01 May 2021 - Nano Magazine by VeeR

Nano-Magazine
Important Days
Environment
Govt Schemes
Person in news
Science and Tech
Awards & Honors
Quiz - 2021
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Important Days

Workers' Day (International Labour Day)
➢ Celebrated: 01 May 2021
o International Labour Day is also known as
Labour Day or May Day.
➢ Aim: To pay tribute to the contribution of
workers.
o Provides the Labours with their right to work
for only 8 hours a day.
➢ In India, Labour Day is referred as
Antarrashtriya Shramik Diwas or Kamgar Din.
➢ Theme: "The World of Work and the
#COVID19 pandemic: securing workers in the
preservations of the achievements within
companies"
#Nano Magazine
Short News
• Charles Geschke, Adobe’s co-founder who aided the development of the world’s most widely used
file format, the Portable Document Format (PDF), died at the age of 81 in California.
• Charles Geschke was an American businessman and computer scientist best known for founding
the graphics and publishing software company Adobe Inc. with John Warnock in 1982.
• The company is named after the Adobe Creek, a 14.2-mile-long northward-flowing stream
originating on Black Mountain in Santa Clara County, California, United States.
• PDF, which is one of the world’s most popular file formats, is used everyday by millions across the
world to save and share documents, resumes, research papers, flight or railway tickets.
• In the 1990s, Warnock spearheaded what is called the “Camelot Project”.
• The aim was to come up with a file format that could be shared easily across different computer
systems and applications.
• The Vande Bharat Mission (VBM), which started repatriating Indians stranded abroad due to
COVID-19 and the resultant lockdowns since May 7, 2020, has turned out to be one of the largest
evacuations of civilians by a country.
• The current VBM Phase 10 has international and domestic schedules operating till October 31.
#Nano Magazine
Short News
• Union Cabinet approved the MoU between Competition Commission of India (CCI) and
Administrative Council for Economic Defense of Brazil, (CADE).
• Section 18 of the Competition Act, 2002 permits CCI to enter into any Memorandum or
arrangement with any agency of any foreign country for the purpose of discharging its duties or
performing its functions under the Act.
• Using a new platform, scientists have developed a Covid-19 vaccine that they say could offer
protection against not only existing and future strains of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, but also
other coronaviruses.
• The new vaccine-production platform was invented by Dr Steven L Zeichner of the University of
Virginia Health System (UVA).
• The vaccine targets a part of the virus’s spike protein called the fusion peptide.
• This compound is essentially universal among coronaviruses.
• Most vaccines in development target either the entire spike protein, or just the receptor binding
domain (RBD). While antibodies against the RBD can provide good neutralising activity, there can
be mutations in the RBD that decrease somewhat the effectiveness of the antibodies.
International News

Armenian Genocide
Why in News: Recently, the US President officially recognised the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman
Turks in 1915-16 as an act of genocide.
हाि ही में , अमेररकी राष्ट्रपतत ने आधिकाररक तौर पर 1915-16 में ओटोमन तक
ु क द्वारा अमेतनयाई िोगों की सामहू हक
हत्याओं को नरसंहार के एक अधितनयम के रूप में मान्यता दी।
➢ The Armenian diaspora marks 24th April as

Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day.
➢ According to Article II of the United Nations (UN)
Convention on Genocide of December 1948 –
o Genocide has been described as carrying out acts
intended “to destroy, in whole or in part, a
national, ethnic, racial or religious group”.
➢ Raphael Lemkin, the Polish lawyer, coined the
term “genocide” in 1943.
History:
▪ The Armenian Genocide is called the first genocide of the 20th century.
▪ Refers to – Systematic annihilation of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to
1917.
▪ After the First World War broke out in November 1914, the Ottoman Turks participated
in the war, siding with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian empire.
▪ On 24th April 1915, Ottoman Turkish government officials arrested and executed
thousands of Armenian intellectuals. It was the start of the Armenian Genocide.
▪ Armenian families, including small children, were forced to walk for days without food,
water and shelter in the deserts of Syria and Arabia.
▪ According to estimates, approximately 1.5 million Armenians died during the genocide,
either in massacres and in killings, or from ill treatment, abuse and starvation.

