Contents

Page No.
1. SALIENT FEATURE OF THE BUILDING.......................................................1
2. Introduction.....................................................................................................2
3. Design Considerations..................................................................................3
A) Methodology....................................................................................................................................3
B) Design Codes and Standards............................................................................................................3
C) Design Loads and Forces..................................................................................................................3
a) Dead Loads...................................................................................................................................3
b) Live loads......................................................................................................................................3
c) Seismic Load.................................................................................................................................4
D) Load Cases and Load Combinations.................................................................................................5
4. Structural Analysis and Design....................................................................6
A) Analysis............................................................................................................................................6
a) Analysis Input Details:...................................................................................................................7
b) Analysis Output Details:..............................................................................................................12
B) Design............................................................................................................................................14
a) Design of structural components...............................................................................................14
5. Summary.......................................................................................................25
6. Conclusion....................................................................................................26
7. ANNEXES......................................................................................................27
A) COLUMN REBAR DETAILS...............................................................................................................27
B) BEAM REBAR DETAILS....................................................................................................................29
C) AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM..................................................................................................................31
D) DEFORMED SHAPE.........................................................................................................................32
E) BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM (M 3-3)..........................................................................................33
 1. SALIENT FEATURE OF THE BUILDING
A) General Features:
Project: Residential Building
Location: Sipadol, Suryabinayak Municipality-8
Plinth Area: 1162.29 Sq. ft.

B) Architectural Features:
Type of Building: Residential
Number of Storey: 2-1/2 Storey
Height of 1st storey: 11’1”
Height of upper storeys: 9’4”
Height of top storey: 9’4”
Total height of the building: 29’-9” (9.0678 m)
Wall and partitions: 9” th.and 4” th.

C) Structural Features:
Structural system: RC Framed Structure
Foundation type: Isolated Footings and Combined Footings
Columns: Square columns 12” x 12”
Beams: Plinth Tie Beams
Main Beams 14” x 9”
Slab: 5” th. RC floor slab
5” th. RC stair waist slab

D) Geotechnical Features:
Soil Type: II (As per IS 13290: 2002)
Seismic Zone: V (As per IS 1893: 2002)
Allowable Bearing Capacity: 150 KN/m2 (Assumed)

E) Materials:
Concrete: M20 for Beam and Slab
M20 for Column
Steel: Fe 500 for longitudinal bars
Fe 415 for confinement bars

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 2. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to summarize design assumption, methodology and follow up of
codes and standards, the design criteria and practices that have been used in structural analysis
and design calculation of the proposed Residential building in Suryabinayak Municipality-8.
These criterias form the basis of the design for various structural components of the building.
Detailed structural designs and working drawings are prepared considering safety, serviceability
and economy as prime concern of the structural design. The design also imply earthquake
resistivity governed as per IS code and Nepal NBC.
The design methodology used is ‘Limit State Method’ and can be emphasized as ‘Earthquake
Resistant RC Framed Structure Design’. For the proper performance of the building as per
design, precautions shall be taken from initial construction phase to quality control during
construction and during services that in no case it would violate any design assumption.
Moreover, the building is modeled and designed as a Residential Building without considering
the stiffness of the infill walls.

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 3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A) METHODOLOGY
The structure has been designed by Limit State Method based on “Plain and Reinforced
Concrete, Code of Practice, India and Nepal National Building Code, Nepal”. The acceptable
theories and experiences are taken into account to assure the design for safety and durability.
However, the calculations alone do not produce safe, serviceable and durable structures but
quality of materials, proper detailing and good supervision are equally important.

B) DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS

The structural calculation of this building shall be in accordance with all applicable laws and
regulations of the Government of Nepal, and its referral to any other standards. A summary of the
codes and standards used in structural analysis and design is listed below.
1. IS:875-1987 (Part 1), Code of practice for design loads in Building and structure-Dead
loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
2. IS:875-1987 (Part 2), Code of practice for design loads in building and structure-Dead
loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
3. IS:1893- (Part I)-2002, Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design structure Bureau of
Indian standards, New delhi,1986
4. Design of reinforced concrete structure-IS 456-2000
5. Ductility design for earthquake resistant structure IS13920
6. Design of earthquake resisting building, reinforced concrete masonry, Nepal NBC105
7. Mandatory rules of thumb, RC buildings without masonry infill, Nepal NBC 205

