EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL

CONCEPT:

What are the educational materials?

It is understood by educational material to all those means and resources that

facilitate teaching and learning in an educational context, stimulating the senses
function for easy access to the acquisition of skills concepts, attitudes or skills way.

"If a student is unable to solve a problem in an abstract way, it would have made a
more concrete model to reflect on their doubts, from a piece of paper to a material
market can serve as support and should have it at your fingertips

OTHER NAMES

Aids, instructional media, audiovisual resources, teaching resources, educational

materials, educational materials •

Teaching material is any material made with the intention of facilitating the
teaching and learning processes. For example a textbook, an electronic course or a
multimedia program. Educational material is any material that, in a particular
educational context, is used with a didactic purpose or to facilitate or support the
development of learning activities.

Stimulate the function of sense

Are all means and resources to facilitate the process of activating experiences and
prior learning teaching and learning help to more easily access new information
collaborate in the formation and development of attitudes and values.

 IMPORTANCE

Enrich the sensory experience based learning and educating approach the reality of
what they are want to teach.

Motivate learning.

It allows develop handling skills.

 Greater interaction between teacher and student.

It saves time.
The educational material acquires importance as the teacher set their creativity
and originality in the design, use, selection and adaptation to the environment.

FEATURES

• It is suitable to the characteristics, interests and needs of children and their

contexts.

• Encourage participation and creative thinking.

• It is attractive in terms of treatment.

• is functional, it is easily understood in terms of its structure and content,

language and application.

• Meets effectively its role either as guide, supplementing or reinforcing material

and application.

• It is educational and varied.

• It is possible, as to their production and use in various financial circumstances,

materials, social.

• It is appropriate, durable and resistant.

CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS EDUCATIVOSPOR DURATION:

Thanks to advances in science and technology, there have been several studies on
the classification of educational materials and are described below:

By origin:

a) Natural. They are materials that take from nature. For example, stones, leaves,
seeds, etc.

b) Artificial. They are those that must intervene man's hand. For example sheets,
etc.

By their nature:

a) Structured. They are those materials that are purchased commercially: logical
block, maps, globes, etc.
b) Unstructured. Are those that the teacher prepares himself or with his students,
such as mobile, sheets, posters, etc.

For its use:

a) Fungible. They are those materials subject to wear or wear and tear and
consumed. They can be in turn:

- Consumables for common use; such as chalk, pencils, notebooks, etc.

- Consumables for occasional use. Such as play dough, crayons, pencils,

watercolors, etc.

c) not fungible. They are those materials that are not spent. Such as books, maps,
films, etc.

For the sensory pathway:

a) Visual. They are materials which can be seen with the eye.

b) Hearing. They are materials that are perceived with the sense of hearing.

c) Audio-Visual. Are those materials where the use of both directions is required:
visual and auditory.

According to the level of specificity. According to this classification draws on the

cone Edward Dale, going from the concrete to the abstract. This classification is
closer to the thinking of the child. Includes twelve levels are:

a) direct experiences. Allow interaction between students and the facts and
objectives of the same reality. Allow to develop various sensory abilities: seeing,
hearing, touch, taste, etc.
b) Prepared experiences. They are educational materials that have an
approximation to reality. For example: a model, etc.

c) Dramatizations. Reconstruction of events, performances of historic landscapes.

c) Demonstrations. Processes can explain a phenomenon. For example the water

cycle, etc.

d) Excursions. Promote direct perception, they are performed with the aim that the
student has the opportunity to observe cultural events.

e) Exhibits. Whose purpose is to present something unknown to viewers.

g) Educational Television. Audiovisual resource that allows to see past events that
occur when other parts of the world.

h) Movies. They allow us to observe distant places and events, but not the right
time.

i) still images. They serve for the practice of observation and the corresponding
analysis.

j) Radio - Recordings. Through the radio can transmit programs for various ages
and variados.k themes) verbal symbols. They correspond to full abstraction
activities and covers all the material that makes use of conventional signs and
signals (written or spoken words). For example we have the posters read, etc.l)
visual symbols. They consist of a variety of graphical representations of abstract
nature, we blackboard, etc.
 Features of the teaching materials

Next we show a brief description of the characteristics of teaching aids:

• Ease of use: If it is controllable or not by teachers and students, need specialized

personnel.

