place of 'may/might' and the subject.
(Question word) + may/might + subject + verb (base form)?
Example
1. Why might he be late?
2. May she use the bathroom?
Important
Can / Could
1. Positive - present / past
Subject + can/could + verb (base form)
2. Negative - present / past
Subject + can't/cannot / couldn't/could not + verb (base form)
Example
1. I can ride a bike.
I could speak English well when I was 10.
2. I cannot drive.
I couldn't ride a bike when I was a child.
Tips and Tricks
After could and couldn't we usually say the time when we didn't have this ability.
We use expressions such as; "when I was + age/a child/at school".
Important
Question form
To make questions - change the place of 'can' and the subject.
(Question word) + can /can't + subject + verb (base form)?
Example
What can't she do?
Can he read?
Important
Should
1. Positive
Subject + should + verb (base form)
2. Negative
Subject + should not / shouldn't + verb (base form)
Example
1. You should do more exercise.
2. We shouldn't leave yet. It's raining outside.
Important
Question form
To make questions - change the place of 'should' and the subject.
(Question word) + should/shouldn't + subject + verb (base form)?
Example
Should we take the bus?
What shouldn't I eat before bed?
Tips and Tricks
These are all modal verbs and always followed by the verb (base form)
*Do not add ‘s’ to the third person singular.
For example - He should buy a new car. NOT He should buys a new car.
EJERCICIO 5
Doctor: Hi again Tony. Let’s have another look at your leg. Tony: Great doc! I
can stand (he is able to stand) on it now.
Doctor: That sounds good but you shouldn't stand (not a good idea to stand)
on it too much.
Tony: Sorry doc. My mum also told me I should (is a good idea) rest or it might
not (possible it won't) get better. Doctor: Yes, your mum is right!
EJERCICIO 6
Can you fill in the gaps?
Doctor: I will take the cast off now. It might hurt (possible it will hurt) a little, you
shouldn't (not a good idea) move.
Tony: Ok. I am ready. I won’t move. Doctor: (Are you able to) Can you stand?
Remember, it might (it is possible) hurt.
Tony: Yes! I can stand (it is possible for me to stand)
EJERCICIO 7
Doctor: And can you walk (are you able to walk) to the door?
Tony: oowwwhhhh no, I can’t (I am not able). What should I (is a good idea for
me) do?
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Katie asks the questions.
Who is very important to Javi?
His mother.
Javi thinks the questions are
difficult.
EJERCICIO 2
'Who' refers to a person / people.
'Why' asks for a
reason.
'Which' refers to one thing from a limited number of things.
The answer to a 'where' question is
a place.
'What' asks about
a thing / things.
'How' asks for a
description.
A question word [+ do / does + subject] =
an object.
Who / What [+ verb in 3rd person sing.] =
a subject.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
Question words as Subjects [Question word + to be]
Who knows the answer? Johnny knows

What is the answer? 5 x 5 = 25
Which bag is yours? This one
When is your birthday? The 28th of March
Where is the party? O'Rafferty's bar and grill
How is your mum? She's very well, thanks.
Why is the sky blue? It's not. You just think it is.
Example
Question words as Objects [Question word + do(es) + subject + verb]
Who do you play tennis with? Javi's mum
What do you want for dinner? Lasagne
Which musical instrument do you play? The guitar
When do you finish work? At 9
Where does he live? In Switzerland
How do you change the TV channel? You need to press the green button
Why does he want to see me? Because you are his favourite
EJERCICIO 3
What does he do?
Which teams do you like?
When are the elections?
Where do they live?
How is he?
Why do dogs bark?
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Example
Question word + verb
Do not use do/does (auxiliary) if the question word, who/what/which is the subject
of the sentence.
E.g. What happens at weekends in this town?
Example
Question word + do/does + verb
When the question word is not the subject,
E.g. Who do you live with?
We use the auxiliary do/does.
Important
Notice the position of prepositions in this kind of question:
Which school do you go to?
Who do you live with?
Where do you come from?
EJERCICIO 4
Javi: Haha. Now it’s my turn.
Katie: Who
says?
Javi: I do! So, which country in Europe do you want to go to? Katie: Oh … I
dunno.
EJERCICIO 5
Javi: What do you mean? Where do you usually go on holiday? Katie: …
Ermm … Javi: My favourite country is Slovenia. It’s so beautiful.
EJERCICIO 6
Katie: Slo-ve-n-ia? Where
's that?
Javi: Katie! You don’t know? How is that possible?
Katie: Umm… Why don't we play a different game?
Talk About Your Home

LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
The telephone line has no problems.
False
Javi is interested in the football match.
Katie sometimes goes to the football.
EJERCICIO 2
We use 'there is' to say that something exists .E.g. There is a river in
Manchester.
We use 'there isn't' to say that something doesn't exist.
We use 'there are' to say that more than one thing exists.
We use 'there aren't' to say more than one thing doesn't exist.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
There is means 'something exists'
'There' is not a specific place. We can say a specific place in a sentence with 'there
is'.
E.g.
There is an apple in the fridge.
There aren't any mistakes in this document.
Example
Normally, we say:
'There you are', or
'There we are'
when we give something to someone.
E.g. A shop assistant gives you your change (money).
"There you are".
EJERCICIO 3
Is there a river in Manchester ?
Yes, there is. And there are two canals .
What is there in Bilbao, rivers or canals ?
There aren't any canals. But there's a really important river .
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
With singular or uncountable nouns
Positive There is
Negative There is not (isn't)
Question Is there ..?

With plural nouns
Positive There are
Negative There are not (aren't)
Question Are there ..?
Example
We can add a subject pronoun like this:

