ETABS 2016 – RC Frame

Example (Part 2)
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN

Reference: G. Özmen, E. Orakdöğen, K. Darılmaz, «Örneklerle ETABS

2013, Örnek 4: Perdeli ve Çerçeveli Yapı», Birsen Yayınevi, İstanbul, 2014
 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent Seismic Loads

• Here we are going to determine equivalent seismic forces which we are going to use for the
analysis of 8-story RC building (i.e. previously modeled).
• Assume you obtained map spectral acceleration coefficients of Ss=1.369 (for short periods) and
S1=0.332 (for a period of 1 sec.) corresponding to a return period of 475 years (DD2 ground
motion level for design). Also, assume you provided Ss=0.447 and S1=0.113 corresponding to a
return period of 72 years (DD3 ground motion level).
• Assume the soil conditions are determined as ZC after a soil survey.
• By using the above information, you may obtain local soil coefficients as Fs=1.2 and F1=1.5 from
Tables 2.1 and 2.2 (in the seismic code), respectively.
• Then design spectral accelerations can be calculated as SDs=1.369×1.2=1.643 and
SD1=0.332×1.5=0.498.
• The corner periods may be estimated as TA=0.2×0.498/1.643=0.06 sec. and TB=0.498/1.643=0.3
sec.
 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent Seismic Loads

• Lateral elastic design spectrum:
𝑇𝑇
𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = 0.4 + 0.6 1.643 0 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 𝑇𝑇𝐴𝐴
0.06
𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = 1.643 𝑇𝑇𝐴𝐴 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 𝑇𝑇𝐵𝐵
0.498
𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇𝐵𝐵 < 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 𝑇𝑇𝐿𝐿 (TL=6 sec.)
𝑇𝑇
0.498×6
𝑆𝑆𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑇𝑇 = 𝑇𝑇𝐿𝐿 ≤ 𝑇𝑇
𝑇𝑇 2
 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent Seismic Loads

• You should construct the elastic design spectrum for various period values («T» is the variable)
• You may choose an increment of 0.01 sec. for this region.
Here the excel operation: «=(0.4+10*T)*1.643»

Here the excel operation: «=1.643». You may change the increment of
period to 0.1 sec. after a certain point.

Here the excel operation: «=0.498/T». This operation will be valid up to

TL=6 sec.

You may continue excel operation as: «=0.498*6/T^2». This operation

will be valid up to between 6 and 7 sec.
Note: You may not form this region since the fundamental period of
your model remains way below this 6 sec.
 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent Seismic Loads

• The constructed design spectrum:

• The elastic design spectral acceleration coefficients (Sae) can be determined as 0.44 and 0.60
from the spectrum for the x and y directions, respectively.
 Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent Seismic Loads

• The building category (BKS) is «3» and the importance factor (I) will be taken as «1.0» for
residential buildings (Table 3.1 of seismic code). The earthquake design category (DTS)
becomes to be «1» for SDS>0.75 and BKS=3 (Table 3.2). The building height (HN) is 25 m. (4 m at
ground story+3 m at upper stories*7). From Table 3.3, building height category becomes to be
«5» for DTS=1.
• According to Table 3.4.a, we may apply «load based design» with a «controlled damage»
performance objective under DD2 ground motion level, since DTS=1 and (BYS=5)>2.
• Our structural system will include RC moment resisting frames and shear walls which are both
selected to be «high ductility» in the desing process. This corresponds to «A15» in Table 4.1
with a behavior factor for the structural system, R=7; overstrength factor , D=2.5 and permitted
BYS≥2.
 Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Seismic Loads along x-direction

• Tx=1.123 sec.>TB=0.6 sec. Therefore, Ra(T)=R/I=7/1=7
• SaR(T)=Sae(T)/Ra(T)=0.44/7=0.063
• mt=3159004 kg=3159 tonnes. (summation of the story masses obtained in the slide of Part 1)
• The base shear along-x direction:
(𝑿𝑿) 𝑚𝑚 9.81
𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 3159004 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 0.063 × 9.81 = 1952359𝑁𝑁 ≅ 1952 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 < 0.04 × 3159004 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 1 × 1.643 × = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
𝑠𝑠 2 1000
• Therefore use Vte(X)=2037 kN.
• Additional lateral force at the roof level:
(𝑿𝑿)
𝚫𝚫𝚫𝚫𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵 = 0.0075 × 8 × 2037 = 122 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
 Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Seismic Loads along x-direction

• You may use excel to distribute the base shear to the floor levels as shown below.
x-direction
Story Masses Height (m)
m8 271846.78 25
m7 402252.54 22
m6 402252.54 19
m5 404355.71 16
m4 406955.99 13
m3 406955.99 10
m2 420741.27 7
m1 443643.46 4
mt 3159004.28
1952359.42 N
Vte
1952.36 kN Equivalent lateral (shear) forces at the story levels:
min Vte 2036651.76 N
2036.651758 kN
∆FNE 122 kN

F8 418.8
F7 386.5
F6 333.8
F5 282.6
F4 231.1
F3 177.7
F2 128.6
F1 77.5
Check Sum 2036.651758
 Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Seismic Loads along y-direction

• Tx=0.829 sec.>TB=0.6 sec. Therefore, Ra(T)=R/I=7/1=7
• SaR(T)=Sae(T)/Ra(T)=0.60/7=0.086
• mt=3159004 kg=3159 tonnes. (summation of the story masses obtained in the slide of Part 1)
• The base shear along-y direction:
(𝒀𝒀) 𝑚𝑚 9.81
𝑽𝑽𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 = 3159004 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 0.086 × 9.81 = 2665126 𝑁𝑁 ≅ 2665 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 < 0.04 × 3159004 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 × 1 × 1.643 × = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝒌𝒌𝒌
𝑠𝑠 2 1000

• Therefore use Vte(Y)=2665 kN.

• Additional lateral force at the roof level:
(𝒀𝒀)
𝚫𝚫𝚫𝚫𝑵𝑵𝑵𝑵 = 0.0075 × 8 × 2665 = 160 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘
 Part 2 – Estimation of Equivalent
Assoc.Prof.Dr. Emre AKIN
ADU Civil Eng. Dept.

Seismic Loads along y-direction

• You may use excel to distribute the base shear to the floor levels as shown below.
y-direction
Story MassesHeight (m)
m8 271846.78 25
m7 402252.54 22
m6 402252.54 19
m5 404355.71 16
m4 406955.99 13
m3 406955.99 10
m2 420741.27 7
m1 443643.46 4
mt 3159004.28
2665125.55 N
Vte
2665.13 kN Equivalent lateral (shear) forces at the story levels:
min Vte 2036651.76 N
2036.651758 kN
∆FNE 160 kN

F8 548.4
F7 505.7
F6 436.7
F5 369.7
F4 302.3
F3 232.6
F2 168.3
F1 101.4
Check Sum 2665.125551