r.

R s io n 0 í ￠y "
tieq
T he le m e n ta ry th e o ry o f to r s io n o f p r is m a ti
e
e b
a
r e s tr ic t e d to b a r s o f c ir c u la r c r o s s s e c t io n o n ly T h is s irn
l
p e th
w a s fir s t
g iv e n b y c o u lo m b in 1 7 8 4 a n d r e s u lts in th e e quali
T T
= = G e

he T is th e p p lie d to r q u
w re a e J th e p o la r m o m e n t f in
, o e r tia
s he h T the
a r s a tr a n s v e r s e c t io n a t a d is t a
,
e s s o n se n ce T fr o m th e a x is of
th e b a G th e s h e a r m
r d u lu d e th e g le o f tw is t o v e r
, o s a n a n
le n g th o f t h e b a r E a u n it
q (5 1 ) is b a s e d u p o n th e
in it ia l】 l
y p a n e s e c t io n s
a ss u m
p tio n tha t
o f th e b a in p la n e
th e to r q u e A n d th
r re m a a ft e r a p p lic a tio n of
ge m a n itu d e o f th e s h e a r s tr e
s s a t a
d ir e e tly it s d is t a n c e fr o m th
a s p o in t v a r ie s
\ e a x is o f th e b
In th is c h a te r w e
Wil\Này t h e th e o ry o f to r s io n o f r is a r
p ,

p m a t ie b a r s o f
erosssections , a s p u t fo r w a r d b n o n c ir c u lar
y S t V e n a n t in 1 8 5 5
? ı V e n a n t 's T
p ı i・
h e o ry
C o n s id e r a o r t i
p o n o fa
p r is m a t ic b a r s u b
is th e a x is o f th e b
a r p a r a ll l
je c t e d to tw is t T o z
e t o th e
p e r p e n d ic u la r a x e s o x a n d g e n e r a t o r a n d t il e m u tu ä ll
c y lie in t
y
s h o w n in F i
h e p la n e o f t
g 5 1 h e c r o s s s e c tio n a s

P ig 5 1 P r is m a t ic b a
p U n de r to 丁
r s io
n
Scanned by CamScanner
T O R S lO N BA R S
O F p R IS M A 1 1C

d y fo r c e s d u e t o g r a v it a t io n a l w e ig h t , e tc A r e n e g le
B o '

A c c o r d in t o S t V e n a n ť s th e o r y th e d e fo r m a t io n o f th e twiste
g
( ) r o t a t io n s o f th e c r o s s s e c tio n s o f th e b a r a s in th e
c o n s is t o f i

o f a c ir c u la r s h a ft (ii) w a r p in g o f t h e c r o s s s e c t io n s w h ic h i￠
,

s a n ıe fo r a lf c r o s s se c t io n s

L e t t h e in it ia l c o o r d in a te s o f a y

p o in t P b e (x , y z ) a n d o n tw is tin g ,

POSitive P c h a n g e s t o P (x + u x , y + u y ,
'
.
,

z + u . ), w h e r e ıt . Uy u . a r e s m a ll d is p la c e ,

m e n ts ,
a s s h o w n in F ig 5 2 T h e a n g le o f
ro t a t io n o f a cr o s s s e c t io n a t d is t a n c e z

fr o ig in is z e , w h e r e e is th e a n g le
n ı th e o r
O I
o f t w is t p e r u n it le n g th F o r e la s t ic d e fo r
x

m a t io n e is s m a ll a n d c o n s t a n t a lo n g t h e
F ig 5 2
le n g th o f th e b a r Th e n fr o m F ig 5 2 , w e

h a v e

X = f e o s c ['l y = T s in a
'
(ð . T s in a ôa ,
- T c o s a òa

H e n c e at. - ôx - r y ðh ,
u
fï - Tc ò a

d t ig in a l p la n e
f th e o f P by
is t a k e
p '
n ţo h a v e m o v e o u o o r

ie fr o p o in t t o p o in t , a n
d fo r a g iv e n
a m o u n t u . ; t h is a n ıo u n ţ v a r s m

fu t io f e, d is ex p re ss e d by
p o in t is a ls o a
n c n o a n

t o r s io fu t io
w he re q (x y ) is c a lle d t h è w a i ņg o r n n c n
,
f th e fo r e ,
t io n is in d e p e n d e n t o z re
p in g fu n c
,
S in c e th e w a r
ţ ds o f th e
l d in g
fr e e iy a t a ll s e c t io n s in c u
e n

w a r p in g t a k e s p la c e

ba r N o w

(5 4 )

Scanned by CamScanner
 236
r
U s iï ig H o o ke '
s la w ,
w e ge t

G e y +
Tz . Q y- .
ţ .

