EEE 309

Communication Systems I
Level-3, Term-I
Dr. Md. Forkan Uddin
Associate Professor
Dept. of EEE, BUET, Dhaka 1205

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 Why you need to study this course?
We pass a part of our daily life using electronic
communication
Communication technologies are changing very rapidly
Communication technologies are based on some basic
theories and concepts
This course will provide the knowledge of fundamental
theories and concepts of communication
An Electrical Engineer must know the concepts and
theories of communication (Why?)

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What is the purpose of this course?
To provide the fundamental knowledge of
communication theories
The fundamental knowledge of this course will help
you
 To understand the communication courses in the next
semesters and post-graduate studies
 To pursue research in communications
 To work in communication industries

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 Required Background
Basic Electrical and Electronic Circuit theories
(EEE 101, EEE 105, EEE 201)

Continuous Signals and Linear Systems(EEE 211)

Fourier transform, Fourier Series, convolution

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 Books
Text Books:
1. “Communication Systems”, 5th Edition, Simon
Haykin and Michael Moher
2. “Modern Digital and Analog Communication
System” 4th Edition, B. P. Lathi and Zhi Ding

Reference Books:
1. “Fundamental of Communication System,”
Michael Fitz
2. “Communication Systems and Techniques” M.
Schwartz, ‎W. R. Bennett, and ‎S. Stein

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 Grading
Attendance: 10%
Class Test and Assignment: 20%
Final: 70%

Proxy in class attendance is strictly forbidden.

For proxy, 30% will be considered as zero.

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 Course Overview
 Communication System Overview
 Basic principles
 Fundamental elements
 System limitations
 Message source
 Bandwidth requirements
 Transmission media types, bandwidth
 Transmission capacity
 Noise
 Sources of noise
 Characteristics of various types of noise
 Signal to noise ratio (SNR) 7
 Course Overview (Contd..)
 Analog Communication systems
 Base-band transmission vs carrier transmission
 Amplitude modulation with carrier, double side band, single
side band, vestigial side band, quadrature; spectral analysis of
each type, envelope and synchronous detection
 Angle modulation- instantaneous frequency, frequency
modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM), spectral
analysis, demodulation of FM and PM
 Analog to Digital Conversion
 Sampling theorem, Nyquist criterion, aliasing
 Pulse code modulation (PCM)- quantization principle,
quantization noise, non-uniform quantization, signal to
quantization error ratio, differential PCM, demodulation of
PCM 8
 Course Overview (Contd..)
 Analog to Digital Conversion
 Delta modulation (DM)- principle, adaptive DM
 line coding- formats and bandwidths instantaneous
 Pulse Modulations: Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM),
natural sampling, flat-topped sampling pulse amplitude
modulation- principle, bandwidth requirements; pulse
position modulation (PPM), pulse width modulation (PWM)
 Digital modulation and demodulation
 Amplitude-shift keying- principle, ON-OFF keying, bandwidth
requirements, detection, noise performance
 Phase-shift keying (PSK)- principle, bandwidth requirements,
detection, differential PSK, quadrature PSK, noise
performance
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 Course Overview (Contd..)
 Digital modulation and demodulation
 Frequency-shift keying (FSK)- principle, continuous and discontinuous
phase FSK, minimum-shift keying, bandwidth requirements, detection
of FSK, Multilevel signalling.
 Multiplexing
 Time-division multiplexing (TDM)- principle, receiver synchronization,
frame synchronization, TDM of multiple bit rate systems
 Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)- principle, de-multiplexing, PDH,
SONET/SDH.
 Multiple-access techniques
 Time-division multiple-access (TDMA)
 Frequency-division multiple access (FDMA)
 Code-division multiple-access (CDMA) - spread spectrum multiplexing,
coding techniques and constraints of CDMA
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 History of Communication: Early stage

 Before human beings created

languages and alphabets,
they communicated with
both sound and body
language
 They have used smoke and
light for communication
 Drawing is also used for
communication at the early
stage

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 History of Communication:
Developing Technology
1799 Alessandro Volta
invented electric battery.

1831 – Professor Joseph

Henry, Albany, NY – Ring a bell
at a distance by connecting
and disconnecting wires

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 History of Communication
1837 Samuel Morse
demonstrated telegraph
Morse devised a
language with a series of
long and short signals that
represented letters and
numbers
 1844 first telegraph line
(Washington-Baltimore)
became operational
Sent electronic signals using
wires
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 History of communication
1854 – 25,000 miles of telegraph wires have
been laid across the US. – Train schedules,
weather, important news
 1864 – A telegraph line spans the entire
continental US
– Western Union is formed.
Very costly

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 History of communication
1864, Maxwell formulated the
eletromagnetic (EM) theory
1875, Bell invented the telephone
-Huge implementations and
modifications
 1887, Hertz demonstrated physical
evidence of EM waves
 Hertz demonstrated with an
experiment the wave character of
electrical transmission through Alexander Graham Bell
space

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 History of Communication
1895 Guglielmo Marconi
-first demonstration of wireless
telegraphy
-long wave transmission, high
transmission power necessary (> 200kw)
1907 Commercial radio broadcast
-huge base stations
1918, Armstrong invented superheterodyne radio
receiver (and FM in 1933)
 1921, land-mobile communication

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 History of Communication
1947, microwave relay system
 1957, era of satellite communication began
 1966, Kuen Kao pioneered fiber-optical
communications (Nobel Prize Winner)
- now backbone communication is based on optical fiber
 1970’s, era of computer networks began
 1981, analog cellular system
 1988, digital cellular system debuted in Europe
1992 Start of GSM

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 History of Communication
1996 HiperLAN (High Performance Radio Local Area
Network) (up to 155Mbit/s)
1997 Wireless LAN - IEEE802.11
-IEEE standard, 2.4 - 2.5GHz and infrared, 2Mbit/s

1999 Standardization of additional wireless LANs

- IEEE standard 802.11b, 2.4-2.5GHz, 11Mbit/s
-Bluetooth for piconets, 2.4Ghz, <1Mbit/s
 2000, 3G network
 4G WiMax – standardized in 2005. Not implemented
in north America or Europe
 In the recent years, some countries in Asia and Africa
the WiMax is implemented
 4G LTE cellular is implemented in few countries
 5G standard is developing 18