C) DESIGN LOADS AND FORCES

Design loads for all structures have been in accordance to the criteria described below. The
structure has been designed considering following dead loads:
a) Dead Loads

1. 9” th.wall+ 0.5” th. plaster on both sides without opening = 11.0KN/m

2. 9” th.wall+ 0.5” th. plaster on both sides with 30% opening = 7.5 KN/m
3. 4” th.wall+ 0.5” th. plaster on both sides without opening = 5.5 KN/m2
4. 4” th.wall+ 0.5” th. plaster on both sides with30% opening = 4.0 KN/m2
5. 4” th. and 3’ high parapet wall = 2.0 KN/m
6. Light Partition load = 0.75 KN/m2
7. Floor finishes = 1.1 KN/m2
(1” th.Screeding+3/4” th. Marble finish+0.5” th.plaster)
(Note: Dead load of slabs, beams and columns are calculated by the program itself.)

Unit weight of materials:

1. Reinforced concrete (RCC) = 25 KN/m3
2. Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) = 24 KN/m3
3. Steel = 78.5KN/m3
4. Brick Masonry = 19 KN/m3
5. Sand filling = 18 KN/m3
6. Unit weight of soil = 16 KN/m
b) Live loads

1. Room = 2 KN/m2
2. Toilet = 2 KN/m2
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 3. Balcony = 3 KN/m2
4. Staircase = 3 KN/m2
c) Seismic Load

The site location is on high seismic risk as per seismic hazard map of Nepal.
Equivalently it is on Zone-V (IS seismic hazard map). For this zone the expected
peak ground acceleration is 0.36g, in 100 yr peak ground acceleration return period
(Basu and Nigam, 1978). Depending upon this data, seismic load calculation has
been made and distribution done for this structure by LINEAR STATIC OR
SEISMIC COFFICIENT METHOD.

i. Calculation of design Spectra and Lateral Force Coefficients

(As per IS 1893 (Part I):2002, Clause 6.4)

The design horizontal seismic coefficient Ah for a structure is determined by the
following expression (IS 1893 (Part I):2002):
Z I Sa
Ah =
2Rg
Where,
Z =Zone factor
I = Importance factor, depending upon the functional use of structure
R = Response reduction factor, depending on the perceived seismic
damage
performance of the structure, characterized by ductile or brittle
deformations.
Sa
= Average response acceleration coefficient
g
Here, For the given project,
Height of the building (h) = 9.0678 m (29’-9”)
Time Period (T) = 0.075 x h0.75 = 0.39191s
Zone Factor (Z) = 0.36 (for zone 5)
Importance factor (I) = 1.0
Response Reduction Factor (R) = 5.0

ii. Vertical Distribution of Base Shear to Different Floor Level

The design base shear (VB ) shall be distributed along the height of the building as per
the following expression:
W i h2i
Qi = V B n
∑ W j h 2j
j=1
Where, Q i = Design Lateral force at floor i
Wi= Seismic weight of floor i, (DL+0.25 LL, if LL<3 KN/m2)
(DL+0.5 LL, if LL>3 KN/m2)
Hi = Height of floor i measured from base, and
N = Number of storey in the building is the number of levels at which the
masses
are located.

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 The seismic weight of building, calculation and distribution of base shear are allowed
to calculate by software itself and the time period is given manually calculated as per
IS 1893: Cl 7.6.1. i.e.
Ta = 0.075 h0.75 Where, h = Height of the building, in m.

D) LOAD CASES AND LOAD COMBINATIONS

In the analysis, following load cases have been considered.
1. Dead Load (DL)
2. Live Load (LL)
3. Earthquake Load in + ve X-Direction (EQX)
4. Earthquake Load in + ve Y-Direction (EQY)
In the limit state design of reinforced concrete structure, the following load combinations are
accounted as perIS 1893 (Part I): 2002.
1. 1.5(DL + LL)
2. 1.2(DL + LL ± EL)
3. 1.5(DL ± EL)
4. 0.9DL ± 1.5EL
5. DL+1.3LL± 1.25EQx (NBC 105)
6. 0.9DL± 1.25EQx (NBC105)
7. DL+1.3LL± 1.25EQy (NBC 105)
8. 0.9DL± 1.25EQY (NBC105)

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 4. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
A) ANALYSIS
A three dimensional linear analysis has been carried out using the standard software ETABS
V16.2.1. The structure is assumed to be fixed at the plinth level. The brick wall is considered as
the filler wall only. The beams are modeled as rectangular beams. The flange effect of the beams
has been neglected. Center to center dimension of the structure has been considered. The floor
diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.The method of analysis used in the given project is Seismic
Coefficient method.

