Di

scr
eteSt
ruct
ureSol
vedMCQs

1)LetAandBbeanyt woar bi
traryevent
sthenwhi
ch
oneoft hefol
l
owingist r
ue?
1.P (Aint
ersect
ionB)=P( A).P(B)
2. P(Auni
onB)=P( A)+P( B)
3. P(AB)=P(Ainter
sectionB) .P(B)
4.P (Auni
onB)>=P( A)+P( B)

2)IfXandYbet hesets.Thent
heset(X-Y)uni
on(
Y
-X)uni on( Xintersect
ionY)isequalt
o?
1. Xu nionY
2. X  unionYc
c

3. Xi ntersecti
onY
4.X  intersect
ionYc
c

3)IfGi sanundir
ect
edpl
anergr
aphonnver
ti
ceswi
th
eedgest hen?
1.e <=n
2. e<=2n
3. e<=3n
 4. Noneoft
hese

4)Whi chofthef ol
l
owingstatementisf
alse?
1. Gi
sconnectedandiscircui
tl
ess
2. Gi
sconnectedandhasnedges
3. Gi
smini
mal l
yconnectedgraph
4.Gisci
rcuit
lessandhasn-1edges

 
5)Pr obabi
li
tythatt
worandomlysel
ect
edcardsf
rom
asetoft wor edandtwoblackcar
dsareofsame
coloris?
1.1 /2
2. 1/3
3. 2/3
4.No neofthese

 
6)Thenumberofcircui
tst
hatcanbecreat
edby
addi nganedgebet
weenanytwovert
icesi
natr
eei
s?
1.T wo
2. Exactl
yone
3. Atleastt
wo
4.No ne
7)Inat reebetweenever
ypai
rofver
ti
cest
her
eis?
1.E xactlyonepat
h
2. As elfl
oop
3. Twoci rcui
ts
4.nn umberofpaths

 
8)Themi ni
mum numberofcardstobedealtf
rom an
arbitrar
il
yshuff
leddeckof52cardst
oguaranteet
hat
threecar dsar
ef r
om somesamesuiti
s?
1.8
2. 3
3. 9
4.12

 
9)Cont extfreelanguagesarecl
osedunder?
1.u ni
on,i nter
secti
on
2. I
ntersection,complement
3. uni
on,kl eenestar
4.Co mpl ement,kleenestar

 
10)LetRbeasymmet r
icandtr
ansit
iverel
ati
onona
setA.Then?
1. Ri
sref
lexi
veandhenceapart
ialorder
2. Ri
sref
lexi
veandhenceanequival
encerelat
ion
 3.Risnotref
lexi
veandhencenotanequi
val
ence
r
elat
ion
4.Noneofabove

SET-2 
 
1
)Agr aphi sacoll
ect
ionof
...
.?
1.R owandcol umns
2. Verti
cesandedges
3. Equations
4.No neofthese
 
Expl
anat
ion:Agr
aphcont
ainst
heedgesandver
ti
ces

2)
 Thedegr eeofanyvert
exofgraphis...
.?
1.T henumberofedgesinci
dentwi
thvertex
2. Numberofver
texinagraph
3. Numberofver
ti
cesadjacentt
othatvertex
4.Nu mberofedgesinagraph

Expl
anation:Thenumberofedgesconnect
edonaver t
exvwi
th
thesel
floopcountedtwi
ceiscall
edthedegreeofver
tex.

3)Ifforsomeposit
iveint
egerk,degreeofver
tex
d(v)=kforever
yvertexvofthegraphG,thenGis
call
ed...?
 1
. Kgraph
2. K-r
egulargr
aph
3. Emptygraph
4.Allofabove
 
Explanat
ion:
 Agr aphi
nwhi
chal
lver
ti
cesar
eofequaldegr
eei
s
cal
ledregulargr
aph.

4)Agr aphwi thnoedgesi

sknownasempt
ygr
aph.
Empt ygraphi salsoknownas.
..?
1.T ri
vi
al graph
2. Regulargr aph
3. Bi
partitegraph
4.No neoft hese

Expl
anat
ion:Tr
ivi
algr
aphi
sthesecondnamef
orempt
ygr
aph.

5)Lengt hofthewalkofagr aphi

s. .
..?
1.T henumberofvert
icesinwalkW
2. Thenumberofedgesi nwal
kW
3. Tot
alnumberofedgesi nagr
aph
4.T ot
alnumberofverti
cesinagraph

Explanat
ion:
 Awalkisdef
inedasf
ini
teal
ter
ingsequenceof
vert
icesandedges.NoEdgesappearmorethanoncebutvert
ex
mayappearmor ethanonce.
6)Ift
heor
igi
nandt
ermi
nusofawal
kar
esame,t
hewal
kis
knownas.
..?
1
. Open
2. Cl
osed
3. Pat
h
4.No neoft
hese

Explanat
ion:
 Awalkwhi
ch beginsandendswi
thsamever
texi
s
cal
ledclosedwal
kother
wiseiti
sopen.

7)Agr aphGi scall

eda.
..
..i
fiti
saconnect
edacycl
i
c
graph?
1. Cycl
icgraph
2. Regulargraph
3. Tr
ee
4.No tagr aph

8)Eccentri
cit yofaver texdenotedbye(v)i
sdefi
ned
by...
.?
1. max{d(u, v) :ubel
ongst ov,udoesnotequal
tov:
whered(u, v)isthedist
ancebetweenu&v}
2. min{d(u,v) :ubelongstov,udoesnotequaltov}
3. BothAandB
4.No neofthese
 
Expl
anati
on: Theeccent
ri
cit
yE(v)ofaver
texVinthegr
aphi
s
thedi
stancefrom vt
othevertexf
art
hestf
rom vi
nG.

9)Radi
usofagr
aph,denot
edbyr
ad(
G)i
sdef
ined
by....?
1. max{e(
v):vbelongst oV}
2. mi
n{e(v):
 vbel ongstoV}
3. max{d(u,v):ubelongst
ov,udoesnotequaltov}
4.min{d(u,v):ubelongstov,udoesnotequal
tov}
 
Expl
anati
on:
 Thedi
ameterorradi
usofagraphGi
slar
gest
di
stancebet
weentwovert
icesint
hegraphG.

1
0)Thecomplet
egr
aphK,has.
..di
ff
erentspanni
ng
t
rees?
.n
n-2
1
2. n* n
3. n
n

4.n
2

 
SET-3

1
)At ourofGi sacl
osedwalkofgraphGwhich
i
ncl udeseveryedgeGatleastonce.A.
..
..t
ourofGis
at ourwhichincl
udesever
yedgeofGexactlyonce?
1. Hamil
toni
an
2. Pl
anar
3. I
somorphi
c
4.E ul
er

Expl
anati
on:Ifsomecl
osedwalkinagr
aphcont
ainsal
lthe
edgesthenthewalki
scall
edEuler
.
2)Whi choft hefol
l
owi
ngi
snotat
ypeofgr
aph?
1.E uler
2. Ha mi
ltonian
3. Tree
4.P ath
 
Explanat
ion:
Pat
hisawayf
rom onenodenoanot
herbutnota
graph.

3)Chooset hemostappr opr

iatedefi
nit
ionofpl
ane
graph?
1. Ag raphdrawni naplaneinsuchawayt hatany
pairofedgesmeetonl yatthei
rendverti
ces
2. Ag raphdrawni naplaneinsuchawayt hati
fthe
vertexsetofgraphcanbepar ti
ti
onedint
otwonon
-empt ydisjoi
ntsubsetXandYi nsuchawayt hat
eachedgeofGhasoneendi nXandoneendi nY.
3. As implegraphwhichisIsomorphictoHamil
toni
an
graph
4.No neofthese

.
4)Acont i
nuousnon-inter
secti
ngcur
vei
nthepl
ane
whoseor i
ginandter
minuscoinci
de?
1.P laner
2. Jordan
3. Ha mil
tonian
4.Al lofthese
Explanati
on:Thejordangraphist
hesetofallver
ti
cesof
minimum eccentri
cityt
hatist
hesetofallver
ti
cesAwheret
he
greatestdi
stancetootherver
texBisminimal.

5)Pol yhedralis.
..
.?
1. As i
mpleconnect edgraph
2. Ap l
anegr aph
3. Ag raphinwhicht hedegr
eeofever
yver
texand
everyfaceisatl
east3
4.Al l
ofabove

Expl
anati
on:Apolyhedr
algraphi
stheundi
rectedgraphf
ormed
fr
om thevert
icesandedgesofaconvexpolyhedr
on

6)Apathi
ngr
aphG,whi
chcont
ainsever
yver
texofGonceand
onl
yonce?
1
. Eul
art
our
2. Hamil
toni
anPat
h
3. Eul
artr
ail
4.Ha mil
toni
ant
our

Expl
anati
on:
AHami l
toni
ancircuiti
naconnect
edgraphi
s
defi
nedasaclosedwalkthattraver
seever
yvert
exofGexact
ly
onceexceptt
hestar
tingvert
ex.

7)Ami nimalspanningtreeofagr
aphGi
s..
..?
1. Aspanni
ngsubgr aph
2. At
ree
3. Mi
nimum weights
4.All
ofabove
Explanat
ion:Atreei
ssai
dtobespanni
ngtr
eeofconnect
ed
graphGi fi
tissubgr
aphofGandcontai
nsallt
hever
ti
cesofG.

8)At r
eehavi ngamainnode,whi
chhasno
predecessori s..
..?
1.S panningtree
2. Rootedtree
3. We i
ghtedtree
4.No neoft hese

Expl
anat
ion:
At r
eei nwhi
chonever
texdi
sti
ngui
shf
rom al
lot
her
i
scall
edrootedtree.

9)Di ameterofagr aphisdenot

edbydi
am(
G)i
s
def i
nedby....?
1. max(e(
v):vbel ongst
oV)
2. max(d(u,v))
3. Bot
hAandB
4.No neoft hese
 
Explanat
ion:Thediamet
erofagr
aphGi
slar
gestdi
stance
betweent wovert
icesi
nagraphG.
 
10)Avertexofagraphiscal
ledevenorodd
dependingupon?
.T
1 otalnumberofedgesinagraphi
sevenorodd
 2. Tot
alnumberofver
ti
cesi
nagr
aphi
sevenorodd
3. I
tsdegreei
sevenorodd
4.No neofthese

Expl
anat
ion:Thever
texofagr
aphi
scal
l
edevenoroddbased
onit
sdegree.

