COMPONENTS OF MOTHERBOARD

DESKTOP MOTHER BOARD LAPTOP MOTHER BOARD

MOTHER BOARD

 Mother board also called the system board. It is the main printed circuit board, which contains
sockets that accepts additional boards. The motherboard contains the CPU, Basic Input Output
system, chipset, PCI, bus slots, memory slots and controller circuits for the keyboard, mouse, disks
and printer.
 It may also have built in controllers for the modem, sound, display and network obviating the
need to plug in a card in PCI slots
 MECHANICAL AND OPTICAL MICE

Mechanical mouse working:

When the mouse moved, this movement rolls a ball found inside. The mouse should place on flat table or mouse pad
in order to move. The two axes (represent X and Y direction) will turn as a result of rolling ball. Each axle connects to
wheel which spins when axle rotates.
Optical mouse working:
It uses a very small Light Emitting Diode (LED) which is red in color. The LED produces a red light that is emitted onto
a surface. The light is reflected off the surface back to the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
sensor. The CMOS sensor sends each image that is reflected back to a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) for analysis.
Using the thousands of images that the CMOS sends to the DSP for analysis, the DSP is able to detect both patterns
and images and can determine if the mouse has moved, at what distance it has moved and at what speed. It is able
to determine coordinates which are then sent to the computer that the mouse is hooked up to. The coordinates are
received by the computer and the movement of the mouse is shown, usually by its cursor on the computer screen.
 HARD DISK DRIVE:

Hard Disk Drive

A Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is a digitally encoded non- volatile storage device which stores data on rapidly
rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. Hard disks use one or more metal or glass platters. The picture
shows inside view of a hard disk drive displaying the read/write head traveling over the top platter. Hard
disks provide fast retrieval because they rotate constantly at high speed, from 5,000 to 15,000 RPM and
the head, controlled by the actuator, slides over on the surfaces of the platter to read and write data.
Capacity is measured in bytes, and speed is measured by transfer rate in bytes per second and access
time in milliseconds (ms) i.e. about 3ms to 15 m s.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LASER PRINTER

LASER PRINTER
The laser printer uses electrostatic charges to
(1) create an image on the drum,
(2) adhere toner to the image,
(3) transfer the toned image to the paper, and
(4) fuse the toner to the paper.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF INKJET PRINTER

Inkjet printer
This method sprays continuous droplets of ink that either reach the paper or wind up in the return
gutter.
The nozzle uses a piezoelectric crystal to synchronize the chaotic droplets that arrive from the pump.
The charging tunnel selectively charges the drops that are deflected into the gutter.
The uncharged droplets make it to the paper. The diagram depicts a single nozzle.
 STORAGE DEVICES

Parts of a Pen Drive

SD cards connect to a device with pins that match a port
on the device. Each card has a microcontroller that
1. USB connector.
communicates with the device, bringing data from the
host to flash storage components called NAND, or Not
And, chips. The microcontroller only activates when of 2. USB mass storage controller device.
power needed to support the card.
3. Test points.
SD Cards have no moving parts, which means that if they
are bumped or dropped they are much less likely to break 4. Flash memory chip.
or lose data. The NAND storage is resilient and does not
wear easily; data can be written and rewritten thousands 5. Crystal oscillator.
of times in the lifetime of the card.
6. LED.

7. Write-protect switch.