"Where are you in this photo? I don't see you."
"There I am!"
"Where are my keys?"
"There they are!"
EJERCICIO 4
Javi: Is it extra busy tonight because of the football match? Katie: Yeah … there
are lots and lots of people. There isn't any space on the buses and the trams!
Is there a football team in Bilbao?
EJERCICIO 5
Javi: Yes. But there is only one… not like in Manchester! Katie, I want to ask
you something. Katie …? Katie …? Are you there? Argh! This telephone line is
really bad!!
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Sasha is with Katie.
False
Sasha has money for the bus.
False
EJERCICIO 2
We use 'in' with cities and countries.
After the verb 'go' we often put 'to'.
We use 'at' with places like 'home', 'work' & 'school'.
"The park is behind the school" is the same as
"The school is in front of the park".
We use 'on' for transport (trains, aeroplanes and buses).
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
We use prepositions like this:
= in "Sasha is in her bedroom"
= on "Dinner is on the table"
= under / below "The dog is under the table"
= out "Sasha comes out of her bedroom"
= between "The park is between two big buildings"
= in front of "The school is in front of the park"
= behind "The park is behind the school"
= next to "I sit next to Floyd"
Important
We also use them like this:
in : Manchester, Spain,
on : the bus, the train / the page, the screen, the map
to : go to (a place, a city, a country)
at : work, home, the cinema, the gym
EJERCICIO 3
Male teacher: Ok, today it’s European countries and their capital cities. Katie,
do you know where Luxembourg is? Katie: It’s here, sir, between France and
Germany.
Teacher: Very good. And who lives in Luxembourg? Katie: The Luxem …
burgers?
EJERCICIO 4
Teacher: Very good, Katie. Now … Floyd! Come up here. Show us where
Slovenia is on the map. Floyd? Where is Floyd today?
Katie: He’s at home, Sir. He's sick.
Teacher: Impossible! He was in the canteen at lunchtime.
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Look at the picture and choose the best answer.
In this room, there are two White sofas.
In the middle of the room there's a coffee table.
In the corner, on the left, there's a large bookcase with many books.
The light from the big lamp is very warm and pleasant.
On the floor, there's a carpet.
EJERCICIO 2
Look at the picture and say if it's true or false.
In this bedroom, there's a double bed.
TRUE
There's a very small window.
FALSE
There are two large wardrobes where you can put clothes.
FALSE
There's a mirror above the bed.
FALSE
On each side of the bed, there's a small night table.
TRUE
EJERCICIO 3
Complete the sentences by typing in the missing words. The first letter is
given.
This is my favourite room in the whole apartment.
In front of my desk, there's a very comfortable chair.
When I work, I often look out through the window. It's very pleasant.
I'm very tidy, so I've got several small filing cabinets where I file my documents.
There are also several shelves on the wall with some small decorative objects.
When friends visit me, my office also serves as a guest room.
There's also a big White carpet on the floor. It's very pretty.
There are also several shelves on the wall with some small decorative objects.
When friends visit me, my office also serves as a guest room
There's also a big White carpet on the floor. It's very pretty.
EJERCICIO 4
Listen and say which item of furniture is being referred to.
a shelf
a lamp
a bedside table
a wardrobe
a table
a bed
EJERCICIO 5
Listen and decide which room in the house is being referred to. The first letter is
given.
A living room
A kitchen
A toilet
A guest room
A storeroom
VOCABULARY
anything else
expression
Another thing; something more.
table
noun
A piece of furniture with a smooth, flat top and legs.
buy
irregular verb
To pay money for something.
bed
noun
A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, to sleep on.
bookshelves
noun
A thing where books are stored in rows. Plural form of bookshelf.
expensive
adjective
Not cheap; of a high price or cost.
king-size bed
expression
The largest piece of furniture people sleep on; bigger than a “queen-size”,
"double", "three-quarter" and "single" bed.
Sure
adverb
Certainly, of course, OK, yes.
cheap
adjective
Not expensive; low in price; easily affordable.
carpet
noun
A fabric that covers the floor; a large rug.
dining room
n.
A room, in a house or hotel, where people eat meals.
need
regular verb
Must; have to; an obligation; a requirement.
furniture
noun
The movable articles in a room - e.g. tables, chairs, sofas, desks - that people
use to live or work in.
some chairs
expression
Several/a few pieces of furniture that people sit on.
mattress
noun
A fabric that we sleep on at night when we are in bed.
lamp
n.
An electrical appliance that gives light.
home
n.
The place where people live full-time.
TEST
-Do you need anything else? -Yes, a packet of crisps, please.
There's a vase on the kitchen table.
Let's buy some food.
I have a king-size bed.
He has many bookshelves in his library.
The furniture is expensive. It costs a lot.
I'd like a king-size bed, please.
Would you like a coffee? Sure, I'd love one.
During the sales many things are very cheap.
There's a red carpet in my living room.
They always have dinner in the dining room.
I need to finish the report for my boss.
They have beautiful furniture.
I need to buy some chairs for the dining room table.
My bed has a good mattress.
My office is not very light. I need a good lamp.
My new home has 3 bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom.
LECCION 4
EJERCICIO 1
Complete the map by choosing from the suggestions.
along - continue - cross - on the right - on your right - on your right - on
the left - on the left - reach - straight - turn left - turn right
When you leave the station, you can see Cheap Stree t on the right. Continue
along Cheap Street until you reach Market Square. Here, you can see the Corn
Exchange on your right. Every Thursday is market day. Go straight until you
reach Wharf Street. Here, turn right and after 50 metres, you'll see Newbury
Town Hall on the left. The Kennet and Avon Canal is also on the left. Here,
you can find some cosy pubs and inns. If you continue along Wharf Street,
you'll reach Park View. Here, turn left again and cross the canal until you
reach Victoria Park, on your right.
EJERCICIO 2
EJERCICIO 3
Decide if the sentence is possible.
You can have a delicious cup of tea at the town hall.
FALSE
You can go for a nice walk along the canal.
TRUE
The luxury boutiques in the city centre sell great bread.
FALSE
Doctor Jarvis works at the local hospital.
TRUE
Once a week, I take the train at the station to visit my new neighbour.
FALSE
You can buy great books at the library.
FALSE
EJERCICIO 4
Listen to the tourist guide's explanations and answer 'yes' or 'no' where
appropriate.
The bus will first stop at Market Street no. Then, it'll stop at Newbury Town Hall
yes and the Stock Exchange no. After that, it will continue along Cheap Street
yes, where many of Newbury's businesses and luxury hotels are located no.
The tourists will visit Newbury Corn Exchange yes, Saint Nicholas Church no
and the luxury shops on Northfolke Street no. They'll also see Newbury Wharf
Museum yes and finally, they'll visit Queen Elizabeth Park no with its beautiful
pavillion.
EJERCICIO 5
In Brussels, tourists can admire the Grand-Place with its Gothic style Town
Hall and the different guild houses. Then, they can go and visit one of Brussels'
most famous places, the emblematic Mannekenpis statue.
In Amsterdam, tourists can visit the Van Gogh Museum, the Royal Palace and
they can also admire all the narrow streets and small bridges. Tourists can also
buy beautiful Dutch tulips on the flower market.
In London, tourists can stroll down Oxford Street. They can then relax in Hyde
Park and, after that, they can visit the Tower of London's famous ramparts.
VOCABULARY
outside
preposition
Outdoors; on the exterior.
you can find
expression
To locate; to discover; to see.
on the right
expression
A direction or position on the east side; the opposite of “on the left”.
busy
adjective
Very active; with a lot to do.
centre
n.
Located in the middle of something or someplace.
straight ahead
expression
The direction directly in front of a person.
town hall
noun
A building for the local government or municipal offices of a town/city; also "city
hall".
located
adjective
The place where something is; situated.
have a drink
expression
To take liquid into the mouth.
view
noun
Something to look at, such as scenery.
brewery
noun
A building where people make beer.
Perhaps
adverb
Maybe; possibly.
pleasant
adjective
Nice; friendly; likeable.
over there
expression
A place that is a short distance away.
close
adjective or preposition
Near; at a little/short distance away.
What's
expression
A question word to ask about something. The contracted form of “what is”.
Let's
expression
A suggestion to do something.
TEST
In summer, the children are often outside.
Here, you can find many pubs and restaurants.
The Royal Oak is on the right as you pass Radcliffe University.
My husband usually works a lot; he's a very busy man.
In general, the church is in the centre of the village.
The bank is straight ahead, on your right.
The town hall is on St. Giles Street.
The town house is located in the city centre.
Every Friday I have a drink with my friends.
I'd like a room with a view of the sea.
Is there a brewery in Newbury? -Yes, there is.
It's cloudy. Perhaps it will rain tonight.
My boss is very pleasant.
St. Johns College is over there, on Museum Road.
Oxford is close to London.
What's your first name? My name is Lucas.
Let's go to the cinema!
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Take the first street on your left.
Continue straight along the river until you reach the bank.
Walk straight for about hundred metres, you'll see Piccadilly Circus straight
ahead of you.
Continue down this street for about 50 metres until you reach the roundabout .
Turn left at Elm Street, then continue until you reach the post office.
How do I get to Town Hall, please? Uhmm, let me think, it's not too far from
here.
EJERCICIO 2
Station Street, umm, let me think. First, head north on Benett Close toward
Castle Grove. Then, turn left at Castle Grove. Turn left again onto Oxford
Street. After 100 metres, take the first exit onto the A4. Then, continue
straight on Western Avenue and follow the A339. Go through the first
roundabout. At the second roundabout, take the fourth exit onto Greenham
Road. At the end of that road, turn left into Station Street...
VOCABULARY
right
prep.
The opposite of left; toward the east when one is facing north.
tell
irregular verb
To inform; to give information.
continue (to)
v.
To go on; to proceed.
about
adverb
Nearly; approximately; almost.
see
verb (irregular)
To notice with your eyes.
reach
verb
To arrive at.
turn
verb
To change one's direction of travel.
down
preposition
In a direction away from the initial starting point. Opposite of up.
easy
adjective
Requiring little skill or effort.
into
preposition
Indicating a route/direction that will lead to a destination.
along
preposition
By the length; in a line with the length; lengthwise.
straight
adjective
To proceed in one direction only; with no curve or bend.
after
preposition
At the end of/after a distance.
until
conjunction
Up to the time of.
towards
preposition
In the direction of.
left
exp.
The opposite of right; toward the west when one is facing north.
how
adverb
In what manner.
hundred
n.
The number after ninety-nine and before one hundred and one; 100.
five
n.
The number following four and preceding six.
You're welcome.
exp.
A typical reply to the expression “thank you”. It means that you were pleased to
help someone in some way.
for
preposition
A period of time.
straight ahead
expression
The direction directly in front of a person.
TEST
On the left is the road to Paris and on the right, to Lyon.
- Could you tell me what you do? - Yes, I'm a banker.
I'm tired, I cannot continue walking!
It rained for about 2 hours last night. Or, it rained for approximately 2 hours last
night.
You'll see the restaurant on the left.
Stop when you reach the traffic lights! Or, stop when you get to the traffic lights!
You need to turn right at the second traffic lights, then turn left at the
roundabout.
Walk down that street, then you'll see the town house.
The exam was really easy, not difficult at all.
Turn into Main Street, then stop after a hundred meters.
We walked along the coast on Sunday. Or, we walked the length of the coast
on Sunday.
- How do I get to the post office? – Walk straight for about 200 metres, then
you'll see the building.
Walk down the first street and turn right after two hundred meters. Or, ...turn
right at the end of two hundred meters.
Drive along the highway until you reach the third exit.
Walk towards the roundabout, then turn left. Or, walk in the direction of the
roundabout, then turn left.
No, you can't turn right. You must turn left!
- Can you tell me how to switch on the computer? - Yes, just press the 'on'
button.
- How much is it? - It's one hundred pounds, please.
Two plus three equals five.
- Thank you very much! - You're welcome.
We had to wait for 30 minutes at the post office.
Look straight ahead, you will see the church. Or, look straight in front of you,
you will see the church.
Give Directions
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
Who lives in Bilbao?
Javi
How does Katie feel in the conversation confused?
Javi doesn’t help Katie in the conversation.
EJERCICIO 2
Select the right answer.Principio del formulario
“Take the bus” & “tell the driver” are instructions
“Don’t talk to any strange men” is advice.
“Come on, Katie!” is encouragement
Imperatives have more than one use.
To make an imperative more formal, we say 'please'.
To make an imperative more friendly, we say 'just'.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
The Imperative
Uses Examples
Instructions Heat the oven to 230°c.
Talk to your boss when you have a

