The Basic Concept of Tenses in English Verbal Sentences

Citra Priski Abadi, S.S.,M.Pd

http://citra.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id

1. Konsep terkait Waktu dan Sifat Kejadiannya

Tenses adalah bentuk verb (kata kerja) yang perubahannya tergantung pada waktu dan
sifat kejadiannya.

Berdasarkan waktu kejadiannya tenses dibagi menjadi empat bagian yaitu:

1. Present tense : sedang terjadi

2. Past tense : sudah terjadi
3. Future tense : akan terjadi
4. Past future tense : akan terjadi dimasa lampau

Sedangkan berdasarkan sifatnya tenses juga dibagi menjadi empat bagian yaitu:

1. Simple tense : kegiatan yang tidak dalam proses

2. Continuous tense : kegiatan yang sedang dalam proses
3. Perfect tense : kegiatan yang sudah selesai
4. Perfect cont tense : kegiatan yang dimulai sebelum
Suatu saat tertentu, dan pada saat tertentu kegiatan masih
berlangsung.
Jika kedua faktor (waktu dan sifat kejadiannya) digabungkan maka akan terbentuk 16 tenses
yakni:

Sifat Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous

Waktu
Present Present Perfect
Present Simple Present Present Perfect
continuous Continuous

Past Past Perfect

Past Simple Past Past Perfect
continuous Continuous

Future Future Perfect

Future Simple Future Future Perfect
continuous continuous

Simple Past Past Future Past Future Past Future Perfect

Past Future
Future continuous Perfect Continuous

2. Konsep Auxiliary Verb yang digunakan pada tiap Subject

Indung Indung kepala lindung Hujan di udik disini mendung

I, You, They, We : Do
I, You, They, We : Did
I, You, They, We : Have
I, You, They, We : Had
I : am, They, we, you : Are
They, we, you : Were
I, You, They, We : Will
I, You, They, we : Would
She, He, It, Ani : Does
She, He, It, Ani : Did
She, He, It, Ani : Has
She, He, It, Ani : Had
She, he, It, Ani : Is
She, he, It, Ani, I : Was
She, He, It, Ani : Will
She, he, it Ani : Would
3. Konsep Formula pada kalimat Verbal pada setiap Tenses bahasa Inggris
1. Simple Present CONTOH
I, You, They, We Do
She, He, It, Ani Does
 Tambahkan s/es pada V-1 jika I study English
subjectnya she,he,it, Ani pada She studies English
kalimat positive
 Kalau kalimatnya negative I do not / don’t study English
gunakan do/does+ not atau She does not / doesn’t study English
don’t / doesn’t Who studies English?
 Kalau pertanyaan subject
langsung saja V1 tambah s/es When do you study English?

 Kalau menanyakan selain Where does she study English?

subject tambahkan do/does

sebelum subject
2. Simple Past CONTOH
I, You, They, We Did
She, He, It, Ani Did I studied English yesterday.
 Kalau kalimat positif gunakan She studied English yesterday.
V2 Who studied English yesterday?
 Kalau kalimatnya
menanyakan subject gunakan
V2 She did not / didn’t study English
I did not / didn’t study English
 Kalau kalimatnya negative Did you study English yesterday?
gunakan did not + V1 Why did you study English yesterday?

 Kalau menanyakan selain How long did she study English yesterday?

subject tambahkan did

sebelum subject
3. Perfect selalu V3, tobenya Have/ I have drunk water
has dan Had She has drunk water
I, You, They, We Have I had drunk water before I ate a banana.
She, He, It, Ani Has I have not / haven’t drunk water.
 Gunakan have/ has sesuai She has not /hasn’t drunk water.
dengan subjectnya. Who has drunk water?
Khusus ketika Who had drunk water?
menanyakan subject harus Where has she drunk water?
menggunakan “has” When has Rani drunk water?
What had you drunk before you ate a banana?

4. Continuous selalu Ving tubenya I am drinking water now.

kalau: You are drinking water now.
Present Continuous She is drinking water now.
I am they we you are
She, He, It, Ani is
Kalau I was watching TV yesterday.
Past Continuous You were watching TV yesterday.
They we you were
She, He, It, Ani, I was Who is drinking water now?
 Gunakan “is / was” jika Who was watching TV yesterday?
menanyakan subject
 Gunakan tobe Why are you drinking water now?
“is/am/are/was/were/ What is she watching now?
sebelum subject ketika Why am I drinking water now?
menanyakan selain subject What was she drinking yesterday?
Where were you watching TV yesterday?
5. Future selalu menggunakan V1 I will study English tomorrow.
tobenya kalau She will study English tomorrow.
Simple Future gunakan Will I will not study English tomorrow.
 Past Future gunakan Would
6. Karena Perfect selalu V3 dan
Continuous selalu Ving maka
Tambahkan “been” sebelum Ving
pada
Present Perfect Continuous
& I had been studying English.
Past Perfect Continuous
Kalau menanyakan subject
gunakan has/ had sesuaikan time
signalnya
Kalau menanyakan selain subject,
letakkan have/has/had sebelum
subject
7. Karena Future harus V1 dan
Continuous harus Ving
Maka pada : Future Continuous”
Tambahkan “be” sebelum Ving
She will not study English tomorrow.
Will you study English tomorrow?
Will she study English tomorrow?
Who will study English tomorrow?
Where will you study English tomorrow?
What will you study tomorrow?
I have been studying English.
She has been studying English.
She had been studying English.
Who has been studying English?
Who had been studying English?
How long have you been studying English?
How long has she been studying English?
How long had you been studying English?
How long had she been studying English?
I will be studying English
She will be studying English
I will not be studying English
She will not be studying English
 Who will be studying English?
Will she be studying English?
What will she be studying?
Where will she be studying

Abadi, Citra Priski. 2016. Elementary English Grammar. http://citra.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id

Abadi, Citra Priski. 2016. Pre-Intermediate English Grammar. http://citra.iain-palangkaraya.ac.id