Name: Diane April C.

Lofranco Code: GE8(10841)

GE 8 Prelim Exam June 11, 2021

1. Provide in-depth comparison and discussions about the significance of

Factual History and Speculative History in the analysis of a Historical
Phenomenon. Discuss Exhaustedly.

Based on what I have read and understood about what we have about history,
there are theories created by historians in investigating the history and these are
factual history and speculative history. I think we are familiar with the word "factual"
and it is composed of facts, evidence, and it is proven and real. Thus, factual history
is a type of history that is being characterized by having the facts or in short telling
the truth, also it answers the questions of what, when, and who. For example, "On
the evening of September 23, 1972, the late president Ferdinand Marcos appeared
on national television to formally announce that the Philippines was under Martial
Law". On the other hand, the word "speculative" consists of speculation, gossip,
rumor, and unfounded opinions. Thus, speculative history goes beyond facts
because it is concerned about the why and how it happened, It is more like a cause
and effect of an event. Moreover, speculative history describes the ideas that are
unproven or the ideas that are not being whole. For example, the story of General
Antonio Luna’s death. We all know that General Antonio Luna had a bad temper and
was constantly cursing people, but despite his demeanor, he was a very good man
who served his country. However, almost everyone dislikes him because of his bad
temper, with the exception of those who are loyal to him and truly know him well.
General Antonio Luna received a letter from Emilio Aguinaldo, according to the story.
Emilio Aguinaldo reportedly wants him to go to the capital to form a new cabinet. So,
after he arrived in the capital, it was so quiet, and Emilio Aguinaldo wasn't even
there; perhaps other soldiers with a grudge against him were present. He was
stabbed several times and shot multiple times. But the question is did they set up
General Antonio Luna? Who really killed him? Does Emilio Aguinaldo actually kill
him? Basically, the difference between them is just the factual history is the kind of
history that is having the proof while speculative history is when a history that has
happened is questionable or there are missing pieces.

2. Base on the document of Antonio Pigafetta relative to the Culture of the

early people in the Philippines. Provide Analytical Perspectives about the
status of Governance of the early natives in the Archipeago. Explain.

It only covers the two biggest groups of Filipino: the Tagalog and the Vizayans
from the earliest days of the Philippine race until 1521 when Magellan and his sailors
founded the Philippines. These communities have become civilized and cultivated
and the state of government in their early indigenous cultures has already
developed. The primordial tribes of the Philippines are Tagalog and Vizayan. The
Pigaffeta text states that they were originally from Malabar and Malacca coast,
where they were powered by small vessels under the piloting of the Dato or the Raja
chief. Moreover, when the tribes of Tagalog and Vizaya came, they had to deal with
the Aetas who had once dominated the lowlands. The Tagalog and Vizaya tribes
were divided into three categories: chiefs and nobles, commons, and slaves. Every
social group has its own identity, and the names vary by tribe. The Tagalog chief
was called Maguinao, the Manobos' chief was called Bagani, and the Bisayas' chief
was called Dato. The only recognized official and government offices were those of
the head chief.

3. Discuss the opposing arguments about the First Mass in the Philippine
Island using the Primary Document of Antonio Pigafetta. Masao or Limasawa.
Discuss and support your arguments.

The first Catholic Mass was said to have been held in the Philippines on
March 31, 1521. However, there is an issue in the area where it was celebrated. The
origins of Christianity in the Philippines are disputed, with some scholars claiming
that Massau and Masao are true Butuan sites. People like me, however, believed
that the first holy mass took place in Limasawa. In accordance with Pigafetta, an
eyewitness to Magellan's voyage, my original proof of my claim was that the
Philippines' first mass was held on Mazaua island. According to Pigafetta, they were
traveling west from Homonhon Island to Leyte Island before turning southwest to
reach the island. Pigafetta's counterpart in this geographical position is the island of
Limasawa.

In addition, Magellan hasn't met the king of Butuan. Pigafetta and Albo
reported meeting two chieftains, one from Mazauan and the other from Butuan, who
was said to be visiting the island. They had spent two years on Mazaua Island. He
claimed Magellan went to Butuan because the King is better in Butuan than they
expected. It was said that the king went above and beyond their expectations. As a
symbol of their future friendship, they planted a cross on a hill in a ceremonial
ceremony. The first mass in Francisco Colin's work was planting a cross on the
same day. In this case, I will follow the account of Pigafettas and Albo because they
are eyewitnesses and are known to be first-hand accounts. In comparison to the
arguments in the second-hand accounts, Pigafetta's work is the most detailed and
accurate source of knowledge on Magellan's quest. Seven days in Mazaua,
combined with other facts such as the Legazpi expedition's validation evidence,
leads me to believe that Limasawa is the original place of the Philippines' first mass.