• Use individually or collectively: If you can use individually, in small or large

groups.

• Versatility: Adapting to different contexts; environments, teaching strategies

and students;

• Open: Allowing modification of content being treated.

• Promote the use of other materials (tiles, dictionaries ...) and performing
(individual and cooperative group) complementary activities.

• Provide information: Virtually all provide information explicitly teaching aids

such as books, videos, etc.

• Capacity of motivation: To motivate the student / a, materials should arouse

and maintain curiosity and interest in its use, without causing anxiety and
preventing the playful elements interfere negatively on learning.

• Adaptation to the work rate of the students: Good materials take into
account the psycho-evolutional characteristics of the students to which they are
targeted (cognitive development, skills, interests, needs ...) and progress They are
performing go.

• Stimulate: The development of metacognitive skills and learning strategies

among students, to enable them to plan, regulate and evaluate their own learning
activity, causing reflection on their knowledge and the methods they use to think.
Since learning involves significantly change the patterns of knowledge themselves,
restructure, revise, extend and enrich the cognitive structure;

• cognitive effort. Class materials must provide meaningful and transferable to

other learning situations through continuous mental activity in line with the nature
of the learning that is intended,
• Availability: must be available at the time they are needed

• Guiding the learning of tje students

Advantages and disadvantages of educational materials

SLATE

Advantage

 illustrates facts, ideas and processes.

 Clarify concepts with the help of drawings, diagrams, maps, diagrams.

 The teacher can incorporate the ideas of the students at the time suggested. It
allows gradually add visual information.

Disadvantages

 It is difficult to transport.

 It is unclear whether the student is saturated with information.

You can not permanently keep the information.

TRANSPARENCY AND POWER POINT

Advantage

 high visual impact.

 it presents information dynamically.

 Save time.

 Allows freedom of imagination.

  Easy to use and presentation can be controlled by the teacher.

 is used for large groups.

disadvantages

 You can keep information visible during the entire session.

 Requires equipment.

 Requires appropriate facilities requires specific skills for their production.

FLIPCHARTS

Advantage

 Allows easy transport and handling of series of plans drawings .

 Increase the impact of an exhibition

 It is useful for small audiences.

Disadvantages

 It is useful for large audiences.

PRINTED MATERIAL
Advantage

 may be sheets, pamphlets, manuals, guides the participant's books, self-

instructional modules that can address any subject.

 text is the most widely used teaching materials and preference for teaching.

 Easy to carry and do not depend on sophisticated technology.

Disadvantages

 It is difficult to continually update and make necessary new editions.

ROYAL RESOURCES OR MODELS

Advantage

 A teaching resource is humans.

 In the field of health sciences is used according to a code of ethics. Learni ng is

effective.

 It takes into account various body parts and their functions, secretions, etc.

Disadvantages

 You have to meet certain standards.

MANNEQUINS, MODELS, SIMULATORS

Advantage

 are static representations with functionality to simulate as closely as possible the

object and real situation of learning.

 allows the demonstration of a procedure.

 Develop skills and abilities in students and enhances learning.

Disadvantages

 resources is required to have available materials.

 maintenance of these materials is required.

VIDEO

Advantage

 Enables recording and analysis of the ability to relate interpersonally. It allows

task analysis, production processes.

 It is motivating, realistic.

 Excellent for analyzing movements, stopping at the desired images.

Disadvantages

 The participant can assume a passive role.

 The information is contained in a sequential manner, this hinders access to

particular issues.

 It is difficult to update and shipping.

MOVIES

Advantage

 they are useful to describe movements, show the relationship or give impact
to a topic.
 they are useful with different groups and for individual study.

 They are a finished material, and ensure consistent presentation.

Disadvantages

 Their preparation is costly for the time, equipment and materials required.

 require careful planning and specific skills.

COMPUTER

Advantage

 High level of interaction between the media and participants . 

 You can access the items in the order you choose.

 The program has the potential to be adapted to the learning style and needs. It is
easy to update the text and graphics.

Disadvantages

 specific equipment required to operate the program.

 It is not good to convey attitudes and behaviors.