➢ According to the Armenian National Institute, 30 countries officially recognise the

Armenian Genocide.
➢ Such moves would only set back the already strained relationship between US and
Turkey, both of whom are North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies.
➢ Turkey has acknowledged that atrocities were committed against Armenians, but denies
it was a genocide (which comes with legal implications) and challenges the estimates
that 1.5 million were killed.
➢ India, that has not formally recognised the Armenian Genocide has primarily adopted
this stance in the interests of its wider foreign policy decisions and geo-political interests
in the region.
➢ India does not have any domestic law on genocide, even though it has ratified the
United Nations Convention on Genocide.

Nation News

PowerGrid Infrastructure Investment Trust
Why in News: The Power Grid Corporation of India (PGCIL) launched its Infrastructure Investment Trust
(InvIT) - PowerGrid Infrastructure Investment Trust (PGInvIT).
पावर धिड कॉरपोरे शन ऑफ इंडडया (PGCIL) ने अपना इन्रास्ट्रक्चर इन्वेस्ट्टमें ट रस्ट्ट (InvIT) - पावरधिड इंरास्ट्रक्चर
इन्वेस्ट्टमें ट रस्ट्ट (PGInvIT) िॉन्च ककया।
❑ PowerGrid Infrastructure Investment Trust

(PGInvIT) :
➢ First time a state-owned entity (PGCIL) is
monetizing its infrastructure assets through the
InvIT route.
➢ This will be only the third InvIT to be listed in the
Indian markets,
➢ After (both of which went public in 2017) –
1. IRB InvIT and
2. India Grid Trust.
➢ InvIT route proposed by – Centre

• As an alternative fundraising route for state-run companies
• To manage funding requirements without having to depend on government support.
❑ Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT):

➢ Collective investment scheme similar to a mutual fund
• Enables direct investment of money from individual and institutional investors
• In infrastructure projects to earn a small portion of the income as return.
➢ Can be treated as the modified version of REITs (real estate investment trusts)
▪ Designed to suit the specific circumstances of the infrastructure sector.
Created to hold –
o Income-generating
o Operational infrastructure assets
o Such as roads, power transmission lines, gas pipelines, etc.
➢ These assets have long-term contracts long term – typically 15-20 years.
➢ Regulated by – SEBI (Infrastructure Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014.
Consists of four elements:

1. Trustee has the responsibility of inspecting the performance of an InvIT.
2. Sponsor(s) are promoters of the company that set up the InvIT.
3. Investment Manager is entrusted with the task of supervising the assets and
investments of the InvIT.
4. Project Manager is responsible for the execution of the project.
➢ Units of InvITs can be listed and traded on a stock exchange, providing them liquidity.

State News

Bangalore Metro Rail Project
Why in News: The Union Cabinet has approved Bangalore Metro Rail Project Phase 2A (Central Silk Board
Junction to K.R. Puram) and Phase 2B (K.R. Puram to Airport via Hebbal Junction) of total length 58.19 km.
The total completion cost of the project is Rs. 14,788.101 Crore.
केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडि ने कुि 58.19 ककिोमीटर की िंबाई में बैंगिोर मेरो रे ि पररयोजना चरण 2 ए (केंद्रीय रे शम बोडक जंक्शन
से के.आर. परु म) और चरण 2 बी (केआर परु म से हवाई अड्डा जंक्शन) को मंजूरी दे दी है । पररयोजना की कुि पण ू क
िागत रू। 14,788.101 करोड़।
➢ The project will streamline the urban

transportation system in Bengaluru, which is
stressed due to
o Intensive developments,
o Increase in the number of private vehicles and
o Heavy construction in the city putting stress
on travel infrastructure.
➢ The Metro Project in itself is an innovation over
the conventional system of urban transport.
Economy

Reserve Bank of India
Why in News: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to continue with the existing interim Ways and
Means Advances (WMA) scheme limit of Rs. 51,560 crore for all States/UTs upto September 2021, given the
prevalence of Covid-19.
भारतीय ररज़वक बैंक (RBI) ने मौजद
ू ा अंतररम तरीके और सािन अधिम (WMA) योजना की सीमा रुपये के साथ जारी रखने
का तनणकय लिया है । लसतंबर 2021 तक सभी राज्यों / केंद्रशालसत प्रदे शों के लिए 51,560 करोड़, कोववद -19 का प्रचिन
है ।
➢ Ways and Means Advances (WMA):