Advice
problem
Encouragement Cheer up! Things aren't that bad.
We use 'please' to be more formal Please take a seat, Mr Jones.
We use 'just' to be more friendly Just turn the volume down a bit (please).
Example
let's + verb is an imperative. We use it to make suggestions. The speaker includes
him / herself in the suggestion.
E.g. "We need some fresh air. Let's go to the park".
EJERCICIO 3
Imperatives look the same as verbs in the base form.
Negative imperatives begin with do not/ don’t.
We can put ‘please’ at the beginning and end of the sentence.
We can put ‘just’ only before the verb.
EJERCICIO 4
let me help you .
please don't tell my parents .
just be quiet for a moment .
first take the bus and then get on the metro at Brewer Street .
please just let me concentrate .
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Sasha is with Katie.
False
Sasha has money for the bus.
False
EJERCICIO 2
We use 'in' with cities and countries.Principio del formulario
After the verb 'go' we often put 'to'.
We use 'at' with places like 'home', 'work' & 'school'.
"The park is behind the school" is the same as
"The school is in front of the park".
We use 'on' for transport (trains, aeroplanes and buses).
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
We use prepositions like this:
= in "Sasha is in her bedroom"
= on "Dinner is on the table"
= under / below "The dog is under the table"
= out "Sasha comes out of her bedroom"
= between "The park is between two big buildings"
= in front of "The school is in front of the park"
= behind "The park is behind the school"
= next to "I sit next to Floyd"
Important
We also use them like this:
in : Manchester, Spain,
on : the bus, the train / the page, the screen, the map
to : go to (a place, a city, a country)
at : work, home, the cinema, the gym
EJERCICIO 3
Male teacher: Ok, today it’s European countries and their capital cities. Katie,
do you know where Luxembourg is? Katie: It’s here, sir, between France and
Germany.
Teacher: Very good. And who lives in Luxembourg? Katie: The Luxem …
burgers?
EJERCICIO 4
Teacher: Very good, Katie. Now … Floyd! Come up here. Show us where
Slovenia is on the map. Floyd? Where is Floyd today?
Katie: He’s at home, Sir. He's sick.
Teacher: Impossible! He was in the canteen at lunchtime.
Talk About Clothes You Like or Dislike
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
Arrange the letters to complete the sentences.
tisu - fimourn - vrelupols - ite - sedrs
Do students here still wear a uniform to school?
Why don't you wear your nice evening dress to the Christmas party?
My children always give me unusual clothes for my birthday; last year, they
gave me a Simpsons tie.
People who wear a suit all week are glad to wear casual clothes at the
weekend.
Every winter I give some of my warm clothes, especially pullovers, to a
humanitarian organisation for the homeless.
EJERCICIO 2