U k a r p ln
ifï e r e n ţ ia t in g a n d
g fu n c tio n , w e g e
t
su b tr æ t in g E q ß (5 5 ) to
, e lin n a tË 1

. 2 - I

ąy an
t io n by n e g le c tin g bod]ïTút
q u ilib r iu m e qu a
N o w th e o n ly e

18

(SL?)
Ć ðx

(5 5 )
î, (5 7 ) get
w e
S u b s t it u t in g E q s ,

み へ 。 2 月 伯洁
ðy -

ģ fu t io t t ie iu th L a p la
p in
th e u s s a e ee e q u á
H e n ce w a r n c n m

tio n

Let

w he re 中is a fu n c tio n d y , c a lle d th e

o fx a n s tr e is s fu n c t io n E q e (5 9 ,

Satis E q (5 T) a n d E q (5 6 ) b e c o m e s
2 2
ð ćl ￠
+ 2G e
& k .

o r

E q (5 1 0 ) is th e w e ll k n ? ils s o n
o w n o
'
8 e w a tio n fo r to m o
r is t ic b a r b o f n o n c ir c u la r
p
y cro s s se c tio n s
)
rppo6e th a t th e b o u n d a r y o f th e s e c t n i8 d e fın e «ı b y
(Lr , y ) s u c h th a t x - x fs ) a n d -
y y (s ) F ig 5 3 s h o w s a p a * o f 13
o f th e b a r p
,

e n d ic u la r to th
% p e a x ie w h e r e 8 i i
, ß n cr e a ß
d e c r e a s in g Ço n s id e r th e tr i
a n g u la r e le m
e n t Ä 9 C a t t]
T h e s h e a r s tr e s s e s o v e r th e t i
r a tı u a a re a ?
g
Con s id e r in g t h e e q iı
l il . o f fo c (

cu r v e d s u r fa c e o f th e o 3

Scanned by CamScanner
 EC BA RS

Tzx

Į s in e
Tzc 0 0 13 e

N o w s in e .

d 8

c o s e =
安
tz
y ď 8
Z
dx /d s

S u b s t it u t in g E q s (5 9 ) į n E q (5 1 1 ) ,
w e ge t

dy /4 8
d ĵc / d 8

・
彗宏 ・
一 。

or
tio
th e b o u n d a ry o f th e c r
o ss se c n
H en ce 中 cJOitant g a ļo n
Fo r s o lid b a i , t)is
= a '

t d c t io n s , e g
frı th e c a s e f s in g Jy c o n n e c e e le

i il a n d w e s
h a Įì ta k e it z e r o
o o n s ta n t e a n b e c h o s e n a T
b t r a r y
L ,

i d to g iv e a tw s
i t 0 i6 o b v io u B ly
T % e to r u e
q T ,
r e q u r e

dA
(p ￠ y - r

U s in g E q

彗勿
Scanned by CamScanner
 Ų

F ig 5 4

T 。 勿 中
；2
×1 01

jd x y 4 04 y 3 ￠s j:

02 l 3 4 0 o n th e b o u n d a r y
S in ce 1 - - .

