Sorani Kurdish Vocabulary

Circumflexed vowels follow uncircumflexed vowels in alphabetization. The furtive i

is indicated by italicization, e.g. bâwik ‘father’ but bâwkî ‘his father.’
Abbreviations: adj. = adjective; cond. = conditional; demon. = demonstrative;
imprs. = impersonal (verb is always in the 3rd person singular); impt. = imperative;
pl. = plural; pron. = pronoun; sing. = singular; subj. = subjunctive; pres. = present;
v.i. = verb intransitive; v.p. = verb passive; v.t. = verb transitive (transitive implies
that the past tense is formed on the ergative model, not that the verb necessarily
takes a direct object either in Kurdish or in English).
Generally, compound verbs are listed under the nonverbal element of the com-
pound; compounds with frequently-occurring elements like dâ-, hał-, and pe- are
listed under the verb.
*
a- ‫ ﺋــــــﻪ‬habitual verbal prefix (Sulaymani the city; ~ i engaged in, practicing:
dialect); see da- ahl i îmân religious, ahl i kher chari-
-à ‫ ـﻪ‬directional suffix on verbs: chûmà table, ahl i kayf hedonistic; ~ la…dâ
shâr I went to town worthy of: fiłân la rafâqat’dâ zor ahl
adab ‫ ﺋــــﻪدﻩب‬literature, culture; ~î ‫ﺋــــﻪدﻩﰉ‬ a So-and-So is quite worthy of friend-
literary; ~iyât ‫ ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑﻴــﺎت‬literature; ~par- ship
war ‫ ﺋـﻪدﻩﺑﭙــﻪروﻩر‬patron of literature; be~ Aḥmad ‫ ﺋــــــﻪﲪــــــﻪد‬Ahmad, masc. proper
‫ﺋــــﻪدﻩب‬/ impolite; be~î ‫ﺋــــﻪدﻩﰉ‬/ impo- name
liteness aḥrâr ‫ ﺋﻪﺣﺮار‬liberals
adîb ‫ ﺋـــــﻪدﯾـــــﺐ‬litérateur, literary person, ajzâkhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﺋﻪﺟﺰا‬pharmacy
man of letters -aká ‫ ـﻪﮐـــــﻪ‬sing. definite suffix: pyâwaká
afandî ‫ ﺋــﻪﻓــﻪﻧــﺪی‬gentleman, anyone who the man
wears western clothes -akân ‫ ـﻪﰷن‬pl. definite suffix: pyâwakân
Afrâsiyâb ‫ﻴـﺎب‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺮا ــ‬Afrasiab, legendary the men
king of Turan akhlâq ‫ ـﻼق‬L‫ ﺋ ـﻪ‬morals, ethics; ~î ‫ ـﻼﰵ‬L‫ﺋ ـﻪ‬
Afrîqâ ‫ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ‬, Afrîqyâ ‫ ﺋﻪﻓﺮﯾﻘ;ﺎ‬Africa moral, ethical
afsar ‫ ﺋﻪﻓﺴﻪر‬officer Ałamânî ‫ﻪﻣﺎﱏ‬T‫ ﺋﻪ‬German
afsâna ‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﺎﻧـﻪ‬tale, legend; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﺎﻧـﻪﰃ‬al’ân ‫ ﺋﻪﻵن‬now
legendary alîktronî ‫ ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏ‬electronic
afsos ‫ ﺋﻪﻓﺴﯚس‬alas, alack am …á ‫ـﻪ‬...‫ ﺋﻪم‬this (demon. adj.)
afsûn-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺋـﻪﻓـﺴـﻮون‬v.t. to charm: ama ‫ ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬this (demon. pron.)
mâr afsûn dakât he charms snakes amag ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ‬goodness; ba~ ‫ ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ‬faith-
agar ‫ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪر‬if; ~chî ‫ ﺋـﻪﮔـﻪرﭼـﯽ‬even though, ful; ba~î ‫ ﺑـﻪﺋـﻪﻣـﻪﮔـﯽ‬fidelity; be~ ‫ﺋـﻪﻣـﻪگ‬/
even if unfaithful, faithless
agînâ ‫ ﺋﻪﮔﻴﻨﺎ‬if not, otherwise amak ‫ = ﺋﻪﻣﻪک‬amag
ahâlî ‫ ﺋــﻪﻫــﺎﱃ‬inhabitants, civilian popula- amal ‫( ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻪل‬also ‫ )`ـــﻪﻣـــﻪل‬operation; ~-
tion kirdin v.t. to have an operation
ahl ‫ ﺋـﻪﻫـﻞ‬inhabitant, resident: kâwrâ ahl i amarîk|â ‫ ـﲀ‬a‫ ﺋ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪر‬America; ~î ‫ ـﮑ ـﯽ‬a‫ﺋ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪر‬
shâr a the gentleman is a resident of American
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 SORANI KURDISH
amatâ c‫ ﺋﻪﻣﻪ‬here is, voici
amâna ‫ ﺋﻪﻣﺎﻧﻪ‬these (demon. pron.)
amârat ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﺎرﻩت‬emirate, principality; ~ a
darabagakân feudal principalities
amjâ ‫ ﺋﻪﳎﺎ‬now, at this time
amn ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻦ‬security; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﲎ‬pertaining to
security
amřo ‫ۆ‬g‫ ﺋﻪﻣ‬today
amshaw ‫ ﺋﻪﻣﺸﻪو‬tonight
amust ‫ ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳـﺖ‬finger; ~aweła ‫ــﻪ‬kl‫ـــﻪو‬
ring; ~basta ‫ـــﺘـــﻪ‬8‫ـــﻪﺳـــ‬m‫ـــ‬n‫ ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﻮﺳـــ‬fooled,
tricked
andâm ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪام‬member; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪاﻣـﯽ‬member-
ship
andâza ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ‬measurement; be~ ‫ﺋـﻪﻧـﺪازﻩ‬/
untold, limitless
andâzyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ﺋﻪﻧﺪاز‬engineer
anfâl ‫ ﺋـــﻪﻧـــﻔـــﺎل‬the Iraqi campaign against
the Kurds in 1988
ango ‫ﮕﯚ‬s‫ ﺋﻪ‬you
angus(t)‫ﮕﻮس‬s‫ ﺋﻪ‬،‫ﮕﻮﺳﺖ‬s‫ = ﺋﻪ‬amust
angûs ‫ﮕﻮوس‬s‫ = ﺋﻪ‬amust
anjâm ‫ ﺋ ـﻪﳒ ـﺎم‬end, result; ~-dân ‫ﺋ ـﻪﳒ ـﺎم دان‬
v.t. to accomplish, to do; la ~’dâ v
‫ ﺋـــﻪﳒـــﺎﻣـــﺪا‬in the end; la ~ i … awa as a
result of; be~ ‫ﺋــــﻪﳒــــﺎم‬/ ineffective, in-
consequential
anjuman ‫ ﺋﻪﳒﻮﻣﻪن‬council, board
‘antar ‫ ` ـﻪﻧ ـﺘ ـﻪر‬monkey; wak ‘antar i Lotî
Sâlih like Loti Salih’s monkey, “like
an organ grinder’s monkey,” an ob-
ject of pity and ridicule
‘aql ‫ `ﻪﻗﻞ‬mind, intelligence
‘ard ‫ = `ﻪرد‬arz2
are ‫ ﺋﻪرێ‬yes
ark (1) ‫ ﺋــــــﻪرک‬duty, responsibility: ark i
sar shânima khizmat bikam it’s my
duty to serve; (2) trouble, labor: hen-
dim ark dâwa nabetawa I’ve caused
unprecedented trouble
‘arsh ‫ `ﻪرش‬throne
arshîv ‫ﻴــﭫ‬8‫ ﺋـﻪرﺷـ‬archive; ~î ‫ـــﯽ‬ ‫ﻴﭭ‬8‫ ﺋـﻪرﺷـ‬archiv-
al
arz1 ‫ ﺋـــــــــﻪرز‬petition; ~-kirdin v.t. to say
(self-deprecating, of the 1st person
only: arzim kird I said); to petition:
arzî ba pâshâ kird la shitèk he
petitioned the king for something
arz2 ‫ ﺋﻪرز‬earth, land
Arzařom ‫ ﺋﻪرزﻩڕۆم‬Erzerum
arzîng ‫ ﺋﻪرزﯾﻨﮓ‬chin, dimple in the chin
ashîrat ‫ ﺋﻪﺷﲑﻩت‬tribe
ashkanja ‫ ﺋـﻪﺷـﮑـﻪﳒـﻪ‬torture; ~-dân v.t. to
torture; ~-dirân v.p. to be tortured
‫ﺘ‬8‫ﺋـﻪﻣـﻮﺳ‬ ashkawt ‫ = ﺋﻪﺷﮑﻪوت‬shikaft
ashq ‫ ﺋﻪﺷﻖ‬love
ashrâf ‫ ﺋـــــﻪﴍاف‬dignitaries, eminent per-
sons
asht ‫ ﺋﻪﺷﺖ‬wage
asîr ‫ ﺋﻪﺳﲑ‬prisoner
aslaḥa ‫„ ـﻪ‬ƒ‫ ﺋ ـﻪﺳ ـ‬weapons, arms: ba asla-
ḥawa armed
asp ‫ ﺋﻪﺳﭗ‬horse
aspanâgh ‫ﭙﻪ‡غ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬spinach
aspârdin ‫ﭙﺎردن‬8‫ = ﺋﻪﺳ‬spârdin
aspâyî ‫ﭙﺎﱙ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬stealth; ba ~ stealthily
aspe ‰Š‫ﭙ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬louse, mite
asrîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﺋﻪﴎ‬tear
Astamûl ‫ﺘﻪﻣﻮول‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬Istanbul
aster ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬pool
astera ‫ﺮﻩ‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬star
asterok ‫ﺮۆک‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬firefly
asto ‫ ـﺘ ـﯚ‬8‫ ﺋ ـﻪﺳ ـ‬neck, thick part of the neck;
girtinà ~ v.t. to assume the burden of
astûr ‫ﺘﻮور‬8‫ ﺋﻪﺳ‬thick
atom ‫ ﺋـــــﻪﺗـــــﯚم‬atom: hez i ~ power of the
atom; ~î atomic
atrash ‫ــــــﺮﻩش‬Ž‫ ﺋــــــﻪ‬gall: atrashyân chûbû
they had lost their gall
avîndâr ‫ ﺋﻪﭬ;ﻨﺪار‬lover
aw ‫ ﺋـــــﻪو‬he, she, it (3rd-person sing. pro-
noun); that (sing. demon. pron.); ~
…á that, those (demon. adj.): aw
shitá that thing, aw shitâná those
things
awá ‫ ﺋــــــــﻪوﻩ‬that (demon. pron.); bo ~î in
order that; ~ khwâya God willing
awa ‫( ﺋــــــــــﻪوﻩ‬with present verb indicates
progressive): min awa la birsâ da-
mirim I’m dying of hunger
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 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
-awa ‫( ـﻪوﻩ‬postposition, with preposition
la; contracts to -wa after vowels)
from
awal ‫ ﺋﻪوﻩل‬first
awanda ‫ ﺋـــﻪوﻩﻧـــﺪﻩ‬so much, thus; ~ i tir so
much the more; dû ~ twice as much:
min dû awanda’t dadamè I’ll give
you twice as much
awatâ c‫ ﺋﻪوﻩ‬there is, voilà
awâ ‫ ﺋـﻪوا‬then; ~ hât u ‫ ﺋـﻪوا ﻫـﺎت و‬suppose:
awâ hât u kurdèk habû suppose there
was a Kurd who …
awân ‫ ﺋﻪوان‬they; ~a ‫ ﺋﻪواﻧﻪ‬those
‘awdâl ‫ `ﻪودال‬wandering
awe ‫ ﺋــــــــﻪوێ‬there; l’ ~ ‫وێ‬v there, in that
place; l’ ~wa ‫ــــــﻮﻩ‬l‫و‬v from there, from
that place
awîn ‫ــﻦ‬a‫ ﺋــﻪو‬love; ~dâr ‫ ﺋــﻪوﯾــﻨــﺪار‬lover, in
love
awjâ ‫ ﺋﻪو•ﺎ‬then, subsequently
Awrupâ ‫ ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎ‬Europe; ~î ‫ ﺋـﻪوروﭘـﺎﱙ‬Euro-
pean
awsâ ‫ ﺋﻪوﺳﺎ‬then, at that time
awto ‫ ﺋﻪوﺗﯚ‬so much, such a
ay ‫ ﺋـﻪی‬O (vocative particle); oh; now: ay
kay det? who’s coming now?
