.

 DEFINITION OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

Knowledge is a fluid mix of contextual information, values, experience and rules

Knowledge Management is systematically & actively managing and leveraging stores of

knowledge in an organization. Organizational learning mechanisms Processes to create, gather,
store, maintain, and disseminate knowledge.

 Knowledge Management can be defined as a systematic discipline of policies, processes and

activities which empower organization to apply knowledge to improve effectiveness, innovation
and quality.

 Effective Knowledge Management means that an organization or network of partners (actors)

gets the right information to the right person at the right time in a user friendly and accessible
manner so that they can perform their jobs efficiently.

 Knowledge Management is defined as the creation, organization, sharing and use of

knowledge for development results.

 KM comprises all possible human and technology oriented interventions and measures which
are suited to optimize the production, reproduction, utilization and logistics of knowledge in an
organization.

  GENESIS OF KNOWLEDGE

Peter Ducker also defines “knowledge” is the capacity for effective action, clearly distinguishing
it from data and information.”

1. Knowledge is created by Human beings

2. Human needs and motivation leads to create a new knowledge

3. Everybody is Knowledge Worker

4. People to choose to their knowledge

5. Knowledge Management is not about Technology

6. Knowledge is born in Chaotic (State of being confused) Process.

DIMENSION OF KNOWLEDGE

According to Engel (1997) identifies four different dimensions of knowledge

First Knowledge can be seen as Cognition to perceive;

Second Knowledge is practical, intrinsically woven in daily practical life.

Third Knowledge can be perceived as a property of the individual, experience, observation and
reasoning

Fourth Knowledge is socially constructed, embedded in the social dynamics of organization,

community or group.

TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

TACIT AND EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE

TACIT/IMPLICIT KNOWLEDGE:

_ Skill or capability derived from knowledge and experience.

_Tacit knowledge resides in the mind of the individual.

_Tacit knowledge is more difficult to articulate or write down with formal language.

Tacit Knowledge is personal knowledge embedded in individual experience and involves

intangible factors such as personal belief, perspective and values.

Tacit knowledge can be communicated into words, models or numbers that can be understand
 EXPLICIT KNOWLEDGE

EK can be recorded digitally in documents, records, patents and other intellectual property
artifacts.

EK can be manipulated within the digital domain, can be articulated into formal language,
words, numbers can be processed by a computer, transmitted electronically or stored in
databases.

Knowledge can be expressed, articulated easily in words or numbers, and stored in databases.

Eg.Telephone Directory, an instruction manual, Report of research findings.

EK can be categorized as either Structured (Documents, databases) or Unstructured (e-mails,

images, training courses and audio & video that can't be retrieved

The Old Pyramid

Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom
Information that changes something or somebody— becoming grounds for action by making an
individual, or institution capable of different, more effective action Drucker, The New Realities

A few Foundation Principles and Building Concepts

Knowledge Influences Success

Knowledge Resides in the Heads of People

Two Types of Knowledge

 Codified

 Personalized

• Knowledge Sharing Requires a Conduit to Happen Systemically

• Technology is the conduit

• Knowledge Sharing Requires Trust

• KM embraces both the Knowledge Based organization and the Learning Organization

• KM has planned architectural frameworks

Knowledge Originates and Resides in the Heads of People.

Two Types of Knowledge

Explicit – knowledge: that is codified, recorded, or actualized into some form outside of
the head.
  Books, periodicals, journals, maps, photographs, audio-recordings

 Webpages, websites, portals

Tacit – Knowledge from experience and insight, not in a recorded form, but in our
heads, intuition

Intellectual capital -  Doesn’t mean much unless packaged in useful ways

 Technology and global environment is redefining “useful ways”

Technology Enables New Knowledge Behaviors

Technology shapes how we live (radio, television, computer, biotechnology)

Pushes KM, doesn’t drive it

Facilitates flow of knowledge

 One look, one feels

 Easy access

 Easy dissemination (push-pull)

 Different storage (from paper to digits.

Knowledge sharing and transfer requires trust

Trust is hard to build in cyberspace

Trust usually requires initial face-to-face

Sharing must be open and reciprocal

Based upon a commonality

Time to do so

Social identity in cyberspace

Shift from Managing Stocks of Stuff to Managing Flows of Knowledge

Librarians use to managing stuff

 Books

 Magazines

 Cassettes

Administrators use to managing stuff

 Buildings and furniture, land

 People

 Money

Automators use to Managing Stuff

 Computers

 Fiber optics

 Bandwidth

Knowledge Work Activities

1. Acquire
2. Analyze
3. Organize
4. Codify
5. Communicate
6. Utilize
7. Result

What is knowledge management?

Knowledge management (KM) is an effort to increase useful knowledge within the organization.
Ways to do this include encouraging communication, offering opportunities to learn, and
promoting the sharing of appropriate knowledge artifacts.

“The creation and subsequent management of an environment which encourages knowledge to

be created, shared, learnt, enhanced, and organized for the benefit of the organization and its
customers.