LAPORAN SKRIPSI

RANCANG BANGUN SENSOR DAN PROTOTIPE PINTU BUKA TUTUP

OTOMATIS PENGENDALI KETINGGIAN AIR

DWI WAHYU NUZULUM MAJID

2014-54-063

DOSEN PEMBIMBING:
RIANTO WIBOWO ST., M.Eng.
QOMARUDDIN ST., MT.

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN (S1)

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS
2018

i
ii
iii
iv
 AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF WATER LEVEL CONTROL

Nama Mahasiswa : Dwi Wahyu Nuzulum Majid

NIM : 2014-54-063
Pembimbing : 1. Rianto Wibowo S.T.,M.Eng.
2. Qomaruddin S.T.,M.T.

ABSTRAK
Control of the water level in the dam is still done manually by utilizing human power
as an operator, which in this case sometimes occurs errors in decision making or water level
reading due to human error. This is less efficient and there is often negligence on the
operator, so the river overflows and causes flooding. Bad habits of people who littering are a
contributing factor to the cause of flooding, in addition to causing loss of property can also
cause loss of life. Therefore we need a moonitoring flood and a warning to avoid undesirable
things. The purpose of this study is to design dam door controls automatically by using an
Arduino-based control system. The prototype of the dam door will open and close
automatically based on the level of the water that touches the sensor, as a door drive is used
a DC motor that will work with reverse rotation.
The method in making automatic door closure control systems for tackling floods
begins with the process of planning, manufacturing and testing materials. The manufacturing
phase of the automatic opening and closing door prototype includes work: working drawings,
material cutting, assembly and testing of materials to find out the results of the manufacture.
Keywords: automatic opening and closing doors, dc motors.

v
 KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat
rahmat dan hidayah dari –Nya yang begitu besar maka penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi
yang berjudul “RANCANG BANGUN SENSOR DAN PROTOTIPE PINTU BUKA TUTUP
OTOMATIS PENGENDALI KETINGGIAN AIR”.
Skripsi ini dibuat untuk memenuhi syarat lulusnya mata kuliah skripsi yang merupakan
salah satu mata kuliah wajib dalam Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus
dan merupakan salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik (ST).
Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah banyak
membantu dan mengarahkan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. Untuk itu penulis menyampaikan
ucapan terima kasih kepada :
1. Rianto Wibowo S.T.,M.Eng sebagai Dosen Pembimbing Utama.
2. Qomaruddin S.T.,M.T sebagai Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping.
3. Bachtiar Satya Nugraha S.T.,M.T sebagai Dosen Penguji 1.
4. Rochmad Winarso S.T.,M.T sebagai Dosen Penguji 2.
5. Seluruh Dosen Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus yang telah mendidik dan
memberikan bimbingan selama masa perkuliahan.
6. Teman-teman satu tim yang selalu kompak sehingga pembuatan mesin bisa selesai sesuai
jadwal yang telah ditentukan.
7. Keluarga, saudara, serta semua pihak yang telah berkenan memberikan dukungan moril
dan materil selama penulis kuliah dan menyelesaikan skripsi.

Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu dengan
segala kerendahan hati, penulis mengharapkan kritik, saran dan masukan yang membangun
untuk perbaikan skripsi ini.

Akhir kata semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua dan bisa memberikan
nilai tambahan bagi Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus.
Kudus, 3 September 2018
Penulis

Dwi Wahyu Nuzulum Majid

NIM. 201454063

vi
 DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL .........................................................................................................i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN. .........................................................................................ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...........................................................................................iii
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ...........................................................................................iv
RINGKASAN ...................................................................................................................v
ABSRACT ..........................................................................................................................vi
KATA PENGANTAR.......................................................................................................vii
DAFTAR ISI .....................................................................................................................viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................x
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................xi
DAFTAR SIMBOL ...........................................................................................................xii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .....................................................................................................xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................1
1.1 Latar Belakang.................................................................................................1
1.2 Perumusan Masalah .........................................................................................1
1.3 Batasan Masalah ..............................................................................................2
1.4 Tujuan ..............................................................................................................2
1.5 Manfaat ............................................................................................................2
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................................4
2.1 Banjir ...............................................................................................................4
2.2 Arduino ............................................................................................................5
2.3 Pintu Otomatis .................................................................................................8
2.4.Motor DC. .......................................................................................................................9
2.4.1 Stator. ...................................................................................................10
2.4.2 Rotor dan Jangkar Motor DC. .............................................................11
2.4.3 Komutator. ............................................................................................11
2.4.4 Prinsip kerja motor dc. .........................................................................12
2.5 Sensor Ultrasonik ............................................................................................13
2.6 Limit Switch. ...................................................................................................15
2.7 Proses Permesinan. ..........................................................................................16

