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The idea and adoption of Green Infrastructure (GI) is progressively becoming the
conservation and planning outline of world conservation at diverse aspects of
nations' development. It is a pragmatic approach to building sustainable urban
growth by addressing the challenges facing our cities and towns by addressing
existing urbanization pressures and problems with urban GI capital.
Amid the challenges presented by climate change and rising urbanization processes,
the idea of ecological resilience is evolving. The dynamic and unpredictable
ecological resilience of urban sprawl is linked to the socio-ecosystem since it
requires the interaction of social psychological, physical, structural, infrastructure,
natural, environmental and other resilient structures to build up and influence each
other on the resilient growth of the community.
Urban green spaces and facilities offer economic social and environmental benefits
such as climate change mitigation and the impact of heat islands, pollutant reduction
and absorption, the protection of natural resources and landscapes, the
enhancement of the attractiveness and beauty of urban landscapes, the connection
between nature and sense of place, the improvement of quality of life, etc.
Green infrastructures and spaces provide advantages that overcome several barriers
in order to become economically sustainable for properly understood and quantified
urban beneficiaries. Well-functioning and balanced community services in the
environment contribute to the city's resilience. It is important to ensure that urban
ecosystem services are robust and contribute to the growth of urban sustainability at
the same time.
In combination with built infrastructure, urban natural and green areas and green
infrastructure are cost-effective in providing environmental benefits such as
enhancing air quality, mitigating soil degradation, compensating for the impact of
urban heat islands, helping to maintain water quality, providing physical and mental
benefits, etc.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.........................................................................................................................................1
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................2
LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................3
ABBREVIATIONS..............................................................................................................................3
1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................5
1. GENERAL.................................................................................................................5
1.1. Green Infrastructure - a green or grey concept?...................................................5
1.2. What is Urban Resilience..........................................................................................8
2. NEED FOR THE STUDY.........................................................................................9
2.1. Research Benefits to Urban Life..............................................................................9
3. OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................9
4. SCOPE OF WORK.................................................................................................10
5. LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................11
5.1. GENERAL...............................................................................................................11
5.2. LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................11
5.2.1. Urban green infrastructure as a tool for controlling the resilience of urban
sprawl (José G. Vargas-Hernández, 2020).......................................................................11
5.2.2. Green Infrastructure: concepts and planning (Mell, 2008).................................12
5.2.3. Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century (Mark
Benedict, 2002)....................................................................................................................12
5.2.4. Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing resilience
in Detroit (Sara Meerow∗, 2017).......................................................................................13
5.2.5. Green infrastructure: planning for sustainable and resilient urban
environment (Ranjha, 2016)..............................................................................................14
6. METHODOLOGY.....................................................................................................................15
6.1. GENERAL...............................................................................................................15
6.2. METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................15
7. FUTURE SCOPE......................................................................................................................17
7.1. RESEARCH SCHEDULE......................................................................................17
7.2. CONCLUSIONS......................................................................................................18
8. REFERNCES............................................................................................................................19
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LIST OF FIGURES
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ABBREVIATIONS
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CHAPTER 1
1INTRODUCTION
1. GENERAL
"Green" infrastructure is originally defined in and around cities with parks, forests,
wetlands, greenbelts, or floods that provide enhanced quality of life or "ecosystem
services" such as water filtration and flood control. Green infrastructure is now more
frequently connected to environmental or sustainability priorities that cities are
seeking to accomplish through a combination of natural approaches.
It is an essential component of living that gives people and places in both urban and
rural landscapes significant benefits.
The term “Green Infrastructure” defines the network of natural landscape assets
that underpin our cities and towns' economic, socio-cultural and environmental
functionality, i.e. green spaces and water systems that converge, link and provide
essential life support within our urban areas for humans and other organisms.
These philosophies are the core ideas in the GI literature that concentrate on the
premise that green infrastructure can and does encourage landscape functionality;
concepts of connectivity between people, places and services, accessibility to the
landscape and the provision of a variety of advantages within an integrated approach
to urban landscape growth.
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1.1.1. Types of Green Infrastructure
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1.1.2. Benefits of Green Infrastructure
The below diagram shows a clear perspective GI Planning benefits into various
aspects of environment:
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1.1.3. Green Infrastructure Practices
Urban resilience is the “ability to survive, adapt, and grow within a city of individuals,
communities, institutions, businesses, and systems, regardless of what kinds of
chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience."