I'll have to wear a suit at my sister's wedding next month.
When I play tennis, I usually wear a White pair of shorts.
I'd like to buy a really nice bathing suit for our next holiday in Tahiti.
I'm going to need a very elegant evening dress for the party next week.
When I work in the garden, I usually wear a thick pullover and an old pair of
comfortable trousers.
It's cold outside this morning, don't forget to put on your warm coat.
EJERCICIO 3
VOCABULARY
too
adverb
Also.
pullover
noun
A sweater/jumper that must be put on by pulling it over the head.
much
adverb
A large amount of.
colour
n.
A hue including red, orange, yellow, blue, etc.
suit
noun
A set of clothes that are worn together, e.g. jacket and trousers, or jacket and
skirt.
navy blue
adj.
A dark blue color.
perfect
adjective
The best possible.
remind
regular verb
To make someone remember someone/something.
too much
expression
More than is good; excessively.
tie
noun
Item of clothing, typically worn by men around the neck,when wearing a formal
shirt.
a little
expression
Slightly; to a small degree; partially.
except
preposition
But not; excluding.
create
regular verb
To make; to cause.
fashionable
adjective
Popular in style or trend.
white
adj.
The colour of snow.
occasion
noun
The time when something happens.
at all
expression
To any degree.
why
adverb
A question word that asks for a reason.
look
regular verb
To intentionally/deliberately see something; to pay attention to with one’s eyes.
light-coloured
adjective
Not dark in colour; pale.
right
adjective
Correct; not wrong or mistaken.
shirt
n.
An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has
sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.
TEST
- Nice to meet you. - Nice to meet you, too.
I'll put on a pullover because it's cold outside.
I don't travel very much. Actually, I usually stay in my home country.
This sweater comes in 4 colours: blue, pink, green and red.
- Do you wear a suit for work? - Yes, I do.
I'd like to find some navy blue trousers to go with this white shirt.
The sun is shining and it's really warm, it's a perfect day for a picnic.
You look a lot like my brother. You really remind me of my brother.
She Works too much. She works more than necessary.
We don't have to wear a tie at work.
She finds suits a Little uncomfortable.
I like all vegetables except cauliflower.
I need to present a new product next week, so I want to create a good
impression.
Her clothes are very fashionable.
I need a sheet of White paper to write to my boss.
The Queen's birthday is a very important occasion.
- Are there any vegetables that you don't like at all? - No, I like all vegetables.
You look tired; why don't you rest?
Please look at the board and read the sentence.
In English, something that has a light colour is light-coloured.
The customer is always right.
The black shirt is very elegant.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
VOCABULARY
brown
adj.
A colour like that of chocolate or coffee.
purple
adj.
A mixture of blue and red.
blue
adj.
The colour of the clear sky or the deep sea.
green
adj.
The colour of grass and leaves.
colour
n. (colour - pl. colours)
A hue, e.g. red, orange, yellow, blue, etc.
red
adj.
The colour of blood, ripe strawberries, etc.
white
adj.
The colour of snow.
yellow
adj.
The colour of butter or ripe bananas; the colour obtained by mixing green and
red.
orange
adj.
The colour of a ripe fruit of an orange tree, midway between red and yellow.
TEST
The leaves are brown. We are in November.
Purple is not my favourite colour.
The sky is blue today.
The grass is green.
Blue is my favourite colour.
He's red with anger.
A White Christmas.
A yellow submarine.
She wears an orange t-shirt. It's ugly!
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Listen to each answer and choose the matching question from the list.
What's your shoe size?.
How would you like to pay?
Which colour would you like to try on?
Would you like a bigger size?
Do they fit?
Can I help you?
EJERCICIO 2
Look at the photos, read the sentences and type in the best word.
Those high-heeled shoes will go very well with my black dress. How much are
they?
Don't forget your rubber boots when you go out into the garden; it's really
muddy outside after all that rain.
In the evening, I put on my old blue jeans, a pair of slippers and I sit down to
watch TV!
It's really hot today, so I think I'll put on my light summer sandals to work.
I'd like to buy a nice pair of sneakers for my daughter.
I prefer wearing flip-flops on the beach.
EJERCICIO 3
VOCABULARY
shoes
noun
(Plural form) The things we were on our feet, e.g. boots, sandals, trainers,
school shoes.
help
verb
To give aid/assistance.
size
noun
A specific set of dimensions for a manufactured article, especially clothing.
comfortable
adjective
Giving physical ease and comfort.
have a seat
expression
A polite offer that invites a person to sit down.
check
verb
To inspect; to examine; to verify; to confirm.
try on
expression
To test the look or fit of (a garment) by wearing it.
stockroom
noun
A place to store products, stock, merchandise.
try
verb
To taste, sample.
How much are they?
exp.
A question to ask the price of a plural noun.
nice
adjective
Pleasant, satisfactory.
black
adjective
The colour of nighttime, when no light is present. The opposite of white.
accept
verb
To agree to take/receive.
pair
noun
Two things that are the same.
TEST
Yesterday I bought a new pair of shoes.
How can I help you? Or, what can I do for you?
- I'd like to try on those shoes. – What size do you take, sir? - 39.
I've bought a new pair of jeans. They're very comfortable.
In English, we can say have a seat, or 'sit down'.
- Is there any petrol in the car? - I don't know, let me check.
In English, when you try on something, you put on a piece of clothing to see if it
fits.
The stockroom is where goods are stored.
Would you like to try the wine? It's excellent.
I love those shoes; how much are they?
She's got a really nice apartment.
At night time the sky is black.
In this hotel, we accept checks and credit cards. Or, you can pay with checks
and credit cards.
In English, when we have two of something, we can use the Word pair. I have a
nice pair of shoes. Or, I have two nice shoes.
LECCION 4
EJERCICIO 1
Javi and Leticia are in Leticia's new home.
Leticia lives alone.
False
Javi is impressed with Leticia's home.
EJERCICIO 2
"Maybe it’s not big enough" means:
"Maybe it's too small"
"It's pretty big" means:
"It's very big"
'Quite expensive' means
more than 'expensive'.
'So' means the same as
'very' & 'really'
"Hugo’s too busy with work" means
Hugo has more than enough work.
These words make adjectives & adverbs stronger.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Example
We use adjectives to describe the things we see, hear, feel, taste or smell.
"Woah! That is a big bedroom!"
"Argh! The water is cold."
Example
Adverbs of degree give more information about adjectives.
"Woah! That is not a very big bedroom!" (It's pretty small)
"Argh! The water is so cold!" (It's extra cold)
Example
Very, really & so mean the same as extra.
Quite & pretty can also mean extra (but less than 'very').
Important
Too is not the same as extra. Too means that what we see, hear, feel etc. is
excessive, or unpleasant or bad.
E.g. Most British people like hot weather. But most British people think that 30°c
is too hot. They don't like it.
Not enough is the negative equivalent of too.
E.g. 30°c is not hot enough for a sauna.
EJERCICIO 3
It's pretty hot in here, Javi. Can you open a window ?
It's not a very hot day, Leti .
I know, Javi, but I feel really hot .
Sorry but it's not hot enough to open a window .
It's my house, Javi! You're a pretty annoying guy, sometimes .
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Example
We can use these words with [adjective + noun]
Very
"He's a very naughty boy"
Really
"He's a really cool dog"
Pretty
"That's a pretty long book"
Quite
"Mmm ... it's quite a nice wine" *notice the position of the 'a'
We also use all of these words with [adjective], e.g. "He's very naughty".
Important
adjectives always go before nouns
Example
We can only use these words with [adjective]
So
"It's so far!"
Too
"It's too hot!"
Not ... enough
"It's not good enough!"
We cannot use these words with [adjective + noun].
EJERCICIO 4
Leticia: How is your new friend? Katie, is it? Javi: She's pretty well.
Leticia: What do you talk about? Javi: Well … family, friends, studies … but our
conversations aren't long enough.
EJERCICIO 5
Leticia: Aww … that’s really sweet!
Javi: Yeah – I want her to come to Bilbao … but I don’t know … Leticia: Too
soon?
Javi: Yeah ... probably. Leticia: Well, Javi, I’m quite tired. Javi: Sure … no
problem.
Speak About What You Did at the Weekend
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
Choose the best sentence.
The trip didn't take long.
There wasn't much traffic on the roads.
I went on an organized holiday in China.
We saw lots of different places and travelled a lot, but it was very tiring.
We arrived late at the train station.
We almost missed the train.
We had great fun last weekend.
We went out a lot and enjoyed ourselves.
Some of our friends joined us on holiday too.
We really enjoyed going on holiday with Peter, John and Lars.
We climbed to the top of the mountain together.
We had a great view of the valley but it was very cold.
EJERCICIO 2
Complete the sentences by typing in the missing words. The first letter is
given.
-Did you have a good evening? - Yes, I did. How about you?
- I went to Paris on Friday evening and returned home on Sunday evening. -
So, you spent the whole weekend in Paris. That's great!
- What did you do during your holiday at the coast? - Oh, we did lots of things!
- My brother wanted to go to the swimming pool, but I preferred to stay at
home and watch TV.
- My brother wanted to go to the swimming pool, but I preferred to stay at
home and watch TV.
- So did you go to Spain all alone? - Yes, and some of my Friends were there
too.
- Oh, it looks like you had an accident! - Yes, I fell from a ladder.
VOCABULARY
Revisa tu vocabulario
return
verb
To come or go back (to a place or person).
fun
noun
Amusing, enjoyable, pleasurable.
nine
n.
The number occurring after eight and before ten.
alone
adjective
By oneself, solitary.
Actually
adverb
In fact; really; in truth; positively.
some of
expression
A certain number or amount of.
take
irregular verb
To use a mode of transport.
a little
expression
To a small extent or degree.
uncle
noun
A brother or brother-in-law of someone’s parent.
just
adverb
Only, simply, merely.
How
adverb
In what state.
cousin
noun
The son or daughter of a person’s uncle or aunt
better
adjective
More good.
go skiing
expression
To travel to a place, and then spend time doing an activity (in this case, the
activity of skiing).
leave
irregular verb
To depart; to go away from a certain place or state.
difficult
adjective
Hard, not easy, requiring much effort.
tired
adjective
In need of some rest or sleep.
several
adjective
A number; more than two, a few.
view
noun
Something to look at, such as scenery.
retire
verb
To stop your formal work activities; to leave your job and not formally work
again, typically at the age set for society.
together
adverb
At the same time; with another person(s), jointly.
amazing
adjective
Unique and wonderful.
grandmother
noun
A mother of someone's parent.
midnight
n.
The middle of the night; 00h00, 12.00 am; twelve o'clock at night.
around
preposition
At about, approximately, near.
born
adjective
Given birth to; arriving in the world; existing as a result of birth.
drive
verb
To operate (a wheeled motorised vehicle).
easy
adjective
Requiring little skill or effort; not difficult.
TEST
We'd like to return to England next week. Or, we'd like to go back to England
next week.
We love surfing; it's great fun.
Eight plus one equals nine.
He doesn't like being alone. Or, he doesn't like being without other people.
- How was your holiday? -Actually, it was great! We went sightseeing and did
many other things.
I did some of my tasks. Or, I did part of my tasks, but not all.
- Do you take the car to go to work? - No, I usually take the train.
I was sick last week, but now I'm feeling a little better. Or, I was sick last week,
but now I'm feeling a bit better.
In English, an uncle is a brother of one's mother or father.
I just have one more exam. Or, I only have one more exam.
-How are you? - I'm fine, thank you. How are you? - I'm fine, too, thanks.
A cousin is the child of one's aunt or uncle.
- I can do anything better than you! - No, you can't!
- Do you often go skiing? - No, I almost never go skiing because I don't like
the cold.
We usually leave home at 8:30 am.
Chinese is difficult. Or, Chinese isn't easy.
We didn't sleep a lot last night, so now we are quite tired.
Last year she had several car accidents. Or, last year she had more than 2 car
accidents.
The view from the Eiffel Tower is amazing.
In England, when you are 65 years old, you retire. Or, in England, when you
are 65 years old, you stop working.
We went on holiday together. Or, we went on holiday in a group.
The view from the Empire State Building is amazing. Or, the view from the
Empire State Building is fantastic.
My grandmother lives in Wales. Or, my mother's mother lives in Wales.
I never go to bed before midnight.
We left around 8 am and got home around 9 o'clock. Or, we left at about 8 am
and got home at about 9 o'clock.
Elvis Presley was born on 8 January 1935. Or, Elvis Presley's birthdate was 8
January 1935.
They drive to work every day!
English is quite easy. Or, English is not very difficult.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Who tells who about a recent trip? Principio del formulario
Katie tells Floyd.
Somebody helped Katie.
How does Katie feel about Javi?
Unhappy.
EJERCICIO 2
In ‘How was your trip?’, Floyd asks Katie about the past
"It was interesting" is an example of an opinion.
"I wasn't very impressed" is an example of a feeling.
"He was like" is an informal way of saying "He said".
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Reminder
Remember we use ‘to be’ for:
● identity (age, nationality, jobs) ‘I am a 24 year-old archaeology student from