 
SET-4

1)LetAandBbeanyt woarbitraryevent
sthenwhi
ch
oneoft hefol
lowingistr
ue?
1.P (Aint
ersect
ionB)=P( A).P(B)
2. P(Auni
onB)=P( A)+P( B)
3. P(AB)=P(Ainter
secti
onB) .P(B)
4.P (Auni
onB)>=P( A)+P(B)
 
2)IfXandYbet hesets.Thent
heset(X-Y)uni
on(
Y
-X)uni on( Xintersect
ionY)isequalt
o?
1. Xu ni
onY
2. X  unionYc
c

3. Xi ntersecti
onY
4.X  intersect
ionYc
c

 
3)IfGi sanundir
ect
edpl
anergr
aphonnver
ti
ceswi
th
eedgest hen?
1.e <=n
2. e<=2n
 3.e<=3n
4.Noneoft
hese

 
4)Whi chofthef ol
l
owingstatementisf
alse?
1. Gi
sconnectedandiscircui
tl
ess
2. Gi
sconnectedandhasnedges
3. Gi
smini
mal l
yconnectedgraph
4.Gisci
rcuit
lessandhasn-1edges
 
5)Pr obabi
li
tythatt
worandomlysel
ect
edcardsf
rom
asetoft wor edandtwoblackcar
dsareofsame
coloris?
1.1 /2
2. 1/3
3. 2/3
4.No neofthese

 
6)Thenumberofcircui
tst
hatcanbecreat
edby
addi nganedgebet
weenanytwovert
icesi
natr
eei
s?
1.T wo
2. Exactl
yone
3. Atleastt
wo
4.No ne
 
7)Inat reebetweenever
ypai
rofver
ti
cest
her
eis?
1.E xactlyonepat
h
2. As elfl
oop
3. Twoci rcui
ts
4.nn umberofpaths
 
8)Themi ni
mum numberofcardstobedealtf
rom an
arbitrar
il
yshuff
leddeckof52cardst
oguaranteet
hat
threecar dsar
ef r
om somesamesuiti
s?
1.8
2. 3
3. 9
4.12

9)Cont extfreelanguagesarecl
osedunder?
1.u ni
on,i nter
secti
on
2. I
ntersection,complement
3. uni
on,kl eenestar
4.Co mpl ement,kleenestar

 
10)LetRbeasymmet r
icandtr
ansit
iverel
ati
onona
setA.Then?
1. Ri
sref
lexi
veandhenceapart
ialorder
2. Ri
sref
lexi
veandhenceanequival
encerelat
ion
 3.Risnotref
lexi
veandhencenotanequi
val
ence
r
elat
ion
4.Noneofabove

Di
scr
eteSt
ruct
ure[
MCQ'
s]
1.Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngbi
tsi
sthenegat
ionoft
hebi
ts“01
011
0”?
a)111
001
b)001001
c)101001
d)111
111

2.Whi
choft hef
oll
owi
ngopti
onissui
tabl
e,i
fAi
s“1
011
011
0”,B
i
s”11100000” andCis”1
0100000”?
a)C=AorB
b)C=~A
c)C=~B
d)C=AandB

3.How manybi
tsst
ri
ngofl
engt
h4ar
epossi
blesucht
hatt
heycont
ain2
onesand2zeroes?
a)4
b)2
c)5
d)6

4.I
fabitstr
ingcont
ains{
0,1
}onl
y,havingl
ength5hasnomor
ethan2
onesinit
.Thenhow manysuchbi
tstr
ingsarepossi
ble?
a)14
b)12
c)15
d)16

5.I
fAi s“001
100” andBi
s“01
0101
”thenwhati
stheval
ueofA(
Ex-or
)
B?
a)000000
b)111
111
c)001101
d)011001

6.TheEx-noroft
hisst
ri
ng“01
0101
01” wi
th“1
111
111
1”i
s?
a)10101010
b)00110100
c)01010101
d)10101001

7.
Whati stheone’scomplementofthi
sstri
ng“0101
0100”?
a)101
01 010
b)00110101
c)101
01 011
d)101
01 001
.
8.Whati st
he2’scomplementofthi
sstri
ng“0101
0100”?
a)101
01 010
b)00110100
c)101
01 100
d)101
01 001
9.I
finabi
tsst
ri
ngof{
0,1}
,oflengt
h4,suchthatnot
woonesar
etoget
her
.
Thenthet
otal
numberofsuchpossibl
est
ri
ngsare?
a)1
b)5
c)7
d)4

10.LetA:“01 0101
”,B=?,I f{A( Ex-or)B}isar esul
tantstr
ingofal
lones
thenwhi chofthefoll
owingstatementr egardi
ngBi scorrect?
a)Bi snegati
onofA
b)Bi s10101
0
c){A( and)B}isaresult
antstr
inghavingallzer
oes
d)Allofthement i
oned

11
.Whichofthefol
lowi
ngstatementi
sapr
oposi
ti
on?
a)Getmeagl assofmi
lkshake
b)Godblessyou!
c)Whatistheti
menow?
d)Theonlyoddpri
menumberi s2

12.
Thet r
uthval
ueof‘4+3=7or5i
snotpr
ime’.
a)False
b)True

.
13.
Whichofthefol
lowi
ngopt ionist
rue?
a)I
ftheSunisaplanet
,elephant swil
lfl
y
b)3+2=8i f5-2=7
c)1>3and3i saposit
iveinteger
d)-2>3or3i sanegativeinteger

Expl
anat
ion:Hypot
hesi
sisf
alse,t
hust
hewhol
est
atementi
str
ue.
14.
Whatistheval
ueofxaftert
hisstat
ement
,assumi
ngt
hei
nit
ialval
ueofx
i
s5?
‘Ifxequal
stoonethenx=x+2elsex=0’.
a)1
b)3
c)0
d)2

.
15.
LetP:Iam i nBangal
ore.
;Q:Ilovecricket
.;t
henq->p(
qimpl
i
esp)i
s?
a)IfIl
ovecrickett
henIam inBangalore
b)IfIam i
nBangal or
ethenIlovecri
cket
c)Iam notinBangalore
d)Ilovecr
icket

16.
LetP:IfSahi
lbowls,Saurabhhi
tsacentury.
;Q:I
fRaj
ubowls,Sahi
lget
s
outonfi
rstball
.Now ifPist
rueandQi sfal
sethenwhi
choft
hef ol
lowi
ng
canbetrue?
a)Raj
ubowl edandSahilgotoutonfi
rstbal
l
b)Raj
udidnotbowled
c)Sahi
lbowledandSaur abhhit
sacentury
d)Sahi
lbowledandSaur abhgotout

17.
Thet r
uthval
ue‘9i
spr
imet
hen3i
seven’.
a)False
b)True

18.
LetP:Iam i
nDelhi
.;Q:Delhii
sclean.
;thenq^p(
qandp)i
s?
a)Del
hiiscl
eanandIam inDelhi
b)Del
hiisnotcl
eanorIam inDelhi
c)Iam i
nDelhiandDelhii
snotcl
ean
d)Del
hiiscl
eanbutIam inMumbai

1
9.LetP:Thi
sisagreatwebsi
te,Q:Youshoul
dnotcomebackhere.Then
‘Thisisagreatwebsi
teandyoushouldcomebackher
e.’isbest
repr
esentedby?
a)~PV~Q
b)P ∧ ~Q
c)PVQ
d)P ∧ Q

20.LetP:Weshoul dbehonest.
,Q:Weshoul
dbededi cated.,R:Weshoul
d
beoverconfident
.Then‘Weshoul dbehonestordedicatedbutnot
overconfi
dent.’isbestr
epresent
edby?
a)~PV~QVR
b)P ∧ ~Q  ∧ R
c)PVQ  ∧  R
d)PVQ  ∧  ~R

21.
LetPandQbestatement
s,t
henP<->Qi
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o
__________
a)P<->~Q
b)~P<->Q
c)~P<->~Q
d)Noneofthement
ioned

22.
Whatisthenegat
ionoft
hest
atementA->(
Bv(
or)C)
?
a)A ∧  ∧ 
~B  ~C
b)A->B->C
c)~A ∧ BvC
d)Noneofthementi
oned

23.Thecompoundst at
ementA->(
A->B)i
sfal
se,t
hent
het
rut
hval
uesofA,
Bar erespect
ivel
y_________
a)T,T
b)F,T
c)T,F
d)F,F

24.
Thestat
ementwhi
chi
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val oA∧ (
entt and)Bi
s?
a)A->B
b)~A ∧ ~B
∧ 
c)A  ~B
d)~(A->~B)

25.LetP:Wegi veani
ceoveral
lsquadperf
ormance,Q:Wewillwi
nthe
mat ch.
Thent hesymbol i
cfor
m of“Wewi l
lwi
nthematchifandonl
yifwegivea
ni
ceover allsquadperf
ormance.“is?
a)PvQ
b)Q  ∧ P
c)Q<->P
d)~PvQ

26.LetP,Q,Rbet
rue,f
alset
rue,r
espect
ivel
y,whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
s
tr
ue?
a)P∧Q∧R
b)P∧~Q∧~R
c)Q->(P∧R)
d)P->(Q∧R)

.
27.“Matchwil
l beplayedonlyifi
tisnotahumi
dday.
” Thenegat
ionof
thi
sstat
ementis?
a)Matchwil
lbepl ayedbutiti
sahumi dday
b)Matchwil
lbepl ayedoriti
sahumi dday
c)All
ofthement i
onedstatementarecorr
ect
d)Noneofthement i
oned

28.Considerthefoll
owingstatement s.
A:Rajushouldexercise.
B:Rajuisnotadecentt abletennisplayer.
C:Rajuwant stoplaygoodt abletennis.
Thesymbol i
cf or
m of“Raj uisnotadecentt abl
etenni
splayerandi
fhe
wantstoplaygoodt abletennisthenheshouldexerci
se.
”i s?
a)A->B->C
b)B∧( C->A)
c)C->B∧A
d)B<->A∧C

29.Thestat
ement( ∧~Qi
~P<->Q) str
uewhen?
a)P:TrueQ:False
b)P:TrueQ:True
c)P:FalseQ:True
d)P:FalseQ:False

30.LetP,Q,Rbet
rue,f
alse,f
alse,r
espect
ivel
y,whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
s
tr
ue?
a)P∧( Q∧~R)
b)(P->Q)∧~R
c)Q<->(P∧R)
d)P<->(QvR)

31.
Whichofthefol
lowingst
atement
sist
henegat
ionoft
hest
atement
s“4
i
soddor-9i sposi
tive”?
a)4isevenor-9isnotnegat
ive
b)4isoddor-9isnotnegati
ve
c)4isevenand-9isnegati
ve
d)4isoddand-9isnotnegative

.
32.Whichofthefoll
owingrepresent
s:~A(
negat
ionofA)i
fAst
andsf
or“I
l
ikebadmintonbuthatemat hs”?
a)Ihat
ebadmi nt
onandmat hs
b)Idonotli
kebadmi nt
onormat hs
c)Idi
sl
ikebadmintonbutlovemat hs
d)Ihat
ebadmi nt
onorl i
kemat hs

33.Thecompoundst
at A∧ B)
ementAv~( .
a)True
b)Fal
se

Expl
anat
ion:Appl
yi
ngDe-Mor
gan’sl
aw wegetAv~AΞTaut
ology.