Fig.: 3D Model of the Building

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 a) Analysis Input Details:

Fig : Typical Floor Plan

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 Fig : ELEVATIONAL VIEW

Fig : 3D VIEW

Fig : Dead Load (Floor Finish)

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 Fig : Dead Load (9” Wall load)

Fig : Live Load

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 Fig :Dead Load (4” Th. Wall load)

Fig : Roof Live Load

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 Fig : Stair Dead Load

Fig : Stair Live Load

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 b) Analysis Output Details:

i. Support Reaction: (DL+LL)

ii. Base Shear:

The baseshear (Vb) as calculated by ETABS V15.0.0 is given in the table below:

Table: Calculation of base shear

Base
Time Period Lumped Mass
Load Direction Shear
(T), sec (W), KN
Pattern (Vb), KN
EQX X 0.392 2823.1051 254.0795
EQY Y 0.392 2823.1051 254.0795

iii. Storey Drift:

As per Clause no. 7.11.1 of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, the storey drift in any storey due to
specified design lateral force with partial load factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the
storey height. Storey drift on the buildings for earthquake in x and y-directions are
tabulated below in tables below:
Table: Storey drift (EQX)
Storey Drift (mm) Storey Drift (%)
Store Storey
1 2 3 1 2 3
y height (m)
Max Max Max Max Max Max
               
1 3.378 4.530 0.103 0.001 0.134 0.003 0.000
2 2.845 7.993 0.185 0.004 0.122 0.003 0.000
3 2.845 10.262 0.203 0.009 0.080 0.001 0.000

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 Table: Storey drift (EQY)
Storey Drift (mm) Storey Drift (%)
Store Storey
1 2 3 1 2 3
y height (m)
Max Max Max Max Max Max
               
1 3.378 -0.052 4.493 0.071 0.002 0.133 0.002
2 2.845 -0.101 7.829 0.099 0.002 0.117 0.001
3 2.845 -0.075 9.984 0.104 0.001 0.076 0.000

iv. Modal Load Participation Ratios:

The modal load participation ratios are greater than 90% for both UX and UY as shown in
the table below. Hence, O.K.
Table: Modal Load Participation Ratios
Dynamic
Output Case Item Type Item Static (%)
(%)
MODAL Acceleration UX 100 100
MODAL Acceleration UY 100 100

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 E) DESIGN
The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method. For the design
of the members IS 456:2000 and design aid SP 16 has been used extensively.
Footings have been designed for vertical loads developed at the base due to unfactored dead load
and live load only and it is assumed that the moments at base are solely resisted by tie beams at
plinth level and foundation level (double tie beams). Isolated and Combined footings have been
adopted for ground load transfer. Longitudinal reinforcement in columns has been calculated
based on critical load combination among the load combinations adopted. A symmetric
arrangement of the reinforcement has been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal of
stresses may occur. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also based on critical load
combination. It is calculated from the envelope of bending moment diagram. Spacing of the shear
reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility principle. IS 13920 -1993 have been used
for this purpose.
a) Design of structural components

The design of footings, beams, columns and slabs have been made as per IS 456: 2000 using
ETABSV15. as per limit state method of design.
i. Design of Beams:

The table given below shows the provided rebar area for beam as per the design output from
ETABS V15.0.0. The rebar area provided is slightly altered than that provided by ETABS as
per necessity and sound judgment.
Table: Beam Reinforcement Detail
FLOOR
LEVEL Along All Grids

END-I MID END-J

(Plinth
Level) TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM
3-T12 3-T12 3-T12 3-T12 3-T12 3-T12
             
st
1 /2 nd END-I MID END-J
Floor TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM
  2-T16+1-T12 2-T16+1-T12 2-T16 2-T16+1-T12 2-T16+1-T12 2-T16+1-T12

END-I MID   END-J

Roof TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM TOP BOTTOM
3-T12 3-T12 3-T12 3-T12 3-T12 3-T12

The calculation of design of beam as designed by ETABS V15.0.0 is as shown below:

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

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 Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 B14 30 BEAM 14"X9" DCon10 152.4 3911.6 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
228.6 355.6 228.6 0 25.4 25.4

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 415

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-51.997 3.8695 61.8728 0.3705