▪ Introduced in – 1997.
▪ To meet mismatches in the receipts and payments
of the government.
▪ The government can avail immediate cash from
the RBI, if required.
▪ But it has to return the amount within 90 days.
▪ Interest is charged at the existing repo rate.
➢ Section 17(5) of the RBI Act, 1934 authorises the central bank to lend to the Centre and
state governments subject to their being repayable “not later than three months from
the date of the making of the advance”.
➢ Repo Rate is basically the rate at which RBI lends short-term money to banks.
➢ If the WMA exceeds 90 days, it would be treated as an overdraft (the interest rate on
overdrafts is 2 percentage points more than the repo rate).
➢ The limits for WMA (for Centre) are decided by the government and RBI mutually and
revised periodically.
➢ A higher limit provides the government flexibility to raise funds from RBI without
borrowing them from the market.
➢ The Special Drawing Facility (SDF) availed by State Governments/UTs shall continue to
be linked to the quantum of their investments in marketable securities issued by the
Government of India,

➢ A Special WMA or Special Drawing Facility –

▪ Provided against the collateral of the government securities held by the state.
▪ After the state has exhausted the limit of SDF, it gets normal WMA.
▪ The interest rate for SDF is one percentage point less than the repo rate.

Science and Technology

#FOSS4GOV Innovation Challenge
Why in News: Recently, the Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) has announced #FOSS4GOV Innovation
Challenge to accelerate adoption of Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) in Government.
हाि ही में , इिेक्रॉतनक्स और आईटी मंिािय (MeitY) ने सरकार में री और ओपन सोसक सॉफ्टवेयर (FOSS) को अपनाने में
तेजी िाने के लिए #FOSS4GOV इनोवेशन चैिेंज की घोषणा की है ।
➢ FOSS): It doesn’t mean software is free of cost.

▪ The term “free” indicates that the software does not
have constraints on copyrights.
▪ Means – Source code of the software is open for all
and anyone is free to
▪ Use,
▪ Study and
▪ Modify the code.
▪ It allows other people also to contribute to the
development and improvement of the software like a
community.
Report and Index

Good Governance
Why in News: Recently, India has been ranked 49th in the Chandler Good Government Index (CGGI).
हाि ही में , चांडिर गड
ु गवनकमेंट इंडक्
े स (CGGI) में भारत को 49 वाँ स्ट्थान हदया गया है ।
➢ Good Governance: Approach to government that is

committed to creating a system founded in justice and peace
that protects individual’s human rights and civil liberties.
➢ Released by – Chandler Institute of Governance
➢ Private nonprofit organization headquartered in Singapore.
➢ Classifies – 104 countries
➢ In terms of – Government capabilities and outcomes.
o Finland has topped the list.
o India ranked 49th,
o Sri Lanka 74th,
o Pakistan 90th and
o Nepal 92nd.
❑ Indian Initiatives for Good Governance:

➢ Good Governance Index:
▪ Launched by – Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions
▪ To determine the status of governance in the country.
▪ Assesses the impact of various interventions taken up by the State Government and UTs.
➢ Good Governance Day:
o Celebrated annually on 25th December
o To mark the birth anniversary of the former Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee.
o Aim – to create awareness of accountability in government among the citizens of India.
➢ National e-Governance Plan:
• Vision – To “make all government services accessible to the common man in his locality,
through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency &
reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common
man.”

➢ Right to Information Act, 2005:

o It plays an effective role in ensuring transparency in governance.
➢ Setting up of –
▪ NITI Aayog,
▪ Make in India programme,
▪ Lokpal, etc.

International Relations

US Supports India
Why in News: Recently, the Prime Minister of India and US President had a telephone conversation with
assurances exchanged on smoothening out issues related to supply chains for vaccines for Covid-19.
हाि ही में , भारत के प्रिान मंिी और अमेररकी राष्ट्रपतत ने कोववद -19 के लिए टीकों की आपतू तक श्ंख
र िा से संबधं ित मद्
ु दों
को सच
ु ारू करने के आकवासन के साथ टे िीफोन पर बातचीत की थी।
➢ The telephone call came in the background of –

▪ Flagging supply chain issues with the US with
regard to vaccines
▪ Lack of certain resources in India to fight the
pandemic,
▪ As the country has been hit by exponentially
rising cases and deaths.
➢ Earlier in 2020: India and the US planned to work
together on vaccine research and testing for
Covid-19.
❑ India discussed with US –

➢ 1. Its initiative at World Trade Organisation (WTO)
• For a relaxation in the norms of the agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property (TRIPS)
• to ensure quick and affordable access to vaccines and medicines for developing
countries.
❖ 1995 agreement on TRIPS –
o Key legal instrument harmonises Intellectual Property (IP) protection
o by imposing binding obligations on member countries
o to ensure a minimum level of protection and enforcement of IP rights in their territories.
❖ IP rights could hinder – Supply of vaccines and drugs at affordable prices.
➢ 2. Mentioned its commitment to contain the Covid-19 pandemic globally

▪ through Vaccine Maitri, and its participation in COVAX and the Quad Vaccine Initiatives.

