Expertravel v CA
G.R. No. 130030
 June 25, 1999

FACTS:
Expertravel & Tours,
Tours, Inc. is enae! in t"e travel aenc# $usiness. It
issue! to Ricar!o %o our roun!'trip plane tic(ets or )*, toet"er +it"
"otel accoo!ations an! transers, or a total cost o -39,//.20.
llein t"at %o "a! aile! to pa# t"e aount !ue, Expertravel le! a
court coplaint or recover# o t"e aount claie! plus !aaes.

Respon!ent %o explaine!,
explaine!, in "is a
ans+er,
ns+er, t"at "is account +it"
Expertravel "a! alrea!# $een ull# pai!. T"e outstan!in account +as
reitte! to Expertravel t"rou" its t"en "airperson, s. a. Rocio !e
4ea. T"e pa#ent +as evi!ence! $# a onte !e -ie!a! "ec( or
-2,1/5.20 or +"ic" s. !e 4ea, in turn, issue! it# Trust "ec( No.
1/920 in avor o Expertravel or t"e aount o -50,000.00
-50,000.00,, +it" t"e
notation 6placeent a!vance or Ricar!o %o, etc.6

 T"e
a!e trial
$# court,
%o +asa7re!
a7r
vali!e! $#$in!in
an! t"e appellate court, "el
on petitioner "el!
! t"at t"e
Expertravel
Expertravel. pa#ent
. Even on
t"e assuption t"at s. !e 4 4ea
ea "a! not $een specicall# aut"ori8e!
$# Expertravel, $ot" courts sai!, t"e act t"at t"e aount 6!elivere! to
t"e latter reaine!: in its possession up to t"e present, eant: t"at
t"e aount re!oun!e! to t"e $enet o petitioner Expertrav
Expertravel,
el, in vie+
o t"e secon! pararap"
pa rarap" o rticle 121 o t"e ivil o!e to t"e e;ect
t"at pa#ent a!e to a t"ir! person s"all also $e vali! in so ar as it
"as re!oun!e! to t"e $enet o t"e cre!itor.

 T"e copan# +as a!e to pa# %o oral

oral !aaes in t"e aount o
-30,000.00 as t"e suit, accor!in to %o, +as clearl# unoun!e!.

ISSUE:
1. <=N or
oral
al !aae
!aaes s $e a+ar!e
a+ar!e! ! or neli
nelience
ence or >uas
>uasi'!el
i'!elict
ict
t"at !i! not result to p"#sical in?ur# to t"e o;en!e! part#@
2. <=N or
oral
al !aae
!aaes s $e recov
recovere
ere!
! in a clearl# uno
unoun!e!
un!e! sui
suit@
t@

HELD/RATIO:

1. AEB

n a+ar! o oral !aaes +oul! re>uir

re>uire
e certain con!itions to $e
etC
1: t"ere ust $e an in?ur#, +"et"er p"#sical, ental or
ps#c"oloical, clearl# sustaine! $# t"e claiantD
 

2: t"ere ust $e a culpa$le act or oission actuall#

esta$lis"e!D
3: t"e +ronul act or oission o t"e !een!ant is t"e
proxiate
proxi ate cause o t"e in?ur# sustaine! $# t"e claiantD an!
: t"e a+ar! o !aaes is pre!icate! on an# o t"e cases
state! in rticle 2219.
n!er t"e provisions o t"is la+, in culpa contractual or $reac" o 
contract, oral !aaes a# $e recovere! +"en t"e !een!ant acte!
in $a! ait" or +as uilt# o ross nelience ao
aountin
untin to $a! ait":
or in +anton !isrear! o "is contractual o$liation an!, exceptionall#,
+"en t"e act o $reac" o contract itsel is constitutive o tort resultin
in p"#sical in?uries. F# special rule in rticle 1/, in relation to rticle
220, o t"e ivil o!e, oral !aaes a# also $e a+ar!e! in case
t"e !eat" o a passener results ro a $reac" o carriae. In culpa
a>uiliana, or >uasi'!elict, a: +"en an act or oission causes p"#sical
in?uries, or $: +"ere t"e !een!ant is uilt# o intentional tort, oral
!aaes a# aptl# $e recovere!. T"is rule also applies, as
aorestate!, to contracts +"en $reac"e! $# tort. In culpa criinal,
oral !aaes coul! $e la+ull# !ue +"en t"e accuse! is oun! uilt#

o p"#sical
ar$itrar# in?uries, lascivious
!etention, acts,
illeal arrest, a!ulter#
illeal or concu$inae,
searc", or !eaation.illeal or
alicious prosecution can also ive rise to a clai or oral !aaes.
 T"e ter 6analoous cases,6 reerrreerre!
e! to in rticle 221
2219,
9, ollo+in t"e
e?us!e eneris rule, ust $e "el! siilar to t"ose expressl#
expressl#
enuerate! $# t"e la+.

2. AEB FT IN T)IB BE IT <B N=T <RE.

lt"ou" t"e institution o a clearl# unoun!e! civil suit can at

ties $e a leal ?ustication or an a+ar! o attorne#Hs ees, suc" lin,
"o+ever, "as alost invaria$l# $een "el! not to $e a roun! or an
a+ar! o oral !aaes. T"e rationale or t"e rule is t"at t"e la+
coul! not "ave eant to ipose a penalt# on t"e ri"t to litiate. T"e
anuis" su;ere! $# a person or "avin $een a!e a !een!ant in a
civil suit +oul! $e no !i;erent r
ro
o t"e usual +orr# an! a
anxiet#
nxiet#
su;ere! $# an#one +"o is "ale! to court, a situation t"at cannot $#
itsel $e a coent reason or t"e a+ar! o oral !aaes. I t"e rule
+ere ot"er+ise, t"en oral !aaes ust ever# tie $e a+ar!e! in
avor o t"e prevailin !een!ant aainst an unsuccessul plainti;.