34.Whi
chofthefol
lowingisDe-Morgan’slaw?
a)P ∧ (
QvR)Ξ( P ∧  Q)v( ∧ 
P  R)
b)~( ∧ 
P  R)Ξ~Pv~R,~( PvR)Ξ~P  ∧ ~R
c)Pv~PΞTr ∧ 
ue,P  ~PΞFalse
d)Noneofthementioned

35.
Whati
sthedual A∧ B)v(
of( C∧ D)
?
a)(
AVB)v(CvD)
b)(
AVB)^( CvD)
c)(
AVB)v(C ∧ D)
d)(
A ∧ 
B)v(CvD)

36.
~Av~Bi sl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o?
a)~A → ~B
b)~A ∧ ~B
c)A → 
~B
d)BVA

Expl
anat
ion:Byi
dent
it
yA 
→ BΞ~AVB.

37.
Negat i
onofstatement(A∧ B)→ (
B∧ C)i
s_____________
a)(A ∧ B) 
→( ∧ 
~B  ~C)
b)~(A ∧ B)v(BvC)
c)~(A →B) →(~B ∧ C)
d)Noneoft hementioned

38.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngsat
isf
iescommut
ati
vel
aw?
a)∧
 
b)v
c) 
↔
d)All
oft
hement
ioned

39.I
fthet r
uthval ueofAvBi strue,t
hent
rut ueof~A∧ Bcanbe
hval
___________
a)TrueifAi sfalse
b)FalseifAi sfalse
c)FalseifBi str
ueandAi sf
alse
d)Noneoft hement ioned

40.I
fPisalwaysagainstt
hetest
imonyofQ,t
hent
hecompoundst
atement
P→(Pv~Q)i sa__________
a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adicti
on
c)Cont
ingency
d)Noneoft hementi
oned

41.Acompoundpr
oposi
ti
ont
hati
sal
ways___________i
scal
l
eda
taut
ology.
a)True
b)False

42.Acompoundpr
oposi
ti
ont
hati
sal
ways___________i
scal
l
eda
contradi
cti
on.
a)True
b)False

43.I
fAi
sanyst
atement
,thenwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sat
aut
ology?
a)A ∧ 
F
b)A ∨ 
F
c)A ∨ 
¬A
d)A ∧ 
T
45.I
fAisanyst
atement
,thenwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotacont
radi
cti
on?
a)A ∧ 
¬A
b)A ∨ F
c)A ∧ 
F
d)Noneofmenti
oned

46.Acompoundproposi
ti
ont
hati
snei
therat
aut
ologynoracont
radi
cti
on
i
scall
eda___________
a)Conti
ngency
b)Equi
valence
c)Condi
tion
d)I
nfer
ence

46.¬(A∨ q)∧ ( A∧ q)isa___________

a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adicti
on
c)Conti
ngency
d)Noneoft hement
ioned

Expl
anati
on:
 ≡ 
( ∧ 
¬A  ¬q)
 ∧ 
( ∧ 
A  q)
≡ ( ∧ 
¬A  A)
 ∧ ( ∧ 
¬q  q)
≡ F ∧ F ≡ 
F.

47.A∨ ¬A)∨ (
( q∨ T)isa__________
a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adicti
on
c)Cont
ingency
d)Noneoft hement
ioned

Expl
anati
on:
 ≡ 
( ∨ 
A  ¬A)
 ∨ 
( ∨ 
q  T)
≡  ∨ 
T  T 
≡ T.
48.A∧ ¬(A∨ (
A∧ T)
)isal
ways__________
a)True
b)False

Expl
anati
on:
 ≡ A ∧ 
¬( ∨ 
A  (
A ∧ 
T))
≡ A ∧ ¬( ∨ 
A  A)
≡ A ∧ ¬A ≡ F.

49.A∨ F)∨ (
( A∨ T)i
sal
ways_________
a)True
b)False

Expl
anati
on:
 ≡ 
( ∨ 
A  F)
 ∨ 
( ∨ 
A  T)
≡ A ∨ T ≡ 
T.

50.A→ (A∨ q)i sa__________

a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adicti
on
c)Cont
ingency
d)Noneoft hementi
oned

Expl
anati
on:
 ≡ 
A → 
( ∨ 
A  q)
≡ ¬A ∨ ( ∨ 
A  q)
≡ ( ∨ 
A  ¬A)
 ∨ q
≡ T ∨ q ≡ 
T.

51.
Thecontraposi
ti
veofp→ qi
sthepr
oposi
ti
onof____________
a)¬p → ¬q
b)¬q → ¬p
c)q → p
d)¬q → p
52.Thei
nverseofp→ qi
sthepr
oposi
ti
onof____________
a)¬p → ¬q
b)¬q → ¬p
c)q → p
d)¬q → p

53.Theconver
seofp→ qi
sthepr
oposi
ti
onof_______________
a)¬p → ¬q
b)¬q → ¬p
c)q → p
d)¬q → p

54.Whatisthecont rapositiveofthecondi ti
onalst
atement?“Thehome
team misseswheneveri ti
sdr izzl
ing?”
a)Ifi
tisdri
zzl
i
ng,t henhomet eam mi sses
b)Ift
hehomet eam mi sses,theni ti
sdr i
zzl
ing
c)Ifi
tisnotdr
izzli
ng,thent hehomet eam doesnotmisses
d)Ift
hehomet eam wins,t heni ti
snotdr i
zzli
ng

Expl
anat
ion:qwheneverpcont
raposi
ti
vei
s¬q 
→ ¬p.

55.
Whati stheconverseoftheconditi
onalst
atement“I fi
ticestoday,Iwil
l
pl
ayicehockeyt omorrow.”
a)“Iwill
playicehockeytomorrow onlyi
fiti
cestoday.
”
b)“IfIdonotplayicehockeytomor r
ow,thenitwil
lnozhaveicedtoday.”
c)“Ifi
tdoesnoti cet
oday,thenIwill
notplayicehockeytomorrow.”
d)“Iwillnotpl
ayicehockeytomorrow onlyi
fiti
cestoday.”

Expl
anat
ion:I
fp,t
henqhasconver
seq 
→ p.

56.
Whatar et
hecont raposi
ti
veoft
heconditi
onalst
atement“Icomet
o
cl
asswheneverthereisgoingtobeatest
.”
a)“IfIcometoclass,thenther
ewil
lbeatest.
”
b)“I
fIdonotcometocl
ass,t
hent herewil
lnotbeatest
.”
c)“I
fther
eisnotgoi
ngt
obeat est
,thenIdon’tcometoclass.
”
d)“I
fther
eisgoingt
obeatest,thenIdon’tcometoclass.
”

Expl
anat
ion:qwheneverp,hascont
raposi
ti
ve¬q 
→ ¬p.
.

57.
Whataret heinverseofthecondi t
ionalstat
ement“ Aposi ti
veinteger
i
sacomposi teonlyifithasdivi
sorsotherthan1andi tsel
f .
”
a)“Apositi
veintegerisacomposi teifithasdivi
sorsothert han1andi tsel
f.
”
b)“Ifaposit
ivei
ntegerhasnodi vi
sorsotherthan1andi tself,t
henitisnot
composi
te.”
c)“Ifaposit
ivei
ntegeri snotcomposi t
e,thenithasnodi visorsotherthan1
andit
sel
f.
”
d)Noneofthement ioned

Expl
anat
ion:ponl
yifqhasi
nver
se¬p 
→ ¬q.

58.Whataretheconver seoftheconditi
onal stat
ement“WhenRajstayup
l
ate,i
tisnecessar
yt hatRajsleepunti
lnoon. ”
a)“IfRajstayuplate,thenRajsl
eepunt i
lnoon. ”
b)“IfRajdoesnotst ayuplate,t
henRajdoesnotsl eepunt
ilnoon.
”
c)“IfRajdoesnotsleepunt i
lnoon,t
henRajdoesnotst ayuplate.
”
d)“IfRajsl
eepunt i
lnoon,thenRajstayupl ate.”

Expl
anat
ion:Necessar
ycondi
ti
onf
orpi
sqhasconver
seq 
→ p.

60.Whatar
ethecont r
aposi
tiveoft heconditi
onal st
atement“Medihawi
l
l
fi
ndadecentj
obwhenshel abourhar d.”?
a)“IfMedhalabourhard,t
henshewi ll
findadecentj ob.
”
b)“IfMedhawillnotf
indadecentj ob,thenshenotl abourhard.
”
c)“IfMedhawillfi
ndadecentj ob,thenshel abourhard.
”
d)“IfMedhanotlabourhard,thenshewi l
lnotfi
ndadecentj ob.
”
Expl
anat
ion:Thest
atementqwhenphasi
tscont
raposi
ti
veas¬q 
→ ¬p.

