Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 1
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Turbine and Gearcase Assembly.................................................................................................. 7
General Description.................................................................................................................................. 7
Air Inlet Casing.......................................................................................................................................... 7
Inlet Bearing Housing............................................................................................................................... 7
Compressor Stator Casings .................................................................................................................... 7
Compressor Turbine Bearing Housing ................................................................................................... 8
Turbine Rotor Assembly .......................................................................................................................... 8
Combustion System ................................................................................................................................. 8
Turbine Pressure Casing ......................................................................................................................... 8
Exhaust Diffuser ....................................................................................................................................... 8
Gearbox ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Cooling and Sealing Air System.............................................................................................................. 9
Instrumentation......................................................................................................................................... 9
Turbine Instrumentation ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Gearbox Instrumentation........................................................................................................................................ 10
Lubricating Oil System .................................................................................................................11
General Description.................................................................................................................................11
Oil Tank.....................................................................................................................................................11
Oil Pumps .................................................................................................................................................11
Oil Temperature Control Valve ...............................................................................................................12
Oil Pressure Control Valve......................................................................................................................12
Oil Filters ..................................................................................................................................................12
Oil Cooler..................................................................................................................................................13
Hydraulic Pressure Control and Relief Valves ......................................................................................13
Oil Mist Eliminator ...................................................................................................................................13
Instrumentation........................................................................................................................................13
Temperature Monitoring......................................................................................................................................... 13
Pressure Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................... 13
VGS Blade Position Monitoring.............................................................................................................................. 13
Driven Unit Oil Flow Monitoring.............................................................................................................................. 14
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Dampers................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Instrumentation ...................................................................................................................................................... 26
Generator Ventilation ..............................................................................................................................26
General Description................................................................................................................................................ 26
Instrumentation ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
Compressor Cleaning System .....................................................................................................29
General Description.................................................................................................................................29
Instrumentation........................................................................................................................................29
Compressor Cleaning System Requirements .......................................................................................29
Wash Trolley Air Supply......................................................................................................................................... 29
Water Wash Trolley Tank....................................................................................................................................... 30
Compressor Washing Water and Cleaning Fluids ................................................................................................. 30
Fire System....................................................................................................................................31
General Description.................................................................................................................................31
System Control and Operation ...............................................................................................................31
Heat Detectors..........................................................................................................................................32
Flame Detectors.......................................................................................................................................32
Extinguisher Bottles ................................................................................................................................32
Instrumentation........................................................................................................................................32
Generator.......................................................................................................................................33
General Description.................................................................................................................................33
Ventilation and Cooling System .............................................................................................................33
Generator Bearing Lubrication...............................................................................................................33
Electrical Operation .................................................................................................................................33
Instrumentation........................................................................................................................................34
Vibration Monitoring ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Generator Winding Temperature Monitoring.......................................................................................................... 34
Generator Control System............................................................................................................35
General Description.................................................................................................................................35
Operation..................................................................................................................................................35
Electrical Equipment.....................................................................................................................37
General Description.................................................................................................................................37
Electrical Cables .................................................................................................................................................... 37
Junction Boxes....................................................................................................................................................... 37
Battery Charger...................................................................................................................................................... 38
Unit Control Panel .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Generator Control Panel ........................................................................................................................................ 38
Motor Control Center.............................................................................................................................................. 38
AC Distribution Panel ............................................................................................................................................. 38
DC Controller / Emergency Lubricating Oil Pump Motor Contactor ....................................................................... 38
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General Description
The turbine consists of a radial inlet casing through which air enters the ten-stage axial
compressor for compression before entry to the combustion system.
Reverse flow combustion chambers mix, burn, and expand the air-fuel mixture to drive the
two-stage turbine assembly. Exhaust gases exit through the exhaust diffuser.
Journal and thrust bearings in the inlet and compressor turbine bearing housings support and
locate the integrated compressor and turbine rotor assembly.
A cold end driven epicyclical gearbox reduces the turbine speed to the speed required by the
generator. Refer drawing RM–1–2 Sectional Arrangement – SGT100 (Typhoon) Single Shaft
located in Appendix A of this Manual Volume.
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Combustion System
The combustion system is comprised of six symmetrically-positioned combustion chambers that
are inclined at 30 degrees to the engine axis.