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-51.997 5.8169 0 -57.8139

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -57.8139 447 0 447 174
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 224 0 0 224

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
76.5153 38.4919 65.1066 33.2076 546.38

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, Tu & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
3.8695 61.8728 197.8 324.8 423.5

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 ii. Design of Columns

The table given below shows the provided area for columns as per the design output from
ETABS V15.0.0.
Table: Column Reinforcement Details
COLUMN
REBAR PROVIDED (sq.mm)
TOTAL Ast
COLUMNS CORNER MID PROVIDED
(sq.mm)
DIA. NO DIA. NO
(mm) . (mm) .
STOREY          
COLUM 1ST 16 4 16 4 1608.00
N
2ND 16 4 16 4 1608.00
C1
3RD 16 4 COLUMN
12 4 1256.00
REBAR PROVIDED (sq.mm)
TOTAL Ast
COLUMNS CORNER MID PROVIDED
(sq.mm)
DIA. NO DIA. NO
(mm) . (mm) .
STOREY          
COLUM 1ST 16 4 12 4 1256.00
N
2ND 16 4 12 4 1256.00
C1
3RD 12 4 12 4 904.00
The
calculation of design of column as designed by ETABS v15.0.0. is as shown below:

ETABS 2016 Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

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 Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story1 C9 9 COL 12"X12" DCon14 0 3378.2 0.784

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 54.1 28.1

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 415

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
112.8906 -60.4482 -4.0055 2.2578 2.2578 1390 1.5

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.741447 3022.6 1.8527 0 2.2578
Minor Bend(M2) 0.66332 3022.6 -24.1793 0 2.2578

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 20.9886 54.0511 30.5649 20.9886 337.85
Minor, Vu3 36.1808 54.0511 30.5649 36.1808 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.1) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 13.9 1357.4192 318.9285 112.8906 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.895 304.8 7.353 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.895 304.8 6.578 12 No 0

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 iii. Design of slab

The design of slab is done manually for the given dead loads and live loads. The sample design
of slab is as follows:

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Design Data
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
n
Dimensions of the slab (c/c distance bet supports),
Length of short span, lx = 3.912 m
Length of long span, ly = 3.939 m
Width of the supporting beam, = 230 mm
Clear cover to main reinforcement = 15 mm
Assume dia. of reinforcement steel = 8 mm

Calculations
Assume the thickness of slab as 125 mm ;
Effective depth, deff = 106 mm
Effective span, = 3.788
lx = 3.91158536585366 m (or) 3.788 m whichever is less; m
ly = 3.9390243902439 m (or) 3.815 m whichever= is3.815
less; m
(ly / lx ) = 1.01 < 2 ; Here, (ly / lx ) is less than 2
Hence , the slab is designed as two way slab.

Load Calculations
2
Dead Load of slab = 0.125 x 25 = 3.13 KN/m
2
Finishing & Partition wall load on slab = 2.40 KN/m
2
Total Dead load acting on the slab = 5.53 KN/m
2
Live Load on slab = 2.0 KN/m
2
Factored Design Load, W = 11.30 KN/m

Support Condition (Type of panel according to support condition)

Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous For this support condition,
Short span coefficient for (ly / lx ) = 1.01, Long span coefficient,
For negative moment, αx = 0.0476 For negative moment, αy = 0.047
For positive moment, αx = 0.0355 For positive moment, αy = 0.035

Moment Calculation
Max. BM per unit width, Mx = αx w l x 2 & My = αy w l x 2

Mu Mu / bd2 Ast, req

Pt %
KNm N/mm2 mm2
For Short Span,
At mid span, 5.76 0.51 0.12 128
At supports, 7.72 0.69 0.17 176
For Long span,
At mid span, 5.68 0.59 0.14 149
At supports, 7.62 0.79 0.19 202

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 Ast , min = (0.12/100) bD = 150 mm2
Reinforcement details
Provide 8 @ 150 mm c/c at midspan & supports for short span
(Ast pro. = 335 mm2 )
Provide 8 @ 150 mm c/c at midspan & supports for long span
(Ast pro. = 335 mm2 )

Check for Deflection

Percentage of tension reinforcement = 0.27 %
fs = 0.58 fy (Ast req / Ast pro) = 111
Refer Fig. 4 of IS 456,
Modification factor = 2
( l/ d) max = ( l/ d) basic x kt x kc = 52
( l/ d)provided = 36
< ( l/ d) max (i.e. = 52) OK
Hence safe in deflection.

