Renewable Energy

ENGR. ROLANDO J. FARA-ON

Senior Science Research Specialist
Department of Energy
Mindanao Field Office
Davao City
Presentation Outline

 RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES & TECHNOLOGIES

 The BiGSHOW

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY – Mindanao Field Office

RE Resources and Technologies
What is Renewable Energy?
 Renewable energy is sustainable as it is obtained from sources
that are inexhaustible (unlike fossil fuels)
 It is clean energy and non-polluting
 Many forms do not emit any greenhouse gases or toxic waste in
the process of producing electricity
 It is a sustainable energy source which can be relied on for the long-
term. Renewable energy is cost-effective and efficient.
 Renewable energy sources include Biomass, Geothermal, Solar,
Hydro, Ocean and Wind (BiGSHOW), all of which occur naturally
on our planet.
RE Resources and Technologies
The BiGSHOW

Wind
Biomass Geothermal Ocean
4,449.54
Solar Hydropower
1,200 MW 10,500 MW
MW 5kWh/m2/da 76,600
170,000
y MW
MW

USAID and Climate Change and Clean Energy Project Study

DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY – Mindanao Field Office

BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEM
Major Sources of Biomass in the Philippines
• Biomass Energy System refers to energy produced through
either thermochemical or biochemical processes of organic materials
primarily plant matters. Biomass Resources

Coconut residues
Wood and Woodwastes Municipal solid wastes
(shells, husks and fronds)

Sugarcane residues Rice residues (husks, straws, Animal wastes, etc.

(bagasse and cane trash) napier grass)
How Biomass energy system works
BIOMASS RESIDUES ELECTRICITY

GENERATOR
STEAM OULET
STEAM ENTRY

BOILER

BURNER
2. Biomass Carbonization and Densification
3. Gasification
This is the process biomass fuel goes through to obtain fuel gas which
can either be burned in a boiler or used for generating mechanical
power using a diesel engine.

Philrice gasification stove

Rice Hull-Fire Power Plant
Biomass Plant under Construction
Control Panel Room
SWITCHYARD
Biogas Stove / Burner
 BIOMASS
Biogas Stove / Burner
 BIOGAS
 Biogas - a gaseous fuel formed when methane-producing bacteria act on
organic matter in the absence of oxygen
 Generated from animal manure, human feces, dead plants or animals, and
other materials into which plants and animals have been transformed

Chinese-type or dome type biogas digester Floating-type biogas digester

4. Biogas
Biogas –is a kind of gas that is
produced during the anaerobic
processing of organic matter such as
manure, plant matter, or even
municipal waste materials.
Existing Bio-energy Conversion Technologies
Uses - Cooking - Brooding and mantle lamp -
Commercial oven - Generator - Waster pump -
Rice cooker

Scalable polyethylene drum digester (Bureau of Animal Industry)

Biogas Power Plant Facility
Biogas Stove / Burner
BIOGAS
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY SYSTEM
 WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?

In the context of the Renewable Energy Act of 2008, aka RA 9513

Geothermal Energy as a mineral resource is considered renewable, if
produced through:

1. Natural recharge, where water is replenished by

rainfall and the heat is continuously produced inside
the earth
2. Enhanced recharge, where hot water used in the
geothermal process is re-injected into the ground to
produce more steam as well as to provide additional
recharge to the convection system.
WHAT IS GEOTHERMAL ENERGY?

The heat source is the magma which in some places

comes close to earth’s surface. The heat in a
geothermal system can be harnessed in the form of
steam or hot water

Four elements compose a geothermal system

Heat source, is the magma that comes close to the surface

of the earth in volcanic areas.
Permeable reservoir rock which can hold or store the water.
Solid Cap Rock which maintains pressure and does not
allow the heat or water or steam to escape.
Geothermal Fluid (Water) which serves as a medium for
carrying the heat.
Geothermal Energy…the kettle concept

A geothermal system can be

likened to a covered pat filled with
water. When heated, the water will
boil and produce steam, just like in
a geothermal system.
What are the different manifestation of a geothermal system?

Altered ground Hydrothermally

altered soils have been
changed by geothermal steam
and are highly infertile, being
strongly acidic, with low
amounts of organic matter and
phosphorus, and sometimes
high concentrations of metals
and trace elements
 What are the different manifestation of a geothermal system?

Hot Springs a
spring of naturally hot
water, typically heated by
subterranean volcanic activity.
 What are the different manifestation of a geothermal system?

Mudpools is a sort of
acidic hot spring, or
fumarole, with limited
water. It usually takes the
form of a pool of
bubbling mud.
How is geothermal resources being studied, developed and
utilized as an energy source?

LandSat Imageries Interpretation Geological investigations

GEOLOGY - to study the rock

types, structures, volcanic history
and geohydrology of the area
How is geothermal resources being studied, developed and
utilized as energy source?

GEOCHEMISTRY - to estimate from the

water and gas samples the temperature
and chemistry of the underground
reservoir fluids
 How is geothermal resources being studied, developed and
utilized as energy source?