The system has a reverse flow design. Air leaving the compressor exit nozzle is reversed and
enters the heads of the combustion chambers through swirler plates. These plates impart a rapid
swirling motion to the flow to ensure complete mixing of fuel and air.
Exhaust Diffuser
The insulated exhaust diffuser, which is mounted on the turbine pressure casing, provides
diffusion of the exhaust gases for the exhaust ducting system.
Gearbox
The Gearbox is a self contained star type epicyclical speed reducing gear mounted from the main
turbine support casing to form an integral part of the turbine assembly. The Gearbox contains
the starter clutch and gearing. Flanges for mounting the electric turbine starter motor and the
main lubricating oil pump are provided.
A quill shaft type gear coupling transmits torque from the cold end of the compressor rotor to the
reduction gear sun-wheel and the gearbox output shaft is provided with an integral flange to suit
interfacing to the output shaft flexible disk coupling.
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Instrumentation
Instrumentation is provided to monitor the turbine parameters and provide warning and trip
control functions. Refer schematic diagram 1405039-C01-070 Typhoon Single Shaft
Instrumentation located in Appendix A, Volume I Turbine Package Operators Manual for
instrumentation location.
Turbine Instrumentation
Thermocouples TC19 and TC20 mounted in the air inlet casing and thermocouples TC1 to TC13
inclusive mounted in the exhaust outlet monitor engine operating temperature deviation.
Additionally the output thermocouples monitor combustion condition and will shut the turbine
down in the event of flame out in one of the combustion chambers.
Single plus redundant thermocouples TC21 to TC24 inclusive, positioned in the appropriate
bearings, measure journal and thrust bearing temperatures.
Speed probes SD3 and SD6 are used for speed detection and over-speed protection. Speed
probes SD1 and SD5 are used for speed control indication and over-speed protection. Probes
monitor from the cold end of the compressor rotor.
X-Y non-contacting vibration probes (UD10X1, UD10Y1, UD11X1 and UD11Y1) adjacent to each
rotor journal bearing monitor radial vibration. Four spare probes (UD10X2, UD10Y2, UD11X2 and
UD11Y2) are also fitted as non-active spares.
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Axial non-contacting vibration probes (ZD10T1 and ZD10T2) monitor axial rotor movements at
the inlet end of the compressor.
A key phaser probe (ND10K1) provides a phase angle reference. A second key phaser probe
(ND10K2) is fitted as a non-active spare.
Pressure transmitter PT7 is provided to monitor the combustion air inlet static pressure and is
used in engine control.
Pressure transmitter PT8 is provided to monitor the compressor exit pressure. The signal is used
in engine control.
Pressure transmitter PT9 is provided to monitor the turbine exhaust pressure. The signal is used
in engine control.
Pressure transmitter PT258 is provided to monitor the interdict static pressure. The signal is
used in engine control.
Gearbox Instrumentation
An accelerometer (UD39) mounted on the gearcase monitors gearcase vibration and provides
warning and trip control functions.
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General Description
The gas turbine lubrication system consists of three lubricating oil pumps and a hydraulic pump
for the gas turbine VGS system. This system also includes a temperature control valve, pressure
control valves, filters, instrumentation, and associated piping to provide the correct delivery
conditions.
Gravity drainage returns used oil to the tank to create a continuously circulating system. Oil
fumes generated while the turbine is running are vented to the atmosphere by the lubricating oil
tank breather system.
The schematic diagram of the lubricating oil system 1405039-C01-050 is located in Appendix A of
this Manual Volume.
Oil Tank
The lubricating oil tank is an integral part of the underbase fabrication and is provided with
internal baffles to aid circulation and maximize removal of entrapped air. Covers are provided to
facilitate cleaning of the tank interior if contamination occurs.
The tank is fitted with an immersion heater to maintain the correct prestart oil temperature.
Integral thermal protection is also provided.
A flip-lid filler with an integral strainer is provided for filling and replenishment of the oil supply. A
level gauge provides visual indication of the oil level within the oil tank.
Oil Pumps
An AC motor driven auxiliary pump (XP2) mounted on the lubricating oil tank provides lubrication
during prestart and initial run-up, and after turbine shutdown. This positive displacement gear
type pump is capable of providing the full package lubricating oil flow requirement. The pump is
equipped with an integral relief valve (PSV8).