• With 70 percent of the world's population likely to live in cities by 2050, and
with climate change making the distribution of weather and natural resources
more uncertain, building resilience is essential to the protection of life and
property in our increasingly densely populated urban environments.
• The effects of climate change are affecting urban infrastructure in cities
through multiple internal and external hazards (e.g. environmental, social,
technical and economic hazards), so improving the resilience of systems,
institutions and communities is a priority.
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2. NEED FOR THE STUDY
3. OBJECTIVE
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4. SCOPE OF WORK
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CHAPTER 2
5. LITERATURE REVIEW
5.1. GENERAL
• The main objective of this literature review is therefore to examine the current
experience of GI planning and development activities worldwide. There are
numerous reports and articles addressing GI's planning and growth strategy
at various levels.
• Study papers are also carried out to classify the current state of GI information
through a systematic quantitative literature review of peer-reviewed
publications.
• Reviewing numerous research papers will also help to analyses various GI
planning strategies and development processes at micro and macro scales
that can be used as baseline knowledge for different urban planners in the
future.
Abstract:
• The aim of this paper was to analyses existing relationships and control
functions on the resilience of urban sprawl among urban green infrastructures.
• The analysis begins to question whether after achieving urban support
through urban green infrastructure, urban sprawl can be controlled by
sustainable growth.
• Resilience is a useful concept for understanding and managing urban
settlements as dynamic, complex and adaptive systems, resilience is the
ability of social, economic and environmental systems to cope with dangerous
events, trends and disruptions, and to respond and reorganize to maintain
their essential role, identity and structure while maintaining the capacity for
adaptation, learning and rehabilitation.
• Urban settlements should be encouraged to use green development methods
to fix urban green and open public space programmed management to
minimize greenhouse gas emissions, absorption of stormwater, water
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pollution control, transformation of empty lots, impermeable roofs and streets
into urban green spaces and biodiversity ecosystems.
Conclusion:
• The study indicates that by addressing a wider range of ecosystem disorders
and disasters, a holistic approach is needed to construct urban resilience
based on green infrastructure.
Abstract:
• Since it was first discussed in the late 1990s, green infrastructure planning
has risen in popularity. The number of various advantages of green
infrastructure in different urban and urban fringe environments has been
discussed as enabling planners to build multifunctional, creative and
sustainable places.
• The goal of this paper was to explore many different areas of research that
have attributed importance to the ideas underpinning the planning of green
infrastructure. Green infrastructure will be addressed as a multi-faceted
planning approach to continuously evolving landscapes, using the themes of
urban regeneration and health and climate change.
• Presently green infrastructure research can be divided into two categories:
conceptual research and functional implementation.
• Climate change, community renewal and better construction are only three
areas that have been proposed that green infrastructure plans will enable
better ways to work and live and can be used by developers to meet their
growth goals.
Conclusion:
• Finally, this paper finishes by proposing that a more mainstream profile can
be established with more funding and growth for green infrastructure planning
and a set of requirements can be developed to include planning strategies for
health, climate change, regeneration or environmental sustainability.
Abstract:
• Green infrastructure is an integrated green space network that protects the
principles and functions of the natural environment and provides human
communities with associated benefits.
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• Planning using green infrastructure differs from traditional open space
planning because in concert with land creation, growth management and built
infrastructure planning, it aims at environmental values.
• This paper describes green infrastructure as a conceptual solution to the
protection of land that addresses the ecological and social impacts of sprawl
and increased open land use and fragmentation.
• The definition and importance of green infrastructure are identified and seven
principles for effective green infrastructure initiatives are discussed.
Conclusion:
• Each state and local government has a proposal for long-range transport.
Detailed proposals for upgrading their airports, sewage treatment plants,
telecommunications facilities and other public amenities are also accessible to
growing communities. Much like these cities need to update and expand their
grey infrastructure, their green infrastructure requires plans to upgrade and
expand.
• It is also more cost-effective to invest in green infrastructure than to build
traditional public works projects.
Abstract:
• Cities are expanding green infrastructure to boost sustainability and services
for the environment.
• For its multifunctionality, green infrastructure is promoted, projects are usually
located based on a single benefit, such as stormwater mitigation, rather than
a suite of socio-economic and environmental benefits.