61.
Whatar etheinverseoft hecondit
ionalstatement“Ifyoumakeyour
notes,itwi
l
lbeaconveni enti nexams.”
a)“I fyoumakenot es,t
heni twil
lbeaconveni enti
nexams.”
b)“I fyoudonotmakenot es,theni
twillnotbeaconvenienti
nexams.”
c)“I fi
twil
lnotbeaconveni enti
nexams,t henyoudidnotmakeyour
not
es. ”
d)“I fi
twil
lbeaconveni entinexams,thenyoumakeyournot es

Expl
anat
ion:I
fpt
henqhasi
nver
se¬p 
→ ¬q.

62.Thecompoundpr oposi
ti
onspandqar
ecal
l
edl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
enti
f
________i sat
aut
ology.
a)p ↔  q
b)p →  q
c)¬( p ∨ q)
d)¬p  ∨ ¬q

63.p→ qislogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)¬p ∨ ¬q
b)p ∨ ¬q
c)¬p ∨ q
d)¬p ∧ q

Expl
anat
ion:(
p → 
q) 
↔ ( ∨ 
¬p  q)i
staut
ology.

64.p∨ qislogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)¬q → ¬p
b)q → p
c)¬p → ¬q
d)¬p → q
Expl
anat
ion:(
p ∨ 
q) 
↔ (
¬p 
→ q)i
staut
ology.

65.¬(
p↔ q)i
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)q↔p
b)p↔¬q
c)¬p↔¬q
d)¬q↔¬p

Expl
anat
ion:¬(
p↔q)
↔(p↔¬q)i
staut
ology.

p∧ qi
66. sl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)¬(p 
→ ¬q)
b)(
p → ¬q)
c)(
¬p → ¬q)
d)(
¬p → q)

Expl
anat
ion:(
p ∧ 
q) 
↔ (
¬(p 
→ ¬q)
)ist
aut
ology.

67.
Whi chofthef oll
owingst
atementi
scor
rect
?
a)p ∨ q ≡ q ∨ p
b)¬(p ∧ q) 
≡  ¬p ∨  ¬q
c)( ∨ 
p  q)
 ∨  r
 ≡  ∨ 
p  (
q ∨ r
)
d)Allofmenti
oned

68.
p↔ qislogical
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)(
p → 
q) 
→  (
q  → p)
b)(
p → 
q)∨ 
  (q → p)
c)(
p → 
q)∧ 
  (q → p)
d)(
p ∧ 
q) 
→  (q ∧ p)

Expl
anat
ion:(
p ↔ 
q) 
↔ (
(p 
→ q)
 ∧ 
(q 
→ p)
)ist
aut
ology.
70.
(p→ q)∧ (p→ r
)isl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)p 
→ ( ∧ 
q  r)
b)p → 
( ∨ 
q  r)
∧ 
c)p  ( ∨ 
q  r)
d)p ∨ 
( ∧ 
q  r)

Expl
anat
ion:(
(p 
→ q)
 ∧ 
(p 
→ r
)) 
↔ (
p → 
( ∧ 
q  r
))i
staut
ology.

1
21. Thecompl
etegr
aphwi
thf
ourver
ti
ceshaskedgeswher
eki
s:
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 6

22. Whi
1 cht
wooft
hef
oll
owi
ngar
eequi
val
entf
oranundi
rect
edgr
aphG?

(
i)Gisatr
ee
(
ii
)Ther
eisatleastonepathbet
weenanytwodi
sti
nctver
ti
cesofG
(
ii
i)Gcont
ainsnocyclesandhas(n-1
)edges
(
iv)Ghasnedges
a. (
i)and(
ii
)
b. (
i)and(
ii
i)
c. (
i)and(
iv)
d. (
ii
)and(
ii
i)
23. Ar
1 elat
ionRi
n{1
,2,
3,4,
5,6}i
sgi
venby{
(1,
2),
(2,
3),
(3,
4),
(4,
4),
(4,
5)}
.Thi
srel
ati
oni
s:
a. r
efl
exi
ve
b. symmet
ri
c
c. t
ransi
ti
ve
d. notr
efl
exi
ve,notsymmet
ri
candnott
ransi
ti
ve

24. Thesetofposi
1 ti
vei
nteger
sundert
heoper
ati
onofor
dinar
ymul
ti
pli
cat
ioni
s:
a. notamonoi
d
b. notagr
oup
c. agr
oup
d. anAbel
i
angr
oup

25. I
1 nasetof8posi
ti
veint
eger
s,t
her
eal
waysexi
stsapai
rofnumber
shavi
ngt
hesame
r
emai
nderwhendivi
dedby:
a. 7
b. 1
1
c. 1
3
d. 1
5

26. Aboxcont
1 ainssi
xredbal
lsandfourgr
eenbal
l
s.Fourbal
l
sar esel
ect
edatrandom f
ro
t
hebox.Whatist
heprobabi
li
tyt
hattwooft
hesel
ectedball
sareredandt
woar egree
a. 3/
7
b. 4/
7
c. 5/
7
d. 6/
7

27. Thenumberofedgesi
1 nacompl
etegr
aphwi
th‘n’ ver
ti
cesi
sequal
to:
a. n(
n-1
)
b. n(
n-1
)/2
c. n^2
d. 2n-1

28. Dept
1 hiont
ravel
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngdi
rect
edgr
aphi
s:
a. ABCDEF
b. ABDEFC
c. ACEBDF
d. Noneoft
heabove

29. I
1 f(a^2−b^2)i
sapr
imenumberwher
eaandbϵ
N,t
hen:
a. a^2−b^2=3
b. a^2−b^2=a−b
c. a^2−b^2=a+b
d. a^2−b^2=5
30. Foracompl
1 etegr
aphwi
thNver
ti
ces,t
het
otal
numberofspanni
ngt
reesi
sgi
venby:
a. 2N-1
b. N^(
N-1
)
c. N^(
N-2)
d. 2N+1

Domai
nandRangeofFunct
ions

1
.Whati st
hedomai nofaf unct
ion?
a)themaximalsetofnumbersf orwhichafuncti
oni
sdef i
ned
b)themaxi
mal setofnumberswhi chafuncti
oncantakevalues
c)i
tisasetofnaturalnumber
sf orwhi
chaf unct
ioni
sdefi
ned
d)noneofthement i
oned

2.Whati
sdomai
noffunct
ionf
(x)
=x1/2?
a)(
2,∞)
b)(
-∞,1)
c)[
0,∞)
d)Noneoft
hement
ioned

Expl
anat
ion:Asquar
erootf
unct
ioni
snotdef
inedf
ornegat
iver
eal
number
s.
3.Whatistherangeofafuncti
on?
a)themaximalsetofnumbersforwhi
chafuncti
onisdefi
ned
b)themaximalsetofnumberswhichafuncti
oncantakevalues
c)i
tissetofnatur
alnumbersforwhi
chafuncti
onisdef
ined
d)noneofthement i
oned

.
4.Whatisdomai
noffunct
ionf
(x)=x-1 
fori
ttobedef
inedever
ywher
eon
domain?
a)(
2,∞)
b)(
-∞,∞)– { 0}
c)[
0,∞)
d)Noneofthement
ioned

5.Therangeoff
unct
ionf
(x)=si
n(x)i
s(-∞,∞)
.
a)True
b)False

6.Codomai
nist
hesubsetofr
ange.
a)True
b)False

7.Whatisr
angeoff
uncti
onf
(x)=x-1 
whi
chi
sdef
inedever
ywher
eoni
ts
domain?
a)(
-∞,∞)
b)(
-∞,∞)– { 0}
c)[
0,∞)
d)Noneofthement
ioned

8.I
ff(
x)=2x t
henr angeofthef
unct
ioni
s?
a)(
-∞,∞)
b)(
-∞,∞)– { 0}
c)(
0,∞)
d)Noneofthement ioned

9.I
ff(
x)=x2 
+4t
henr
angeoff
(x)i
sgi
venby?
a)[
4,∞)
b)(
-∞,∞)– {0}
c)(
0,∞)
d)Noneoft
hement
ioned

10.Letf(
x)=si
n2(
x)+l
og(
x)t
hendomai
noff
(x)i
s(-∞,∞)
.
a)True
b)False

Set
s
1.A__________i
sanor
der
edcol
l
ect
ionofobj
ect
s.
a)Relat
ion
b)Functi
on
c)Set
d)Proposi
ti
on

2.ThesetOofoddposi
ti
vei
nteger
slesst
han1
0canbeexpr
essedby
_____________
a){1
,2,3}
b){1,3,5,7,9}
c){1
,2,5,9}
d){1,5,7,9,11
}

3.Powersetofempt
ysethasexact
ly_________subset
.
a)One
b)Two
c)Zer
o
d)Thr
ee

4.Whati stheCartesianproductofA={
1,2}andB={
a,b}
?
a){
(1,a),(1,b)
,(2,a),(b,b)}
b){
(1,1)
,( 2,2)
,(a,a),(b,b)}
c){
(1,a)
,( 2,a)
,(1,b),(2,b)}
d){
(1,1)
,( a,a)
,(2,a),(1,b)
}

5.TheCart
esi
anPr
oductBxAi
sequal
tot
heCar
tesi
anpr
oductAxB.
a)True
b)False

Explanation:LetA={ 1,2}andB={a,b}.TheCart
esianpr
oductAxB=
{(1
,a) ,(1
,b),(2,a)
,(2,b)}andt
heCartesi
anproductBxA={ (a,1
),(
a,2)
,
(b,1),(b,2)}
.Thisisnotequalt
oAxB.

6.Whati
sthecar
dinal
i
tyoft
hesetofoddposi
ti
vei
nteger
slesst
han1
0?
a)10
b)5
c)3
d)20

Expl
anati
on:SetSofoddposit
iveanoddi
ntegerl
esst
han1
0is{
1,3,5,7,9}
.
Then,Cardi
nal
it
yofsetS=|S|whichi
s5.

7.Whi
choft hefol
l
owingtwosetsar
eequal
?
a)A={1,2}andB={ 1
}
b)A={1,2}andB={ 1
,2,3}
c)A={1,2,3}andB={ 2,1,3}
d)A={1,2,4}andB={ 1,2,3}

Expl
anat
ion:Twosetar
eequal
ifandonl
yift
heyhavet
hesameel
ement
s.
8.Thesetofposi
ti
vei
nteger
sis_____________
a)Infi
nit
e
b)Fini
te
c)Subset
d)Empt y
.