The auxiliary pump purges the lubrication system and establishes and maintains lubricating oil
flow and pressure to the lubrication system before the gas turbine is started. During the prestart
period and while starting the turbine, the auxiliary pump primes the main oil pump and the
emergency oil pump piping, as well as supplying lubricating oil to the turbine bearings.
After the gas turbine is started and running, the control system shuts down the auxiliary pump
and the main oil pump supplies lubricating oil to the system. During gas turbine shutdown, the
control system restarts the auxiliary pump when the turbine slows to a preset speed and supplies
lubricating and cooling oil to the bearings during the shutdown process.
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A gearbox-driven main oil pump (XP1) supplies lubricating oil to the package during normal
operation. The positive displacement gear-type pump is equipped with an integral relief valve
(PSV7). A hydraulic pump (XP4) mounted in tandem with the main pump supplies lubricating oil
for control of the VGS blades on the gas turbine.
The main pump discharge goes to a temperature control valve (TCV1) to regulate the oil
temperature. Until the oil reaches a predetermined temperature, it is diverted around the cooler.
The oil is filtered by a duplex filter (XF2, XF3) before it is fed to the turbine bearings. A remote
sensing pressure control valve (PCV1) is installed in the system to maintain a nominal 30 PSIG (2
barg) operating pressure.
A hydraulic pump (XP4) controls the VGS system on the gas turbine. A pressure relief valve
(PSV12) and pressure control valve (PCV109) form part of the pump assembly.
A DC motor-driven pump (XP3), mounted on the lubricating oil tank, provides emergency
lubrication during a fire emergency shutdown. All AC power is isolated from the package, and the
DC-driven pump supplies oil only to the turbine hot bearing during and after shutdown. This
positive displacement gear-type pump is equipped with an integral relief valve (PSV9).
Non-return valves (XV46, XV273, XV271, XV5), located in each pump delivery system, control
circulation between the three pumps.
Oil Filters
Three high-pressure oil filters are provided:
● The main duplex filter (XF2, XF3) is installed on the main line flow of lubricating oil
from the main and auxiliary pumps. Differential pressure gauges (PDI1 and PDI23)
indicate the pressure drop across the filter. A change over valve (HV184) enables
either filter to be isolated for maintenance without shutting down the gas turbine.
Either filter is capable of handling the full flow of oil.
● The emergency oil filter (XF4), which is installed downstream of the DC motor-driven
emergency pump, filters the lubricating oil supplied to the engine in an emergency.
● The VGS filter (XF11), which is installed in the hydraulic circuit, cleans the oil before
it reaches the VGS actuator.
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Oil Cooler
An oil cooler circuit incorporating an air blast oil cooler dissipates heat from the lubricating oil
before its entry into the main supply line. A temperature control valve (TCV1) controls oil flow to
the cooler circuit.
Instrumentation
Instrumentation monitors the lubricating oil system parameters and provides warning and trip
control functions.
Temperature Monitoring
A thermocouple (TC75) mounted in the lubricating oil supply tank monitors the tank oil
temperature and provides a permissive signal for the tank immersion heater control. This
information also inhibits a start until the tank oil temperature is above a set value.
A thermocouple (TC61) and a temperature switch (TS2) mounted in the manifold block measure
the temperature of the lubricating oil. The information is used to display the oil temperature and
provide warning and gas turbine shutdown signals.
Pressure Monitoring
A pressure transmitter (PT6) mounted in the hot bearing supply line provides lubricating oil
pressure, low and high warning signals, and auxiliary and emergency lubricating oil pump control
signals. A pressure switch (PS4) mounted in the same line provides a low oil pressure shutdown
signal.
A differential pressure transmitter (PDT8) monitors the pressure drop across the main lubricating
oil filter assembly to provide a warning of deteriorating element conditions.
Each lubricating oil filter housing is fitted with a pop-up indicator button to provide a visual
indication of when a filter element needs replacement.
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a Caution: It is important to use the correct type of lubricating oil. The use of oil
with insufficient or incorrect additives will cause oil performance to deteriorate.
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Fuel System
The liquid fuel system is designed to deliver fuel to the combustion system at the correct
pressure and flow required for the applicable power demand.