T hu if a fų n
s c tio n + (x y ) c a n ,
b e fo u n d w h ic h is z e r o r o u n da
i f n d to b e a c o n s ta n t the
,
2
b o u n d a ry a n d if o n c a lc u la t in g v ￠it s o u
,

s h e a r s tress
,
2
GO ・ 0 b e s a tis fie d H e n c e th e
e q u a t io n V ￠+ 2
c a n

s e c tio n a n d th e to r q u e c a n
b e fo u n d % e
d is tr ib u tio n th r o u g h th e
l i
n t s h e a r s tr e s s a t a p o in t 8
n ıa g n itu d e o f th e r e s u ta

V
2

T -

) + =
gr ą

T h e to r s io n e q u a tio n v 2 ￠= 2 0 e a n d th e b o u n da ry
￠- c o n s ta n t - O is s a tis fie d Óy a s s u m in g

Scanned by CamScanner
 O F P R IS M A U C BA R S
S IO N
1ìo R

is a c o n s ta n t w ho s e v a lu
efe m e w ill b e d e t
e rm in e d 8
u b e tit
u t ir ı
2
g
V 2C e,
ge t
=
w e
2 2
ð￠ 2m ð 2m

1 1
.i5 7 7 2
a
万 十 二 二 = 2 G e

T he s tr e s s e s o m e

Thu s . - Ë + ・

2 G Ð
-
į
LyŻ + b Ą? Ī
4 cp + bz

qu ., T . a u + 4

三三川嵛 F
一 GB dJ cd y

(メ宇知 川
1 dx dy
。
一 2

x
2
dx dy

r , dy
2 ・ rr dx dy

T 2

Scanned by CamScanner
 240 T H EO R
y Op
esh r

3
ó3
T =
冗a
2
C e
(a + b 2)
3
. A b
2 dx W 'y ・
S in ce
.
4

2
如 勿 ー ム ー
苦
工
프

Ĵ í六 旬 - n a b

itte n a s
b w r
U s in g Eq (5 ) E q (3 ) c a n e
,

中一 月人エ 石
a n d th e s tr e ss co m po n e n ts b e co m e

i =
t z ac =
3 1

T he \ a te s t s tr e s s e s o c c u r a t th e b o u n daw o f th e b a r iv e
, g n
by ,

2
2 C e a 6 2T
= į
2
b2)
-
45 1
(a +
T he a n g le o f tw is t e i6 iv by
g e n
2
e .
T (a + 3
a a
n a b G
T o r s io n a l r ig id ity
,

ļ D
n a36 G

fro
= .
2
+ 52)
T o in
(5 5 ) a n d - v e s " tig a te th e w a 中 in g w k ie h o cc u rs
,

' "

(å j ,

Scanned by CamScanner
 İ S M A T IC BA RS
O F PR
0N
10
F 51 24 1

tin g w e ge t
In te g r a ,

0 is a ııa r b itr a r y c o n s t a n t
w h e re
At

H en ce

r e c ta ııg u la r h )r e r b o la s , w ho se a ey n ı p to te s th e
w b ic b a r e are ax e s

a s s h o w n in F ig 5 6
o ft
b e e llip ó e m *
irĘ l

Jnied

»dl
P ig 5 5
g ilte by
[ tn '
e d ia p la ce m e n t com po n en ts a re n

Ł ー
は。 - e z y
u y - e zr

t.
ı - e 中帊 y )
an d

X
h o s e n to b e
th e s tr e s s fu nc tio n is c
◆ aa }{w + ay + a)
￠) (￡
ąy
F iii«Æ X
its p e r im e te r
it w ill b e fo u n d to b e z e ro o n

Scanned by CamScanner
 24 2

le b a r tın d e r to p s io n
te r a l tr ia n g
F ig 5 6 E q u ila
2
a + . 18 m (a m x )

tio n V
2
￠= 2G e
T h e to r s io n e qu a ,

Ge a a % ą J ıi ım w +
is sa tis fie d w hen m -
l8 a

w he n

a ııd (6 ZÐ

a
is m a x in ıu n ı w he n x -

a ııd th e n hw ) a G e
ī
-

2a
d
a ıı ' = 0 w he n x =
w

stributiono f s h e a r
stresshas b e e n sho w n in F ig 5 6
a ty - o

T o Ħu T 2
e .
￠d x d

= Ge 4
a
5
P k 5 1 A
h a lt r o ta t in a t 2 5 o tp m ,
. squ a re s
to r q u to g
e e w h ic h is d
a c r em
e s ig n e đ to li t
C a s p e e d o f 1 0 m lm i
f m a ac im u ï rb I o
n If th e e f ic ie n c
e s tim a te th e s iz e o
ï y o f cr a n e gea r
f th e s h ctft fo r th e m ii a ?c e
n u m p
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner
Scanned by CamScanner