9.Whati
stheCar
dinal
i
tyoft
hePowersetoft
heset{
0,1
,2}
?
a)8
b)6
c)7
d)9

Expl
anati
on:PowersetP({
0,1,2})i
sthesetofall
subset
sof{
0,1
,2}
.Hence,
P({
0,1,2}
)={ nul
l
,{0}
,{1
},{
2},{0,1}
,{0,
2},{
1,2}
,{0,1
,2}}
.

10.Themember softhesetS={ x|xi

sthesquar
eofani
ntegerandx<1
00}
i
s________________
a){0,2,4,5,9,58,49,56,99,1 2}
b){0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81 }
c){1,4,9,16,25,36,64,81,85,99}
d){0,1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,121}

Logi
cs– Logi
calEqui
val
ences

1.Thecompoundproposi
ti
onspandqar
ecal
l
edl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
enti
f
________i
sataut
ology.
a)p↔ q
b)p→ q
 p∨ q)
c)¬(
d)¬p∨ ¬q

2.p→ qi
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)¬p∨ ¬q
b)p∨ ¬q
c)¬p∨ q
d)¬p∧ q

3.p∨ qi
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)¬q→ ¬p
b)q→ p
c)¬p→ ¬q
d)¬p→ q

4.¬(p↔ q)i
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)q↔p
b)p↔¬q
c)¬p↔¬q
d)¬q↔¬p

5.p∧ qi
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)¬(p→ ¬q)
b)(
p→ ¬q)
c)(
¬p→ ¬q)
d)(
¬p→ q)
.

6.Whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atementi
scor
rect
?
a)p∨ q≡ q∨ p
b)¬(p∧ q)≡ ¬p∨ ¬q
c)(
p∨ q)∨ r≡ p∨ (q∨ r
)
d)Al
lofmenti
oned
.
7.p↔ qisl
ogical
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)(p→ q)→ (
q→ p)
b)(p→ q)∨ (q→ p)
c)(
p→ q)∧ (
q→ p)
d)(
p∧ q)→ (
q∧ p)

p→ q)∧ (
8.( p→ r
)isl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)p→ (
q∧ r
)
b)p→ (
q∨ r
)
c)p∧ (
q∨ r
)
d)p∨ (
q∧ r
)

9.( )∨ (
p→ r q→ r
)isl
ogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)(
p∧ q)∨ r
b)(
p∨ q)→ r
c)(
p∧ q)→ r
d)(
p→ q)→ r

10.¬(
p↔ q)i
slogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entt
o________
a)p↔ ¬q
b)¬p↔ q
c)¬p↔ ¬q
d)¬q↔ ¬p
.
 Gr
aphsPr
oper
ti
es

1.I
na7-nodedi
rect
edcycl
i
cgr
aph,t
henumberofHami
l
toni
ancycl
eist
o
be______
a)728
b)450
c)360
d)260

2.I
feachandeveryver
texinGhasdegr
eeatmost23t
henGcanhavea
ver
texcol
our
ingof__________
a)24
b)23
c)176
d)54
.

3.Tr
ianglef r
eegraphshavet
hepr
oper
tyofcl
i
quenumberi
s__________
a)l
esst han2
b)equal t
o2
c)greaterthan3
d)mor ethan1 0

4.Bergegr aphissimi
lart
o______duet
ost
rongper
fectgr
apht
heor
em.
a)l
inegr aph
b)perfectgraph
c)bargraph
d)tr
ianglefreegraph

5.LetDbeasi mpl
egraphon1 0ver
ti
cessuchthatther
eisavertexof
degree1,avert
exofdegree2,avert
exofdegree3,aver t
exofdegree4,a
vert
exofdegree5,avert
exofdegree6,avert
exofdegr ee7,avertexof
degree8andavertexofdegree9.Whatcanbet hedegreeofthelast
vert
ex?
a)4
b)0
c)2
d)5

6.A______i sagraphwhichhast
hesamenumberofedgesasit
s
complementmusthavenumberofverti
cescongr
uentt
o4m or4m modul
o
4(f
orint
egralval
uesofnumberofedges).
a)Subgraph
b)Hamilt
oniangraph
c)Eul
ergraph
d)Sel
fcompl ementarygr
aph

7.I
na______t hevert
exsetandt
heedgesetar
efi
nit
eset
s.
a)fi
nitegraph
b)bi
par ti
tegraph
c)i
nfinit
egr aph
d)connect edgraph
.
8.I
fGi st
hef orestwi
th54vert
icesand1
7connect
edcomponent
s,Ghas
_______tot
al numberofedges.
a)38
b)37
c)17/
54
d)17/
53

9.Thenumberofedgesi
nar
egul
argr
aphofdegr
ee46and8ver
ti
cesi
s
____________
a)347
b)230
c)184
d)186

Expl
anat
ion:I
nacompl etegraphwhi
chis(n-1
)regul
ar(
wher enist
he
numberofvert
ices)hasedgesn*(
n-1)
/2.I
nthegraphnvert
icesare
adj
acentton-1verti
cesandanedgecontr
ibut
estwodegreesodividi
ngby
2.Hence,i
nadr
egul
argr
aphnumberofedgeswi
l
lben*
d/2=46*
8/2=1
84.

10.AnundirectedgraphGhasbitst
ri
ngsoflength100i
nit
svert
icesand
ther
ei sanedgebet weenvert
exuandvert
exvi fandonl
yifuandvdiff
eri
n
exactlyonebitposi
ti
on.Det
erminet
herat
ioofthechromati
cnumberofGt o
thediameterofG?
a)1/2101
b)1/50
c)1/100
d)1/20

Expl
anat
ion:Forthegi
vencondit
ionwecansi mplydesignaK-Mapand
markanedgebet weenever
yt woadjacentcell
sinK-map.Hence,t
hatwil
l
gi
veusaBi part
it
egraphandchromaticnumberf ort
his=2.Hencether
ati
o
i
s2/n=2/
1 00=1
/50andthegivengraphisactual
lyahypercubegr
aph.

Funct
ions

1.Afuncti
onissai
dtobe______________i
fandonl
yiff
(a)=f
(b)i
mpl
i
es
thata=bf oral
laandbint
hedomai noff.
a)One-to-many
b)One-to-one
c)Many-to-many
d)Many-to-one
.
2.Thefunct
ionf
(x)
=x+1f
rom t
hesetofi
nteger
stoi
tsel
fisont
o.I
sitTr
ueor
Fal
se?
a)True
b)False
.
ueof⌊
3.Theval 1/2.
⌊5/
2⌋⌋i
s______________
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)0.
5

Expl
anat
i ueof⌊
on:Theval 5/2⌋i
s2so,t
heval
ueof⌊
1/2.
2⌋i
s1.

4.Whichofthef
oll
owi
ngf
unct
ionf
:ZXZ→ Zi
snotont
o?
a)f
(a,b)=a+b
b)f
(a,b)=a
c)f
(a,b)=|b|
d)f
(a,b)=a– b

5.Thedomainoft
hefuncti
ont
hatassi
gntoeachpai
rofi
nteger
sthe
maximum oft
hesetwoint
eger
sis___________
a)N
b)Z
c)Z +

d)Z+ XZ+

6.Letfandgbethefunct
ionf
rom t
hesetofint
eger
stoit
sel
f,defi
nedbyf (
x)
=2x+1andg( x)=3x+4.Thenthecomposit
ionoffandgis____________
a)6x+9
b)6x+7
c)6x+6
d)6x+8

7.__________byt
esar
erequi
redt
oencode2000bi
tsofdat
a.
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)8
Expl
anat
ion:Twobyt
esar
er equir
edtoencode2000(
act
ual
l
ywi
th2byt
es
youcanencodeuptoandincludi
ng65,
535.

8.Thei nverseoff unct

ionf
(x)=x3 
+2i
s____________
a)f 
-1
(
 
y)=(y– 2)  
1/2

b)f 
-1
(
 
y)=(y– 2)  
1/3

c)f 
-1
(
 
y)=(y) 
1/3

d)f (
 
-1 
y)=(y– 2)

9.Thefunct
ionf
(x)=x3 
isbi
j
ect
ionf
rom Rt
oR.I
sitTr
ueorFal
se?
a)True
b)False

1
0.Theg (
-1
{
0})f
ort
hef
unct
iong(
x)=⌊
x⌋i
s___________
a){
x|0≤ x<1}
b){
x|0<x≤ 1}
c){
x|0<x<1}
d){
x|0≤ x≤ 1
}
.

Logi
cs– Nest
edQuant
if
ier
s

1.LetQ(x,y)denot
e“M +A=0.” Whati
sthet
rut
hval
ueoft
he
quanti
fi
cations∃A∀M Q(
M,A)
.
a)Tr
ue
b)Fal
se

Expl
anat
ion:ForeachAther
eexi
stonlyoneM,becauset
her
eisnor
eal
numberAsucht hatM +A=0foral
lrealnumber
sM.

2.Transl
ate∀x∃y(x<y)inEngli
sh,consideri
ngdomai nasar ealnumberf or
boththevari
able.
a)Forallr
ealnumberxthereexi
stsar ealnumberysucht hatxislessthany
b)Foreveryrealnumberyther
eexistsar ealnumberxsucht hatxisless
thany
c)Forsomer ealnumberxther
eexist
sar eal
numberysucht hatxisless
thany
d)Foreachandever yr
ealnumberxandysucht hatxi
slessthany

3.“Thepr
oductoft
wonegat
ivereal
number
sisnotnegat
ive.
”Isgi
venby?
a)∃x∀y((
x<0)∧ ( y<0)→ (xy>0) )
b)∃x∃y(
(x<0)∧ (y<0)∧ (
xy>0))
c)∀x∃y(
(x<0)∧ (y<0)∧ (xy>0)
)
d)∀x∀y((x<0)∧ (
y<0)→ (xy>0))

4.LetQ(x,y)bethest
atement“x+y=x−y. ”I ft
hedomainforbot
h
vari
abl
esconsist
sofalli
nteger
s,whati
sthet
rut
hvalueof∃xQ(
x,4).
a)True
b)False

5.LetL(
x,y)bethestat
ement“xl
ovesy,” wher
et hedomainforbot
hx
andyconsist
sofallpeopl
eint
hewor
ld.Usequanti
fier
stoexpr
ess,“Joyi
s
l
ovedbyeveryone.”
a)∀xL(x,Joy)
b)∀yL(Joy,y)
c)∃y∀xL(x,y)
d)∃x¬L(Joy,x)
.