General Description
A liquid fuel system is comprised of off-skid and on-skid components. The off-skid components
include:
● A block valve
● A low-pressure duplex fuel filter
● Differential pressure indicators for each filter
● A thermal relief valve
The following components are located in the turbine underbase:
● An AC motor-driven fuel pump
● A high pressure filter
● Primary and secondary throttle valves
● Solenoid operated shut-off valve assemblies
A piping system connects the components and delivers fuel to each burner. The piping
arrangement provides for forward and reverse purging of the liquid fuel during and after turbine
shutdown.
At the start of the turbine start cycle, the turbine control system purges the fuel system of air.
This purge cycle ensures that there is no air trapped in the system that might inhibit proper
combustion when the control system attempts to ignite the fuel during the turbine start cycle.
Only the primary fuel supply provides fuel to start the gas turbine and to operate the turbine
under light to medium loads. The secondary fuel supply provides the additional fuel required to
meet peak power demands after the turbine is running under load. When the turbine is running,
compressed air is introduced into the fuel stream at the fuel distribution manifold to the burner
assembly to atomize the fuel, thus assisting combustion.
The shutdown purge sequence prevents fuel from being trapped in the burners, decomposing,
and carbonizing or blocking the burner nozzle. When turbine shutdown is initiated, the controller
terminates fuel delivery to the turbine, and a reverse purge is initiated to force the unused fuel in
the primary and secondary fuel supply lines back to the fuel tank using the instrument air supply.
After a short delay, the turbine control module sequences the valves as necessary to force any
remaining fuel out of the burner injection nozzles and to cool them. The forward purge also
provides cooling for the burner walls to further assist in the prevention of blockages. The
schematic diagrams of the fuel system 1405039-C01-040 can be found in Appendix A of this
Manual Volume.
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Fuel Pump
An AC-driven main fuel pump (XP7) supplies high-pressure fuel to the primary and secondary fuel
supply lines through the high-pressure fuel filter (XF20). A control valve (XV217) regulates the
fuel pressure.
Instrumentation
Instrumentation is provided to monitor the fuel system parameters and provide warning and
protective control functions if unsafe or damaging conditions are detected.
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A secondary air purge gas generator (XV152) purges the burner assembly using gas generator
air. The air purge position switches (ZS382 and ZS383) monitor valve positions.
The valve assembly (XV195) is a three-way valve that air assists the burner assemblies. The
position transmitter (ZT128) monitors the valve position.
The instrument valve assembly (XV147) is a three-way valve used for instrument air purge
control. The instrument air position transmitter (ZT110) monitors the valve position.
An air pressure control valve (PCV86) maintains the air purge to the burner.
The bypass valve (SOL471) supplies instrument air for air assist.
The solenoid valve (SOL111) controls instrument air purge to the liquid fuel burner.
Burner Instrumentation
Six thermocouples (TC255–TC260) mounted in each of the burner assemblies continuously
monitor burner operation and provide operational data to the turbine control system. Six reserve
thermocouples (TC255R–TC260R) are available if one of the primary devices fail.
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Instrumentation
The pressure transmitter (PT185) monitors the instrument supply pressure. The pressure
transmitter initiates high- and low-pressure warning and shutdown signals.
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Ignition System
During the start-up cycle, a high-energy pulse spark from the ignition system is used to ignite the
combustion chamber fuel/air mixture.
General Description
The ignition system is comprised of a multiplexer spark generator unit mounted in the underbase
and two retractable igniters (IG1 - IG2), one in each of two combuster flame tube. High-tension
leads enclosed in an armored conduit connect the units.
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Starting System
The starting system consists of an AC electric motor driven by a variable speed drive. The motor
is coupled to the gearbox through a clutch. The gearbox rotates the gas generator compressor
shaft during the start cycle. The clutch limits the torque applied to the gearbox to prevent
damage to the motor or gears.
General Description
The AC electric starter motor is mounted on a pedestal on the gearbox. A variable-speed drive
controls the AC motor speed. The motor is capable of three consecutive attempted starts with a
five-minute rest period between starts. The cycle can be repeated after 10 minutes of cooling
time. For compressor cleaning purposes, the motor can also drive the turbine for a 10-minute
period.
If the engine fails to reach a predetermined speed within a specified time, the current
limiter/fault protection circuit will operate to stop the starter motor. Thermistor temperature
detectors, integral to the motor, are installed to protect against thermal overloads. These devices
will prevent the motor from being operated until its windings have cooled to a safe temperature
before attempting another start. If a thermal overload on the motor is detected during the start
cycle, the motor will automatically shut down, and the start cycle will be aborted.