ayâr ‫ر‬p‫ ﺋﻪ‬May
‘aybat ‫ `ﻪﯾﺒﻪت‬fear, terror
aylûl ‫ ﺋﻪﯾﻠﻮول‬September
‘aynak ‫ `ﻪﯾﻨﻪک‬eyeglasses
azhdîhâ ‫ ﺋﻪژدﳞﺎ‬dragon, serpent
azhîhâ ‫ = ﺋﻪژﳞﺎ‬azhdîha
azhno ‫ ﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ‬knee; dastaw-~ ‫ــﺘـﻪو ﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ‬8 ‫دﻩﺳ‬
grieving, mourning
azîz ‫ــﺰ‬a‫ `ــﻪز‬dear; ~-kirdin v.t. to pamper;
~-kiran v.p. to be spoiled; ~kirâw
‫ﺮاو‬B‫ﺰ‬a‫ `ﻪز‬pampered, spoiled
-â ‫( ا‬contracted form of the postposition
’dâ, q.v.)
âb ‫ ﺋﺎب‬August
âbłoqa ‫ﯚﻗﻪ‬k‫ ﺋﺎﺑ‬siege; ~-dân v.t. to besiege
âbřû ‫وو‬g‫ ﺋــــﺎ–ــــ‬honor, modesty, shame; ~-
birdin v.t. to dishonor, shame; ~-
tikândin v.t. to dishonor; ~bar
‫ووﺑـــــﻪر‬g‫ ﺋـــــﺎ–ـــــ‬shameful, dishonorable;
165
~chûn ‫ووﭼﻮون‬g–‫ ﺋﺎ‬indignity
âbuhawâ ‫ ﺋﺎﺑﻮﻫﻪوا‬climate
âbunmân ‫ ﺋﺎﺑﻮﳕﺎن‬subscription
âborî ‫ ﺋﺎﺑﯚری‬economy, economic
âdamî ‫ ﺋــــﺎدﻩﻣــــﯽ‬human being; ~zâ(d) hu-
man being
âday ‫ ﺋﺎدﻩی‬now then
âfarîn ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ ﺋـــﺎﻓـــﻪر‬bravo; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
applaud
âfâq ‫ ﺋﺎﻓﺎق‬horizons
âfrat ‫ ﺋﺎﻓﺮﻩت‬woman
âgâ ‫ ﺋــــ˜ﮔــــﺎ‬aware: ~t l’ aw kârá haya? are
you aware of that?; (2) awake: khaw-
tûa yân ~ya? is he asleep or awake?;
~-bûn la v.i. to be aware of; ~-kirdin
v.t. to inform; ~dâr ‫ ﺋـ˜ﮔـﺎدار‬la aware of,
careful of; ~dârî ‫ ﺋـــ˜ﮔـــﺎداری‬awareness,
care, attention, information
âgir ‫ ﺋ˜ﮔﺮ‬fire; ~dân ‫ ﺋ˜ﮔﺮدان‬fireplace
âghâ ‫ ﺋﺎ™ﺎ‬agha, title of feudal lord
âhang ‫ـــﮓ‬s‫ ﺋـــﺎﻫـــﻪ‬entertainment, party; ~-
geřân to hold a party, give an enter-
tainment
âîn ‫ ﺋﺎﺋﲔ‬religion; ~î ‫ ﺋﺎﺋ›ﲎ‬religious
âkâm ‫ ﺋــــــــ˜ﰷم‬end, result: la ~’(d)â in the
end, finally
âkâr ‫ ﺋ˜ﰷر‬conduct, morals
âkh ‫ ﺋـــــــــــﺎخ‬earth, grave; exclamation of
pleasure
âkhâwtin ‫ــﻦ‬Ž‫ــﺎو‬L‫ ﺋــﺎ‬conversational, collo-
quial
âkhir ‫ ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮ‬end; (exclamation) well now!,
after all!; ~ u okhir ‫ ﺋـــﺎﺧـــﺮوﺋـــﻮﺧـــﺮ‬latter
part, near the end: la ~ i pâyiz dâ
toward the end of autumn; ~amîn
‫ ﺋـﺎﺧـﺮﻩﻣـﲔ‬last: awa ~ jâr be pet biłem let
this be the last time I tell you; ~î
‫ ﺋﺎﺧﺮی‬final, last
âkhnîn ‫ ـﲔ‬ž‫ ﺋ ـﺎﺧ ـ‬v.t. to stuff; hał-~ to stuff
full, cram full
âkho ‫ ﺋﺎﺧﯚ‬ah, exclamation of pleasure
âl ‫ ﺋﺎل‬red, flushed
âłâ Ÿ‫ ﺋﺎ‬pen; flag, banner
âłân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ ﺋـــــﺎ‬âłe- ‰‫ـــــ‬T‫ ﺋـــــﺎ‬v.i. to be twisted,
wrapped
 SORANI KURDISH
âłândin ‫ﻧـــﺪن‬Ÿ‫ ﺋـــﺎ‬âłên- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ـــ‬T‫ ﺋـــﺎ‬v.t. to twist
(trs.)
âlât ‫ ﺋﺎﻻت‬tools, implements
âlik ‫ﮏ‬¢‫ﺋﺎ‬, âlîk ‫ ﺋﺎﻟﻴﮏ‬forage, fodder
Âlmân ‫ ﺋﺎﳌﺎن‬Germany
âłosh ‫ﯚش‬T‫ ﺋﺎ‬itch
âłqa ‫ﻘــﻪ‬T‫ ﺋـﺎ‬ring, knocker; ~rez ‫ـﺰ‬¤‫ﻘــﻪر‬T‫ ﺋـﺎ‬ditto;
~rez i dargâ kutân v.t. to knock at a
door
âłtûn ‫ﺘﻮون‬T‫ ﺋﺎ‬gold
âługoř ‫ـــﻮﮔـــﯚڕ‬T‫ ﺋـــﺎ‬change; ~-kirdin v.t. to
change, to alter
âłû ‫ﻮو‬T‫ ﺋﺎ‬tonsils
âmâda ‫ ﺋـﺎﻣـﺎدﻩ‬ready; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
ready, prepare
âmânat ‫ ﺋــﺎﻣــﺎﻧــﻪت‬trust, safekeeping; ba ~
dânà dast i … v.t. to give into the
safekeeping of; ba ~ spârdin ba …
v.t. to entrust to
âmânj ‫ ﺋﺎﻣﺎﱋ‬target, goal
âmo ‫ ﺋﺎﻣﯚ‬paternal uncle; ~zâ ‫ ﺋﺎﻣﯚزا‬cousin
âmozhgârî-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺋــﺎﻣــﯚژﮔــﺎری‬v.t. to
advise
âmřâz ‫از‬g‫ ﺋﺎﻣ‬instrument, implement, tool
âmyân ‫ ﺋﺎﻣ;ﺎن‬yoghurt starter, leaven
ânîshk ‫ ﺋﺎﻧ›ﺸﮏ‬elbow
ânqast (la ~) ‫ ﺋـﺎﻧـﻘـﻪﺳـﺖ‬on purpose, delib-
erately
âpo ‫ ﺋﺎﭘﯚ‬paternal uncle
âpor ‫ ﺋﺎﭘﯚر‬calamity
âpora ‫ ﺋــﺎﭘــﯚرﻩ‬crowd; ~-dân v.t. to crowd:
khałkèk i zor la dawr i mizgawt ~yân
dâwa many people have crowded
around the mosque
âraq(a) ‫ ﺋـﺎرﻩق‬،‫ ﺋـﺎرﻩﻗـﻪ‬sweat; ~-kirdinawa
v.t. to sweat; ~-rishtin v.t. to sweat
ârazû ‫ ﺋـﺎرﻩزوو‬wish, hope; ~kar ‫ﺋـﺎرﻩزووﮐـﻪر‬
desirous, wishful; ~mand ‫ﺋـــﺎرﻩزووﻣـــﻪﻧـــﺪ‬
hopeful; ~-kirdin v.t. to wish, desire
ârâm ‫ ﺋـــــﺎرام‬calm; ~-girtin v.t. to be still,
patient, calm down; ~ biřrân la(bar)
v.p. to lose patience: wazîr ârâm’î le
hałdagîre the vizier loses his pa-
tience; be~ ‫ﺋــــــــﺎرام‬/ impatient; be~î /
‫ ﺋﺎراﻣﯽ‬impatience
166
ârân ‫ ﺋﺎران‬winter quarters
ârâsta ‫ـﺘـﻪ‬8‫ ﺋـﺎراﺳـ‬direction; ~-kirdin v.t. to
direct: bînarân datwânin pirsyâra-
kânyân ârâsta i mewân i barnâmaká
bikan viewers can direct their ques-
tions at the guest of the program;
~kar ‫ﺘﻪﮐﻪر‬8‫ ﺋﺎراﺳ‬steering, guiding
ârd ‫ ﺋﺎرد‬flour; ~amshâr ‫ ﺋﺎردﻩﻣﺸﺎر‬sawdust
ârkolozhiyâ p‫ ﺋﺎرﮐﯚﻟﯚژ‬archaeology
ârû ‫ ﺋﺎروو‬cucumber
âs ‫ ﺋﺎس‬ace (cards)
âsawâr ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﻪوار‬remains
âsâ ‫( ﺋـﺎﺳـﺎ‬postposition) like: min’îsh khot
âsâ am kârá’m kird I, like you, did
this; ~î normal, usual
âsân ‫ ﺋــﺎﺳــﺎن‬easy; ~-kirdin v.t. to simpli-
fy; ~î ease: ba âsânî with ease, easily
âsâyish ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﺎ§ﺶ‬peace, security
âsh ‫ ﺋـﺎش‬mill; ~awân ‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـﻪوان‬miller; ~geř
gŒ‫ ﺋﺎﺷﮕ‬water that turns a mill
âshbattâł ‫ﺒﻪﺗﺘﺎڵ‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺷ‬cease-fire
âshkirâ ‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـﮑـﺮا‬clear, obvious; public; ~-
bûn v.i. to be clear, obvious; to be-
come public; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
clear, clarify
âshnâ ‫ﻨـﺎ‬8‫ﺷ‬
‫ ـﺋ ﺎ ــ‬acquainted, friendly; expert;
~yatî ‫ﻨﺎﯾﻪﰏ‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺷ‬acquaintance
âsht ‫ ـﺋ ﺎﺷـﺖ‬on good terms; ~-bûnawa v.i.
