Chemical Engineering

Ques1.

Explain the reaction of Ethene with Bromine water?                                                   

SOLUTION

Step 1
When ethene reacts with bromine water 1,2 dibromo ethane is formed. The reaction is
used as a test for unsaturation as the red color of bromine disappears.
Step 2
The reaction is electrophilic addition. The figure of the process is as follows:

Ques2.

A large-scale coal gasification plant is producing synthesis gas at a temperature of 650

K and a pressure of 6.3 MPa. The rate of production from this process is 18000 mol/s
of H2. The hydrogen is produced for use in a Phosphoric-Acid Fuel cell, which
operates at a temperature of 236.0 °C at the same pressure. Determine the heat
transferred from the cooling of hydrogen in MJ/s. Give your answer with 1 decimal
point with correct signs (use the correct final and initial temperatures in the enthalpy
equation). 

Specific heat capacity of H2 gas is 0.032 kJ/mol/C. 

Temperature conversion: T(K) = T(C) + 273

SOLUTION
Step 1
Given,

         Moles of hydrogen = 18000 molsSpecific heat of hydrogen=0.032 kJmol °C                                
        Th=650 K                                             =(650−273) °C                                             =377 °C     
                                   Tc=236 °C         Moles of hydrogen = 18000 molsSpecific heat of hydrogen
=0.032 kJmol °C                                        Th=650 K                                             =650-273 °C       
                                      =377 °C                                        Tc=236 °C
Step 2
We know that heat transfer, Q, can be calculated from the formula,

   Q=mCp∆T        ........(1)Where,    m=moles  Cp=Specific heat in kJmol °C∆T=Temperature differe
nce   Q=mCp∆T        ........(1)Where,    m=moles  Cp=Specific heat in kJmol °C∆T=Temperature 
difference

Putting all the variables into equation (1), we get,

Q====18000 mols×0.032 kJmol·°C×(377−236) °C(18000×0.032×141) kJs81216×10−3 MJs81.216 MJs
Q=18000 mols×0.032 kJmol·°C×377-236 °C=18000×0.032×141 kJs=81216×10-3 MJs=81.216 
MJs

Therefore, the heat transferred from the cooling of hydrogen is calculated

as 81.216 MJs81.216 MJs.

Ques 3.

To maintain the room temperature above the survival temperature of COVID-19 virus,
1000 cu.ft./min of air (A) at 95oF dry bulb, 74oF wet bulb is mixed with 2000
cu.ft./min of air (B) at 65oF dry bulb, 54oF wet bulb. Determine the dry bulb
temperature of the mixed stream. The following data apply: air A has 36% humidity,
0.013 lbs water-vapor per lbs of dry air, and a humid volume of 14. 3 cu.ft./lb dry air;
air B has 40% humidity, 0.006 lbs water vapor per lbs dry air, and a humid volume of
13.3 cu.ft./lb dry air.

a. 61oF
b. None of these
c. 74.7oF
d. 81.9oF
e. 53.81oF

SOLUTION
Step 1
Given data:

Volumetric flow rate of air in stream A = 1000 ft 3/min

Volumetric flow rate of air in stream B = 2000 ft 3/min

Dry bulb temperature of air in stream A = 95 0F

Wet bulb temperature of air in stream A = 74 0F

Dry bulb temperature of air in stream B = 65 0F

Wet bulb temperature of air in stream B = 54 0F

Percentage humidity of air in stream A = 36 %

Absolute mass humidity of air in stream A = 0.013 lb water vapor/lb dry air

Humid volume of air in stream A =14.3 ft3/lb dry air

Percentage humidity of air in stream B = 40 %

Absolute mass humidity of air in stream B = 0.006lb water vapor/lb dry air

Humid volume of air in stream B = 13.3 ft3/lb dry air

 
Step 2
Two streams of air, stream A and B are mixed to produce a mixed stream of air.

The process flow diagram is shown below:

Step 3
The mass flow rate of dry air in stream A and in B is calculated as follows:

Volumetric flow rate of air in stream A = 1000 ft 3/min

Humid volume of air in stream A =14.3 ft3/lb dry air

Volumetric flow rate of air in stream B = 2000 ft 3/min

Humid volume of air in stream B =13.3 ft3/lb dry air

mA mB ==== 1000 ft3min/14.3 ft3lb dry air/ 69.93 lb  2000 ft3min/13.3 ft3lb dry air/150.38 lbmA = 1000 ft3min14.3 ft3l
b dry air= 69.93 lbmB =  2000 ft3min13.3 ft3lb dry air=150.38 lb

Where,

mA and mB represents the mass flow rate of dry air in stream A and B respectively.

Step 4
Apply the overall material balance on dry air

mA + mB  = mMmA + mB  =mM               .............. (1)

Where,

mM represents the mass flow rate of dry air in mixed stream.

Apply the overall energy balance

mAhA + mBhB = mMhMmAhA + mBhB = mMhM               ................ (2)

Where,

hA represents the specific enthalpy of air in stream A.

hB represents the specific enthalpy of air in stream B.

hM represents the specific enthalpy of air in stream M.

Step 5
From the psychometric chart, the specific enthalpy of air in stream A at given
conditions is,

hA =  9 Btu/lb dry air (approximate)

The specific enthalpy of dry air in stream B at given conditions is,

hB =  0 Btu/lb dry air (approximate)

Solve equation (1) and (2)

mM  69.93 lb × 9 Btulb/ + 150.38 lb × 0  hM  ===== 69.93 lb + 150.38 lb 220.31lb hm × 220.31lb 6
29.37 Btu220.31 lb 2.856 Btulb/mM = 69.93 lb + 150.38 lb = 220.31lb69.93 lb × 9 Btulb + 150.38 lb × 
0  = hm × 220.31lbhM = 629.37 Btu220.31 lb = 2.856 Btulb

Step 6
Apply water vapor balance

Y′AmA + Y′BmB = Y′MmMYA'mA + YB'mB = YM'mM                  ............... (3)

Where,

YA’ represents the absolute mass humidity of air in stream A.

YB’ represents the absolute mass humidity of air in stream B.

YM’ represents the absolute mass humidity of air in stream M.

Plugin the values in equation (3)

0.013 lb water vaporlb dry air/ × 69.93 lb dry air + 0.006 lb water vaporlb dry air/ × 150.38 lb dry air 0.90909 l
b water vapor + 0.90228 lb water vapor Y′M ==== 220.31 lb dry air × Y′M 220.31 lb dry air × Y
′M 1.81137 lb water vapor220.31 lb dry air0.0082 lb water vaporlb dry air/0.013 lb water vaporlb dry air × 69.93 lb 
dry air + 0.006 lb water vaporlb dry air × 150.38 lb dry air = 220.31 lb dry air × YM'0.90909 lb 
water vapor + 0.90228 lb water vapor = 220.31 lb dry air × YM'YM' = 1.81137 lb water vapor22
0.31 lb dry air=0.0082 lb water vaporlb dry air

Step 7
From the psychometric chart, the dry bulb temperature of mixed stream at absolute
mass humidly and specific enthalpy of dry air is, 82.1 0F (approximate).

The nearest value of dry bulb temperature in the given option is 81.9 0F. Therefore the
correct answer is option (d).