Check for shear

Shear force per m strip (W x lx/2), V = 21.4 KN/m
2
Shear stress , (V/bd), τv = 0.170 N/mm
P t = 0.27%
Design Shear Strength of Concrete
2
τc = 0.370 N/mm Refer Table 19, IS 456
> τv (i.e. = 0.17) OK

iii. Design of staircase

In the project, the staircase has been modeled in structural model in ETABS 2015 for
making it more realistic and the loads on the staircase are directly applied on it. Moreover,
the design of the staircase is done manually, the detail calculation of which is given below:

1 Material Properties
fy = 500.00 N/mm2
fck = 20.00 N/mm2
Cover = 15.00 mm
Diameter of main bars = 12.00 mm2
Diameter of distribution bars = 10.00 mm2

Tread = 0.25 m
Rise = 0.17 m
Thickness of waist slab = 0.13 m
width of slab = 1.00 m
width of landing = 1.00 m
thickness of landing slab = 0.13 m
span of landing A = 1.50 m
span of flight = 1.27 m
span of landing B = 1.14 m
Total Span = 3.91 m

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 2 LOAD CALCULATION

2.1 LOAD ON WAIST SLAB

Area of slab = 0.04 m2
Area of step = 0.02 m2
Total area = 0.06 m2
DLper m = 1.49 KN/m
DL = 5.96 KN/m2
FF = 1.10 KN/m2
LL = 3.00 KN/m2
Total load per m square = 10.06 KN/m2
Factored load = 15.10 KN/m2
Load per meter = 15.10 KN/m

2.2 LOAD ON LANDING

Self weight of slab = 3.18 KN/m2

FF = 1.10 KN/m2
LL = 3.00 KN/m2
Load per meter square = 7.28 KN/m2
Factored load = 10.91 KN/m2
Load per meter = 10.91 KN/m

CALCULATION OF
3
MOMENTS

Reaction at B = 24.26
Total load = 48.04
Reaction at A = 23.78

Assuming it lies at the flight = 1.99 m

Assuming it lies at the landing = 2.18 m
Point of zero shear force = 1.99 m
Max moment at the span = 25.21 KNm
Design moment = 25.21 KNm

4 DEPTH
Effective depth required from 0.10 m
moment consideration =
Overall depth provided = 0.13 m
Effective depth = 0.11 m

5 CALCULATION OF MAIN STEEL

Ast = 644.67 mm2
Diameter of steel = 12.00 mm
Area of each steel = 113.10
Spacing required = 175.44 mm
Spacing provided = 150.00 mm
Actual steel = 753.98 mm2

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 6 CALCULATION OF DISTRIBUTION STEEL
Ast = 152.40 mm2
Diameter of steel = 10.00 mm
Area of each steel = 78.54
Spacing required = 515.35 mm
Spacing provided = 150.00 mm
Actual steel = 523.60 mm2

7 CHECK FOR SHEAR

Vu = 24.26
τV = 0.23
Pt = 0.71
τC = 0.56
Check: Safe in shear

CHECK FOR DEVELOPMENT

8
LENGTH

Ld = 48.55
M1(at A) = 25.21 KNm
V(at A) = 23.78 KN
Lo(ancorage required (A)) = 106.00 mm
Ld = 1166.11 mm
Ø< 24.02 mm
Result: Safe

9 DEFLECTION CHECK
Length (L) (m) = 3.91
Breadth (b) (mm) = 1000.00
Depth (D) (mm) = 127.00
d (mm) = 106.00
fck (N/mm2) = 25.00
2
fy (N/mm ) = 415.00
Moment (KNm) = 25.21
Mu/bd2 = 2.24
2=
Ast(reqd) mm 644.67
2=
Ast(prov) mm 753.98
a= 23.00
b= 2.00
g= 1.00
d= 1.00
l= 1.00
L/d permissible, (abgdl) = 46.00
L/d provided = 36.93
Check: O.K.