to be reconciled; ~î ‫ـــﱴ‬8‫ ﺋـــﺎﺷـــ‬peace, re-
conciliation; ~îkhwâz ‫ـ;ـﺨـﻮاز‬n‫ ﺋـﺎﺷـ‬seek-
ing reconciliation
âsik ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﮏ‬gazelle, deer
âsin ‫ ﺋــــــﺎﺳــــــﻦ‬iron; ~ i sârd kutân to do
something useless; ~gar ‫ــــــﻨـــﮕـــﻪر‬8 ‫ﺋـــﺎﺳ‬
blacksmith
Âsiyâ ‫ﻴﺎ‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺳ‬Asia
âsmân ‫ ﺋــــﺎﺳــــﲈن‬sky; ~ i dûr la zawîawa
outer space; ~î of the sky, heavenly,
blue
âso ‫ ﺋﺎﺳﯚ‬horizon
âst ‫ﺋﺎﺳﺖ‬: la ~e kho in spite of oneself
âstam ‫ـﺘـﻪم‬8‫ ﺋـﺎﺳـ‬slight: namirdibû u ba âs-
tam gyân’î te’dâ mâbû he wasn’t
dead, for there was a slight trace of
life still in him; ba ~(èk) slightly:
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dastim ba ~èk rûshâwa my hand is
slightly scratched; (2) difficult to
cross: Taragha kewèk i ~a Taragha is
a difficult mountain to get across
âsûda ‫ ﺋـــﺎﺳـــﻮودﻩ‬in comfort, comfortable;
~-kirdin v.t. to make comfortable; ~î
‫ ﺋـﺎﺳـﻮودﻩﱙ‬comfort, prosperity; kawtinà
~îawa to become prosperous
âtar ‫ ﺋﺎﺗﻪر‬fire
âtashbâzî ‫ﺒﺎزی‬8‫ ﺋﺎﺗﻪﺷ‬fireworks
âw ‫ ﺋـــﺎو‬water; ~î ‫ ﺋـــﺎوی‬watery; light blue;
~řishen ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺋـــﺎوڕﺷـــ‬sprinkling, spraying
with water
âwadân ‫ ﺋﺎوﻩدان‬flourishing
âwał ‫ ﺋﺎوﻩڵ‬friend, companion
âwâ ‫ ﺋــــــــــﺎوا‬thus; flourishing, prosperous
(land); ~-bûn to disappear; to be
gone, over: rozh âwâ be, demà mâł-
tân when day is done I’ll come to
you; ~-kirdin v.t. to develop; ~dân
‫ ﺋــــــــــــــﺎوادان‬flourishing, prosperous; ~î
‫ ﺋـﺎواداﱏ‬village, settlement; ~kirdinawa
development
âwâł ‫ ﺋـــــــــــــﺎواڵ‬companion, mate; ~kirâs
‫ﮑﺮاس‬T‫ ﺋﺎوا‬women’s trousers
âwâra ‫ ﺋﺎوارﻩ‬wanderer, vagabond
âwât ‫ ﺋـــــﺎوات‬desire: ~ i dił the heart’s de-
sire; ~-khwâstin bo to wish for,
desire; ~akhwâz ‫ ﺋـــﺎواﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮاز‬desirous,
hopeful
âwâz ‫ ﺋ ـﺎواز‬tune, melody; ~a ‫ ﺋ ـﺎوازﻩ‬reputa-
tion; ~akhwân ‫ ﺋــــﺎوازﻩﺧــــﻮان‬singer; ~a-
khwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﺋﺎوازﻩﺧﻮ‬singer
âwena ‫ﻨﻪ‬l‫ ﺋﺎو‬mirror
âwezha ‫ﮋﻩ‬¤‫ ﺋﺎو‬swamp
âwhâ ‫ ﺋﺎوﻫﺎ‬thus, of this sort
âwir ‫ ﺋﺎور‬fire; pregnant
âwiř ‫ ﺋـﺎوڕ‬backward glance; ~-dânawa la
v.t. to look over the shoulder at, to
look back at
âwis ‫ ﺋﺎوس‬pregnant
âwrîshim ‫ ﺋـــﺎور§ـــﺸـــﻢ‬silk; ~în ‫ﺋـــﺎور§ـــﺸـــﻤـــﲔ‬
silken, made of silk
âwru ‫ ﺋﺎورو‬honor
âwsân ‫ ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎن‬âwse- ‰‫ ﺋـﺎوﺳـ‬v.i. to swell; to
167
warp
âwsâna ‫ ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪ‬fable, legend; ~î ‫ﺋـﺎوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪﱙ‬
fabulous, legendary
âwus ‫ = ﺋﺎووس‬âwis
ây ‫ ﺋﺎی‬O (vocative particle)
âyâ p‫ ﺋﺎ‬interrogative particle
âyin ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﺋﺎ‬religion; ~î traditional; religious
âyina ‫ ﺋﺎﯾﻨﻪ‬mirror
âyinda ‫ ﺋــــﺎﯾــــﻨــــﺪﻩ‬future, coming, next: do
rozh i âyinda two days later
âzâ ‫ ﺋـﺎزا‬brave; ~î ‫ ﺋـﺎزاﰃ‬bravery; ~yatî ‫ﺋـﺎزاﯾـﻪ‬
‫ ﰏ‬act of bravery, feat
âzâd ‫ ﺋــــــﺎزاد‬free; ~-kirdin v.t. to set free;
~î ‫ ﺋﺎزادى‬freedom
âzâna ‫ ﺋﺎزاﻧﻪ‬bravely, courageously
âzâr1 ‫ ﺋـــﺎزار‬bother, annoyance; pain, mal-
ady; ~-kirdin v.t. to bother, annoy
âzâr2 ‫ ﺋﺎزار‬March
âzâyâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬p‫ = ﺋﺎزا‬âzâna
âzhal ‫ ﺋﺎژﻩل‬flocks, herds
âzhâwa ‫ ﺋﺎژاوﻩ‬commotion, uproar
âzûqa ‫ ﺋﺎزووﻗﻪ‬provisions, stores
b- pres. stem of bûn
ba ‫( ﺑـــــــــــﻪ‬with enclitic pronouns pre- or
postposed, pe ‰Š‫ )ﭘ ـ‬to; by, with (instru-
mental); by (with passives): hîchit pe
nâkire nothing can be done by you
ba-1 ‫ ﺑــــﻪ‬for compound adjectives formed
from ba-, such as barez, bakhabar,
banâwbâng, see next element
ba-2 ‫ ﺑﻪ‬pres. stem of birdin
badbakht ‫ﺑ ـﻪدﺑ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖ‬unfortunate; ~î ‫ﺑ ـﻪدﺑ ـﻪ‬
‫ ﺧﱴ‬misfortune; bo ~î unfortunately
bafr ‫ﺑـــﻪﻓـــﺮ‬snow; ~-girtin v.t. for snow to
cover s.th.: bafr girtûyatî it is covered
with snow; ~ânbâr ‫ ﺑـﻪﻓـﺮاﻧـﺒـﺎر‬the month
of Capricorn (December 22–January
20)
bag ‫ ﺑﻪگ‬lord, master
Baghdâ ‫ ﺑﻪ™ﺪا‬Baghdad
baghîl ‫ﻏﻴـﻞ‬ ‫ ﺑـﻪ ـ‬stingy; jealous; ~î jealousy;
~î hâtin la v.i. to be jealous: baghî-
lî’yân le dahât they were jealous
bahałategayshtin ‫ﮕـﻪ ـ§ﺸـﱳ‬²‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﻪ ـ ـ‬T‫ ﺑـﻪﻫـﻪ‬misun-
 SORANI KURDISH
derstanding
bahâr ‫ ﺑﻪﻫﺎر‬spring
bahra ‫ ﺑــﻪﻫــﺮﻩ‬benefit, lot; ~-birdin la v.t.
to derive benefit from
baḥrî ‫ ﺑـﻪﺣـﺮی‬merhorse, a fabulous magi-
cal horse common in Iranian fairy
tales
bakesh-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ـــﺶ‬Œ‫ ﺑـــﻪﮐـــ‬v.t. to drag,
haul: ba zor bakesh’î kirdim bo lâ i
qâzî he hauled me before the judge by
force
bakhew-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺑـــﻪﺧـــ´ـــﻮ‬v.t. to take
care of, to raise (a child)
bakht ‫ ﺑـﻪﺧـﺖ‬luck; ~-kirdin v.t. to risk, to
sacrifice; ~ kirânawa v.p. to have a
stroke of luck: bakhtî kirâwatawa he
has had a stroke of luck; ~awar
lucky; ~iyâr prosperous; ~iyârî pros-
perity
Bakhtak ‫ــــﻪک‬µ‫ ﺑــــﻪﺧــــ‬Bakhtak, Anoshar-
wan’s vizier
balangâz ‫ﮕﺎز‬sv‫ ﺑﻪ‬poor, destitute
bałâm ‫م‬Ÿ‫ ﺑﻪ‬but (conj.)
báłe ‰T‫ ﺑﻪ‬yes
bałen ‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ــــ‬T‫ ﺑــــﻪ‬promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to
make a promise to
bałga ‫ﮕﻪ‬T‫ ﺑﻪ‬document; proof
báłka ‫ﮑﻪ‬T‫ ﺑﻪ‬but, rather
báłku ‫ﮑﻮ‬T‫ﺑﻪ‬, báłkû ‫ﮑﻮو‬T‫ ﺑﻪ‬maybe, perhaps
banakhun ‫ ﺑﻪﻧﻪﺧﻮن‬drawstring (trousers)
banâ ‡‫ ﺑﻪ‬builder
banâwbâng ‫ـــــــﮓ‬s¶‫ ﺑـــــــﻪ‡و‬famous, well-
known
band ‫ ﺑــﻪﻧــﺪ‬prison, dungeon; joint; magic
spell; dam; ~ hał-witin ba to say a
spell over; ~î ‫ ﺑـﻪﻧـﺪی‬prisoner; ~îkhâna
‫ ﺑﻪﻧﺪﳜﺎﻧﻪ‬prison
bandan ‫ ﺑﻪﻧﺪﻩن‬mountain
bar ‫ ﺑـــــــﻪر‬chest, breast; fore; ~ la before,
pre-; ~-bûn v.i. to get free; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to fall; ~-dân v.t. to set free; ~-
girtin v.t. to cover, obscure: hawrèk i
rash bar i âsmânî girt a black cloud
obscured the sky; ~-kirdin v.t. to put
on, wear; ~dam front; la ~ for the
168
sake of, because of; la ~ …’dâ in
front of; la ~ …awa to, with, in the
presence of: la bar khoyawa gutî he
said to himself; ~la ~ awaî because;
la ~ kirdin v.t. to put on, wear; la
~ân i throughout the length and
breadth of; la ~dam i in front of; la ~
dast i …’dâ in the presence of, in
front of, with; lamaw~ previously,
before; (2) fruit, produce
bař ‫ ﺑﻪڕ‬rug, flat-woven carpet
bar- ‫ ﺑﻪر‬impt. stem of birdin
bara1 ‫ ﺑﻪرﻩ‬tribe, tribal division
bara2 ‫ ﺑــــﻪرﻩ‬bit; bara-bara little by little,
gradually
bara3 i ‫ ﺑﻪرﻩی‬toward
bařa ‫ = ﺑﻪڕﻩ‬bař
barabayân ‫ن‬p‫ ﺑﻪرﻩﺑﻪ‬at dawn
barałâ Ÿ‫ ﺑ ـﻪرﻩ‬free, unhampered; ~-kirdin
to set free, turn loose: min barałâ i
kołânân dakrem I’ll be turned out into
the streets
barangâr-bûnawa ‫ـﮕـﺎر ﺑـﻮوﻧـﻪوﻩ‬s‫ ﺑـﻪرﻩ‬v.i. to
fight with, oppose, resist: dayawe
dastdrezhî’y bikâtà sar bałâm kichá
barangâr’î dabetawa he wants to
violate her, but the girl resists him
barawa ‫( ﺑـــــــﻪرﻩوﻩ‬impt. sing. of bûnawa)
be … again
baraw|zher ‫ــــــــﺮ‬¤‫ ﺑــــــــﻪرﻩوژ‬headed down;
~zhûr ‫ ﺑﻪرﻩوژوور‬headed up
barâmbar ‫ــﻪر‬m‫ ﺑـﻪراﻣ‬in the face of, against;
~ ba facing
barâward-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺑــــــﻪراوﻩرد‬v.t. to
make a comparison
barâz ‫ ﺑﻪراز‬boar
barbîn ‫ ﺑ ـﻪرﺑ ـﲔ‬base of the throat; ~-girtin
to grab by the throat
barchâw ‫ ﺑﻪر¸ﺎو‬see châw
bard ‫ ﺑــﻪرد‬stone: dawr i ~ the Stone Age;
wirda~ ‫ وردﻩﺑـــــــﻪرد‬pebble, small stone;
~ałânî ‫ﱏ‬Ÿ‫ ﺑﻪردﻩ‬rocky
bardast ‫ ﺑﻪردﻩﺳﺖ‬errand boy; available
bardawâm ‫ ﺑـﻪردﻩوام‬constant(ly), continu-
al(ly); ~-bûn v.i. to be persistent,
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
steady; ~bûn continuation, continu-
ance
bařewabar ‫ــﻮﻩﺑــﻪر‬l‫ ﺑــﻪڕ‬director, manager;
~âyatî ‫ـﻮﻩﺑـﻪراﯾـﻪﰏ‬l‫ ﺑـﻪڕ‬administration, di-
rectorate
bařez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﺑﻪڕ‬see rez
barg ‫ ﺑــــــــﻪرگ‬clothes; cover; da ~ girtin
v.t. to wrap in a cover; ~dirû ‫ﺑــﻪرﮔــﺪروو‬
tailor
barga ‫ ﺑـــﻪرﮔـــﻪ‬power, ability; ~-girtin v.t.