GEOPHYSICS - to identify the flow of

the fluids at the subsurface and estimate
the shape and size of the reservoir

Geophysical methods include:

 Seismic
 Gravitational
 Magnetic
 Electrical
 Electromagnetic
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT FACILITIES

Production Steam Pipeline

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Production Steam Pipeline

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Wellhead Silencer

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Wellhead production Well

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Wellhead production Well

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Cooling Tower

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Inside the Power Plant

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Battery Room

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
Control Room

If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
 If geothermal
resource is suspected
at depth, exploratory
drilling follows to
confirm with
confidence the size
and available power
at depth.
FULL STEAM AHEAD!
CONVERSION OF GEOTHERMAL STEAM INTO ELECTRICITY
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
 What is Solar Energy?
• SOLAR ENERGY refers to energy that directly converts solar radiation into useful
energy in the form of thermal or electrical energy.

Solar energy is the energy
that comes from the sun
that supports life on
earth as we know it.
Solar energy can be used It is renewable energy because
as a source of heat and the technology used to convert
light and can be used to does not produce smoke (CO2
generate electricity. and other air pollutants and does
not destroy the environment.
 What is Photovoltaic?
• Photovoltaic is the direct conversion of sunlight into
electricity.

• Photovoltaic comes from combining two words - the

Greek word “PHOTO” which means light and “VOLTAIC”
which means voltage.
Types of solar Energy systems
Solar Water Heaters - These are devices which utilize the
sun’s radiation to heat up water above a standard room
temperature for bathing and other purposes.
 Grid Connected Power Plant

Photovoltaic or concentrated
solar power plants that cover
big tracts of land/hectares to
produce electricity on a large
scale, which can be fed
into power grids
 Concentrated Solar Power Plants
Concentrated solar power (CSP)
plants use mirrors to concentrate the
sun's energy to drive traditional steam
turbines or engines that create
electricity. The thermal energy
concentrated in a CSP plant can be
stored and used to produce electricity
when it is needed, day or night

Concentrated Solar Power plants use mirrors

to concentrate the sunlight and heat a transfer fluid to a
high temperature. This fluid, which can be air, water, oil,
molten salt or organic liquids such as butane or propane,
heats a network of water, which produces steam and
drives a turbine, thereby generating electricity .
 PV Pumping System
• PVP System is most useful in
providing water for irrigation
or potable water to remote
communities without access
to the regular electric grid. It
is capable of pumping water
to a height of as much as 100
meters.
 Solar Street Lights
• The Solar Streetlight, is a stand-
alone, independent lighting unit.
It functions automatically,
switching on when it gets dark,
and switching off when there is
daylight.
 Solar Home System

• Solar Home System is a stand-alone,

independent system that normally
provides power for home lighting and
small DC-powered home appliances.
 PV Battery Charging Station
• The Battery Charging
Station (BCS) is an
alternative to SHS. The
BCS is normally installed in
a clustered community in
rural areas where
batteries are recharge. It
can accommodate about
10 households per BCS.
HYDROPOWER SYSTEM
WHAT IS HYDROPOWER?
• HYDROPOWER refers to the energy of
falling or running water which can be
converted into rotary motion and in turn
produces mechanical or electrical energy
 Electric Grid

Potential Energy
(water mass located at higher
elevation)

Electrical Power Kinetic Energy

(turbine runner turns a (water flows from higher to lower
coupled electric generator) elevation due to gravity)

Mechanical Energy
(flowing mass of water turns
a turbine runner)
Inside the Hydropower Plant
Components of Hydropower Plant
TYPE OF TURBINE
Pelton Turbine
Kaplan Turbine
OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEM
 WHAT IS OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEM?
• OCEAN ENERGY refers to a range of technologies that utilize
the oceans to generate electricity.
 includes all forms of energy that can be utilized from large
bodies of open water such as oceans and seas.
 Include:
• ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC)
• wave energy
• tidal energy
 Tapping Ocean
Energy
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
(OTEC) is a process that can
produce electricity by using the
temperature difference between
deep cold ocean water and warm
tropical surface waters. OTEC
plants pump large quantities of
deep cold seawater and surface
seawater to run a power cycle and
produce electricity. OTEC is firm
power (24/7), a clean energy
source, environmentally
sustainable and capable of
providing massive levels of energy.
 TYPES OF OCEAN ENERGY SYSTEMS
3. Tidal/Current - This system
captures the energy of ocean
currents below the wave surface and
convert them into electricity.
WIND ENERGY SYSTEM
WHAT IS WIND ENERGY?
• Wind energy converts kinetic energy that is
present in the wind into more useful forms of
energy such as mechanical energy or electricity.

• Wind energy is a pollution-free, infinitely

sustainable form of energy. It doesn’t use fuel; it
doesn’t produce greenhouse gasses, and it
doesn’t produce toxic or radioactive waste.
Inside of Wind Turbine
Wind Power Generation
 Wind Turbine Generator Capacity: 33 MW
(20 WTG @ 1.65 MW)
Height of hub : 70 m

Philippines is now
the leading wind
energy producer in
Southeast Asia with
391 MW installed
capacity
Northwind Wind Power Project in Bangui Bay, Ilocos Norte
 PHILIPPINES: A Significant RE Producer
• World’s 2nd largest producer of geothermal energy at 2,000 MW
(1st in power generation)
• Largest wind power producer in Southeast Asia at 33 MW
• Installed hydropower generation capacity of over 3,300 MW
• Host to the following:
• First solar wafer fabrication plant in Southeast Asia –Sunpower
• First continuous biodiesel plant in SEA
• First sugarcane-based ethanol and cogeneration project in SEA
 THANK YOU!
For more information, please visit our web site at :
www.doe.gov.ph