[ SABAH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ] [ MATHEMATICS FORM 1 ]

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TOPIC 9 : BASIC POLYGONS
9.1 Polygons
9.1.1 State the relationship between the number of sides, vertices and diagonals of polygons.
9.1.2 Draw polygons, label vertices of polygons and name the polygons based on the labelled vertices.
(a) Solve the following : [ OP1 / TP1 ]

(1) Mark  for shape of a polygon and  for the shape that is not polygon.

MIND think :

a shape.
• Polygon
semua bounded by lines.

(b) Solve the following : [ OP1 / TP1 ]

(1) Match of the following based on types of polygons. Hence, draw the diagonals for the first five polygons.

triangle

quadrilateral

pentagon

hexagon

heptagon

octagon

nonagon

decagon

MIND think :

• Polygon with n sides → number of diagonals =

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(c) Complete the following : [ OP1 / TP1 ]

Polygon Number of sides Number of vertices Number of diagonals
3
Quadrilateral 4
5
Hexagon 6
7
Octagon 8
9
10
MIND think :

• Polygon with n sides → number of vertices = → number of diagonals =

(d) Solve each of the following : [ OP4 / TP2 ]

(1) Using a ruler, draw the axes of symmetry for each of the following diagram :
(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(2) Complete the following to form a symmetrical polygons :

(a) (b) (c)

MIND think :

• Axes of symmetry → line such that a shape can overlap when folded.
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9.2 Properties of triangles and the interior and exterior angles of triangles.
9.2.1 Recognise and list geometric properties of various types of triangles. Hence classify triangles based
on geometric properties.
(e) Solve each of the following : [ OP1 / TP2 ]

(1) Match the the following type of triangle based on side. Hence, complete the boxes.

a
a+a+a = a =

axes of symmetry a a

equilateral
triangle
sama sisi a =

b a+b+c = b =

a c

c =
axes of symmetry

isosceles
triangle a =
a
a+b+b =
b b b =

axes of symmetry

scalene a
a+a = a =
triangle
a

(2) Match the following type of triangle based on angle :

right-angled acute-angled obtuse-angled

triangle triangle triangle
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9.2.2 Make and verify conjectures about :

(i) the sum of interior angles,
(ii) the sum of interior angle and adjacent exterior angle,
(iii) the relation between exterior angle and the sum of the opposite interior angles
of a triangle.
(f) Complete the following : [ OP1 / TP2 ]

a, b, c angles a+b+c =

d , e, f  angles d+e+f =

f
Adjacent exterior angle of a is f  a+f =

a
Adjacent exterior angle of b is e  b+e =
d
b c
Adjacent exterior angle of c is d  c+d =
e

a and b are opposite interior angle of d  d =

a and c are opposite interior angle of e  e =

b and c are opposite interior angle of f  f =

(g) Solve each of the following : [ OP3 / TP3 ]

(1) The diagram shows a triangle. (2) The diagram shows a triangle PQR.

103
R
95 P
47 23
x
x
Q

Find the value of x. (38) Find the value of x. (54)

(3) The diagram shows an isosceles triangle. (4) The diagram shows an isosceles triangle.

78
x
24
x

Find the value of x. (132) Find the value of x. (51)

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(h) Solve each of the following : [ OP3 / TP3 ]

(1) In the diagram, LMN is a straight line. (2) In the diagram, PQR is a straight line.

K R
Q x
q
p 43
r 19
L N P

Which of the following statement is true ? Find the value of x. (62)

A. p=q C. p=q+r
B. p=r D. p=q−r

(3) In the diagram, PQR is a straight line. (4) In the diagram, PQR is a straight line.

P 160
55
115 Q
x x
P Q R
R
Find the value of x. (60) Find the value of x. (80)

9.2.3 Solve problems involving triangles.

(i) Solve each of the following : [ OP6 / TP3, TP4 ]

(1) In the diagram, PQ and RQ intersect at Q. (2) In the diagram, QRS is an isosceles triangle.
PQR and QST are straight line.

Q R T
x S
86
132 x
96
P P Q R

Find the value of x. (2) Find the value of x. (114)

(3) In the diagram, PQR is a straight line. (4) In the diagram, PST and QRT are straight lines.

P P T

Q 75 105
x R 30
30 x R
Q S

Find the value of x. (105) Find the value of x. (60)

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(5) The diagram shows an isosceles triangle JKL (6) The diagram shows an isosceles triangle PQR
with JK = JL and JML is a straight line. with PQ = QR. PSR and QTR are straight lines.

J Q

80 M 80 T
x 85
x x
L K P S R
Find the value of x. (25) Find the value of x. (45)

(7) In the diagram, PQR is an equilateral triangle (8) The diagram shows a triangle PQS. PS = SR and
and SQR is an isosceles triangle. SRQ is a straight line.