to resist
barhałist ‫ﺴﺖ‬T‫ ﺑﻪرﻫﻪ‬obstacle
barham ‫ ﺑـــﻪرﻫـــﻪم‬fruit, produce; ~-henân
v.t. to bear fruit, be productive; ~he-
nar ‫ﻨﻪر‬²¹‫ ﺑﻪرﻫﻪ‬productive
barîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ ﺑﻪر‬pocket
Barîtânyâ ‫ ﺑﻪرﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬Britain
barkh ‫ ﺑﻪرخ‬lamb
barkosh ‫ ﺑﻪرﮐﯚش‬apron, smock
barnâma ‫ ﺑﻪر‡ﻣﻪ‬program
barok ‫ ﺑــــــــﻪرۆک‬collar; ~-bar-dân v.t. to
leave alone, stop pestering; ~-girtin
v.t. to pester
barpirs ‫ـﺮس‬º‫ ﺑـﻪر‬responsible, in authority;
~yâr ‫ﻴﺎر‬8‫ﺮﺳ‬º‫ ﺑﻪر‬responsible
barqâsâ ‫ ﺑــﻪرﻗــﺎﺳــﺎ‬with the speed of light-
ning
barz ‫ ﺑــــﻪرز‬high, tall, loud: ba dang i ~ in
a loud voice; ~ape ‰Š‫ ﺑــــﻪرزﻩﭘــــ‬standing,
upright; ~âî ‫ ﺑــــﻪرزاﰃ‬highness, tallness;
high place
barzhawandî ‫ ﺑﻪرژﻩوﻩﻧﺪی‬interests
barzwulâkh ‫ ﺑﻪرزووﻻخ‬horse
bas ‫ ﺑﻪس‬enough
basarhât ‫ ﺑﻪﺳﻪرﻫﺎت‬adventure
basâłâchû ‫ﭼﻮو‬Ÿ‫ ﺑﻪﺳﺎ‬aged
basâm ‫ ﺑﻪﺳﺎم‬frightening, terrible
bash ‫ ﺑــــــــﻪش‬section, share; omen; ~ i …
kirdin v.t. to suffice for …; ~akher
‫ــﺮ‬ŒL‫ ﺑـﻪﺷـﻪ‬handout, charity; ~-kirdin v.t.
to be enough: aw toza bashim nâkâ
that little bit is not enough for me;
~dâr ‫ ﺑـــﻪﺷـــﺪار‬participant; ~dârbûn ‫ﺑـــﻪ‬
‫ ﺷـــﺪارﺑـــﻮون‬participation; ~dârî-kirdin
v.t. to participate; ~ko ‫ ﺑـﻪﺷـﮑـﯚ‬corpora-
169
tion
bashka ‫ ﺑ ـﻪﺷ ـﮑ ـﻪ‬, bashkim ‫ ﺑ ـﻪﺷ ـﲂ‬maybe,
perhaps
bashûdân ‫ ﺑﻪﺷﻮودان‬see under shû
basizmân ‫ ﺑﻪ¼ﻣﺎن‬poor, unfortunate
ba‘sî ‫ ﺑــــﻪﻋــــﴗ‬Baathist, member of Sad-
dam Hussein’s ruling party in Iraq
bastazmân ‫ﺘﻪزﻣﺎن‬8‫ ﺑﻪﺳ‬poor, wretched
bast|in ‫ ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱳ‬bast- ‫ ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﺖ‬v.t. to tie, to
freeze; ~rân ‫ ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱰان‬bastre- ‫ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱰێ‬
v.p. to be tied, frozen: la tirsân zibânî
bastrâ his tongue was frozen from
fear; ~rânawa ‫ ﺑـﻪﺳـﱰاﻧـﻪوﻩ‬v.p. to be tied
up: la hamû lâyèkawa asp bastrâwa-
tawa horses were tied up on every
side
batâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ ﺑـﻪ‬over, finished; empty; invalid,
unemployed: brâyèkim batâła one of
my brothers is out of work; ~-bûn v.i.
to be over, come to an end; ~-kirdin
v.t. to stop, cease: har nîwařo batâł-
mân kird we stopped just at noon; ~î
‫ﻰ‬Tc‫ ﺑﻪ‬idleness
batâqî-kirdinawa ‫ ـﺮدﻧ ـﻪوﻩ‬B ‫ﰵ‬c‫ ﺑ ـﻪ‬v.t. to in-
vestigate
bayânî ‫ﱏ‬p‫ ﺑﻪ‬morning
baybûn ‫ ﺑﻪﯾﺒﻮون‬camomile
bayn ‫ــــﻦ‬a‫ ﺑــــﻪ‬midst; la ~ i …dâ between,
among: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time, un-
der those circumstances; pâsh ~èk
‫ـ´ـﮏ‬À‫ ﭘـﺎش ﺑـﻪﯾـ‬after a while; ~annahren
(‫ﻦ‬a‫ﳯﺮ‬¢‫ﻦ )ﺑﲔ ا‬¤‫ ﺑﻪﯾﻨﻪﻧﻨﻪﻫﺮ‬Mesopotamia
bazaî ‫ ﺑــــﻪزﻩﰃ‬compassion: bazaî’m pe’dâ
hât I felt sorry for him
bazh ‫ ﺑﻪژ‬dry land (opp. to sea)
bazîn v.i. ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ ﺑـــﻪز‬to go/come down; dâ-~
to get off, down
bâ1 ¶ hortatory particle (+ subj): bâ
biroyn c’mon, let’s go
bâ2 ¶ wind; ~-dân for the wind to blow;
~gař ‫ ¶ﮔــــــــﻪڕ‬whirlwind; ~hoz ‫¶ﻫــــــــﯚز‬
whirlwind
bâb ‫ ¶ب‬father
Bâb i ‘Âlî ‫ ¶ﰉ ` ـﺎﱃ‬the Sublime Porte, of-
fice of the grand vizier of the Otto-
 SORANI KURDISH
man Empire
bâbat ‫¶ﺑـــﻪت‬: la ~…awa about, concern-
ing: la ~ minawa adwân they were
talking about me; (2) worthy: ama ~ i
to niya this is not worthy of you
bâfîn ‫ ¶ﻓﲔ‬v.t. to weave
bâho ‫ ¶ﻫ ـﯚ‬shoulders; ~dâr ‫ ¶ﻫ ـﯚدار‬strong,
powerful
bâkh ‫ ¶خ‬garden, orchard; ~ i gishtî
park; ~cha ‫ﻪ‬Â‫ ¶ﺧ‬garden
bâkhał ‫ــﻪڵ‬L¶ breast, armpit, embrace; ~î
‫ـــــﯽ‬T‫ـــــﻪ‬L¶ breast, pocket (adj.): daftar i
bâkhałî pocket notebook
bâł ‫ ¶ڵ‬arm, wing; ~dâr ‫ﺪار‬T¶ bird
bâłâ Ÿ¶ height, stature; ~-kirdin v.t. to
get tall; ~barz ‫ﺑــــــــــﻪرز‬Ÿ¶ tall, elegant;
~nwen ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ﻧـــﻮ‬Ÿ¶ something that shows
the figure: âwena i bâłânwen full-
length mirror
bâlândîda ‫¶ﻻﻧـﺪﯾـﺪﻩ‬: gurg i ~ experienced,
worldly
bâłdâr ‫ﺪار‬T¶ bird
bâłinda ‫ﻨﺪﻩ‬T¶ bird
bâłisht ‫ﺸﺖ‬T¶ pillow
bâłîn ‫ﲔ‬T¶ pillow
bâlora ‫ ¶ﻟﯚرﻩ‬a Kurdish verse form
bâłwez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ﻮ‬T¶ ambassador
bâm la …awa be / ‫ـﻪوﻩ‬... v ‫ ¶م‬aside
from, not to mention
bân ‫ ¶ن‬roof; steppe; ~èka u dû hawâ
there’s a double standard
bânamař ‫ ¶ﻧـــــﻪﻣـــــﻪڕ‬the month of Taurus
(April 21– May 21)
bâng ‫ـــــــــﮓ‬s¶ cry, shout; ~-kirdin v.t. to
call, summon, invite; ~heshtin invita-
tion; ~-heshtin-kirdin bo v.t. to in-
vite: dabe bângheshtinèk’it bo bikam
bo mâława I must invite you to my
home; ~awâz ‫ــــﮕــــﻪواز‬s¶ a cry for help,
request for assistance; ~awâz-kirdin
v.t. to ask for assistance
bânîzha ‫ﻩ‬Ã‫ ¶ﻧ‬small roof
bâp ‫ = ¶پ‬bâb
bâpîr ‫ ¶ﭘﲑ‬grandfather
bâr1 ‫ ¶ر‬time, instance (= jâr)
170
bâr2 ‫ ¶ر‬load, burden; manner: pewîst-a
aw bârá rûn bikretawa ka khwenakáy
tedâ rizhâwa it is necessary for the
manner in which his blood was shed
to be made clear; ~ dâ-girtin v.t. to
pack one’s bags; to unload; ~henân
upbringing; la ~ i for, for the sake of;
~-kirdin v.t. to load; to decamp,
leave; ~nâma ‫ ¶ر‡ﻣــــــﻪ‬bill of lading; ~
râst-kirdinawa to set straight a
crooked load, (meta.) to help some-
one out, come to someone’s aid: zor
le-qawmâw bûm, kâkim bârî râst
kirdimawa I was in bad straits, but
my brother helped me out; ~ u dokh
‫ ¶رودۆخ‬burden; situation
bâr- ‫ ¶ر‬pres. stem of bârîn
bâra ‫ ¶رﻩ‬time: dû ~ hâtawa he came
back twice; (2) power: am kâr a
girâná la ~ i minâ niya this heavy
labor is not within my power; dar~ i
about, concerning; la ~ i …(awa)
about, concerning
bâragâ ‫ = ¶رﻩﮔﺎ‬bârgâ
bârân ‫ ¶ران‬rain; ~din bâren- v.t. to rain,
shower; dâ-~ to rain down
bârga ‫ ¶رﮔ ـﻪ‬baggage, paraphernalia; ~chî
‫ ¶رﮔﻪﭼﯽ‬caravan leader
bârgâ ‫ ¶رﮔﺎ‬king’s court; headquarters
bârist ‫¶رﺳﺖ‬, ~âî ‫ﺘﺎﰃ‬8‫ ¶رﺳ‬size, volume
bârîn ‫ــــــــﻦ‬a‫ ¶ر‬bâr- ‫ ¶ر‬v.i. to rain; dâ-~ to
rain down
bâřût ‫ ¶ڕووت‬gunpowder
bâs ‫ ¶س‬discussion; ~-kirdin v.t. to dis-
cuss
bâsh ‫ ¶ش‬good: rozh ~ good day; da ~a
that’s enough!