6.LetT(
x,y)meant
hatst
udentxl
i
kesdi
shy,wher
ethedomai
nforx
consi
stsofallst
udentsatyourschool andthedomai nforyconsist
sofal
l
di
shes.Express¬T( Amit
,SouthIndian)byasi mpleEngli
shsentence.
a)All
studentsdoesnotli
keSout hIndiandishes.
b)Amitdoesnotl i
keSouthIndianpeople.
c)Amitdoesnotl i
keSouthIndiandishes.
d)Amitdoesnotl i
kesomedi shes.
.
7.Express,“Thedif
fer
enceofar
eal
numberandi
tsel
fiszer
o” usi
ng
requi
redoperator
s.
a)∀x (
x−x!=0)
b)∀x(x−x=0)
c)∀x∀y(x−y=0)
d)∃x(
x−x=0)

8.Usequanti
fi
ersandpredicateswi
thmorethanonevari
abl
etoexpr
ess,
“Ther ei
sapupilint
hisl
ecturewhohastakenatl
eastonecour
sein
Discr
eteMaths.”
a)∃x∃yP(x,y),whereP( x,y)is“xhast akeny,
”t hedomainforx
consi
stsofallpupilinthi
sclass,andt hedomainforyconsi
stsofall
Discr
eteMathsl ectures
b)∃x∃yP(x,y),wher eP( x,y)i
s“xhast akeny,”thedomai nforx
consi
stsofal
lDiscreteMathslect
ures,andthedomai
nforyconsi
stsofal
l
pupi
li
nthi
scl
ass
c)∀x∀yP(
x,y),wher
eP(
x,y)i
s“xhast
akeny,
”thedomai
nforx
consi
stsofallpupil
inthisclass,andt
hedomainforyconsi
stsofal
l
Discr
eteMat hslect
ures
d)∃x∀yP(x,y),whereP( x,y)is“xhastakeny,
”t hedomainforx
consi
stsofallpupil
inthisclass,andt
hedomainforyconsi
stsofal
l
Discr
eteMat hslect
ures

9.Det
ermi
net
het
rut ueof∃n∃m(
hval n+m =5∧ n−m =2)i
fthe
domai nforal
lvar
iabl
esconsi
stsofal
li
nteger
s.
a)True
b)False
1
0.Fi
ndacount
er eof∀x
exampl ∀y(
xy>y)
,wher
ethedomai
nforal
l
var
iabl
esconsi
stsofall
int
egers.
a)x=-1,y=1 7
b)x=-2y=8
c)Bothx=-1,y=1 7andx=-2y=8
d)Doesnothaveanycounterexampl
e

Set
s– VennDi
agr
am

1
.Theshadedar
eaoff
igur
eisbestdescr
ibedby?

a)A∩ B
b)AUB
c)A
d)B
.

2.Theshadedar
eaoff
igur
eisbestdescr
ibedby?

a)A‘ (
Compl
ementofA)
b)AUB-B
c)A∩ B
d)B
.
3.I
fn(A)
=20andn(
B)=30andn(
AUB)=40t
henn(
A∩ B)i
s?
a)20
b)30
c)40
d)10

Expl
anat
ion:n(
AUB)=n(
A)+n(
B)– n(
A∩ B)
.

4.Theshadedar
eaoff
igur
eisbestdescr
ibedby?

a)A‘ (
ComplementofA)
b)B– (A∩ B)– (
C∩ B)
c)A∩ C∩ B
d)B’ (
ComplementofB)

5.Therelat
ionbet
weensetsA,B,Casshownbyvenndi
agr
am i
s
__________
a)AissubsetofBandBi ssubsetofC
b)CisnotasubsetofAandAi ssubsetofB
c)CissubsetofBandBi ssubsetofA
d)Noneoft hementi
oned

6.LetA:Allbadmintonplayeraregoodspor t
sperson.
B:All
personwhopl ayscri
cketaregoodspor t
sperson.
LetXdenot essetofallbadmintonplayers,Yofallcricketplayer
s,Zofal
l
goodsportsperson.Thenwhi chofthef ol
lowingstatement siscorr
ect
?
a)ZcontainsbothXandY
b)ZcontainsXandYi soutsi
de
c)XcontainsYandZ
d)Noneoft hement ioned
7.I
fn( A)
=1 0,n(
B)=30,n(
C)=50andi
fsetA,B,Car
epai
rwi
sedi
sj
ointt
hen
whichoft hefol
lowingiscor
rect
?
a)n(AUB) =0
b)n(BUC) =0
c)n(AUBUC) =90
d)Allofthement i
oned

8.Inthegi
venf
igur
ethei
fn(
A)=20,
n(U)
=50,
n(C)
=10andn(
A∩B)
=5t
hen
n(B)=?

a)35
b)20
c)30
d)10
Expl
anat
ion:Her
en(
B)=n(
U)– n(
A)+n(
A∩B)
.

9.Letthestudentswholi
kestabl
et enni
sbe1 2,t
heoneswhol i
kel
awn
tenni
s10,thosewhol i
keonl
ytabletennisar
e6,t hennumberofst
udent
s
wholikesonlylawntenni
sare,assumingtherearetot
alof1
6student
s.
a)16
b)8
c)4
d)10

1
0.Theshadedar
eaoff
igur
eisbestdescr
ibedby?
a)A‘ (
Compl
ementofA)
b)AUB– (A∩ B)
c)A– B
d)B

Subset
s

1.I
fasetcont
ains3el
ement
sthent
henumberofsubset
sis?
a)6
b)3
c)12
d)8

2.Thesetcont
aini
ngallt
hecol
l
ect
ionofsubset
sisknownas_________
a)Subset
b)Powerset
c)Uni
onset
d)Noneofthement i
oned

Expl
anat
ion:Powersetcont
ainsal
lthesubset
sasi
tsel
ement
s.

3.I
fasetisemptythennumberofsubset
swillbe_________
a)1
b)2
c)0
d)4
Expl
anat
ion:Thesethaszer
oel
ement sso2o 
=1 .
4.Ifthenumberofsubsetsofasetare4t
henthenumberofel
ement
sin
thatsetsare_________
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
Explanati
on:Thenumberofelement
sbexthenx2 
=4thusx=2.

5.Thenumberofsubsetsofasetis5.
a)True
b)False
Expl
anation:Thenumberofsubset
swi
llal
waysbeapowerof2.

6.Thenumberofsubset
sofasetcanbeoddoreven.
a)True
b)False
.

7.LetasetbeA={1,2,3}thenthenumberofsubset
scont
aini
ngt
wo
el
ementswillbe_________
a)4
b)3
c)5
d)8
Expl
anati
on:Thesubsetswill
be{1,2}
,{2,3}
,{1
,3}.

8.LetthesetbeA={
a,b,c,{
a,b}
}thenwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sfal
se?
a){a,b}ЄA
b)aЄA
c){a}ЄA
d)b,cЄA

9.I
fA={1
,2,3,4},thenthenumberofthesubsetsofAthatcont
aint
he
el
ement2butnot3,i s?
a)16
b)4
c)8
d)24
Expl
anat
ion:Thesubsetswoul
dbe{1,2,4},
{1,2}
,{2,3}
,{2}.

10.LetA(1)
,A(2),A(3)
,……. .,A(
100)be100setssuchthatnumberof
elementsinA(i
)=i+1andA( 1
)issubsetofA(
2),A(2)
issubsetofA(3)
,…..
,
A(99)issubsetofA(100).Thenumberofelementsinunionoftheall
theset
s
are:n(
A(1)UA( 2)UA( 3)…..UA(100))
.
a)99
b)100
c)101
d)102
.

Pr
inci
pleofMat
hemat
icalI
nduct
ion

1.Whati
sthebasecasef
ort
hei
nequal
i
ty7n 
>n3,wher
en=3?
a)652>189
b)42<132
c)343>27
d)42<=431
2.I
ntheprincipleofmat hemat i
cal
induct
ion,whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngst
epsi
s
mandator
y?
a)i
nducti
onhypot hesis
b)i
nducti
ver eference
c)i
nducti
onsetassumpt ion
d)mini
mal setrepr esentati
on

3.Form =1
,2,…,4m+2i
samul
ti
pleof________
a)3
b)5
c)6
d)2

4.Foranyint
egerm>=3,t
heser
ies2+4+6+…+(
4m)canbeequi
val
entt
o
________
a)m2+3
b)m+1
c)mm
d)3m2+4

5.Forever ynat ur
alnumberk,whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ue?
a)(mn) 
k
=m n
k k

b)m*k=n+1
c)(m+n) k
 =k+1
d)mkn=mnk

6.Byi nducti
onhypothesis,t
heser
ies1
2
 +22 
+32 
+… +p2 
canbepr
oved
equivalentto____________
a) 
p2+27
b) 
p∗(p+1)∗(
2p+1)
6
c) 
p∗(p+1)4
d)p+p 2
7.Foranyposi
ti
vei
ntegerm ______i
sdi
vi
si
bleby4.
a)5m2  +2
b)3m +1
c)m2  +3
d)m  
3
+3m

8.Accordi
ngt opr
inci
pleofmathemat
ical
induct
ion,i
fP(
k+1
)=m(k+1) 
+5i
s
tr
uethen_____mustbet rue.
a)P(k)=3m(k)
b)P(k)=m(k) +5
c)P(k)=m  
(
k+2)
+5
d)P(k)=m(k)

9.Whichoft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sthebasecasef
or4n+1 
>(n+1
)2
 wher
en=2?
a)64>9
b)16>2
c)27<91
d)54>8
.

