Design

Design
Local
Local Application
Application
Local Application

Local
Local Application
Application
•• Rate
Rate xx Area
Area
•• Rate
Rate xx Volume
Volume
 Local Application
Extend of Hazard
 The hazard shall be so isolated from other
hazards or combustibles that fire will not
spread outside the protected area.
 The hazard shall include all areas that are,
or can become, coated by combustible
liquids or shallow solid coatings, such as
areas subject to spillage, leakage, dripping,
splashing, or condensation.
 Local Application
Extend of Hazard
 The hazard also includes all associated
materials or equipment, such as freshly
coated stock, drain boards, hoods, ducts,
and so forth, that could extend fire outside
or lead fire into the protected area.
 Local Application
Location of Hazard
 The hazard can be indoors, partly sheltered,
or completely out of doors.
 It is essential that the carbon dioxide
discharge shall be such that winds or strong
air currents do not impair the protection.
 Local Application
Carbon Dioxide Requirements.
 The quantity shall be based on the total rate
of discharge needed to blanket the area or
volume protected, and the time that the
discharge must be maintained to assure
complete extinguishment.
 Local Application
Carbon Dioxide Requirements.
 For systems with high-pressure storage, the
computed quantity of carbon dioxide
shall be increased by 40 percent to
determine nominal cylinder storage capacity
because only the liquid portion of the
discharge is effective.
 Local Application
Duration of Discharge.
 Minimum discharge time = 30 seconds
(applicable to normal fuels like quench oil.)
 Product with auto-ignition point below its
boiling point (ie. cooking oils) effective
discharge time is increased to 3 minute
(increase to permit cooling).
 Local Application
Rate of Discharge.
 Nozzle discharge rates shall be determined
by either the surface method or the volume
method.

Rate-by-Area
Rate-by-Area Method
Method
 used
 usedwhere
wherehazard
hazardconsists
consistsof
offlat
flatsurfaces
surfaces
or
or low
lowlevel
levelobjects
objectsassociated
associatedwith
withhorizontal
horizontal
surfaces.
surfaces.
 Local Application
Rate of Discharge.
 Nozzle discharge rates shall be determined
by either the surface method or the volume
method.

Rate-by-Volume
Rate-by-Volume Method
Method
 used
 used where
wherehazard
hazardconsists
consistsofofthree
three
dimensional
dimensionalirregular
irregular objects
objectsthat
thatcannot
cannot be
be
easily
easilyreduce
reduceto
toequivalent
equivalentsurface
surfaceareas.
areas.
 Local Application Rate-by-Area
Example: Dip Tank and Drain Board
Local Application Rate-by-Volume

Three dimensional irregular objects

that cannot be easily reduce to
equivalent surface areas.
 Local Application Rate-by-Area
Determine:
* Nozzle Height
* Nozzle Type
* Number of Nozzles
* Flow rate
 Local Application Rate-by-Area
Determine Agent Quantity
 Agent quantity is calculated as:

Amount Number Flow Rate Discharge

of CO2 = of X per X 1.4 X Time
Required Nozzles Nozzle Required
Local Application Rate-by-Volume
Assumed Enclosure
Assumed walls
minimum = 2 ft.
(~60 cm) from
hazard
Local Application Rate-by-Volume
% of Closed Perimeter

2 FT.

2 FT.
2 FT. Hazard

Floor
Local Application Rate-by-Volume
System Discharge Rate
Flow rate reduction acc. to NFPA 12:
 Local Application Rate-by-Volume

Total quantity of CO2 [lbs] required:

= assumed Volume [ft³] x 1 [lbs/min ft³]
x 1.4 x discharge time [min]
Liquid factor

Based on existing walls