bâsik ‫ ¶ﺳﮏ‬upper arm
bâtînî ‫ ¶ﺗــــ›ــــﲎ‬occult; châw i ~ inner eye,
sixth sense, the ability to see hidden
things
bâw-bûn ‫ ¶و ﺑـــﻮون‬v.i. to become current,
customary
bâwař ‫ ¶وﻩڕ‬belief; ~-kirdin v.t. to be-
lieve
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
bâwash ‫ ¶وﻩش‬bosom, embrace: hałim-
girt ba ~imawa I grabbed him in my
arms; ~-kirdin ba …’dâ v.t. to em-
brace: bâwash’y pe’dâ kird she em-
braced him
bâwazhin ‫ ¶وﻩژن‬stepmother
bâwâ ‫ ¶وا‬grandfather
bâwik ‫ ¶وک‬father
bâwishk-dân ‫ ¶وﺷﮏ دان‬v.t. to yawn
bây ‫ ¶ی‬price, worth
bâyakh ‫ ¶ﯾــــﻪخ‬worth, value; ~-dân ba to
attach value to, to pay attention to:
hîch bâyakhe ba qsakám nâdâ he
doesn’t pay any attention to what I
say
bâyqûsh ‫ ¶ﯾﻘﻮوش‬owl
bâz ‫ ¶ز‬hawk, falcon; ~gardân ‫¶زﮔــــــﻪردان‬
hawking, making a hawk fly (method
of choosing a new king in folktales)
bâz-dân la v ‫ ¶ز دان‬v.t. to flee in haste
from, to run away in fear from
bâzher ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ ¶ژ‬city, market
bâzig ‫ ¶زگ‬arm; dappled (horse)
bâzîband ‫ ¶زﯾﺒﻪﻧﺪ‬bracelet
be / without (for most compounds in
be-, see following element; note that
there are a few be- compounds that do
not occur without the prefix: they are
listed alphabetically); ba ~ awaî (+
subj.) without: ba be awaî biybînim
without my seeing it
be- = biye-, subj. of hâtin
bechû ‫ﭽﻮو‬²‫ ﺑ‬baby
bedaratân ‫ن‬c‫ﺪﻩرﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬poor, unfortunate
begâna ‫ﮕﺎﻧﻪ‬²‫ ﺑ‬stranger, foreigner
begâr ‫ﮕﺎر‬²‫ ﺑ‬waste of time
bejiga la v ‫ﺠﮕﻪ‬²‫ ﺑ‬except for
bekanâr ‫ﮑﻪ‡ر‬²‫ ﺑ‬limitless, shoreless
beł- Ç‫ ﺑﻴ‬subj. of heshtin, for bíheł-
ben- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬subj. of henân, for bíhen-
benzhîn ‫ﻦ‬aȲ‫ ﺑ‬v.i. to sneeze
besar-u-shwen ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ــﺴــﻪروﺷــﻮ‬Œ‫ ﺑــ‬homeless,
destitute
beshik ‫ﺸﮏ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬thicket
Besitûn ‫ﺘــﻮون‬8‫ــﺴـ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬Behistun, the site where
171
Farhad legendarily carved the moun-
tain for Shirin
betâqat ‫ــﺎﻗــﻪت‬µ‫ــ‬Œ‫ ﺑــ‬anxious, unable to en-
dure; ~-kirdin v.t. to make anxious:
yâd i bâwkî zor betâqatî kird the
memory of his father made him very
anxious
betâwân ‫ـﺎوان‬µŒ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬innocent; ~î ‫ـﺎواﱏ‬µŒ‫ ـ ـﺑ‬inno-
cence
bewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬widow; ~zhin ‫ﻮﻩژن‬²‫ ﺑ‬widow
bez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬condescension
bezh- ‫ﮋ‬Œ‫ = ﺑ‬biwezh-
bezha ‫ﮋﻩ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬literature
bezhân ‫ﮋان‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬bezhe- ‫ﮋێ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬v.t. to sift
bibiřây ‫ای‬É‫ ﺑــــــــــــ‬never: ~ ~ nâchimawa
gund I’ll never ever go back to the
village
bibû ‫( ﺑـــــﺒـــــﻮو‬past perf. of bûn) s/he had
been: dawlat a khâwanqudratakân i
dîka ka la shař’dâ peroz bibûn the
other powerful states that had been
victorious in the war
bichkoł ‫ﮑﯚڵ‬Ê little, small
bichûk ‫ﻮوک‬Ê small, little
biłâw ‫و‬Ë‫ ﺑــــــ‬widespread; ~-kirdin v.t. to
spread, publish, publicize; ~ kirdin-
awa v.t. to broadcast, publish; ~a-
kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫وﻩ‬Ë‫ ﺑـــــ‬v.t. to disperse, go
away: khałk biłâwayân kird the peo-
ple dispersed
biłbił Ç‫ﺒ‬k‫ ﺑ‬nightingale
biłesa ‫ﺴﻪ‬Œk‫ ﺑ‬fiery
bilind ‫ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬high, exalted
biłîmat ‫; ـﻤـﻪت‬k‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬genius, clever; ~î ‫; ـﻤـﻪﰏ‬k‫ـ ـﺑ‬
cleverness
bilwer ‫ ـﺮ‬¤‫ ﺑ ـﻠ ـﻮ‬reed flute; ~ le-dân to play
the flute
bin ‫ –ــﻦ‬bottom; ~amâł(a) ‫ ﺑــﻨــﻪﻣــﺎڵ‬family;
~jor ‫ ﺑــﻨــﺠــﯚر‬curious, inquisitive; ~jorî
‫ ــﺑﻨﺠـﯚری‬curiosity; ~mil ‫ـــﻤـﻞ‬ž‫ ﺑ‬nape of the
neck
bina ‫ ﺑﻨﻪ‬baggage, belongings
binâgha ‫ ﺑﻨــﺎ™ـﻪ‬foundation; ~ dâ-rishtin to
lay a foundation
binâr ‫ ﺑﻨﺎر‬mountain skirt, foothill
 SORANI KURDISH
binesht ‫ﺸﺖ‬Œ‫ ﺑﻨ‬chewing gum
binj ‫ ﺑﻨﺞ‬root
binyâdam ‫;ﺎدﻩم‬À‫ ﺑ‬human
binyât ‫ـــﺎت‬ ;À‫ ﺑ‬foundation; ~-nân v.t. to lay
a foundation, to construct
biř g‫ –ـــــ‬bit: biřèk âw’im da give me a bit
of water; (2) piece (of wood): dû biř
dâr bena bring two sticks of wood;
(3) group: tûsh i biř a pyâwe bûm I
met a group of men; (4) power,
strength; ~-dân v.t. to flow: am rûbâ-
ra biř nâdâ this river doesn’t flow; ~-
kirdin v.t. to have strength: biř nâ-
kam l’ am kefá sar kawim I can’t
make it to the top of this mountain; to
be effective: tâ châw ~-kât as far as
the eye can see; ~ le-dân v.t. to shuf-
fle (cards); tař u ~ g‫ــــ‬º‫ ﺗــــﻪڕو‬drenched:
kirâsakám tař u biř a my shirt’s
drenched; la ~ altogether: bar i am
gwezá la biř chand a? how much
does this walnut tree produce alto-
gether?
biraw ‫ –ــــــﺮﻩو‬popularity; ~ paydâ-kirdin
v.t. to be popular
birâ ‫ –ﺮا‬brother; ~yâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬p‫ –ﺮا‬brotherly
biřân ‫ان‬g–. See biřrân.
birdin ‫ –ـــــﺮدن‬ba- ‫( ﺑـــــﻪ‬v.t., 3rd sing. pres.