Italy’,
● facts ‘Switzerland is not a very big country’ and
● opinions ‘He is my favourite actor’.
But, we also use it talk about:
● feelings ‘I was very excited’, ‘I was not impressed’.

We use the past simple to talk about things that:
● happened a long time ago: ‘The dinosaurs were on the Earth for millions of years’.
(And that lasted a long time too!)
We also use it to talk about things that:
● happened very recently: ‘Where were you?’ ‘I was in the bathroom’ (And
that didn’t last a long time.)
Important
The important thing is that all of these actions are finished. They happened in
a time that is now finished.
EJERCICIO 3
I / he / she / it :
was
You / we / they :
were
In negative statements, we put 'not' after ‘was / were’.
In questions, the verb goes first.
It is not possible to contract the subject & the verb (we were => we're).
It is possible to contract the verb & ‘not’ (were not => weren’t).
EJERCICIO 4
He missed the train, so he was late.
When I was a child, I played lots of football.
We weren't (not) happy with the test results.
They were on the train when, suddenly, it stopped.
Why weren't you (you / not) at the meeting?
Was it important?
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Reminder
We make positive statements like this:
Subject + was / were + ...
Example
I was in a meeting all morning.
We were all tired at the end of it.
Reminder
We make negative statements like this:
Subject + was / were + not + ...
Example
You weren't alive in 1975.
She wasn't at the exam yesterday.
Reminder
We make questions like this:
Was / Were + subject + ... ?
Or,
Question word + was / were + subject + ...?
Example
Was the film good?
What were the football results today?
EJERCICIO 5
Choose from: was / wasn't / were / weren't
Floyd: When Mister Snaffles, my dog, was a little puppy he was very cute. He
was not like the other dogs … he didn’t play much.
EJERCICIO 6
Once, when we were in the car on the way to school, he ate my homework. I
was furious! And my teacher was not very impressed.
EJERCICIO 7
I wasn't angry for long. We were best friends! We still are. How about you,
Katie, who was your best friend when you were younger?
LECCION 3
Javi sounds quite negative about the experience.
Leti sounds disappointed about Javi’s relationship with Katie.
Katie was different from how Javi imagined her
EJERCICIO 2
This conversation happens after Katie’s visit to Spain.
What happened first? Meeting friends?
We use the past simple to talk about things that happened in a time that is
finished.
We use the past simple to talk about past events in an order (first, second,
third).
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
We use the Past Simple to talk about:
Use Example
I woke up and got out of bed. Then I brushed my