P x
P

32
S
100
x 10
Q R S R Q

Find the value of x. (124) Find the value of x. (30)

(9) In the diagram, PQR and PRS are isosceles (10) In the diagram, ABD is an isosceles triangle and
triangles. BCD is an equilateral triangle.

P B

S x C
x
A
115
Q R D
Find the value of x. (40) Find the value of x. (105)

(11) In the diagram, PQT, QST and QRS are three (12) In the diagram, EHJ is an equilateral triangle.
isosceles triangles. FHJ and FGH are isosceles triangles. EJH is a
straight line.
P Q R
F
y x
70
x
T S E J H G
Find the value of x + y. (80) Find the value of x. (15)
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9.3 Properties of quadrilaterals and the interior and exterior angles of quadrilaterals.
9.3.1 Describe the geometric properties of various types of quadrilaterals. Hence classify quadrilaterals
based on the geometric properties.
(j) Solve each of the following : [ OP1 / TP2 ]

(1) Match the the following type of quadrilateral. Hence, complete the boxes.

a+b=
 the opposite sides are parallel and
of equal length
parallelogram  all of its interior angles are 90
 the diagonals are of equal length
and are bisector of each other
 has 2 axes of symmetry

 the opposite sides are parallel and

of equal length
 the opposite angles are equal
square
 the diagonals are bisectors of each
other
 has no axis of symmetry

 All the sides are of equal length

~ The opposite sides are parallel
a  All of its interior angles are 90
rectangle semua sudut 90
b  The diagonals are of equal length
and are perpendicular bisectors of
each other
 has 4 axes of symmetry

 two pairs of adjacent sides are of

a+b=
equal length
a  one pair of opposite angles is equal
rhombus  one of the diagonals is the
perpendicular bisector of the other
b  a diagonal which is also axis of
symmetry, bisect the angles at the
vertices

a d  only one pair of opposite sides is

kite parallel
b c  in general, no axis of symmetry

a+b=  all the sides are of equal length

 the opposite sides are parallel
 the opposite angles are equal
trapezium
 the diagonals are perpendicular
bisectors of each other
 has two axes of symmetry
c+d=
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9.3.2 Make and verify the conjectures about :

(i) the sum of interior angles of a quadrilateral,
(ii) the sum of interior angle and adjacent exterior angle of a quadrilateral, and
(iii) the relationship between the opposite angles in a parallelogram.
(k) Solve each of the following : [ OP1 / TP2 ]

(1) Complete the following :

h

a
g b
c e
d

f

a, b, c, d  angles a+b+c+d=

e, f , g, h angles e+f+g+h=

Adjacent exterior angle of a is h  a+h =

Adjacent exterior angle of b is g  b+g =

Adjacent exterior angle of c is f  c+f =

Adjacent exterior angle of d is e  d+e =

(2) Complete the following :

h
g
a
b
c
d
f e

a, b and c are opposite interior angle of e  e =

a, b and d are opposite interior angle of f  f =

a, c and d are opposite interior angle of g  g =

b, c and d  are opposite interior angle of h  h =

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(l) Solve each of the following : [ OP3 / TP3 ]

(1) The diagram shows a quadrilateral. (2) The diagram shows a quadrilateral.

75
38
67 143

118 x x
57

Find the value of x. (260) Find the value of x. (48)

(m) Solve each of the following : [ OP3 / TP3 ]

(1) In the diagram, PQRS is a quadrilateral. (2) In the diagram, PQRS is a quadrilateral.
Q
P Q
82 P
68
2x
124 5x − 25 3x
68 S
S R 73 R

Find the value of x. (21) Find the value of x. (25)

(n) Solve each of the following : [ OP3 / TP3 ]

(1) The diagram shows a quadrilateral. (2) In the diagram, PQRS is a quadrilateral and RST
is a straight line.
S T
x 110
R
2x 140

3x 100 y
60
Q P
Find the value of x. (50) Find the value of y. (50)

(3) In the diagram, ABCD and EBF are straight (2) In the diagram, QRTU is a quadrilateral dan
line. PQRS is a straight line.
G U
F
92
165 x 50 T
B
A 110
30 C D 3x
E P Q R S
Find the value of x. (107) Find the value of x. (10)
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9.3.3 Solve problems involving quadrilaterals .