dabâ(t); impt. sing. (bi)bara) to take,
carry; ~à sar ‫ –ـﺮدﻧـﻪ ﺳـﻪر‬to spend (time):
am shawá l’era bibaynà sar let’s
spend tonight here; dar-~ to endure
biretî la v ‫ﱴ‬l‫ –ﺮ‬consisting of
birinj ‫ –ﺮﱋ‬uncooked rice
birinja ‫ –ﺮﳒﻪ‬copper
biřisht ‫ﺷـﺖ‬g‫ –ـ‬fertile ground; power, abil-
ity
biřist ‫ﺳﺖ‬g– power
birîn ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ –ـﺮ‬wound; ~dâr ‫ –ـﺮ ـﯾﻨـﺪار‬wounded;
~pech ‫´ﭻ‬Î‫ –ﺮﯾﻨ‬nurse
biřîn ‫ـﻦ‬ag‫ –ـ‬biř- g‫ –ـ‬v.t. to cut; dar-~ to dis-
close, reveal; châw-~ la to be hopeful
of; qsa pe-~ to interrupt: ba tundî
qsakám pe biřî u gutim I quickly
interrupted him and said
172
birîq|adâr ‫ –ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﻪدار‬shiny; ~ân ‫–ـــﺮﯾـــﻘـــﺎن‬
birîqe- ‰‫ –ﺮﯾﻘ‬v.i. to shine, to sparkle
birîtî ‫ = –ﺮﯾﱴ‬biretî
biro ‫ –ﺮۆ‬eyebrow
birrân1 ‫ –ـــــــﺮران‬birre- ‫ –ـــــــﺮرێ‬passive of
birdin in all senses; la nâw ~ to be
done away with
biřrân2 ‫ران‬g‫ –ــــــ‬biřre- ‫رێ‬g‫( –ــــــ‬passive of
biřîn) (1) to be cut: ba tawir dâraká
biřrâ the tree was cut with an ax; (2)
to be finished, to be no more: nânmân
la mâł biřrâ there is no more food in
our house; ~awa to cease: tâwe bârân
nábiř-râyawa the rain didn’t cease for
a time; dâ-~ to cut off; hał-~ la to
part from, get separated from: la dos-
takáy hałbiřrâ he parted from his
friend
birs|ân ‫ –ـﺮﺳـﺎن‬hunger; ~iyatî ‫ﻴـﻪﰏ‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ –ـﺮ ــ‬hun-
ger; ~î ‫ – ـﺮﳻ‬hungry: birsîma I’m hun-
gry
birwâ ‫ –ــــﺮوا‬belief; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to be-
lieve in; (2) permission; ~-dân v.t. to
allow, let: diłim biřwâ nâdât châwim
ba minâłî bikawe I don’t have the
heart to look at his child; ~nâma
‫ –ﺮوا‡ﻣﻪ‬diploma
biryâ p‫ –ـــــﺮ‬would that (+ past condition-
al): ~ aw kâráy nakirdibâya would
that he hadn’t done that
biřyâr ‫ر‬pg‫ –ـــــــ‬decision; ~-dân v.t. to de-
cide; ~-nân v.t. to decide; la ~
henânà khwârawa to make one
change one’s mind: hîch shitèk la
biřyâr i khoy nayhenâyà khwârawa
nothing could make him change his
mind
birzhân ‫ –ـــــــﺮژان‬birzhe- ‫ –ـــــــﺮژێ‬v.i. to be
roasted
birzhândin ‫ –ـﺮژاﻧـﺪن‬birzhen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ –ـﺮژ‬v.t. to
roast
birzhâng ‫ﮓ‬s‫ –ﺮژا‬eyelash
bitâqa ‫ ﺑﺘﺎﻗﻪ‬ticket
biv ‫ ﺑﭫ‬buzz
biwe ‫( ﺑـﻮێ‬pres. subj. of wîstin, with pro-
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
nominal affix, e.g., -im biwe)
biyânû ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮو‬pretext
biza ‫ –ﺰﻩ‬laugh, laughter
bizâwtin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ –ﺰاو‬bizâw- ‫ –ﺰاو‬v.t. to shake
bizhâr-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ –ـــﮋار‬v.t. to weed out,
eradicate
bizhârdin ‫ –ـﮋاردن‬bizher- ‫ـﺮ‬¤‫ –ـﮋ‬v.t. to weed
out, eradicate; hał-~ to select, choose
bizhîw ‫ –ﮋﯾﻮ‬substance
bizin ‫ –ﺰن‬goat
bizirk|ân ‫ –ـﺰرﰷن‬bizirke- ‰‫ –ـﺰرﮐـ‬v.t. to lose;
rang hał-~ân to lose color, grow
pale; rang-hał~âw ‫ــﱫرﰷو‬T‫ــﮕــﻬــﻪ‬s‫ رﻩ‬pale,
“white as a sheet” (with fright)
bizmâr ‫ –ـﺰﻣـﺎر‬nail; ~-kirdin v.t. to nail; ~-
krân v.p. to be nailed
bizûtin ‫ــــﻦ‬Ž‫ –ــــﺰوو‬bizû- ‫ –ــــﺰوو‬v.i. to move,
budge, stir
bizw|ân ‫ –ــــﺰوان‬bizwe- ‫ –ــــﺰوێ‬v.i. to shake
(int.), quiver; ~ândin ‫ –ــﺰواﻧــﺪن‬bizwen-
‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ –ـﺰو‬v.t. to shake (trs.); ~enar ‫ـﻨـﻪر‬l‫–ـﺰو‬
quivering, tremulous
bizwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ –ﺰو‬vowel
bîbila ƒ‫ـــ‬m›‫ﺑ‬, bîbîla ƒ‫ــــ‬
;Ò‫ ﺑﻴ‬pupil (of the eye):
la bîbila i châwî pitir khosh dawîst he
was the apple of his eye
bîn ‫ ﺑــــﲔ‬breath; ~-keshân v.t. to hold the
breath; ~akeshî ‫ـﺸـﯽ‬Œ‫ـﻪﮐـ‬ž‫ ﺑـ›ـ‬holding the
breath
bînar ‫ﻪر‬ž›‫ ﺑ‬viewer
bîndrân ‫ـﺪران‬ž›‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬bîndre- ‫ـﺪرێ‬ž›‫ ـ ـﺑ‬v.p. to be
seen
bînîn ‫ـــﲔ‬À‫ ﺑـــﻴـــ‬bîn- ‫ ﺑـــﲔ‬v.t. to see (see also
dîn)
bîr1 ‫ ﺑـﲑ‬memory, mind; ~-kirdin(awa) la
to think of; ba ~’dâ hâtin to remem-
ber: wâm ba bîr’dâ hât ka… I remem-
bered that…; ba ~ henânawa to re-
mind; la ~ bûn to remember: awânim
la bîrin I remember them; la ~ chûn
to forget; la ~ mân to remain in the
memory; ~henânawa ‫ــﻨــﺎﻧــﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﺑــﲑﻫــ‬re-
minder; ~urâ ‫ ﺑـــﲑوڕا‬thinking (darbâra
i about)
bîr2 ‫ ﺑﲑ‬water well
173
bîs- ‫ ﺑ›ﺲ‬pres. stem of bîstin
bîst ‫ ﺑ›ﺴﺖ‬twenty
bîstin ‫ ﺑ›ﺴﱳ‬bîs- ‫ ﺑ›ﺲ‬v.t. to hear
bîstrân ‫ ﺑـ›ـﺴـﱰان‬bîstre- ‫ ﺑـ›ـﺴـﱰێ‬v.p. to be
heard
bo ‫ ﺑــــــــــــﯚ‬to, for; why?, what for?; ~ chi
why?, what for?; ~ awaî (+ subj.) in
order that
bo-chûn ‫ ﺑــﯚﭼــﻮون‬v.i. to think, to have an
opinion; bochûn opinion
boga ‫ ﺑـﯚﮔـﻪ‬malodorous plants that animals
will not eat
bokho ‫ ﺑﯚﺧﯚ‬selfish; ~î selfishness
bołaboł ‫ﻪﺑﯚڵ‬T‫ ﺑﯚ‬roaring, rumbling
bon ‫ ﺑــــﯚن‬smell; ~-kirdin v.t. to smell, to
smell bad, to stink
bona ‫ ﺑـﯚﻧـﻪ‬cause, pretext; ba ~ i …awa on
the occasion of
bor ‫ ﺑﯚر‬gray
boř1 ‫ ﺑﯚڕ‬wave; ~-khwârdin v.t. to swell
boř2 ‫ ﺑـــــــﯚڕ‬loss (at a game); ~-khwârdin
v.t. to lose (game): bořit khwârd you
lost; ~-dân v.t. to beat (at a game):
bořim dây(t) I beat you
bora ‫ ﺑــــــــــــــﯚرﻩ‬ignoble; fallow, infertile;
~pyâg ‫ ﺑـﯚرﻩﭘﻴــﺎگ‬common peron, person
of no name or consequence
borân ‫ ﺑﯚران‬storm
bořân ‫ ﺑــﯚڕان‬mooing of cows; bleating of
sheep
bosh ‫ ﺑﯚش‬empty
bota ‫ = ﺑﯚﺗﻪ‬bûwata. See bûn.
bóya ‫ ﺑﯚﯾﻪ‬for that reason
boyâkh ‫خ‬p‫ ﺑﯚ‬shoe polish
boynbâgh ‫ﺎغ‬mÀ‫ ﺑﯚﯾ‬necktie
brâ ‫ = –ﺮا‬birâ
Brîtânyâ ‫ –ـــﺮﯾـــﺘـــﺎﻧـــﻴـــﺎ‬Britain; ~ yi Kabîr
‫ –ﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎی ﮐﻪﺑﲑ‬Great Britain
bukhcha ‫ﻪ‬Â‫ ﺑﻮﺧ‬bundle
bukhtân ‫ـﺎن‬µ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ ﺑـﻮ ـ‬slander; ~-kirdin ba v.t.
to slander; ~-rek-khistin bo v.t. to
make up slander about: ~èk i gawra’y
bo kichaká rek-khist he made up great
slander about the girl
bulbul ‫ ﺑﻮﻟﺒﻮل‬nightingale
 SORANI KURDISH
buwârdin ‫ = ﺑﻮواردن‬bwârdin
bûchik ‫ ﺑﻮو¸ﮏ‬little, small
bûk ‫ ﺑﻮوک‬bride; doll, puppet
bûł ‫ ﺑﻮوڵ‬ashes
bûmalarza ‫رزﻩ‬v‫ ﺑﻮوﻣﻪ‬earthquake
bûn ‫ ﺑـــــﻮون‬b- (v.i., past perf. bibû) to be,
to become, to happen: agar bet u (+
subj) if it should happen that…; ~awa
to be repeated, happen again: …èk
nabetawa a unique …; ~awa la to be
done with, be finished with; ~ ba to
become: aw bû ba pâshâ he became
king; ~ u na~ to be almost, not to
quite be: bayânî rozh bûwa u nabûwa
in the morning when it was not quite
daylight; (d)ábe(t) (+ subj.) must:
dabe royshtibe he must have gone
bûř ‫ = ﺑﻮوڕ‬bûł
bûrdin ‫ ﺑــــﻮوردن‬bûr- ‫ ﺑــــﻮور‬v.t. to forgive:
bímbûra excuse me
bûzhân ‫ ﺑــﻮوژان‬bûzhe- ‫ﺑــﻮوژێ‬v.t. to grow,
sprout; ~awa to flourish, enjoy life
bwâra ‫ ﺑﻮارﻩ‬front (military)
bwârdin ‫ ﺑــــﻮاردن‬bwer- ‫ــــﺮ‬¤‫ ﺑــــﻮ‬v.t. to pass
(time); râ-~ to spend (time): khosh-
mân râbwârd we had a good time;
khosh’î râbwârdûa he enjoyed life;
mâwayèk râbwârd a period of time
passed
byânî ‫ ﺑﻴﺎﱏ‬foreign
chak ‫ ¸ـــــــــــــــﻪک‬weapon, arms; ~badast
armed; ba ~awa ‫ ﺑ ـﻪ¸ ـﻪﮐ ـﻪوﻩ‬armed; be~
unarmed
chakhmâkh ‫ ¸ﻪﺧﲈخ‬flint, lighter
chakma ‫ ¸ﻪﳈﻪ‬boot
chakush ‫ﻮش‬B‫ ¸ﻪ‬hammer
chal ‫ ¸ﻪل‬time; galèk ~ân many times
chałama ‫ـﻪﻣـﻪ‬T‫ ¸ـﻪ‬quandry, dilemma: tang
u ~ i awa’m kawtà bar I was caught
in a real dilemma
cham ‫ ¸ﻪم‬river, stream
cham|ândin ‫ ¸ـﻪﻣـﺎﻧـﺪن‬chamen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ¸ـﻪ ـﻣ‬v.t.
to bend, curve; ~înawa ‫ﻣ;ﻨـﻪوﻩ‬ ‫ ¸ـﻪ ـ ـ‬v.i. to
bend over, bow
174
chanachan-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ¸ــﻪﻧــﻪ¸ــﻪن‬v.t. to
talk at length, chatter
chanâga ‫ ¸ﻪ‡ﮔﻪ‬chin
chand ‫ ¸ــــــﻪﻧــــــﺪ‬how much?, how many?