10.Whatistheinduct i
onhypot
hesi
sassumpt
ionf
ort
hei
nequal
i
tym !>
2 
m
wher
em>=4?
a)form=k,k+1!>2k  holds
b)form=k,k!>2 
k
hol ds
c)form=k,k!>3 
k
hol ds
d)form=k,k!>2  
k+1
holds

Logi
cs– Taut
ologi
esandCont
radi
cti
ons
1.Acompoundpr
oposi
ti
ont
hati
sal
ways___________i
scal
l
edat
aut
ology.
a)True
b)False

2.Acompoundproposi
ti
ont
hati
sal
ways___________i
scal
l
eda
cont
r adi
cti
on.
a)True
b)False

3.I
fAi
sanyst
atement
,thenwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sat
aut
ology?
a)A∧ F
b)A∨ F
c)A∨ ¬A
d)A∧ T

4.I
fAi
sanyst
atement
,thenwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
snotacont
radi
cti
on?
a)A∧ ¬A
b)A∨ F
c)A∧ F
d)Noneofment
ioned

5.Acompoundpr oposi
ti
ont
hati
snei
therat
aut
ologynoracont
radi
cti
oni
s
cal
leda___________
a)Conti
ngency
b)Equi
valence
c)Condit
ion
d)I
nfer
ence
.
A∨ q)∧ (
6.¬( A∧ q)i
sa___________
a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adicti
on
c)Cont
ingency
d)Noneoft hement
ioned
 A∨ ¬A)∨ (
7.( q∨ T)i
sa__________
a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adict
ion
c)Cont
ingency
d)Noneofthement
ioned

8.A∧ ¬(
A∨ (
A∧ T)
)isal
ways__________
a)True
b)False
.

A∨ F)∨ (
9.( A∨ T)i
sal
ways_________
a)True
b)False

1 A∨ q)i
0.A→ ( sa__________
a)Taut
ology
b)Contr
adicti
on
c)Cont
ingency
d)Noneoft hement
ioned

TypesofSet

1.{
x:xisanintegernei
therposi
ti
venornegat
ive}i
s________
a)Empt yset
b)Non-empt yset
c)Fini
teset
d)Non-empt yandFi ni
teset
2.{x:xisareal
numberbetween1and2}i
san________
a)I
nf i
nit
eset
b)Fini
teset
c)Empt yset
d)Noneoft hement
ioned

3.Wri
teset{1,5,1
5,25,…}i
nset-bui
lderfor
m.
a){
x:ei
therx=1orx=5n,wher
eni sarealnumber}
b){
x:ei
therx=1orx=5n,wherenisainteger
}
c){
x:ei
therx=1orx=5n,wher
eni sanoddnat ur
alnumber
}
d){
x:x=5n,wherenisanatural
number }
.
4.Expr ess{ x:x=n/( n+1 ),ni sanat
ural
numberl
esst
han7}i
nrost
erf
orm.
a){⁄
1
2,
 2
⁄3,
 4
⁄5,
 6
⁄7}

b){1
⁄2,
 2
⁄3,
 3
⁄4,
 4
⁄5,
 5
⁄6,
 6
⁄7,
 7
⁄8}

c){⁄
1
2,
 ⁄
2
3,
 ⁄
3
4,
 ⁄
4
5,
 ⁄
5
6,
 ⁄
6
7}

d)I
nf i
niteset

5.Numberofpowersetof{
a,b}
,wher
eaandbar
edi
sti
nctel
ement
s.
a)3
b)4
c)2
d)5

Expl
anat
ion:Powersetof{ ∅,{
a,b}={ a,b}
,{a}
,{b}
}.

6.Whi chofthefoll
owingissubsetofset{
1,2,3,4}
?
a){1
,2}
b){1
,2,3}
c){1
}
d)Allofthementioned
Expl
anat i
on:Ther
ear etot
al16subsets.

∅,
7.A={ {
∅},
2,{
2,∅}
,3}
,whi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
str
ue?
a){
{∅,{
∅}}∈ A
b){
2}∈ A
c)∅ ⊂A
d)3⊂A
Expl
anat
ion:Empt
yseti
sasubsetofever
yset
.
8.Subsetoft
hesetA={}i
s?
a)A
b){}
c)∅
d)Alloft
hementi
oned
.

x:x∈ Nandxi
9.{ spr
ime}t
heni
tis________
a)I
nfi
nit
eset
b)Fi
nit
eset
c)Emptyset
d)Notaset
.

10.Convertset{
x:xi
saposi
ti
vepr
imenumberwhi
chdi
vi
des72}i
nrost
er
form.
a){2,3,5}
b){2,3,6}
c){2,3}
d){∅}
.

Car
dinal
i
tyofSet
s

1.Thecar
dinal
i
tyoft
hesetA={
1,2,3,4,6}i
s?
a)5
b)6
c)Int
eger
d)Noneofthementi
oned
Expl
anat
ion:5,i
tisanumberofel
ement
sint
heset
s.

2.Fortwoequal set
st here___________
a)Cardi
nali
tyissame
b)Cardinal
i
tyisdif
ferent
c)Maybesameordi f f
erent
d)Noneoft hement i
oned

3.I
fAisasubsetofBthen_______
a)Thecar
dinal
i
tyofAisgreat
erthanB
b)Thecar
dinal
i
tyofBisgreat
erthanA
c)Can’tsay
d)Noneofthementi
oned
.

4.I
fther
eisabij
ect
ionbetweentwoset
sAandBt
hen_______
a)Cardi
nal
i
tyofAisgreat
erthanB
b)Cardi
nal
i
tyofBisgreat
erthanA
c)Cardi
nal
i
tyofBisequaltoA
d)Noneofthementi
oned
.

5.LetasetE={0,2,
4,6,8….}ofnon-negativeevennumber
sandO={
1,3,5,
7,9,
…. .
}ofnon-negati
veoddnumber sthen?
a)Cardi
nal
it
yofsetEi sgreat
erthanthatofO
b)Cardi
nal
it
yofsetOi sgreatert
hant hatofE
c)Cardi
nal
it
yofsetEi sequaltothatofO
d)Noneofthement i
oned
.
6.Cardinali
tyoft
hesetoflowerlet
terengl
i
shal
phabet
sis26.
a)True
b)False
Expl
anat i
on:From a,b,c…zther
ewi l
lbe26el
ements.
7.Cardi
nalit
yofthesetofevenpr
imenumberunder10is4.
a)True
b)False
Expl
anation:Si
nce2isonlyevenpri
methuscar
dinal
i
tyshoul
dbe1
.

8.Iff
orsetsAandBt hereexi
stsani
nject
ivef
unct
ionbutnotbi
j
ect
ive
funct
ionfrom At
oBt hen?
a)Cardinal
it
yofAisstr
ict
lygr
eatert
hanB
b)Cardinal
it
yofBisstr
ict
lygr
eatert
hanA
c)Cardinal
it
yofBisequaltoA
d)Noneoft hementi
oned

9.I
fcardinal
it
yof(AUB)=car
dinal
i
tyofA+car
dinal
i
tyofB.Thi
smeans
____________
a)AisasubsetofB
b)BisasubsetofA
c)AandBar edi
sj
oint
d)Noneoft hementioned
.

10.I
fAisasubsetofBandBi
sasubsetofC,t
hencar
dinal
i
tyofAUBUC
i
sequalto____________
a)Cardi
nal
i
tyofC
b)Cardi
nal
i
tyofB
c)Cardi
nal
i
tyofA
d)Noneofthement i
oned
.

SetOper
ati
ons– 1
1.Theuni onoft
heset
s{1
,2,5}and{
1,2,6}i
stheset_______________
a){1,2,6,1}
b){1,2,5,6}
c){1,2,1,2}
d){1,5,6,3}

2.Theinter
sect
ionoft
heset
s{1
,2,5}and{
1,2,6}i
stheset_____________
a){1,2}
b){5,6}
c){2,5}
d){1,6}

3.Twoset sarecal
l
eddi
sj
ointi
fther
e_____________i
stheempt
yset
.
a)Union
b)Diff
erence
c)Int
ersecti
on
d)Compl ement
.

4.Whichofthefol
lowi
ngt
woset
sar
edi
sj
oint
?
a){
1,3,5}and{1,3,6}
b){
1,2,3}and{1,2,3}
c){
1,3,5}and{2,3,4}
d){
1,3,5}and{2,4,6}

5.Thedi
ff
erenceof{
1,2,3}and{
1,2,5}i
stheset____________
a){1}
b){5}
c){3}
d){2}
6.Thecompl
ementoft
hesetAi
s_____________
a)A– B
b)U– A
c)A– U
d)B– A

7.Thebitstri
ngf ort
heset{
2,4,6,8,1
0}(wit
huniversal
setofnat
ural
number slessthanorequal
to10)i
s____________________
a)0101010101
b)1010101010
c)1010010101
d)0010010101

8.LetAi={ i
,i+1
,i+2,….
.}.Thenset{
n,n+1
,n+2,n+3,….
.}i
sthe_________
ofthesetAi.
a)Union
b)Int
ersecti
on
c)SetDiff
erence
d)Disj
oint
.
9.Thebi tstri
ngsfortheset
sar
e11
111
00000and1
0101
0101
0.Theuni
onof
thesesetsi s___________
a)1010100000
b)1010101 1
01
c)1111
111100
d)1111
101 010
.

10.Thesetdi
ff
erenceoft
hesetAwi
thnul
lseti
s__________
a)A
b)null
c)U
d)B
SetOper
ati
ons– 2

1.LetthesetAis{
1,2,3}andBis{
2,3,4}
.Thent
henumberofel
ement
sin
AUBi s?
a)4
b)5
c)6
d)7
Explanat
ion:AUBi
s{1,2,3,4}
.

2.Lett
hesetAi
s{1
,2,3}andBi
s{2,3,4}
.Thennumberofel
ement
sinA
∩ Bis?
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4

3.LetthesetAis{
1,2,3}andBi
s{2,3,4}
.ThenthesetA– Bi
s?
a){1,-4}
b){1,2,3}
c){1}
d){2,3}
Explanati
on:I
nA– Bt hecommonel
ementsgetcancel
led.

4.I
nwhichofthef
oll
owingsetsA– Bi sequal
toB– A?
a)A={1
,2,3},B={2,3,4}
b)A={1
,2,3},B={1,2,3,4}
c)A={1
,2,3},B={2,3,1}
d)A={1
,2,3,4,5,6},B={2,3,4,5,1
}
5.LetAbesetofal l
pri
menumber s,Bbethesetofal
levenpri
menumbers,
Cbet hesetofall
oddpr i
menumber s,t
henwhichoft
hefoll
owingi
str
ue?
a)A≡ BUC
b)Bisasinglet
onset.
c)A≡ CU{ 2}
d)Alloft
hement i
oned
Expl
anati
on:2istheonlyevenpr
imenumber .