• Detroit's green infrastructure is not being put in place to optimize ecosystem
services. Detroit is designing and implementing a Green Infrastructure Spatial
Planning (GISP) model.
• In order to optimize ecosystem services, the model offers an integrated,
stakeholder-driven approach.
Conclusion:
• A GIS-based multi-criteria solution that incorporates six advantages: 1)
stormwater management; 2) social vulnerability; 3) open space; 4) air quality;
5) urban heat island improvement; and 6) landscape connectivity. The Green
Infrastructure Spatial Planning (GISP) model
• More generally, it represents an approach to urban planning to determine
conflicting and complementary ecosystem service goals for a landscape.
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5.2.5. Green infrastructure: planning for sustainable and resilient urban
environment[ CITATION Shi16 \l 1033 ]
Author- Shikha Ranjha, DLGS-IOER-TU Dresden, Germany
Published in 2016
Abstract:
• For an array of physical, economic, social, political and cultural resources,
cities are a significant habitat. Climate change is inextricably linked to the
urbanization process, where conventional issues such as rapid population
growth, growing demand for housing space, the need for infrastructure
support
• Innovative green infrastructure construction is a response to these challenges,
such as unprecedented urban growth.
• GI varies from other landscape planning methods because it addresses
ecological and social principles in tandem with other changes in land use.
• The issue mentioned in the paper is that rising levels of urbanization build a
network of obstacles in an urban context that leads to a patchwork of land
uses and isolated open space areas. Natural habitats are therefore spread
across the landscape and replaced by new changes in land use.
Conclusion:
• Green infrastructure planning here refers to policies and planning activities
affecting urban GI through land use and management processes and the
creation of natural areas and components.
• Urban sustainability can be accomplished by managing change or
transformation that guides growth where sustainable development acts as a
strategic instrument that brings together a variety of stakeholders and
interests in the planning and development process.
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6. METHODOLOGY
6.1. GENERAL
Due to the contemporary nature of green infrastructure study, a variety of analytical
approaches had to be used in the key areas of investigation in this research in order
to establish a strong evidence base for each of them. A crucial role in evaluating the
core principles of GI planning would be the Literature Review.
6.2. METHODOLOGY
To achieve the outlined key of the Research:
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• Identification of the challenges and targets of direct dependency on urban life
affecting the environment through questionnaire surveys.
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7. FUTURE SCOPE
In the following chapters, the issues will be discussed in greater depth to explore the
breadth of literature and research being developed with a green infrastructure focus.
The following strategies illustrates the research schedule of how green infrastructure
can enhance sustainable communities and build resilient cities. It approaches and
help achieve a wide range of goals which are:
• Preserving and Restoring Open Space, Natural Beauty, and Critical
Environmental Areas.
• Designing Sustainable Parks, Community Gardens, and Other Public Green
Spaces.
• To Direct Development Toward Existing Communities.
• Creating Compact, Mixed-Use Development.
• Building Neighborhood Streets and Trails That Encourage Walking and
Biking.
• Cultivating Communities with a Strong Sense of Place.
• Encouraging Community and Stakeholder Collaboration in Development
Decisions.
• Promoting Green Building Practices.
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7.2. CONCLUSIONS
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8. REFERNCES
Baro, J. P. a. M. E. Z. d., 6 June 2019. Green Infrastructure in the Urban Environment: A Systematic
Quantitative Review, Australia: School of Design and the Build Environment, Curtin University, Perth.
Environment, C. f. S. a., 2017. Green Infrastructure: A Practitioner’s Guide, New Delhi: Centre for
Science and Environment.
José G. Vargas-Hernández, J. Z.-W., 2020. Urban green infrastructure as a tool for controlling the
resilience of urban sprawl, s.l.: Business.
Mark Benedict, E. T. M., 2002. Green Infrastructure: Smart Conservation for the 21st Century, s.l.:
Renewable Resources Journal 20(3).
Mell, I. C., 2008. Green Infrastructure: concepts and planning, s.l.: School of Architecture, Planning
and Landscape,Newcastle University .
Ranjha, S., 2016. Green infrastructure: planning for sustainable and resilient urban environment,
Germany: DLGS-IOER-TU Dresden.
Sara Meerow∗, J. P. N., 2017. Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: Growing
resilience in Detroit, USA: School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan.
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