Sequence / Order of events
hair.
Things that last for a long time I was in hospital for months after the accident.
Things in the past (distant) Dinosaurs lived on the Earth millions of years ago.
Things in the past (recent) I just came home 5 minutes ago.
Important
Notice the words we use to communicate more information about the present
simple ...
● then
● for a long time
● ago
● just
EJERCICIO 3
Positive statements
Regular verbs in the past simple end with:
-ed
'to have', 'to go', 'to do' & 'to see' are all examples of irregular verbs.
Negative verbs We put the auxiliary did not/didn’t before the main verb to
make a negative sentence.
The main verb is in the base form.
Questions The order is:
Aux. – Subject – Verb
If the question word (who, what) is the subject of the sentence, we don't use an
auxiliary. And the main verb is in the past simple form.
EJERCICIO 4
Match these irregular verbs in the past simple with their infinitive:
Had:
to have
Did:
to do
Went:
to go
Saw:
to see
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Common irregular Past Simple verbs
Base Past Simple
say said
make made
take took
come came
get got
give gave
think thought
leave left
feel felt
know knew
Reminder
Positive
Subject + verb + ...
Example
I got a cat for Christmas.
Reminder
Negative
Subject + did not (didn't) + verb + ...
Example
I didn't ask for a cat.
Reminder
Question
1) Did + subject + verb + ...?
2) Question word (object) + did + subject + verb + ...?
3) Question word (subject) + verb + object + ...?
Example
1) Did you ask for a dog?
2) What did you ask for?
3) Who gave you the cat?
Important
Regular verbs in the Past Simple end in -ed.
EJERCICIO 5
Floyd: So, what else did you do (do / you) in Spain?
Katie: Well, we walked (walk) around for hours and hours. Then he saw (see)
his stupid friends and wanted (want) to say hello.
EJERCICIO 6
Katie: They talked (talk) for hours and hours. I was so bored.
Floyd: When did you get back (get back / you) to Manchester?
Katie: About 5 hours ago… :-( Floyd: Aww Katie … maybe you went (go) with
too many expectations.
EJERCICIO 7
Katie: Yeah, maybe. But he seemed (seem) really nice back then. Anyway,
what happened (happen) around here while I was (be) away?
Floyd: Uh … not much. I missed (miss) you though.
Speak About When You Were a Student
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
I went to university in the United States and studied business.
The teachers didn't tell us a lot about this subject.
During my second year, I went out less and studied more.
The exams were really difficult, but most of us succeeded.
Yesterday, my boyfriend Mark attended a workshop on the environment.
EJERCICIO 2
Listen and say if the sentences are in the past, present or future.
This sentence is in the past.
This sentence is in the future.
This sentence is in the present.
This sentence is in the future.
This sentence is in the past.
VOCABULARY
but
conj.
However, although, nevertheless. To introduce contrast/difference.
on time
expression
Punctual; according to schedule; at the given time.
enjoy
regular verb
To receive pleasure or satisfaction from something.
really
adverb
Very much; greatly.
always
adverb
Not sometimes; not occasionally, but constantly, regularly, invariably.
about
preposition
Concerning; with regard to; on the subject of.
three
n.
A numerical value after two and before four.
lots of
expression
A great deal; greatly; very much; tons; loads; a lot.
day and night
expression
All the time; round the clock; unceasingly.
go out
expression
To go to public places, e.g. restaurants, clubs, bars, and other social
entertainment.
small
adjective
Not large or big.
pass
verb
To be succesful in a test/exam.
study
regular verb
To revise/look again at materials already learned for the purpose of not
forgetting the contents.
after
adverb
Subsequently to; following in time; later than.
other
adjective
Additional; more; not the one(s) already mentioned.
second
adjective
Number-two; following after the first one; 2nd.
look
verb
To pay attention using one's eyes; to see something with intention/deliberation.
cinema
noun
A movie theatre, a movie house.
prepare
regular verb
To make something ready for a specific future purpose; to set up.
during
preposition
Within a given time period.
perfect
adjective
Without fault or mistake; thoroughly skilled or talented.
anybody
pronoun
Anyone; any person.
much
noun
A large amount; a lot.
too
adverb
Also; in addition.
of course
expression
Naturally; inevitably; not surprisingly; as could be expected.
dinner
noun
The main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening.
tell
irregular verb
To instruct or inform.
first
adv.
Before anything else; firstly.
very
adverb
To a great extent or degree; extremely; exceedingly.
TEST
I live in Wales, but I don't speak Welsh.
School starts at 9 o'clock. Please be on time. Or, please be at school before 9
o'clock.
We really enjoy cooking. Or, we really like cooking.
We really liked the movie. Or, we liked the movie very much.
She always gets to work at 9 o'clock. Or, she gets to work at 9 o'clock every
time.
Did she tell you about the meeting?
We have three lovely children.
He's retired now and reads lots of books. Or, he's retired now and reads many
books.
They worked in their new house day and night. Or, they worked in their new
house all the time.
At university, students usually go out a lot.
My friends live in a small village in Scotland.
- Did you pass your driving licence? - Yes, I did.
This weekend I have to study for an exam.
- What did you do after lunch? - I went for a walk.
I invited my parents and 2 other people to dinner. Or, I invited my parents and 2
more people to dinner.
Yesterday you were late and today, you are late for the second (2nd) time.
Come and look outside: it's snowing.
My wife and I often go to the cinema. We both like comedies.
I had a meeting with my team because we need to prepare a presentation.
Cats usually sleep during the day and play at night.
Nobody is perfect. Or, nobody is without defect.
I didn't talk to anybody the whole weekend. Or, I didn't talk to anyone all
weekend.
They didn't tell me much about the project. Or, they didn't tell me a lot about the
project.
She likes reading and she likes going to the movies, too. Or, she likes reading
and she also likes going to the movies.
The party was great fun, but of course some people drank too much. Or, the
party was great fun, but naturally some people drank too much.
In English, dinner is the main meal of the day and is usually in the evening.
She didn't tell me where she lives.
First, I'll make dinner. Then, we'll have a quiet chat.
The exam was very easy. Or, the exam was not difficult at all.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Who wants to buy tickets?
Katie
What is the problem?
Katie has enough money but not enough time.
Floyd tells Katie
to look at more websites.
EJERCICIO 2
We use much with uncountable nouns (time, money).
We use many with plural nouns (tickets, websites).
We use 'a lot of' & 'lots of' with
both (money & tickets)
We use 'a bit of' with
both (money & tickets)
We usually use 'much' & 'many' in
negative statements and questions.
In positive sentences,'a lot of' & 'lots of' is best.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
word + use
● mainly in negative
many plural noun statements and questions
● mainly in negative
much uncountable statements and
questions.
● very common in all types