vii
 2.7.1 Pengukuran. ...........................................................................................16
2.7.2 Menandai. ..............................................................................................17
2.7.3 Pemotongan. ..........................................................................................17
2.7.4 Proses Pengeleman. ...............................................................................18
2.8 Proses Finishing ..............................................................................................................18
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN. .........................................................................19
3.1 Alur Penelitian. ................................................................................................19
32. Gambar Mesin. ................................................................................................20
3.3 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Bahan. .......................................................................23
3.4 Tempat Pelaksanaan. .......................................................................................24
3.5 Pengujian Mesin. .............................................................................................24
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN. .........................................................................25
4.1 Perencanaan Spesifikasi. .................................................................................25
4.1.1 Spesifikasi Mesin. ..................................................................................................25
4.2 Perancangan Komponen. .................................................................................25
4.2.1 Komponen Pintu. ..................................................................................25
4.2.2 Gambar Mesin. ......................................................................................26
4.2.3 Desain Sistem. .......................................................................................28
4.3 Pengujian Sensor Ultrasonik. ..........................................................................30
4.4 Perhitungan Motor DC. ...................................................................................32
4.4.1 Perancangan rangkaian motor dc 1,2 dan 3. ..........................................33
4.5 Menentukan Waktu Aliran Air. .......................................................................34
4.6 Pembuatan Kerangka Pintu. ............................................................................36
4.7 Biaya Pembuatan. ............................................................................................37
4.7.1 Perhitungan biaya. .................................................................................37
4.8 Proses Perakitan. .............................................................................................................38
4.9 Proses Finishing. .............................................................................................................39
4.10 Hasil Pengujian. ............................................................................................................39
BAB V PENUTUP .........................................................................................................41
5.1 Simpulan. .........................................................................................................41
5.2 Saran. ...............................................................................................................41
DAFTAR PUSTAKA. ....................................................................................................42
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN

viii
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1.Arduino Uno .................................................................................................7

Gambar 2.2 Bagian Stator Motor ....................................................................................10
Gambar 2.3 Konstruksi Rotor dan Jangkar Motor ..........................................................11
Gambar 2.4 Komutator. .................................................................................................11
Gambar 2.5.Motor Listrik DC ........................................................................................13
Gambar 2.6.Sensor Ultrasonik ........................................................................................15
Gambar 2.7.Simbol dan Limit Switch ............................................................................15
Gambar 2.8.Penggaris. ....................................................................................................16
Gambar 2.9.Penitik.......................................................................................... ...............16
Gambar 2.10 Gergaji Tangan.......................................................................... ................17
Gambar 2.11.Gerinda Tangan......................................................................... ................18
Gambar 2.12 Amplas. .....................................................................................................18
Gambar 3.1. Flowchart ...................................................................................................19
Gambar 3.2. Prototipe sistem buka tutup pintu air otomatis...........................................21
Gambar 4.1. Desain Prototipe buka tutup pintu otomatis ...............................................25
Gambar 4.2. Blok diagram sistem...................................................................................28
Gambar 4.3. Diagram alir perancangan sistem kontrol ..................................................29
Gambar 4.4. Rangkaian motor dc 1,2 dan 3 ...................................................................33

ix
 DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.2 Index board arduino. .........................................................................................6

Tabel 2.2. Rangkaian Sensor ..........................................................................................14
Tabel 4.1.Hasil pengukuran sensor ultrasonik. ...............................................................31
Tabel 4.2. Data Hasil Pengujian .....................................................................................40

x
 DAFTAR SIMBOL

SIMBOL KETERANGAN SATUAN

P Panjang Cm

L Lebar Cm

T Tinggi Cm

Q Debit Air m³/s

V Volume m²

T Waktu S

S Jarak Sensor m/s

T Torsi Nm

P Daya KW

N Kecepatan Rpm

xi
 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN 1 : DESAIN ALAT

LAMPIRAN 2 : DESAIN PINTU
LAMPIRAN 3 : RANGKAIAN HARDWARE KOMPONEN
LAMPIRAN 4 : JADWAL KEGIATAN

xii