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 iv. Design of footing

Safe Bearing Capacity of soil = 150KN/m2

Unit weight of soil = 16 KN/m3
Here, the axial force on the base columns as obtained from the analysis are as follows:

Design of Strap Footing (B(3-4))

1. Determination of size of Footing
Load from eccentric column(A): 249.63 KN
Load from non-eccentric column(B): 271.51 KN
Size of column(A): 0.3 m
Size of column(B): 0.3 m
C/C Spacing Between Columns(s): 3.35 m
Allowable soil bearing capacity: 150 N/mm2
Grade of Concrete, (fck): 20
Grade of Steel,(fy): 500
i) Total load transferred by the Columns, W= 521.14
ii) Self Wt. of the footing and earth over it
Assume @ 10% of W= 52.114
Hence Total Wt., W= 573.254

Required area of footing (L1xB1+L2xB2) 3.82 m2

Location of C.G from A, n= 1.75 m

Lets choose L1 such that the C.G. of the footing lies at the mid of the footing length
m= 0.15
L1*B1*(m+n-0.5*L1)=L2*B2*(s-n)
L1*B1*(0.15+1.75-0.5*L1)=L2*B2*(3.35-1.75)
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 1.9L1*B1-0.5*L1^2*B1=1.6L2*B2

  Footing A(L1,B1) Footing B(L2,B2)

Reaction 305.2 KN 215.94 KN
2.03466666
Required Area 7 m2 1.4396 m2
Length(L) 1.52 m 1.68 m
Width(B) 1.52 m 1.68 m
ok ok
Net Upward Pressure(P): 111.68446

Eccentricity(e): 0.61 m
Eccentric Moment (M): 152.2743

2. Determination of moment and shear in a strap footing

Factored Colum load of A= 374.445
Factored Colum load of B= 407.265
Factored eccentric moment(Mu)= 228.41145
83.3618430
Factored Shear(Vu)= 7

  Footing A Footing B
Factored Reaction 457.81 KN 323.90 KN

301.19 KN/m 192.80 KN/m

Factored Pressure per unit length

Shear Diagram:
At
point 1: Vu=301.19*0.3-374.445 = -284.09
At
point 2: Vu=301.19*1.52-374.445 = 83.37
At
point 3: Vu=301.19*1.52-374.445 = 83.37
At
point 4: Vu=301.19*1.52-374.445+192.8*0.69 = 216.4
At
point 5: Vu=192.8*-0.69 = -99.78

Moment Diagram:
At
point 1: Mu=301.19*0.3*0.3/2-374.445*0.5*0.3 = -31.9575
At
Mu=301.19*1.52*1.52/2-374.445*1.37
point 2: = -123.788
At
Mu=301.19*1.52*(1.52/2+1.14)-374.445*(1.37+1.14)
point 3: = -52.515
At Mu=301.19*1.52*(1.52/2+1.14+0.69)-
point 4: 374.445*(1.37+1.14+0.69)+192.8*0.69*0.69/2 = 25.05
At
point 5: Mu=192.8*0.69*0.69/2 = 34.425
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 3. Design of Beam

i) Calculation of depth of beam

width of beam, b1= 355 mm

Beam Depth is designed for the max moment, considering singly reinforced balanced section.
bd2=Mu,max/(0.36fck(xu,l/d)(1-0.416xu,l/d)
Effective depth of
beam(d)= 355.06
See Above Cell to adopt the final
Adopt overall depth, D= 500 mm value
final value of d= 442

ii) Reinforcement for Hogging Bending Moment ( Top Bars)

So for Tension bar
Ast= 794.54 mm2
Dia. Bar used= 16 mm
Number of bars= 3.95 Nos.
See Above Cell to adopt the final
Adpot Number of Bars= 4 Nos. value
4-16mm
iii) Reinforcement for Sagging Bending Moment ( Bottom Bars)
Tension bar Ast
Ast= 220.96 mm2
Dia. Bar used= 16 mm
Number of bars= 1.10 Nos.
See Above Cell to adopt the final
Adopt Number of Bars= 3 Nos. value
3-16mm

iv) Shear Reinforcement Design

Footing strap width= 0.313 m
Effective Depth= 0.442 m

Check for direct shear

Factored Shear force,Vu = 83.37 KN
Reinforcement Diameter = 0.012 m
0.00011309
Area of bar used = 7 m2
No. of Leg = 2 Legged

Design Shear strength of concrete, Ʈc = 280 KN/m2

Vc= 38.73688 KN
Vus=Vu-
Tc*b*d = 44.63 KN
Sv= 808.751 mm c/c
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 Adopt, Sv= 150 mm c/c

5. SUMMARY

5.1 Column Design

Different Column Sections and required longitudinal reinforcements are tabulated below:

COLUMN
REBAR PROVIDED (sq.mm)
TOTAL Ast
COLUMNS CORNER MID PROVIDED
(sq.mm)
DIA. NO DIA. NO
(mm) . (mm) .
STOREY          
COLUM
N 1ST 16 4 16 4 1608.00
C1 2ND 16 4 16 4 1608.00
(2,3,5,9) 3RD 16 4 12 4 1256.00
COLUMN
REBAR PROVIDED (sq.mm)
TOTAL Ast
COLUMNS CORNER MID PROVIDED
(sq.mm)
DIA. NO DIA. NO
(mm) . (mm) .
COLUMN STOREY          
C2 1ST 16 4 12 4 1256.00
(1,4,6,7,8,
2ND 16 4 12 4 1256.00
10,11,12,13
5.2 , 3RD 12 4 12 4 904.00 Beam
14,15,16)
Design
Two different beam sections used in the buildings are tabulated below. The reinforcement shall
be as specified in the drawings.
S Designation Size Top Rebar Bottom Rebar
n
1 Beam 9” x 15”
-Beam 1 /2 Fl. 9” x 15” 2-16mmΦ(T)+1-12mm
st nd
2-16mm Φ(T)+1-12mm Φ(T)
Φ(E)

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 -Beam Top 9” x 15” 3-12mm Φ(T) 3-12mm Φ(T)
Fl.
2 Tie Beam 9” x 12’’ 3-12mm Φ(T) 3-12mm Φ(T)

5.3 Slab Design

The final output of the slab is presented below. The construction shall follow the details
provided in slab drawing.
Slab Thickness 125 mm
Main bars (bottom): Φ8@ 150mm c/c
Main bars (top): Φ8@ 150mm c/c (x-dir)
Φ8@ 150mm c/c (y-dir)
Dist. Bars: Φ8@ 150mm c/c

5.4 Staircase Design

The output of the design of staircase is presented below. The construction shall follow the detail
drawing of the staircase.
Staircase Thickness 125 mm
Main bars (bottom): Φ12@ 150mm c/c
Main bars (top): Φ12@ 150mm c/c
Dist. Bars: Φ10@ 150mm c/c

5.5 Footing Design

The output of the design of footing is presented below. The construction shall follow the detail
drawing of footing.
Node No. Footin Footing Rebar Thickness
g Size
1,2,3,4,13,14,15,16 F1 5’0”X5’0” Φ12@ 150mm c/c both 1’-8”
direction
5-9,6-10,7-11,8-12 CF1 5’6”X10’10 Φ12@ 150mm c/c both 1’-8”
” direction

Node. Designation Size Top Rebar Bottom

Rebar
All Strap Beam (SB) 1’-2” x 1’-8” 4-16mmΦ(T) 3-16mm
Φ(T)

6. CONCLUSION
Given residential building has been analyzed & designed as per the NBC / IS codal provision to
ensure the overall structural safety & serviceability for all the possible load combinations. Max
inter-storeydrift is found to be 0.122% (EQX) and 0.117% (EQY) which is within the limit
specified by code i.e. 0.4% of storey height.
It is strongly recommended to consult the structural engineer prior any change in structural
details; if required during construction phase.

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 7. ANNEXES
A) COLUMN REBAR DETAILS
1) GRID 1

2) GRID 2

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 3) GRID 3

4) GRID 4

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 F) BEAM REBAR DETAILS
1) 1st Floor

2) 2nd Floor

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 3) Top Floor

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 G) AXIAL FORCE DIAGRAM

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 H) DEFORMED SHAPE
1) EQX

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 2) EQY

I) BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM (M 3-3)

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 REFERENCES

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1.1 IS code 456-2000: Plain and Reinforced Concrete code of Practice
2.1 IS code 1893 (part I)-2002: Criteria for earthquake Resistant Design of Structures
3.1 IS code 875-1987: Code Of Practice For Design Loads
Part 1 Dead Loads
Part 2 Imposed Loads
Part 5 Special loads and Load combination
4.1 IS code 13920-1993: Ductile Detailing of RCC structures subjected to seismic force-
Code of practice
5.1 Nepal National Building Code (NBC 205): Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
6.0 RCC structures by A.K. Jain
7.1 RCC structures by S.N. Sinha
8.1 Limit State Design by Vargees
9.1 Structural Design of Multistoried building by U.H. Varyani
10.1 IS code SP 16 Design guidelines for RCC Structures
11.1 IS code SP 34 for detailing of RCC structures
11.2 Nepal National Building Code(NBC 105): MRT Rule

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