(usually followed by indef. sing.): ~
rozhèk how many days?; few, several:
aw chand rozhá those few days
chap ‫ ¸ﻪپ‬left: dast i ~ left hand
chapał ‫ ¸ﻪﭘﻪڵ‬filthy; ~î filth
chapła ‫ــﻪ‬k‫ ¸ـﻪﭘ‬applause; ~-ledân bo v.t. to
applaud for: khałk chapła’yân bo ledâ
the people applauded for him; ~rezân
applause
chapok ‫ ¸ـــﻪﭘـــﯚک‬slap; ~-keshân ba sar i
… v.t. to slap on the head
chaqân ‫ ¸ـﻪﻗـﺎن‬chaqe- Õ‫ ¸ـﻪ‬v.i. to sink to/
into the ground: rîshakân chaqân the
roots sank into the earth; ~din ‫¸ـﻪﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن‬
chaqen- ‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ ¸ــــﻪﻗــــ‬v.t. to stick into the
ground: nezay da zawî chaqând he
stuck his lance into the ground; hał-
~din da to scratch: diřkekî te hałcha-
qândim a thorn scratched me
chaqîn ‫ = ¸ﻪﻗﲔ‬chaqân
chaqo ‫ ¸ﻪﻗﯚ‬knife
chařchařa ‫ ¸ﻪڕ¸ﻪڕﻩ‬crank
charkh ‫ ¸ـــــــــﻪرخ‬wheel; cigarette lighter;
century; ~-u-khul ‫ ¸ــــﻪرخ و ﺧــــﻮل‬twist
and turn
charmasare ‫ ¸ـﻪرﻣـﻪﺳـﻪرێ‬suffering, hard-
ship
chashma ‫ ¸ﻪﴰﻪ‬sleight-of-hand trick
chashn ‫ ¸ــﻪﺷــﻦ‬sort, type; manner: b’ am
chashná in this way; hama~a of
every sort, miscellaneous
chata ‫ ¸ﻪﺗﻪ‬highway robber
chatâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ ¸ــــــــــﻪ‬fork; a wooden or metal
fork on which a gun is set for stability
chaw1 ‫ ¸ﻪو‬gravel, sand
chaw2 ‫ = ¸ﻪو‬châw
chawr ‫ ¸ـــــــــــــﻪور‬grease; ~-kirdin v.t. to
grease, slick down
chaws|ân ‫ ¸ـﻪوﺳـﺎن‬chawse- ‰‫ ¸ـﻪوﺳـ‬v.i. to
suffer; ~ândin ‫ ¸ــــﻪوﺳــــﺎﻧــــﺪن‬chawsen-
‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ¸ـــﻪوﺳـــ‬v.t. to torment; ~ândinawa
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
‫ ¸ﻪوﺳﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩ‬torture, torment, tyranny
châ ‫ ¸ﺎ‬well
châdir ‫ ¸ﺎدر‬tent
châk ‫ ¸ـــــﺎک‬good; ~-bûnawa to recover;
~-kirdin to make good, fix, restore;
~a good deed; la ~a darchûn to re-
pay a kindness: tâ mâwim la châkat
darnâchim as long as I live I’ll never
be able to repay your kindness; ~kir-
dinawa ‫ﺮدﻧﻪوﻩ‬B‫ ¸ﺎک‬improvement
châkata ‫ ¸˜ﮐﻪﺗﻪ‬jacket
châł ‫ ¸ـــــــﺎڵ‬pit: har kas ~e bo khałkî hał-
kane, bo khoy te dakawe he who digs
a pit for another falls into it (“hoisted
on his own pitard”); ~âw ‫و‬Ÿ‫ ¸ﺎ‬well
châlâk ‫ ¸ــــــــــــﺎﻻک‬nimble, quick; useful;
right; ~î ‫ ¸ﺎﻻﰽ‬effort, effectiveness
châłma ‫ﻤﻪ‬T‫ ¸ﺎ‬tobacco pouch; alarm clock
chândin ‫ ¸ﺎﻧﺪن‬chen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ¸ v.t. to plant
châp ‫ ¸ـﺎپ‬printing; ~khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬Ø‫ ¸ـﺎ ـﭘ‬print-
ing house, publishing house; la ~
drân v.p. to be printed
châr ‫ = ¸ﺎر‬châra
châra ‫ ¸ـﺎرﻩ‬help, remedy; be~ ‫ـﺎرﻩ‬²‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ــ‬help-
less; ~-kirdin v.t. to remedy; ~sar
‫ ¸ــــﺎرﻩﺳــــﻪر‬remedy; ~sar-kirdin v.t. to
remedy
chârak ‫ ¸ـﺎرﻩک‬quarter: ~ saâtèk a quarter
of an hour
châraka ‫ = ¸ﺎرﻩﮐﻪ‬chârok
châranûs ‫ ¸ﺎرﻩﻧﻮوس‬fate
chârok ‫ ¸ﺎرۆک‬woman’s shawl
châw ‫ ¸ـــﺎو‬eye; expectation; ~ garm kir-
din v.t. to take a nap; ~ kawtin ba v.i.
to see: châwim pey dakawt I used to
see him; ~ sûr-kirdinawa la v.t. to
glare at: kârakar châw’î le sûr kirdi-
mawa the servant glared at me; ~-
biřîn la v.t. to be hopeful of; ~-
gařândin v.t. to look around; ~-geřân
= châw-gařândin; ~-hał-hâtin la v.i.
to approve of: châwim hałnâye la kâr
i wâ nâhaq I don’t approve of such a
dishonest thing; ~-hał-henân ba v.t.
to envy, afflict with the evil eye: châ-
175
wit pe hałdene she is envious of you;
~-hał-takândin v.t. to motion with
the eye and eyebrow; ~-lek-nân v.t.
to close the eyes; ~-qûchândin v.t. to
close the eyes; ~-spî-kirdin v.t. to
make someone weep (over a death):
châwit spî da-kam “you’ll be sorry
when I’m dead”; bar~ kawtin to be
seen, spotted: pařèk i jwân’î barchâw
kawt he spotted a beautiful feather; la
bar ~ bûn to be clear, obvious
châwa ‫ ¸ﺎوﻩ‬spring
châwaře ‫ ¸ــــــﺎوﻩڕێ‬expectant, waiting; ~-
kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ¸ــﺎوﻩڕێ‬v.t. to wait for: ba
je’m hesht ba be awaî châwaře i bâqî
i pârakám bikam I left him without
waiting for my change
châwařwân-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ ¸ـــﺎوﻩڕوان‬v.t. to
wait for
châwařwânî ‫ ¸ﺎوﻩڕواﱏ‬expectation
châwbałak ‫ــﻪک‬T‫ ¸ــﺎوﺑــﻪ‬person with black
eyes and white skin
châwbast ‫ ¸ﺎوﺑﻪﺳﺖ‬blindfold, deception
châwchinok ‫ﯚک‬ž‫ ¸ﺎوﭼ‬miserly, stingy
châwenî ‫ﲎ‬l‫ ¸ﺎو‬evil eye
châwga ‫ ¸ﺎوﮔﻪ‬view, scenery
châwîlka ‫ ¸ﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪ‬eyeglasses
châwlabar ‫ﺑﻪر‬v‫ ¸ﺎو‬expectant
châwladwâ ‫دوا‬v‫ ¸ﺎو‬hopeful
châwpekawtin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ﮑﻪو‬²‫ ¸ﺎوﭘ‬interview
châwqâyim ‫ ¸ﺎوﻗﺎﱘ‬impudent, bold
châwrûnî ‫ ¸ـﺎورووﱏ‬good news, congratu-
lations
châwtârîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ر‬c‫ ¸ﺎو‬pessimist
châwtirsen ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ـﺮﺳ‬Ž‫ ¸ـﺎو‬a lesson learned; ~-
kirdin v.t. to teach a lesson
châwyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ¸ﺎو‬watchman
chây ‫ ¸ﺎی‬tea; ~khâna ‫ ¸ﺎﳜﺎﻧﻪ‬teahouse
che-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‰‫ ﭼــــــ‬v.t. to fix, make,
build
chek, har ‫( ﻫـﻪر ﭼ´ــﮏ‬for har chièk) every
thing
chen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ¸ pres. stem of chândin
chesht ‫ﺸﺖ‬Œ¸ lunch
chezh- ‫ﮋ‬Œ¸ pres. stem of chishtin
 SORANI KURDISH
chi (1) ‫ چ‬what? (interrogative pronoun);
(2) that which (relative pronoun); (3)
thing: chiyân nâbe they have noth-
ing; bo awaî ~ (+ subj.) in order that;
chi…chi whether…or: chi râst u chi
diro whether right or wrong
chikân ‫ ﭼـــــﲀن‬v.i. to drip; to dry up (of a
well or spring); ~awa ‫ ﭼــــﲀﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to
thicken (of liquids)
chil ‫ ¸ﻞ‬forty
chił Ǹ branch, stalk
chiłakân ‫ــﻪﰷن‬k¸ chiłake- ‰‫ــﻪﮐـ‬k¸ v.i.: dâ-~
to be shocked; dâ-~din chiłaken- v.t.
to shock; râ-~ v.i. to be shocked
chiłkin ‫ﮑﻦ‬k¸ dirty, unclean; dark (cloud)
chilon ‫ ¸ ـﻠ ـﯚن‬how: estâ dazânî rûdâwaká
chilon bûwa now you know how the
event was
chimcha ‫ﻪ‬ÂÛ spoon
chinândin ‫ــﺎﻧــﺪن‬ž‫ ﭼــ‬chinen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ــ‬ž‫ ﭼــ‬v.t. to
mend, patch
ching ‫ﮓ‬ž‫ ﭼ‬claw, talon
chingâł ‫ﮕﺎڵ‬ž‫ ﭼ‬fork
chinîn ‫ــــــﲔ‬ž‫ ﭼــــــ‬v.t. to weave; to reap; to
pick (fruit); to pile up; hał-~ v.t. to
pile up; tang ~ ba to hold tight; to
squeeze tightly; to squeeze the life of
out s.th.
chipa u sirta ‫ﻪ و ﴎﺗﻪ‬Ü‫ ﭼ‬whispering
chipândin ‫ﺎﻧﺪن‬Ü‫ = ﭼ‬chirpândin
chiř (1) g‫ ﭼـ‬dense (forest): dâristânèk i ~
a dense forest; (2) firm, unyielding: ~
darpeya he’s standing firm; (3) steep:
shâkhèk i ~ a steep mountain; (4)
song: ~e bichira sing a song; ~-dân
to tie tight: ~î da bâ nakire-tawa tie it
tight so it won’t come loose; ~ u
châw face: ~ u châwit bisho wash
your face
chirâ ‫ ﭼﺮا‬lamp
chiřândin ‫اﻧـﺪن‬g‫ ﭼـ‬chiřen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤g‫ ﭼـ‬v.t. to rip,
tear; to call out to someone
chirch ‫ ﭼـــــﺮچ‬wrinkle: ~ hałhâtûa it’s all
wrinkled
chiřîn ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ ﭼ‬v.t. to sing
176
chirpândin ‫ ﭼـﺮﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬chirpen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﭼـﺮﭘ‬v.t. to
whisper
chirt ‫ ﭼـــﺮت‬noise, sound; ~a~ ‫ﭼـــﺗﺮـــﻪﭼـــﺮت‬
commotion, uproar
chiryâ p‫ﭼـــــــــــــﺮ‬: ~eke October; ~didwâ
November
chishtin ‫ ﭼــﺸــﱳ‬chezh- ‫ــﮋ‬Œ‫ ¸ــ‬v.t. to taste,
experience
chit ‫ ﭼﺖ‬thing (= shit)
chito ‫ﯚ‬µ‫ ﭼ‬how?