a lot of / lots of both
of sentences
● uncommon in formal
a bit of both
language
● introduce a negative idea

few plural
● formal language
● introduce a negative idea

little uncountable
● formal language
a few plural ● means 'some but not lots'
a little uncountable ● means 'some but not lots'
Example
What's the difference between few / a few & little / a little?
Compare:
"He speaks little English. It is difficult to communicate". (negative idea)
"He speaks a little English. We can communicate". (positive idea)
"Few people come into my shop. I don't sell many things". (negative idea)
"A few people come into my shop. I sell some things". (positive idea)
EJERCICIO 3
Javi is very busy. He ... ... doesn't have much free time.
... has little free time.
Katie is feeling stressed. She ...
has
a few
has some problems, but not many.
EJERCICIO 4
Put 'much', 'many' or 'a lot of'. Sometimes there is more than one possible
answer.
Quick! We don't have a lot of time.
It's so busy! There's a lot of people here.
I spend a lot of time on the computer.
Do you know many people in this town?
I spend a lot of money on food.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Example
Here are some examples of uncountable nouns
substances & materials: water, coffee, sugar, oil, salt, mayonnaise, paper, ink, etc...
abstract concepts: love, anger, help, pain, happiness, etc...
mass nouns: news, information, advice, hair, furniture, etc...
weather: sunshine, rain, thunder, snow, etc...
Important
*a lot of and lots of have the same meaning.
EJERCICIO 5
Use only: a lot of / a bit of / many
Javi: Do you have a lot of exams, Katie?
Katie: Not very many. Just 4.
Javi: With a bit of luck, everything will be fine!
EJERCICIO 6
Use only: many / a few / lots
Javi: How do you feel? Katie: I have a few worries. I'm nervous!
Javi: How many people pass?
Katie: Lots don't!
EJERCICIO 7
Use only: much / very little
Javi: Come on! You have very Little reason to be worried. You’re a very smart
person!
Katie: I don’t have that much confidence in myself.
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
Where are they?
At school
Who or what is Mister Snaffles?
Floyd's dog
The teacher uses more formal language.
EJERCICIO 2
"Sometimes he sleeps all day" means:
on some days but not every day.
"He never barks" means:
none of the time.
"It rains one time every year", means:
it rains 'almost never'.
"Rarely" is more formal than "almost never".
"As I always say" means:
I say 'all the time'.
"Adverbs of frequency" answer the question:
How often...?
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Adverbs of Frequency
Adverb Example
"The sun always rises in the
High frequency always
morning"
"It often rains in

often / almost always / usually
Manchester"
"Sometimes you win,

sometimes sometimes you lose ... it's
50/50"
"My football team is not very

rarely / almost never
good, we almost never win"
Low frequency never "It never rains in the desert"
EJERCICIO 3
He is never at home these days .
They never come to the café anymore .
My mum is always right !
She always has the right answer .
Sometimes Javi is really annoying .
We usually meet every Saturday .
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Example
We can put adverbs of frequency in one, two or three places in a simple sentence:
1) Before the subject.
Sometimes
Usually
"Usually I go to the park with Floyd."
2) After the subject.
sometimes
usually
(almost) never
(almost) always
often
rarely
"I often go to the park with Floyd."
3) After the verb phrase.
sometimes
usually
"I go to the park with Floyd sometimes."
Important
Notice that we use position 2 the most.
But, when the verb is 'to be', the adverb of frequency comes after and not before.
E.g. "She is never at home these days."
Example
In questions, the adverb of frequency goes after the subject (position 2).
E.g. "Do you often go swimming?"
Tips and Tricks
We often use adverbs of frequency to answer these two questions:
Do you ever + verb ..?
How often do you + verb ..?
EJERCICIO 4
Floyd: Katie! Katie: Oh hi Floyd. What’s up? Floyd: Nothing. Katie: Why is
Mister Snaffles here at school? Does Sasha know you’ve got her dog? Floyd:
Sasha is never at home - she's always out with her new friends these days.
EJERCICIO 5
Katie: What new friends? Floyd: Biffer, Topsy … Wedgy. Katie: Not Wedgy??
Floyd: Yeah. Sometimes she comes home after midnight.
EJERCICIO 6
Talk About Your Next Holiday
LECCION 1
EJERCICIO 1
backpack - camera - First Aid Kit - gloves - guidebook - sunhat - helmet -
parasol - shoes - suncream - sunglasses - swimsuits
See you at the beach, ok? Don't forget to bring the children's swimsuits as well
as the high-protection suncream and the large orange parasol.
I'm going to go mountain-climbing for a week. Of course I'll need a light
backpack and a pair of good, strong shoes. I'll also need a small First Aid Kit
for emergencies.
My wife and I are going to Egypt this December, to visit the pyramids and the
Nile river. So, of course, I'll need to take my new camera as well as the 'Big
Planet' illustrated guidebook. I'll also take a sunhat to protect myself in the
desert.
I'm going to go mountain-biking with some friends next weekend. My best friend
often goes mountain-biking, so he advised me to take a helmet, some gloves
and also a pair of good sunglasses to protect the eyes.
EJERCICIO 2
Listen and say where the person is staying.
He's staying in a youth hostel.
She's staying in a bed and breakfast.
She's staying in a hotel.
He's staying in a tent.
EJERCICIO 3
Listen, then read each statement and decide if it is true or false.
She always goes on holiday alone.
FALSE
This family goes skiing every winter.
TRUE
They go to the beach because they have a boat.
FALSE
This year only, they will travel by bike.
FALSE
He'll continue going camping.
TRUE
VOCABULARY
holiday
noun
A period away from work or study, typically for travel or leisure.
sleep
verb
Not awake; the action typically associated with nighttime and being in bed; to
close one's eyes and experience suspended consciousness.
on foot
expression
By walking.
desert
noun
An area of land with little/no water or plants, typically covered in sand.
fly
verb
To travel through the air.
trekking
noun
A long and difficult journey on foot, e.g. walking/hiking in the Himalayas.
tent
noun
A temporary and portable shelter made from fabric, supported by poles and
pegs.
spend
irregular verb
To continue over a period of time.
meet
verb
To see someone in person and by arrangement.
TEST
- Did you have a nice holiday? - Yes, thanks. I went to Ireland for a week
Principio del formulario
- How many hours per night do you sleep? - I usually sleep about 8 hours, and
you?
- How do you get to work? - Usually, on foot; it only takes 10 minutes.
An example of a desert is the Sahara desert.
In English, one says: I fly to Brussels every week. Or, I take the plane to
Brussels every week.
In English, trekking is a long and difficult journey, often on foot.
When we go on holiday, we often take our tent and stay in a campsite.
We're going to spend two weeks abroad with our children.
Let's meet at the pub this evening at 8 o'clock.
LECCION 2
EJERCICIO 1
Katie is on a bus.
Katie doesn’t understand the driver.
Javi doesn’t find a solution.
EJERCICIO 2
“He’s speaking in Spanish” means:at this moment.
Katie uses: “I don’t panic” to mean “I am not a person who panics”.
“I’m thinking” means: at this moment.
We use the present continuous for temporary things that are happening now.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
The Present Continuous
Use Example
Right now Sshh! I’m thinking.
At the moment She’s working on her dissertation.
Currently (but not forever) I’m studying Molecular Physics at university.
Example
We also use it for changes that are happening around now:
E.g. "The sea levels are rising because of global warming."
Important
All of the verbs in the examples above have a temporary nature.
Important
We don't use the present continuous with verbs like: need, know, want, like.
E.g. "What do you want to eat?" Not: What are you wanting …
EJERCICIO 3
We use the auxiliary verb 'to be' to make the present continuous.
The main verb is in the –ing form.
We put 'not' after the auxiliary to make negative statements.
In questions, the subject & auxiliary change places.
EJERCICIO 4
What are you doing (you / to do) at the moment?
I'm studying (I / to study) for a Master’s in Law.
What is he thinking (he / to think) about?
He's probably deciding (he / to decide) what to have for lunch.
How are your English classes going (to go) ?
They're getting (they / to get) more and more difficult.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Reminder
We make positive statements like this:
subject + to be (present) + verb -ing
The verb 'to be' agrees with the subject ('I am', 'You are' etc...)
We can contract the subject and 'to be':
E.g. 'I'm', 'You're' etc...
Example
I'm waiting for my friend.
Reminder
We make negative statements like this:
subject + to be (present) + not + verb -ing
Example
She's not learning very much at school these days.
Reminder
We make questions like this:
to be (present) + subject + verb -ing ?
or:
question word + to be (present) + subject + verb -ing ?
Example
Are your parents staying with you at the moment?
What is making that noise? It's really annoying!
Regional Variation
In European English, we usually write verbs that end consonant-vowel-