6.I
fAhas4el ementsBhas8el
ementsthenthemi
nimum andmaxi
mum
numberofelement
sinAUBar e____________
a)4,8
b)8,1
2
c)4,1
2
d)Noneofthementioned
.

7.I
fAi
s{{
Φ},{
Φ,{
Φ}}
},t
hent
hepowersetofAhashow manyel
ement
?
a)2
b)4
c)6
d)8

Expl
anat
ion:ThesetAhasgot2el
ement
sson(
P(A)
)=4.
8.TwosetsAandBcontainsaandbelementsrespect
ivel
y.I
fpowersetof
Acontai
ns16moreelementst
hanthatofB,val
ueof‘b’ and‘a’ ar e
_______
a)4,5
b)6,7
c)2,3
d)Noneofthement
ioned
.

9.LetAbe{ 1,2,3,4}
,Ubesetofal
lnat
ural
number
s,t
henU-
A’( complementofA)isgi
venbyset
.
a){1,2,3,4,5,6,….}
b){5,6,7,8,9,……}
c){1
,2,3,4}
d)Alloft
hement
ioned
Expl
anati
on:U– A’ ≡ A.

10.Whichset
sarenotempt y?
a){x:xi
saevenpr i
megreaterthan3}
b){x:xisamulti
pleof2andisodd}
c){x:xi
sanevennumberandx+3i seven}
d){x:xisapri
menumberl essthan5andisodd}

Gr
aphs– HasseDi
agr
ams

1.Hassediagr
amsar
efi
rstmadeby______
a)A.R.Hasse
b)HelmutHasse
c)DennisHasse
d)T.P.Hasse

Expl
anation:Hassediagr
amscanbedescr i
bedasthetr
ansi
ti
vereduct
ionas
anabstractdir
ectedacycl
icgr
aph.Thisgr
aphdrawingt
echni
quesare
const
ructedbyHel mutHasse(
1948).

2.Ifapar t
ialor
derisdrawnasaHassediagr
am i
nwhi
chnot
woedges
cross,it
scoveringgraphiscal
l
ed______
a)upwar dplanar
b)downwar dplanar
c)latt
ice
d)biconnectedcomponent s
3.I
fthepar t
ial
orderofasethasatmostonemini
malel
ement
,thent
otest
whetherithasanon-crossi
ngHassedi
agram i
tst
imecompl
exi
ty
__________
a)NP-compl ete
b)O(n2)
c)O(n+2)
d)O(n3)
.
4.Whi chofthef ol
l
owi
ngr
elat
ioni
sapar
ti
alor
deraswel
lasanequi
val
ence
rel
ati
on?
a)equal t
o(=)
b)lessthan(<)
c)greaterthan(>)
d)notequal to(
!=)

5.Ther elati
on≤ isapar t
ial
orderi
fiti
s___________
a)refl
exive,anti
symmet ri
candtransi
ti
ve
b)refl
exive,symmet r
ic
c)asymmet ri
c,t
ransi
ti
ve
d)ir
refl
exi veandtr
ansit
ive

6.I
nwhi
choft
hef
oll
owi
ngr
elat
ionsever
ypai
rofel
ement
siscompar
abl
e?
a)≤
b)!
=
c)>=
d)==

7.I S,⪯)
naposet( ,ift
her
eisnoel
ementn∈Swi
thm<n,t
henwhi
chof
thef
oll
owingist
rue?
a)anelementnexist
sforwhi
chm=n
b)Anelementm i
smaxi mali
ntheposet
c)Asetwitht
hesamesubsetoftheposet
d)Anel
ementm i
smi
nimal
int
heposet
.
8.I
naposetP(
{ ,⊆)whi
v,x,y,z} choft
hef
oll
owi
ngi
sthegr
eat
est
el
ement ?
a){v,x,y,z}
b)1
c)∅
d){vx,xy,yz}
.

9.SupposeP1 
isapar t
ial
l
yorderedcl
assandacutofP1 
ispai
r(D,T)of
nonemptysubclassesofP1 
sat
isfi
eswhi
choft
hefoll
owingpropert
ies?
a)D∩T=Ø
b)D∪T=P1
c)xyz∈T
d)z∈Tandzx∈D
.

1
0.LetGbet
hegr
aphdef
inedast
heHassedi
agr
am f he⊆r
ort elat
ionon
thesetS{1,2,
…,1
8}.How manyedgesar
ether
einG?
a)43722
b)2359296
c)6487535
d)131963

Gr
aphs– Lat
ti
ces

1
.APoseti
nwhichever
ypairofel
ement
shasbot
hal
eastupperboundand
agr
eat
estl
owerboundist
ermedas_______
a)subl
att
ice
b)l
atti
ce
c)tr
ail
d)walk

2.I
nt heposet(Z+,|)(
whereZ+ i
sthesetofal
lposi
ti
veint
eger
sand|i
sthe
di
videsrel
ati
on)ar ethei
ntegers9and351comparable?
a)comparable
b)notcompar abl
e
c)comparablebutnotdetermined
d)determi
nedbutnotcompar abl
e
.
3.I
feveryt woelementsofaposetar
ecompar
abl
ethent
heposeti
scal
l
ed
________
a)suborder edposet
b)tot
all
yor deredposet
c)sublatt
ice
d)semigroup
.
4.______and_______ar ethetwobi
nar
yoper
ati
onsdef
inedf
orl
att
ices.
a)Joi
n,meet
b)Additi
on,subtract
ion
c)Union,int
ersecti
on
d)Multi
pli
cati
on,modul odivi
si
on

5.A________hasagr eat
estel
ementandal
eastel
ementwhi
chsat
isf
y
0<=a<=1foreveryaint
helat
ti
ce(say,L)
.
a)semil
att
ice
b)j
oinsemilat
ti
ce
c)meetsemi l
att
ice
d)boundedlatti
ce
.
6.Thegr
aphgi
venbel
owi
sanexampl
eof_________
a)non-lat
ti
ceposet
b)semilat
ti
ce
c)part
iall
att
ice
d)boundedlatti
ce

7.Asublat
ti
ce(say,S)ofalatt
ice(
say,L)i
saconvexsublatt
iceofLif
_________
a)x>=z,wherexinSi mpl
ieszi nS,f
oreveryel
ementx,yinL
b)x=yandy<=z,wher ex,yinSi mpli
eszinS,forever
yelementx,y,zi
nL
c)x<=y<=z,wherex,yinSi mpli
eszinS,foreveryel
ementx,y,zinL
d)x=yandy>=z,wher ex,yinSi mpli
eszinS,forever
yelementx,y,zi
nL
.
8.Thegr
aphisthesmall
estnon-modul
arlat
ti
ceN5.Al
atti
cei
s_______i
f
andonl
yifi
tdoesnothavea_______isomorphi
ctoN5.

a)non-modular
,compl etel
att
ice
b)moduler
,semi l
atti
ce
c)non-modul
ar,subl at
ti
ce
d)modular
,sublatt
ice

9.Ever
yposett
hati
sacompl
etesemi
l
att
icemustal
waysbea_______
a)subl
att
ice
b)completelat
ti
ce
c)fr
eelatt
ice
d)part
ial
latt
ice
.
10.Af r
eesemi lat
ti
cehasthe_______pr
oper
ty.
a)inter
section
b)commut ati
veandassociat
ive
c)identi
ty
d)universal
.

Compl
eteandConnect
edGr
aphs

1.Abri
dgecannotbeapar tof_______
a)asi
mplecycle
b)atr
ee
c)acl
iquewit
hsize≥ 3whoseever yedgei
sabr
idge
d)agraphwhichcont
ainscycl
es
.
2.Anysubsetofedgest
hatconnect
sall
thever
ti
cesandhasmini
mum tot
al
weight
,ifal
ltheedgewei
ghtsofanundi
rect
edgraphar
eposi
ti
veiscal
l
ed
_______
a)subgraph
b)tr
ee
c)hamil
toni
ancycle
d)gri
d

3.Gisasi mpl eundir

ectedgr
aphandsomeverti
cesofGareofodddegr
ee.
Addanodent oGandmakei tadj
acentt
oeachodddegr
eevert
exofG.
Theresultantgraphis______
a)Compl etebipart
it
egraph
b)Hamiltoniancycle
c)Regulargr aph
d)Eul
ergr aph
4.LetGbeadi rect
edgr
aphwhosevertexseti
sthesetofnumbersfrom 1
to50.Thereisanedgef
rom aver
texit
oaver t
exji
fandonlyifei
therj=i+1
orj=3i.Calcul
atet
hemini
mum numberofedgesinapathinGf r
om vert
ex
1tovert
ex50.
a)98
b)13
c)6
d)34
.
5.Whatisthenumberofver
ti
cesinanundirect
edconnectedgraphwit
h39
edges,7vert
icesofdegr
ee2,2vert
icesofdegree5andremainingof
degree6?
a)11
b)14
c)18
d)19

Expl
anat
ion:Weknowt hat
,sum ofdegr
eeofal
lthever
ti
ces=2*numberof
edges
2*7+5*2+6* x=39*2
x=9
Numberofverti
ces=7+2+9=1 8.

6.______isthemaxi
mum numberofedgesi
nanacycl
i
cundi
rect
edgr
aph
wit
hkver t
ices.
a)k-1
b)k2
c)2k+3
d)k3+4
.

7.Themini
mum numberofedgesi
naconnect
edcycl
i
cgr
aphonnver
ti
ces
i
s_____________
a)n– 1
b)n
c)2n+3
d)n+1
.

8.Themaximum numberofedgesi
na8-nodeundi
rect
edgr
aphwi
thout
sel
floopsi
s____________
a)45
b)61
c)28
d)17

9.LetGbeanar bi
trar
ygraphwit
hvnodesandkcomponent s.Ifaver
texi
s
removedfrom G,t
henumberofcomponentsinther
esul
tantgraphmust
necessar
il
yli
edownbet ween_____and_____
a)n-1andn+1
b)vandk
c)k+1andv-k
d)k-1andv-1
.
10.The2n vert
icesofagraphGcorr
espondstoall
subset
sofasetofsi
zen,
forn>=4.Twover ti
cesofGareadj
acentifandonl
yift
hecorr
espondi
ng
setsinter
secti
nexactl
ytwoelements.
Thenumberofconnect edcomponentsinGcanbe___________
a)n+2
b)3n/2
c)n2
d)2n