Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601

EC4011D WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

Pre-requisite: EC3012D Communication Theory and Systems II

L T P C
Total hours: 39 3 0 0 3

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Explain different types of wireless channels, examine the effects of mobile radio propagation
environment, and discuss modern wireless systems
CO2: Analyze the effectiveness of different techniques such as diversity reception, RAKE receiver, and
spread spectrum in combating / mitigating the multichannel fading effects on received signals
CO3: Evaluate the impact of mobile/wireless channels and performance enhancement techniques on
communication systems, and justify the findings
CO4: Modify existing communication technologies or design & developnew technologies for enhanced
spectral efficiency and quality of experience, so as to meet the growing demandfor mobile
communication

Module 1: (13 hours)

Cellular concept –TDMA, FDMA, CDMA - frequency reuse – cochannel interference -power control for
reducing interference - improving capacity in cellular systems – cell splitting - sectoring - hand off strategies
- call blocking in cellular networks.
Mobile radio propagation - free space propagation model - ground reflection model – large scale path loss
- small scale fading and multipath propagation - impulse response model of a multipath channel -
parameters of a mobile multipath channel - multipath delay spread - doppler spread - coherence band width
- coherence time - time dispersion and frequency selective fading - frequency dispersion and time selective
fading - concepts of level crossing rate and average fade duration
.
Module 2: (13 hours)

Digital communication through fading multipath channels - frequency non selective, slowly fading channels
- frequency selective, slowly fading channels- calculation of error probabilities - tapped delay line model -
the RAKE receiver performance – diversity techniques for mobile wireless radio systems concept of
diversity branch and signal paths -combining methods - selective diversity combining - maximal ratio
combining- beam forming - Alamouti scheme - MGFs in diversity analysis - parallel decomposition of MIMO
channel.

Module 3: (13 hours)

Fundamental concepts of spread spectrum systems - pseudo noise sequence - performance of direct
sequence spread spectrum systems - analysis of direct sequence spread spectrum systems - the
processing gain and anti jamming margin – frequency hopped spread spectrum systems – Orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) – cyclic prefix – peak-to-average power ratio – OFDMA – single
carrier FDMA – case study with LTE/LTE-advanced 4G system.

References:

1. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005

2. Rapport Thoedore S., Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice, 2nded, Pearson, 2010
3. Haykin, S. and Moher M., Modern Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall 2005.
4. Proakis J.G., Digital Communications, Third Edition, MGH,2001

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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601

EC4012D RADIATION AND ANTENNA THEORY

Pre-requisites: EC2022D Electromagnetic Field Theory

L T P C
3 0 0 3
Total hours: 39

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Outline important and fundamental antenna engineering parameters and terminology
CO2: Interpret the basic concepts of electromagnetic wave radiation and reception
CO3: Develop the basic skills necessary for designing a wide variety of practical antennas and antenna
arrays.
CO4: Identify the atmospheric and terrestrial effects on radio wave propagation.

Module 1: (15 hours)

Potential functions, radiation from Hertz dipole: near filed, far field, radiated power, radiation resistance,
radiation pattern, thin linear dipole antenna, receiving antenna, monopole antenna, half-wavelength dipole
antenna, Fourier transform relationship between current and radiation pattern.
Radiation parameters of antenna: half power beam width, directivity, antenna gain, beam solid angle,
effective height, radiation efficiency.

Module 2: (15 hours)

Antenna arrays: two element array; Uniform Linear Array: direction of maximum radiation, broadside and
end-fire directions, directions of nulls, directions of sidelobes, half power beam width, directivity of uniform
array, grating lobe, array synthesis; Special Types of Arrays: binomial array, Chebyshev array,
superdirective arrays.
.
Types of antennas: basic principle of beam steering, travelling wave antennas, principle and applications
of parabolic dish and rectangular patch antennas and log periodic antenna array, antennas for mobile base
station and handsets, basic principle of smart antenna.

Module 3: (9 hours)

Propagation of radio waves: Modes, structure of atmosphere, characteristics of ionized regions, sky wave
propagation, effect of earth‘s magnetic field, MUF, skip distance, virtual height, skip distance ionospheric
abnormalities and absorption, space wave propagation, LOS distance, effective earth‘s radius, field
strength of space wave, duct propagation, VHF and UHF Mobile radio propagation, tropospheric scatter
propagation, fading and diversity techniques.

References:

1. John D. Krauss, Antennas for all Applications, McGraw-Hill Series 3rdEdn., 1988.
2. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory-Analysis and Design, Wiley-India, 3rd Edn.,2010.
3. Matthew N. O. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, Oxford University Press, 4th Edn., 2006.
4. R K Shevgaonkar, Electromagnetics Waves, McGraw Hill, 1stEdn.,2016.
5. Frank Gross, “Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications”, McGraw-Hill Series, 2005.
6. Jordan and Balmain: Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems, Pearson India, 2ndEdn., 2015.
7. Ronald J Marhefka, A S Khan, John D Krauss, Antennas & Wave Propagation, SIE, 4th Edn., 2017.

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Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, 673601

EC4091D COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING LAB II

Pre-requisites: EC3012D Communication Theory and Systems II

EC3021D Information Theory and Coding
L T P C
0 0 3 2
Total hours: 39

Course Outcomes:

CO1: Acquire the ability to design, implement and test modems for digital communication systems
CO2 Develop the necessary skills for the software implementation and performance evaluation of digital
modulation schemes using realistic channel; models
CO3: Acquire the capability to use new software and hardware tools tools effectively and creatively to
synthesize digital communication systems.
CO4: Develop the ability to work independently and within a group and make valid contributions to
achieve the objectives
CO5: Demonstrate skills for conducting oral presentations and writing good quality technical reports
Hardware Experiments:
1. Pulse code modulation (PCM) and Differential PCM
2. Delta modulation
3. Time division multiplexing
4. Line coding schemes
5. Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BPSK): Modulation and Demodulation
6. Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK): Modulation and Demodulation
7. Binary Differential PSK: Modulation and Demodulation
8. Quadrature PSK: Modulation and Demodulation
9. Linear block codes: Encoder and decoder
10. Cyclic Codes: Encoder and decoder

Simulation Experiments:
1. Bit/symbol error rate evaluation of digital modulation schemes such as BPSK, QPSK, BFSK and
DPSK over additive white Gaussian channels
2. Channel Equalizers (Zero forcing and MMSE): Performance evaluation over AWGN channels
3. Convolutional Coders and Viterbi Decoder: Performance evaluation over AWGN channels

References:

1. L.W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 7/E, Pearson, 2007.
2. W. Tomasi, Electronics Communication Systems: Fundamentals Through Advanced, 5/e, Pearson,
2007
3. J.G. Proakis, and M. Salehi, Contemporary Communication Systems using MATLAB, Bookware
Companion Series, 2006

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