➢ 3. Emphasized the need to ensure smooth and open supply chains of raw materials
• Required for manufacture of vaccines, medicines, and therapeutics related to Covid-19.
➢ 4. Requested for supply of seven essential items needs on an urgent basis.

➢ These are:
▪ Oxygen concentrators,
▪ Oxygen cylinders,
▪ Oxygen generators,
▪ Oxygen generation plants,
▪ Remdesivir,
▪ Favipiravir, and
▪ Tocilizumab.

➢ Other Countries:
1. Singapore: Donated four cryogenic oxygen tanks to India.
2. United Kingdom: It will ship over “600 pieces of vital medical equipment” to help India
fight Covid19.
3. Australia: It will send oxygen, ventilators and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) kits
to India as part of an immediate support package.
4. Saudi Arabia: Shipping 80 metric tonnes of liquid oxygen to India.
5. Germany: Preparing a “mission of support” for India.
6. Russia: It would send 3,00,000-4,00,000 units of Remdesivir injection. Also planning to
send Covid-19 assistance including – oxygen concentrators, generators, and drugs
needed to treat the disease.
7. China: It would provide support and help based on India’s needs.

Agriculture

Crop diversification
Why in News: Recently, a top agriculture economist has suggested that the best chance of Crop
Diversification is through animal agriculture/animal husbandry.
हाि ही में , एक शीषक करवष अथकशास्ट्िी ने सझ
ु ाव हदया है कक फसि वववविीकरण का सबसे अच्छा मौका पशु करवष /
पशपु ािन के माध्यम से है ।
➢ Crop diversification:
▪ Addition of new crops or cropping systems to
agricultural production on a particular farm
▪ Taking into account the different returns from
value- added crops with complementary
marketing opportunities.
➢ Major cropping systems in India:
• Sequential-cropping,
• Monocropping,
• intercropping, relay Cropping,
• Mixed-cropping and Alley cropping.
➢ Animal husbandry or Animal Agriculture:

➢ Branch of science dealing with the practice of breeding, farming and care of farm animals
(livestocks) such as cattle, dogs, sheep and horses by humans for advantages.
➢ It refers to livestock raising and selective breeding.
➢ It is a branch of agriculture.
1. At present, 70-80% farmers have land below 2 hectare. To overcome this, existing
cropping patterns must be diversified with high value crops such as maize, pulses, etc.
2. Crop diversification can better tolerate the ups and downs in price of various farm
products
3. Mitigating Natural Calamities – crop diversification through mixed cropping may be
useful.
4. Most of the Indian population suffers from malnutrition. Most of the girl children have
anemia. Including crops like pulses, oilseed, horticulture, and vegetable crops can
improve socio economic status by adding quality to the food basket
5. Also improve soil health with the aim of food safety and nutritional security.


