DENTAL MATERIALS

SCIENCE

Shilan Hameed
MSc in Prosthodontics
Introduction

◦ The dental materials are generally known

as biomaterials. A biomaterial is defined
as a non-living material that is implanted
in the biological environment for the
purpose of repairing or replacing the
diseased or damaged tissues.

2
INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL
MATERIALS
Clinical Performance?
◦Appropriate material selection
◦A knowledge and understanding of the
materials available
◦The optimum design of the restoration
◦A knowledge of how the material will
interact with the biological environment.
 Course Components
◦Basic science for dental materials
◦Clinical dental materials
◦laboratory and related dental materials
Classification of Materials
METALS
CERAMICS
POLYMERS
COMPOSITES
Dental Materials Requirements

◦ Safe
◦ Fit for purpose
◦ Each patient is different
◦ Easy to handle
◦ Appropriate properties
◦ Aesthetics
◦ Clinically efficacious
Why do teeth need to be
restored?
◦ Trauma
◦ Traffic accidents
◦ Sports injuries
◦ Tooth decay
◦ caries
◦ Tooth loss
◦ Caries – extraction
◦ Periodontal diseases – bone loss
◦ Revision
◦ Failed restorations
 DIRECT RESTORATIVE MATERIALS

•Dental amalgam

•Glass ionomer cements

•Resin modified glass ionomer cements

•Resin composites

•compomers
Indirect Restorative Materials
•REMOVABLE
1. Full denture
2. Partial denture

•FIXED

1.Metal crowns, bridges, inlays

2.Ceramic veneers, crowns and
inlays
3.Metal-ceramic crowns and bridges
Safety and biocompatibility of
the dental materials
 SAFETY VS BIOCOMPATIBILITY

SAFETY: means risk assessment

BIOCOMPATIBILITY: performing
specific application with good host
response.
What constitutes
“Evidence of safety”?

• BASIC RESEARCH
–Pre-market testing
• CLINICAL RESEARCH
–Post-market surveillance
 FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE BIOCOMPATIBILITY

1. The location of the material

2. The duration of the material in
the body
3. The stresses placed on the
material 15
Pre-market
testing
1. In vitro tests
 Cell toxicity
 Mutagenicity
 IN VITRO
TESTS
Advantages: Disadvantages:

1.Fast 1.Lack of relevance to the

in vivo situation.
2.Cheap
2. Lacks the complexity
3. Easily standardized

4. Conditions can be
tightly controlled
2. Animal tests (in vivo)

 Systemic toxicity
 Immune sensitization
 Inflammatory
response
 Animal tests (in vivo)

Advantages: Disadvantages:

1. More biological 1. Expensive

responses measured.
2. Difficulty of controlling
2. Complex biological the conditions
systems interact with
the tested material 3. Ethical concerns

4. Time required

5. Ability of replicating
the human species
3. Usage test (in vivo)

*Assessing the final clinical use of the

material

Advantages: Disadvantages:

Potentially high relevant 1. Extremely complex and

results comparing to difficult
practical usage.
2. Expensive
3. Ethical concerns

4. Time required
Adverse effects from dental materials

1. Toxicity

2. Inflammation

3. Allergy

4. Mutagenicity
Thank you for listening