Instrumentation
Temperature detectors (TD6, TD8, TD10) are integral to the AC starter motor and provide for
overload protection.
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General Description
A single-piece underbase of fabricated steel construction, which incorporates an integral
lubricating oil tank, provides mounting points for the main turbine and gearbox support, the
turbine combustion casing support, and the generator mounting feet. Torque reactions between
the turbine and gearbox assembly and the generator are transmitted from the fabrication to the
foundation upon which the underbase is mounted through multiple mounting pads and
foundation bolting.
The underbase incorporates mounting points for all the turbine support systems. Customer
supply, vent, and drain connections are integrated into the main side members of the fabrication.
The underbase also incorporates integral plating on the underside of the fabrication that forms a
spillage collection feature for any system leakage.
The turbine acoustic enclosure is comprised of a load-bearing framework with removable
paneling and hinged doors mounted on the turbine underbase. Sound attenuation is achieved by
a combination of material thickness, acoustic filler material, and an acoustic skirt, if required.
The ventilation system draws air from the atmosphere and directs it through ducting and system
components before discharging it back to the atmosphere in a safe area.
Fire extinguisher-activated dampers are located at the gas turbine enclosure ventilation inlet and
outlet openings. These dampers close positively when subjected to extinguisher pressure. The
outlet damper is supplied with a spring-loaded flap to prevent over-pressurization of the
enclosure.
The dampers require manual resetting to the open position after fire extinguisher release.
A schematic diagram of the ventilation system 1405039-C01-080 is located in Appendix A of this
Manual Volume.
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General Description
The combustion air intake system consists of an air intake filter, air intake silencer, and
associated ducting.
A flexible joint is included in the system to compensate for thermally-induced movement between
the inlet ducting and the turbine inlet casing.
A schematic diagram of the air intake system 1405039-C01-080 is included in Appendix A of this
Manual Volume. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation entitled Cullum Installation,
Operation, and Maintenance Instruction Manual located in the Cullum section of Volume V Vendor
Information Manual for additional information regarding the combustion air intake system.
Instrumentation
Pressure switch (PDS17) provides pulse cleaning sequence for the air filter. The system is also
fitted with a differential pressure transmitter (PDT1) and gauge (PDI9) to provide visual reading
of the pressure drop across the filter elements. High differential pressure indicates that filter
maintenance is required.
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General Description
The exhaust system consists of an exhaust silencer, diffuser and thermocouples. Acoustic flexible
joints must be installed in the system to compensate for thermal movement within the turbine exhaust
ducting. Insulation must also be installed to provide heat and noise protection from the exhaust
system.
Exhaust Silencer
The exhaust silencer reduces noise emissions from the turbine exhaust.
Instrumentation
Thirteen thermocouples (TC1-TC13) monitor the exhaust component temperature to ensure
proper gas turbine operating conditions.
General Description
Ambient air is filtered and ducted to an inlet silencer to reduce noise pollution. An AC
motor-driven fan located in the outlet duct draws air through the turbine enclosure and exhausts
it to the atmosphere.
Dampers
Air inlet and outlet dampers located in the turbine cooling air ducts close in the event of a fire.
Once closed, these dampers must be manually reset before the gas turbine can be restarted.
Instrumentation
Airflow is monitored by a switch (FS1) to provide a warning if turbine air flow drops below
prescribes limits.
Two switches (ZS16, ZS17) monitor damper position to provide a permissive signal for engine
start.
Generator Ventilation
Cooling air is filtered, ducted to the generator to maintain operating temperatures within
prescribed limits, and exhausted to the atmosphere.
General Description
Cooling air is filtered and then ducted to the generator to maintain operating
temperatures within prescribed limits. Separate inlet and outlet ducting is provided for the
generator.
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Instrumentation
Generator winding RTD's (RTD 25-30) provides a warning signal to the turbine control module if the
generator overheats.
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General Description
The system consists of a mobile water wash trolley containing a cleaning fluid and rinse water
tank and an electric motor driven pump. The trolley is supplied with a flexible hose for connection
to the turbine skid water wash inlet connection.
The fluid is routed through turbine skid pipework and a final wash filter to the turbine-mounted
water wash injection nozzles.
To prevent combustion chamber flame out during an online wash cycle, cleaning fluid is injected
into the compressor while the engine is running at medium to high load.
