MAT1512/201/1/2013

Tutorial Letter 201/1/2013

CALCULUS A
MAT1512

Semester 1

Department of Mathematical Sciences

This tutorial letter contains solutions

for assignment 01.

BAR CODE

Learn without limits. university

of south africa
 1. (a) (i) g( 2) = 3

(ii) lim g(x) = 1

x! 2
(iii) lim g (x) = 1
x! 2+
(iv) lim g(x) = 1; since lim g(x) = lim + g (x) = 1
x! 2 x! 2 x! 2
(v) lim g (x) = 5
x! 2

(vi) lim g (x) = 1

x! 2+

(vii) lim g (x) does not exist since lim g (x) 6= lim + g(x):
x! 2 x! 2 x! 2

(viii) g(3) = +2

(ix) lim g(x) ' 2

x!3

(x) lim+ g(x) ' 2

x!3

(xi) lim g(x) ' 2 since lim g(x) = lim+ g(x) ' 2: (11)
x!3 x!3 x!3

(b) There is "Removable" type of discontinuity at x = 2 and "A jump" type of discontinuity
at x = 2. (2)

2. (a) 8
< 8 x if x < 0
h(x) = x if 0 < x 2
: 1 2
2
x if x > 2
(i) lim h(x) = lim 8 x=8 0=8
x!0 x!0

(ii) lim+ h(x) = lim+ x = 0

x!0 x!0
(iii) lim h(x) does not exist since lim h(x) = 8 6= lim+ h(x) = 0
x!0 x!0 x!0
(iv) lim h(x) = lim x = 2
x!2 x!2
(v) lim+ h(x) = lim+ 12 x2 = 12 (22 ) = 12 (4) = 2
x!2 x!2

(vi) lim h(x) = 2 since lim h(x) = lim+ h(x) = 2 (6)

x!2 x!2 x!2

(b) (i) Since h(0) is not de ned and lim h(x) does not exist, then h is not contnuous at
x!0
x = 0. (2)
(ii) Since h(2) = 2 and lim h(x) = 2 = h(2), then h is continuous at x = 2. (2)
x!2

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 MAT1512/201

(c)

(4)

x2 9x + 14 (1)2 9(1) + 14 15 9 6
3. (a) lim 2 = = = = 1
x!1 x + 6x 7 (1 )2 + 6(1) 7 7 7 0

x2 9x + 14 (1)2 9(1+ ) + 14 15 9 6
lim+ 2 = + 2 +
= + = + = +1
x!1 x + 6x 7 (1 ) + 6(1 ) 7 7 7 0

x2 9x + 14 x2 9x + 14 x2 9x + 14
Since lim 2 = 1 and lim+ 2 = +1; then lim 2 does
x!1 x + 6x 7 x!1 x + 6x 7 x!1 x + 6x 7
not exist. (2)

(b)
2x2 8
if x < 4
h(x) = 3
2x if x 4

2x2 8 2(42 ) 8 32 8 24
then lim h(x) = lim = = = =8
x!4 x!4 3 3 3 3

and = lim h(x) = lim+ 2x = 2(4) = 8

x!4+ x!4

) lim h(x) = 8 since lim h(x) = lim+ h(x) = 8:

x!4 x!4 x!4

(4)

3
 (c)

5x2 2x 2x + 5x if 2 + 5x 0
lim2 note: j2 + 5xj =
x! 5
j2 + 5xj (2 + 5x) if 2 + 5x < 0
8
< 2x + 5x if 2 5x ) 2
5
x)x 2
5
=
:
2 5x if 2 < 5x ) 2
5
>x)x< 2
5

so
2 2 2 4 4 4
5x2 2x 5 5
2 5
5 25
+ 5 5
+ 45 0
lim = 2
= = =
x! 2
5
2 5x 2 5 5
2+2 2+2 0

This is indeterminate form, so we have to factorise rst as:

5x2 2x x (5x + 2) 2
lim = lim = lim x =
x! 2
5
2 5x x! 25 1 (5x + 2) x! 25 5

5x2 2x x (5x + 2) 2 2
and lim + = lim + = lim + x= =
x! 2
5
2 + 5x x! 25 5x + 2 x! 25 5 5

5x2 2x 5x2 2x 2 5x2 2x 2

) lim2 does not exist since lim = 6= lim + =
x! 5
j2 + 5xj x! 25 j2 + 5xj 5 x! 52 j2 + 5xj 5
(10)

sin2 x 1 0
(d) lim = indeterminate form, so factorise the numerator.
x! 2 sin x 1 0
sin2 x 1 (sin x 1) (sin x + 1)
i.e. lim = lim = lim sin x + 1
x! 2 sin x 1 x! 2 sin x 1 x! 2

= sin 2
+1=1+1=2

(2)

j25 x2 j
(e) lim
x! 1 x (x + 5)

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 MAT1512/201

25 x2 if 52 x2 0 ) (5 x) (5 + x) 0
so j25 x2 j =
(25 x2 ) if 52 x2 < 0 ) (5 x) (5 + x) > 0

solve these inequalities and get

25 x2 if x 2 [ 5; 5]
j25 x2 j =
25 + x2 if x 2 ( 1; 5) [ (5; 1)
then
j25 x2 j 25 + x2
lim = lim
x! 1 x (x + 5) x! 1 x (x + 5)

( 5 + x) (5 + x) (x 5) (x + 5)
= lim = lim
x! 1 x (x + 5) x!1 x (x + 5)

x 5
= lim
x! 1 x
x 5 5
x x
1 x
= lim x = lim
x! 1
x
x! 1 1

1+0 1
= = =1
1 1
(8)