consonant differently when they are in the continuous form.
E.g. travel => travelling, begin => beginning
In American English, this does not happen.
EJERCICIO 5
Floyd is sitting (to sit) in the garden with his dog, Mister Snaffles. They are
talking (to talk) about the weather.
Well ... Mister Snaffles isn't talking (to talk) of course. But he is listening (to
listen).
EJERCICIO 6
It begins to rain. “Come on, Mister Snaffles”, says Floyd, it is getting (get) cold.
Let’s go inside. As they are walking (walk) inside, Floyd hears the birds squawk
and squeal.
"Hmmm... why are they making (they / make) so much noise?" he thinks.
LECCION 3
EJERCICIO 1
elect the right answer.
Tony and Brigitte talk mainly about
Something Jack wants to buy.
Brigitte is spending the afternoon with
family.
Brigitte's dad recently
bought a car.
EJERCICIO 2
"He's going to buy a car" is an example of a
plan, decision or intention.
Jack doesn't yet know which car he will buy.
Which afternoon activity is more certain to happen?
That Brigitte has lunch with her family.
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Meaning - Summary
Reminder
Going to is used for plans, decisions and intentions.
It is used especially in an informal style.
Example
We’re going to buy a new car soon. (= we don't know exactly when).
I’m going to read lots of books on holiday. (= It is my intention ... it is not a fixed
arrangement).
EJERCICIO 3
To form positive sentences, use subject + auxiliary (be) / 'going to' / main
verb (base)
In negative sentences 'not' comes before going to.
In questions the subject comes after the auxiliary verb ‘to be’.
Choose the correct 'short form' answer: "Are you going to go to class?"
"Yes, I am".
EJERCICIO 4
Are you going to meet (you / meet) them soon? Yes, I am.
Chris and Madeline are going to get (get) a dog.
My mum 's not going to get (not get) a new car. She likes the one she has.
He is going to look (he / look) for a new job after Christmas.
Is she going to come (she / come) to the theatre with us?
REGLA DE GRAMATICA
Form - Summary
Positive
Subject (to be) going to verb (base form)
Example
He’s going to buy a car.
Negative
Subject (to be) + not going to verb (base form)
Example
The customers are not going to leave until they get a refund.
Questions
(To be) subject going to verb (base form)
Example
Where are you going to look for a new coat?
Important
You will hear many people say 'gonna' instead of going to. This is normal speech.
You will also see 'gonna' in the written form - but this is very informal.
Do not confuse 'going to' as a grammatical structure with 'go to' as a main verb.
E.g.
"I'm gonna go to bed." (I'm going to + go to bed) = correct
"I'm gonna Paris this weekend" = incorrect
"I'm gonna go to Paris this weekend" = correct
EJERCICIO 5
Tony: What are you going to do (you / do) after university?
Brigitte: I’m not going to stay (I / not stay) around here for very long! I'm gonna
travel the world!
Tony: Ah. Where are you going to go (you / go) ?
EJERCICIO 6
Firmado electrónicamente por:
MARIA DE LOS ANGELES
MONSERRATE CALVACHE

Brigitte: I'm going to visit (I / visit) my friend in New Zealand. Then, together
we're going to do (we / do) a safari in South Africa.
What are you going to do (you / do)?

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TALKING ABOUT YOUR DAILY LIFE

"The sun always rises in the

"It often rains in

"Sometimes you win,

"My football team is not very

Low frequency never "It never rains in the desert"

Put the elements in the right order.

I don't have classes on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

Politics are very interesting!

You live play

He / She / It lives plays

They live play

Positive - Common irregular verbs

He / She / It has does

You do not have

He / She / It does not have

They do not have

Question words as Subjects [Question word + to be]

Question Example answer

Who knows the answer? Johnny knows

What is the answer? 5 x 5 = 25

Which bag is yours? This one

When is your birthday? The 28th of March

Where is the party? O'Rafferty's bar and grill

How is your mum? She's very well, thanks.

Question Example answer

Who do you play tennis with? Javi's mum

What do you want for dinner? Lasagne

When do you finish work? At 9

Where does he live? In Switzerland

Nouns (singular & plural)

We use singular nouns for 1

We use plural nouns for 2+

noun e.g. job noun+s e.g. jobs

noun+s/z/sh/ch/x e.g. bus noun+es e.g. buses

... more irregular nouns

Things that last for a long

Things in the past

Things in the past (recent) I just came home 5 minutes ago.

● for a long time

Base Past Simple

Meaning - Summary - Rule

At Time (o'clock) & 'the weekend'

In Years, months, parts of the day

Next, this, every Days, weeks, months, years (no preposition)

What time ..? When ..? No preposition

Meet me at 4pm ok?

a/an: main uses

An example of something "We have a dog"

What job a person has "My mum is a teaching assistant"

To describe people / things "She has a white spot on her head"

"Just close the door"

(NOT "I prefer the cats") ... "I prefer cats".

Singular this that

Plural these those

Somewhere A place ... we don't know which.

Something A thing ... we don't know which.

Someone A person ... we don't know which.

Anywhere A place ... which one is not important.

Anyone A person ... which one is not important.

No one No person / people

Nouns (singular & plural)

We use singular nouns for 1 person, place or thing