Depending on site conditions, online washes should be carried out every two to three days to
prevent fouling of the compressor. Offline washes are performed at less frequent intervals to
remove severe fouling that cannot be rectified by the online wash cycle.
During an offline wash, the turbine rotor is slowly rotated while the cleaning system cycles
through an injection, soak, drain, rinse, drain sequence. During the offline wash sequence, air is
injected into the compressor labyrinth seals to prevent cleaning fluid contamination of the
lubricating oil and seal air systems. The air is also used to overcome blow-off valve spring
pressure to drive the normally open valves to the closed position for the duration of the offline
wash sequence.
A drain system, incorporating automatic drain valves drains the turbine and exhaust of excess
fluids.
A schematic diagram of the Compressor Cleaning System 1405039-C01-060 is located in
Appendix A of this Manual Volume.
Instrumentation
A pressure switch (PS60) monitors the air pressure to the labyrinth seals during the offline wash
cycle and provides permission-to-start-wash and low-air-pressure-alarm signals.
Requirement Pressure
Maximum supply pressure 100 psig (6.89 barg)
Minimum supply pressure 80 psig (5.5 barg)
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a Caution: Online washing should never be carried out when the ambient air
temperature is below 14°F (-10°C).
For an offline wash in a low ambient temperature, the 30% limit on mono propylene glycol does
not apply, because the engine remains unfired. However, because cleaning efficiency is reduced
as the volume of mono propylene glycol increases, the use of more than a 50% volume of mono
propylene glycol is not recommended. Due to the low air velocity in an offline wash, temperature
drop is negligible and cleaning in ambient air temperatures down to –40 degrees Fahrenheit (-40
degrees Celsius) can be carried out. Refer to Table 1-3 and Table 1-4 for the volume of mono
propylene glycol required at various ambient temperatures.
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Fire System
A fire monitoring system and a fire extinguishing system are provided to protect the installation if
a fuel leak or fire is detected. A schematic diagram of the fire and gas extinguishant system
1405039-C01-090 is located in Appendix A of this Manual Volume.
General Description
The system consists of ultra-violet flame detectors and heat detectors mounted in the turbine
enclosure. Fire extinguisher cylinders are mounted externally to the enclosure with an associated
release mechanism that delivers the CO2 through pipework to nozzles located inside the
enclosure. The fire- and gas-monitoring module located within the turbine control module
automatically controls the system. Two manual discharge buttons located on the outside of the
enclosure and one on the turbine control module enable manual operation of the system. Audible
and visual alarm units are fitted to the turbine enclosure roof to signal that the fire system has
detected a fire and that personnel should leave the immediate area.
Ventilation dampers, which are located in the enclosure ventilation inlet and outlet ducts, are
used to prevent the loss of extinguisher to atmosphere if a fire occurs. When the fire and gas
extinguishing system is activated, the dampers are automatically closed by extinguisher that is
directed from the extinguisher cylinders to actuators connected to the dampers.
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Heat Detectors
Two heat detectors (TD1, TD2) are mounted in the turbine enclosure. If either heat detector
detects a fire, the fire shutdown sequence is initiated immediately, and the CO2 is released after
a predetermined time delay.
Flame Detectors
Four flame detectors (YD7–YD8) are mounted in the turbine enclosure. If two flame detectors
detect a fire, the fire shutdown sequence is initiated immediately, and the CO2 is released after a
predetermined time delay.
Extinguisher Bottles
Two initial and two reserve bottles are positioned on a skid outside the turbine acoustic
enclosure, with connecting pipework to nozzles within the enclosure.
The fire extinguisher is released by either a signal from the turbine control module or manual
activation from the manual button located on the corners of the turbine enclosure package and
one on the turbine control module. Both sets of bottles can be manually fired by operating the
manual lever actuators located on the tops of the bottles.
A valve (HV142) is located adjacent to the extinguisher bottle skid for manual isolation. The valve
is fitted with limit switches (ZS235, ZS384) to indicate when the valve is fully open or closed.
When the valve is closed, the enclosure vent system trip and gas turbine start are inhibited.
Instrumentation
Pressure switches (PS8, PS73) provide the turbine control module with a CO2 Gas Gone warning
for both initial and reserve cylinders respectively.
Position switches (ZS384, ZS235) monitor the open and closed positions of the CO2 isolation
valve.