(x + 1) cos (ln x2 )
4. lim p
x!0 x2 + 2
Note 1 cos x 1

so 1 cos(ln x2 ) 1

) (x + 1) ( 1) (x + 1) cos (ln x2 ) (x + 1) (1)

(note, as x ! 0; (x + 1) > 0 so inequality signs will not change)

) (x ! 1) (x + 1) cos (ln x2 ) (x + 1)

(x + 1) (x + 1) cos (ln x2 ) (x + 1)
) p p p ;
x2 + 2 x2 + 2 x2 + 2
p
since x2 + 2 > 0; inequality signs will not change

5
 p p
(x + 1) (0 + 1) 11 2 2
so lim p = p = p =
p p =
x!0 x2 + 2 02 + 2 22 2 2
p p
(x + 1) (0 + 1) 1 1 2 2
and lim p =p = +p = p p =
x!0 x2 + 2 02 + 2 2 2 2 2
p p
(x + 1) 2 (x + 1) 2
since lim p = 6= lim p =
x!0 x2 + 2 2 x!0 x2 + 2 2

then it will not be possible to get

(x + 1) cos (ln x2 )
lim p by the Squeeze Theorem
x!0 x2 + 2

(9)

5. f (2) = b

(x2 +1) sin(x2 4) sin (x2 4)

lim f (x) = lim x2 4
= 2 lim (x2 + 1) lim
x!2 x!2 x!2 x!2 x2 4

= (22 + 1) 1 = (4 + 1) (1) = 5 (1) = 5

and lim+ f (x) = lim+ a cos (x 2) = a cos (2 2) = a cos (0) = a (1) = a
x!2 x!2

For lim f (x) to exist, lim f (x) = lim+ f (x)

x!2 x!2 x!2
i.e. 5 = a
And for the function f (x) to be continuous at x = 2; we have

lim f (x) = f (2)

x!2

i.e. 5 = a = b
Therefore, a = 5 and b = 5 (8)

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 MAT1512/201

6. g(x) = 3x2 4x + 2
Then
g (x + h) g (x)
g 0 (x) = lim
h!0 h

[3(x + h)2 4(x + h) + 2] [3x2 4x + 2]

g 0 (x) = lim
h!0 h

[3(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) 4(x + h) + 2] [3x2 4x + 2]

= lim
h!0 h

3x2 + 6xh + 3h2 4x + 4h + 2 3x2 + 4x 2

f 0 (x) = lim
h!0 h

6xh + 3h2 4h h (6x + 3h 4)

f 0 (x) = lim = lim
h!0 h h!0 h

f 0 (x) = lim 6x + 3h 4 = 6x + 3 (0) 4 = 6x 4

h!0

(4)

7. (a) p
h(x) = x2 sin 5 7x2 + x 2p+ ln 2
h0 (x) = 2x sin 5 7 (2x)p+ 2 + 0
= 2x sin 5 14x + 2

(3)

(b)
ey 9y 2 + 1
h(y) =
(y 1)2
(y 1)2 (ey (1) 9 (2y) + 0) (ey 9y 2 + 1) (2 (y 1) (1 0))
h0 (y) = 2 2
(y 1)

(y 1)2 (ey 18y) (ey 9y 2 + 1) (2 (y 1))

(y 1)4

(y 1) [(y 1) (ey 18y) 2 (ey 9y 2 + 1)]

(y 1)4

(y 1) (ey 18y) 2 (ey 9y 2 + 1)

(y 1)3

(4)

7
 2
(c) h(t) = sin t (t3 + 5)
2
h0 (t) = cos t (1) (t3 + 5) + sin t [2 (t3 + 5) (3t2 + 0)]

2
= (t3 + 5) cos t + sin t [6t2 (t3 + 5)]

(t3 + 5) [(t3 + 5) cos t + 6t2 sin t]

(3)

(d)
h (x) = cos (sin (tan x))

h0 (x) = sin (sin (tan x)) cos (tan x) sec2 x (1)

(3)

(e)
p 1
h( ) = cot = cot 2

1 1
1
h( ) = csc2 2
2
2 (1)
p
csc2( )
h0 ( ) = p
2

(2)

Note: If the student left the question as:

p
h ( ) = cot t

p
then h0 ( ) = 0 since cot t is a constant as h depends on :

(f)
p 1
h(t) = 3 et + 1 = 3 (et + 1) 2
1
1
h0 (t) = 3 2
(et + 1) 2 (et (1) + 0)
1
f (x) = 32 et (et + 1) 2

3et
p
2 et + 1

(3)

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 MAT1512/201

8. (a)
y2 = ln x

dy 1
2y = (1)
dx x
1
dy x 1 1 1
= = =
dx 2y x 2y 2xy

(3)

(b) cos cos (x3 y 2 ) x cot y = 2y

dy dy dy
sin cos (x3 y 2 ) sin (x3 y 2 ) 3x2 y 2 + x3 2y cot y + x cos ec2 y =2
dx dx dx
dy
3x2 y 2 sin sin (x3 y 2 ) sin cos (x3 y 2 ) + 2x3 y sin (x3 y 2 ) sin cos (x3 y 2 )
dx
dy dy
cot y + x cos ec2 y = 2
dx dx
dy
[2x3 y sin (x3 y 2 ) sin cos (x3 y 2 ) + x cos ec2 y + 2] = 3x2 y 2 sin (x3 y 2 ) sin cos (x3 y 2 ) + cot y
dx
dy 3x2 y 2 sin (x3 y 2 ) sin cos (x3 y 2 ) + cot y
= 3 (5)
dx 2x y sin (x3 y 2 ) sin cos (x3 y 2 ) + x cos ec2 y + 2