(o) Solve each of the following : [ OP6 / TP4, TP5 ]
(1) The diagram shows a rhombus PQRS. (2) The diagram shows a rhombus KLMN.
Q R L
6x M
x
x z 100
K
P S N
Find the value of z. (75) Find the value of x. (140)

(3) In the diagram, PQRS is a rhombus. PTR and (4) The diagram show a kite enclosed in a rectangle.
QTS are straight lines.
S R

a T e p 50
d
b c
40 q
P Q
Find the value of a + b + c + d + e. (270) Find the value of p + q. (105)

9.3.4 Solve problems involving the combinations of triangles and quadrilatrerals.

(p) Solve each of the following : [ OP6 / TP4, TP5 ]
(1) In the diagram, PQST is a quadrilateral and QRS (2) In the diagram, ABC is an isosceles triangle dan
is an isosceles triangle. RSTU is a straight line. ACDE is a parallelogram.
P A E
Q
x x
85 120
48

R S T U B C D

Find the value of x. (115) Find the value of x. (114)

(3) In the diagram, LMPQ is a quadrilateral and (4) In the diagram, PQR is an isosceles triangle and
PMN is an isosceles triangle. LMN is a straight PRU is a straight line.
line. T
Q P 80
P 70
85 y S
y
x
x Q
40 120
25 R
L M N U
Find the value of x + y. (165) Find the value of x + y. (280)
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PT3 questions @ HOTS

(1) The diagram shows a combination of polygons.

Based on the diagram, name the three polygons. [3 marks]

Answer :

(a) ................................................................................

(b) ................................................................................

(c) ................................................................................
[ OP1 / R ] - [ 2014 / SET2 / 6(a) ]
(2) In the answer space, state the number of axis of symetry for the polygons below. [3 marks]

Answer :

[ OP4 / R ] - [ 2014 / CTH KPM / 6(a) ]

(3) (a) The diagram shows five congruen rectangles. .

Using a ruler, draw the axes of symmetry on above diagram. [2 marks]

(b) Shade one square on the diagram in the answer space to form a symmetrical
polygons. [1 mark]
Answer :

[ OP4 / R ] - [ 2016 / SET1 / 1(b) ]

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(4) (a) Using a ruler, draw an axis of symmetry on the following diagram : [1 mark]

(i) (ii)

(b) The diagram shows an incomplete polygon drawn on a square grid. The dotted line is the axis of
symmetry. Complete the following polygon. [2 marks]

(i) (ii)

[ OP4 / R ] - [ 2016 / SET2 / 1(b) ] & [ 2016 / SET3 / 1(b) ]

(5) The diagram in the answer space shows a regular hexagon and a regular octagon. Complete the table in the
answer space with the correct answer.
[3 marks]
Answer :

Hexagon Octagon

(a) Number of axes of symmetry

(b) Number of vertices

(c) Number of diagonals

[ OP1 / R ] - [ clon 2017 / SET3 / 10(a) ]

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(6) In the diagram, PQR is a straight line.

40

x
P Q R
Find the value of x. (Ans : 20) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6 / S ] - [ PMR / 2004 / 12 P1 ]

(7) In the diagram, STU is an equilateral triangle and VTU is an isosceles triangle.

V
x
80

T U
Find the value of x. (Ans : 10) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6 / S ] - [ PMR / 2005 / 15 P1 ]

(8) In the diagram, ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC.

D C

B
Find the value of  DBC. (Ans : 22.5) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6 / S ] - [ Forecast ]
(9) In the diagram, BD = DC, DE = EC, DE paralle to BC.

A
75
D E

B C
Find the value of  B. (Ans : 35) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6 / T ] - [ Forecast ]
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(10) In the diagram, JKLM is a quadrilateral and LMN is a straight line.

L M N

126 84
x
x
K
J
Find the value of x. (Ans : 69) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6/ S ] - [ PMR / 2010 / 10 P1 ]

(11) In the diagram, ABDE is a kite.

x D

75
A B C
Find the value of x. (Ans : 255) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6/ S ] - [ Forecast ]
(12) In the diagram, KLM is an equilateral triangle. KMS is a straight line.

L
R

2x
x
K M S
Find the value of x. (Ans : 50) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6/ S ] - [ SPM / J2010 / 8 P1 ]

(13) In the diagram, PQRTU is an irregular polygon. PUS, QUT and RST are straight lines.

P 32
U
x
80
S
114
Q R
Given TQR is twice PQT, find the value of x. (Ans : 83) [2 marks]

Answer :

[ OP6/ S ] - [ SPM / 2011 / 7 P1 ]

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(14) The diagram shows a triangle and a quadrilateral.

30
x
42
y

33

Find the value of x + y. (Ans : 75) [2 marks]

Answer :

[ OP6/ S ] - [ Forecast ]
(15) In the diagram, PQST is a parallelogram.

T S
(2x − 30)

(x + 10)

P Q R
Find the value of  QRS. (Ans : 65) [3 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6/ T ] - [ Forecast ]
(16) In the diagram, PQRS, TQU, UVS and TRVW are straight lines.
T
P
Q a
e R
b S
c
U V
d
W
Find the value of a + b + c + d + e. (Ans : 270) [2 marks]
Answer :

[ OP6/ T ] - [ Forecast ]
(17) The diagram shows four triangles.

A B

C F

D E

Find the value of A + B + C + D + E + F. [1 mark]

A. 270 C. 450
B. 360 D. 540
[ OP6/ T ] - [ Forecast ]