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Generator
The driven unit generator is of salient-pole construction with brushless excitation; it has a
permanent magnet generator for the automatic voltage regulator power supply. The design of
the generator facilitates commissioning, operation, inspection, and maintenance of the generator.
General Description
All the items that comprise the generator are fixed to the base frame, which is the main
structural member. It carries the bearings, main stator core-pack, and overall cover. The exciter
stator and permanent-magnet generator stator are fixed to an extension of the main baseframe
at the non-drive end.
For more information, refer to General Arrangement Drawing 1405039-B01-001, located in
Appendix A of this Manual Volume, as well as the manufacturer’s documentation entitled
9300-0018 WEG Generator Operations and Maintenance Manual located in Volume III Driven Unit
Manual.
Electrical Operation
The AC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electro-magnetic
induction. To produce a voltage, there must be a relative motion between the armature windings
of the stator and the field windings of the rotor. The motion is produced by the action of the gas
turbine engine turning the rotor through the gearbox.
An automatic voltage regulator (AVR) controls the DC power from a permanent magnet
generator for driven unit excitation. A manual method for excitation control is provided as a
backup to the automatic voltage regulator. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation entitled
9-3601-00-990 Instruction Manual for Digital Excitation Control System DECS-200 located in
Balser Section, Volume V Vendor Information Manual. Engineering Data Sheet S2M-7 DECS-200
Digital Excitation Control System is also available for reference in the previous mentioned section.
A power factor/VAR control circuit enables the generator to operate at constant power factor or
constant VARs when in parallel with the public supply. In island mode, MVAR sharing between
generators is using ‘voltage drop’ or cross-current compensation.
The over current limit circuit protects the AVR and generator excitation system against overloads
by limiting the maximum excitation output from the AVR.
An excitation fault detector detects the improper operation of the generator caused by faulty
excitation. The diode failure detector provides additional protection by warning of shorted or
open diodes in the exciter diode ring.
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Instrumentation
One resistance temperature detectors are fitted to all bearing housings to monitor bearing
temperature and provide warning and turbine shutdown functions if the temperature reaches
predetermined levels. A second RTD is fitted on each bearing as a spare.
Vibration Monitoring
The generator is monitored for vibration by velometers located at the drive end and non-drive
end bearings. The velometers provide warning and turbine shutdown functions if vibration
reaches predetermined levels.
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General Description
The generator control system consists of a cubicle housing various metering, indication, control,
protection, and synchronizing devices and instrumentation as well as the panel switches that
enable generator functions.
Operation
Control of the generator is achieved through a Generator Control Panel (GCP). Links exist
between the GCP and the Turbine Control Panel to enable emergency stop, raise, and lower
command signals.
For specific details of the GCP, refer to the manufacturer’s documentation entitled M & I MCC
Generator Control Documentation located in section M & I, Volume V Vendor Information Manual.
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Electrical Equipment
This section describes details of the electrical equipment associated with the turbine package.
General Description
For turbines with off-skid electrical controls, the major components of the electrical system
include:
● Electrical cables
● Junction Boxes
● Battery Charger
● Unit Control Panel
● Generator Control Panel
● Motor Control Center
● AC Distribution Panel
● DC Controller / Emergency DC Lube Contactor
● Engine Control Unit
● Igniter Control
Electrical Cables
The cabling on the package is either MEPR or PTFE cable, depending on the duty to be
performed. Cables are routed between items of equipment and junction boxes located on the
outside of the underbase to connect to site cabling.
Junction Boxes
Each of the following junction boxes provides connections for a specific range of electrical
functions:
● AC junction box—Connection of on-skid AC equipment
● Non-IS junction box—Connection of DC circuits
● IS junction box—Connection of intrinsically safe circuits
● SD probe and thermocouple junction box—Connection of speed probes and
thermocouples
● Option/CSR junction box—Connection for customer-specific options
● Vibration junction box—Fitted for connection to eddy current probes
● Fire and gas junction box—Fitted for connection to fire and gas equipment
● Liquid fuel junction box—Contains the remote I/O for the liquid fuel and associated
controls
● Fire detection junction box (JB5)—Provides an interface between the fire detectors
and the fire detection/suppressor control in the generator control panel
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Battery charger
A battery charger and batteries provide the DC supply. The supply is directed through a DC
distribution plate to the package systems.