Nano Magazine Quiz- 01 April 2021
1. Workers' Day (International Labour Day) : 01 May 2021 International Labour Day is also known
as ……………..or ………………...
2. Theme: "The World of Work and the #.............................: securing workers in the preservations
of the achievements within companies"
3. ………………………, Adobe’s co-founder who aided the development of the world’s most widely
used file format, the …………………………………(PDF), died at the age of 81 in California
4. The ………………………………(VBM), which started repatriating Indians stranded abroad due to
COVID-19- has turned out to be one of the largest evacuations of civilians by a country.
5. ………………………………….., the Polish lawyer, coined the term “genocide” in 1943.
6. US recognised the mass killings of ………………. by Ottoman Turks in 1915-16 as an act of genocide.
7. …………………………………………..(WMA): Introduced in – 1997- To meet mismatches in the receipts
and payments of the government.
8. Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) has announced #FOSS4GOV Innovation Challenge to
accelerate adoption of ……………………………………(FOSS) in Government
9. India has been ranked 49th in the Chandler Good Government Index (CGGI)-Released by –
………………………………..Private nonprofit organization headquartered in Singapore.
1. Workers' Day (International Labour Day) : 01 May 2021 International Labour Day is also known
as Labour Day or May Day.
2. Theme: "The World of Work and the #COVID19 pandemic: securing workers in the preservations
of the achievements within companies"
3. Charles Geschke, Adobe’s co-founder who aided the development of the world’s most widely
used file format, the Portable Document Format (PDF), died at the age of 81 in California
4. The Vande Bharat Mission (VBM), which started repatriating Indians stranded abroad due to
COVID-19- has turned out to be one of the largest evacuations of civilians by a country.
5. Raphael Lemkin, the Polish lawyer, coined the term “genocide” in 1943.
6. US recognised the mass killings of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915-16 as an act of genocide.
7. Ways and Means Advances (WMA): Introduced in – 1997- To meet mismatches in the receipts
and payments of the government.
8. Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY) has announced #FOSS4GOV Innovation Challenge to
accelerate adoption of Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) in Government
9. India has been ranked 49th in the Chandler Good Government Index (CGGI)-Released by –
Chandler Institute of Governance Private nonprofit organization headquartered in Singapore.
1. Ayushman Bharat Diwas : 30 April 2021 based on the …………………………………………..database.
2. The ……………………………………. government announced a Jan Anushasan Pakhwara (JAP)
3. ………………………. has developed Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) supplemental Oxygen
Delivery System for soldiers posted at extreme high-altitude areas
4. The ……………………………………………(CLAWS), New Delhi, is an independent think tank on strategic
studies and land warfare in the Indian context.
5. India- ……........ signed agreement on ‘Cities combating plastic entering the marine environment’.
6. Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) of ……………. has been imposed in
Gurugram, owing to the rising number of Covid-19 cases.
7. Dr Ram Manohar Lohiya case …….., the Supreme Court held that “no democracy can exist if
‘public order’ is freely allowed to be disturbed by a section of the citizens”.
8. Groundwater is a critical resource for food security, accounting for ……..% of irrigation supplies
9. The 19th edition of the Indian and ………….. Navy bilateral exercise ‘VARUNA-2021’ is being
conducted in the …………. Sea.
10. The Government of India has declared six religions namely, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists
and Parsis (Zoroastrian) and ……….. as religious minorities in India.
1. Ayushman Bharat Diwas : 30 April 2021 based on the Socio-Economic Caste Census database.
2. The Rajasthan government announced a Jan Anushasan Pakhwara (JAP)
3. DRDO has developed Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) supplemental Oxygen Delivery
System for soldiers posted at extreme high-altitude areas
4. The Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), New Delhi, is an independent think tank on
strategic studies and land warfare in the Indian context.
5. India- Germany signed agreement on ‘Cities combating plastic entering the marine environment’.
6. Section 144 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) of 1973 has been imposed in Gurugram,
owing to the rising number of Covid-19 cases.
7. Dr Ram Manohar Lohiya case 1967, the Supreme Court held that “no democracy can exist if
‘public order’ is freely allowed to be disturbed by a section of the citizens”.
8. Groundwater is a critical resource for food security, accounting for 60% of irrigation supplies
9. The 19th edition of the Indian and French Navy bilateral exercise ‘VARUNA-2021’ is being
conducted in the Arabian Sea.
10. The Government of India has declared six religions namely, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists
and Parsis (Zoroastrian) and Jain as religious minorities in India.

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Nano-Magazine

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➢ The Armenian diaspora marks 24th April as

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➢ According to the Armenian National Institute, 30 countries officially recognise the

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❑ PowerGrid Infrastructure Investment Trust

➢ InvIT route proposed by – Centre

❑ Infrastructure Investment Trust (InvIT):

➢ Regulated by – SEBI (Infrastructure Investment Trusts) Regulations, 2014.

Consists of four elements:

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➢ The project will streamline the urban

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➢ Ways and Means Advances (WMA):

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➢ A Special WMA or Special Drawing Facility –

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Science and Technology

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➢ FOSS): It doesn’t mean software is free of cost.

Report and Index

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➢ Good Governance: Approach to government that is

❑ Indian Initiatives for Good Governance:

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➢ Right to Information Act, 2005:

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➢ The telephone call came in the background of –

❑ India discussed with US –

➢ 2. Mentioned its commitment to contain the Covid-19 pandemic globally

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➢ 4. Requested for supply of seven essential items needs on an urgent basis.

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➢ Animal husbandry or Animal Agriculture:

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