AC supply to the battery charger is provided from the AC distribution panel.
Note: Off-skid MCC is provided for all on-skid and off-skid loads associated with
the Turbine Generator Package. Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation M & I
MCC Generator Control Documentation located in section M & I for more details.
AC Distribtuion Panel
The AC Distribution Panel is the source of the 120/240 volt power for the battery charger,
lighting, and for various space heaters located in the panels and motors.
Igniter Controller
The AC igniter controller provides the signals necessary to generate the high voltage necessary to
ignite the fuel-air mixture inside the turbine during the start procedure.
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General Description
The control module is housed within a cabinet that consists of a rack assembly mounted in a
hinged frame and terminal rails mounted on the inside faces of the cabinet side panels.
The operator/controls interface is through a remote panel PC and VDU with a touch screen.
Control Console
The features of the industrial-type panel PC that provide the control and monitoring user
interface include:
● Minimum processor capability of an Intel Celeron® 566MHz processor
● Installed memory of 128MB
● Minimum hard disk capacity of 10.2GB
● Video RAM of 4MB
● Horizontally mounted 3.5-inch floppy disk drive
● Horizontally mounted, 2X write speed rewriteable CD-ROM
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Operator Panel
This panel contains dedicated pushbuttons and status lamps to enable the operator to monitor
and control operation of the turbine and generator. Control mode and emergency lubrication oil
pump control selector switches are also mounted on the panel.
A fire break glass unit is placed on the left of the control panel and an emergency stop button is
placed on the right on the control panel.
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The modules are positioned in numbered slots, as shown in Table 1-5 and described in the
following paragraphs.
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● Turbine governing
● Turbine temperature control
● Turbine guide vane control
The controller interfaces with the on-skid fuel valve/guide vane control system through a
DeviceNet link. The interface to the ControlLogix Processor Module is provided over the chassis
backplane, with a DeviceNet scanner module interfacing with the on-skid Electronic Control Unit
(ECU) over DeviceNet.
Ethernet Module
The Ethernet module provides the gateway to the controller for the following components:
● Ethernet hub
● Remote station control system telemetry
● Programming and configuration software
DeviceNet Module
The DeviceNet module facilitates the connection of DeviceNet devices to the ControlLogix system.
The DeviceNet module is used primarily for connection to the on-skid ECU, which provides the
core controller functions. Any connection failure by a DeviceNet module with the controller in run
mode initiates a major fault on the controller.
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ControlNet System
The ControlNet system network provides fast and efficient gathering and control of I/O data from
the ControlNet nodes at predetermined intervals.
Gateway Module
Each ControlNet node has a Gateway module. This module forms the interface between the
ControlNet trunk cable and the I/O modules. Up to eight I/O modules can be “stacked” on to the
gateway module. The gateway module and the Flex I/O modules communicate with each other
through a FlexBus interface. The gateway module features a pair of thumbwheel switches that
are used to set the ControlNet address of the gateway. A network access port (NAP) allows a
handheld terminal to be connected to the network for diagnostic purposes. The gateway module
is dual-redundant and has two coaxial sockets, one for each bus.
I/O Modules
I/O modules include:
● Digital Output module with 24V DC 16 channel capacity
● Digital Input module with 24V DC 16 channel capacity
● Electronically Fused module at 24V DC
● Eight Relay Sink/Source modules
● Frequency module with two channels
● Thermocouple/RTD Analog Input module with 8 channels
● Isolated Analog module with 4 channels
Refer to the package maintenance manual for module use.
ControlNet Nodes
The ControlNet system I/O interfaces with the package systems through system nodes that are
configured for system control and monitoring.
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Overspeed Module
A dedicated, stand-alone overspeed module is located within the control cabinet. The input to
this module is directly fed from the package speed probes. The output is a relay contact that
breaks the emergency stop loop when turbine overspeed is detected. The module implements a
three channel voting system that prevents nuisance trips and requires two channels to detect
overspeed in order to trip the emergency stop loop. The module is also able to detect speed
probe open circuit and signal failure.
Fire Module
This software interface is provided so that the controller can determine the condition and status
of the fire and gas system and any alarms or trips annunciated. The fault status of the system is
also monitored by the controller.
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Framework Module
This module allows the controller to define and manage the hardware interface to the I/O
system, perform housekeeping functions, and allocate programs to their respective tasks.
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