chî ‫ = ﭼﯽ‬chi
chîn ‫ ¸ــــﲔ‬generation; wrinkle; China; ~î
‫ ﭼ;ﲎ‬Chinese
chîř-bûnawa ‫ ﺑﻮوﻧﻪوﻩ‬ݸ v.i. to snarl
chîřok ‫ۆک‬Ý‫ ¸ــــــ‬story; ~vân ‫ــــــﻮان‬B‫ۆ‬Ý‫¸ــــــ‬
storyteller
chîtir ‫ =( ﭼ;ــﱰ‬hîch i tir): … nabe ~ niya
is nothing but …
chok ‫ ﭼـــــﯚک‬knee; ~ dâ-dân v.t. to kneel
down
choł ‫ ﭼــــــــﯚڵ‬desert, wilderness; ~-kirdin
v.t. to desert, vacate a place; ~awân(î)
‫ـﻪواﱏ‬T‫ ﭼـﯚ‬wilderness; ~parist ‫ﭙـﻪرﺳـﺖ‬T‫ﭼـﯚ ـ‬
nomad, desert dweller
chołaka ‫ﻪﮐﻪ‬T‫ ﭼﯚ‬sparrow
chom ‫ ﭼﯚم‬river
chon ‫ ﭼــــــــﯚن‬how?: chonî how are you?;
what sort of: wara bitbînim chon pyâ-
wèkî come let me see what kind of
man you are; ~èk ‫ـــﮏ‬²‫ ﭼـــﯚﻧـــ‬somehow:
har chonèk be somehow or other; ~etî
‫ـﱴ‬Œ‫~ = ﭼـﯚـﻧ‬iyatî; ~iyatî ‫ ﭼـﯚـﻧﻴـﻪﰏ‬manner,
(+ inf.) how to: shaw u rozh la marâq
i chonetî i daskawtin i am kich i shâ i
parîâná’dâ bû day and night he was
wondering how to get hold of this
daughter of the king of the peris; ~ka
‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ ﭼﯚ‬because, since
chonar ‫ ﭼﯚﻧﻪر‬beet
choqân ‫ ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎن‬choqe- Õ‫ ﭼـﯚ‬v.i. to sizzle;
to tremble; ~din ‫ ﭼـﯚﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن‬choqen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ﭼـﯚﻗ‬
v.t. to heat oil to the sizzling point; to
tremble
choř ‫ ﭼــــﯚڕ‬drop, drip; ~ânawa ‫ﭼــــﯚڕاﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬
choře- ‫ ﭼـــــــــــﯚڕێ‬v.i. to drip, to fall in
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
drops; ~âwga ‫ ﭼﯚڕاوﮔﻪ‬trickle of blood
chortka ‫ﮑﻪ‬Ž‫ ﭼﯚر‬abacus
chotà ‫ = ﭼﯚﺗﻪ‬chûwatà. See chûn.
chukłaqulâp ‫ﻪﻗﻮﻻپ‬k‫ ﭼﻮﮐ‬fishing rod
chúnka ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ = ﭼﻮ‬chónka
churt ‫ ﭼﻮرت‬nap; ~-dân v.t. to take a nap
chûk ‫ ﭼـــــــــــﻮوک‬pinnacle of a mountain;
foreskin; small, small amount: ~a
tawizhmèk a little pressure; boundary
chûn ‫ ﭼــــــــﻮون‬ch- v.i. to go; ~ ba to pass
(of time): baynèk’î pe chû some time
passed (for him/her); min darom—
chand rozhèk’im pe dache I’m go-
ing—I’ll be gone for a few days; ~ la
to look like: har la kuř a pâshâ’yân
dache he looks just like a prince to
them; dar-~ to turn out, come out; to
run off/away; te hał-~ to get started;
~à darawa to go out(side)
chûnka ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ = ﭼﻮو‬chonka
chûz ‫ ﭼـــــــــــــﻮوز‬straight line; circle; line,
queue
chûza ‫ ﭼﻮوزﻩ‬stinger (insect)
chûzân ‫ ﭼـــــــﻮوزان‬chûze- ‫ ﭼـــــــﻮوزێ‬v.i. to
burn, sting (as sun-burned skin)
chwâr ‫ ﭼــــــﻮار‬four; ~am ‫ ﭼــــــﻮارﻩم‬fourth;
~mashqî ‫ﺷﻘـﯽ‬ ‫ ﭼـﻮارﻣـﻪ ـ‬crosslegged; ~pal
‫ ﭼـﻮارﭘـﻪل‬quadruped; ~shamma ‫ﭼـﻮارﺷـﻪﳑـﻪ‬
Wednesday; ~shâna ‫ ﭼـــﻮارﺷـــﺎﻧـــﻪ‬broad-
shouldered
chyâ ‫ ﭼ;ﺎ‬mountain
da1 ‫ دﻩ‬particle occurring with imperative
da2 ‫( دﻩ‬prep., with pre- or postposed
pronominal encl., te) in, into, on
da3 ‫ دﻩ‬ten; ~ham ‫ دﻩﻫﻪم‬tenth
da- ‫ دﻩ‬habitual and progressive verbal
prefix
dabân ‫ دﻩ¶ن‬steel
dafr ‫ دﻩﻓﺮ‬pot
dak ‫ دﻩک‬expletive of amazement
dakhîl ‫ دﻩﺧ;ــﻞ‬one taken under protection;
~itim ‫ دﻩﺧ;ﻠﱲ‬please, I beg you
dał ‫ دﻩڵ‬the female of many animals,
she-; ~adew ‫ــــﻮ‬l‫ــــﻪد‬T‫ دﻩ‬she-demon; ~a-
177
wirch ‫ﻪ ورچ‬T‫ دﻩ‬she-bear
dalasa ‫ﺳﻪ‬v‫ دﻩ‬exaggeration
dalâqa ‫ دﻩﻻﻗﻪ‬shelf, trap door
dalîl ‫ دﻩﻟﻴﻞ‬reason, reasoning
dam1 ‫ دﻩم‬moment; ba ~ …awa while,
during: ba ~ pekanînawa while laugh-
ing; ~e at once; ~èk-a/bû for a while,
zor damèk a/bû for a long time
dam2 ‫ دﻩم‬mouth; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak;
~ kut-kirdin v.t. to silence, cut s.o.
off; ba ~awa girtin v.t. to mention,
speak of; la ~awa dâ-nân v.t. to give
birth to; la ~ dân v.t. to embarrass;
~aqâłe ‰‫ـ‬T‫ دﻩﻣـﻪﻗـﺎ‬verbal quarrel; ~ataqe
Õ‫ دﻩﻣـــــــــﻪﺗـــــــــﻪ‬dialogue, conversation;
~pârâw ‫ــﺎراو‬Ü‫ دﻩﻣ‬eloquent, well-spoken;
~qiře ‫ێ‬g‫ دﻩﻣـــﻘـــ‬verbal quarrel; ~tang ‫دﻩ‬
‫ـــﮓ‬s‫ـــﻪ‬µ‫ ﻣـــ‬narrow-necked; ba sar ~’dâ
face down; la bar~ i …(’dâ) in front
of, before
dam3 ‫ دﻩم‬power; ~-u-dazgâ i dawłatî ‫دﻩم‬
‫ـﻪﰏ‬T‫ و دﻩزﮔـﺎى دﻩو‬state apparatus, govern-
ment administration; ~-u-dû ‫دﻩم و دوو‬
power of expression; cleverness
damałqopân ‫ــﻘــﯚﭘــﺎن‬T‫ دﻩﻣــﻪ‬baggy Kurdish
trousers
damâr ‫ دﻩﻣـــــــﺎر‬vein, root: am bardá, da-
mârî la khâk’dâ ya this rock is firmly
rooted in the ground
danâ ‡‫ دﻩ‬otherwise, if not
dang ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ دﻩ‬sound, voice; vote; ~-dân v.t.
to vote; ~-dânawa v.t. to reverberate,
echo; ~a~ ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ﮕـﻪدﻩ‬s‫ دﻩ ـ‬noise, outcry; be~
‫ﮓ‬s‫ﺪﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬silent; be~î ‫ﮕﯽ‬s‫ﺪﻩ‬²‫ ﺑ‬silence
danûk ‫ دﻩﻧﻮوک‬bird’s beak
daqîqa ‫ دﻩﻗ;ﻘﻪ‬minute
dar ‫ دﻩر‬out; ba ~awa out, outside; ~è
‫ دﻩرێ‬outside; hâtinà ~e v.i. to come
out, turn out
dar- ‫ دﻩر‬cmpd. vb. agent, see dar-birîn,
dar-chûn, dar-henân, dar-kawtin; ~-
kirdin v.t. to put out
dara ‫ دﻩرﻩ‬valley; ~bag ‫ دﻩرﻩﺑـــــــــﻪگ‬feudal
lord; ~bagî ‫ دﻩرﻩﺑ ـﻪﮔ ـﯽ‬feudal, feudal pe-
riod
 SORANI KURDISH
daraja ‫ دﻩرﻩ•ﻪ‬rank, degree
darakî ‫ دﻩرﻩﰽ‬estranged, foreigner, stran-
ger; bûn ba ~ to be “out in the cold”
darâmat ‫ دﻩراﻣﻪت‬income
darbadar ‫ دﻩرﺑــــــﻪدﻩر‬homeless; ~î homel-
essness
darbâra i ‫ دﻩر¶رﻩی‬about, concerning
darbâz ‫ ﺑﻪر¶ز‬delivered, saved
darbiřîn ‫ـﻦ‬ag‫ ﺑـﻪر–ـ‬confession, plain speak-
ing
dar-chûn la qsa i … ‫ ﻗ ـﺴ ـﻪی‬v ‫ دﻩرﭼ ـﻮون‬to
disobey
dard ‫ دﻩرد‬pain, trouble; ~-dân ba to give
trouble to: dardèkî pe dâyn it gave us
some trouble; dard i sar ‫دﻩردی ﺳـــــــــﻪر‬
headache, trouble
darenân ‫ﻨﺎن‬l‫ = دﻩر‬dar-henân
darfat ‫ دﻩرﻓﻪت‬opportunity
dargâ ‫ دﻩرﮔـــــﺎ‬door; la ~ drân for a knock
to come at a door: la dargâ dadre
there comes a knock at the door
darhaq ‫ دﻩرﻫﻪق‬with regard to
dark ‫ دﻩرک‬door
darkhwârd i ‫ دﻩرﺧﻮاردی‬worthy of
darmân ‫ دﻩرﻣـــــﺎن‬medicine, remedy; gun-
powder; ~khâna ‫ دﻩرﻣـﺎﳔـﺎﻧـﻪ‬pharmacy; ~
i behoshî ‫ــــﻬــــﯚﳽ‬²‫ دﻩرﻣــــﺎﱏ ﺑــــ‬knock-out
drops, sleeping potion
dar-pařândin ‫دﻩرﭘﻪڕاﻧﺪن‬. See pařândin.
dar-pařendrân ‫ـﻨـﺪران‬l‫دﻩرﭘـﻪڕ‬. See pařen-
drân.
darpe ‰Š‫دﻩرﭘـــــ‬, darpî ‫ﯽ‬Š‫ دﻩرﭘـــــ‬underwear,
drawers
dars ‫ دﻩرس‬lesson; ~-dân v.t. to teach; ~-
khwendin v.t. to study
daru ‫ دﻩرو‬narrow valley; ~yek-girtin la
v.t. to put someone in a tight spot
darûn ‫ دﻩروون‬interior, inside
darwesh ‫ــــــــﺶ‬â‫ دﻩرو‬dervish; ~î of or per-
taining to dervishes: jil u barg i dar-
weshî dervish costume
darz1 ‫ دﻩرز‬crack
darz2 ‫ = دﻩرز‬dars
das- ‫ دﻩس‬for all words beginning with
das-, see under dast
178
dasbaje ‰‫ﺒﻪﺟ‬8‫ = دﻩﺳ‬dastbaje
dasht ‫ دﻩﺷ ـﺖ‬desert, plain; ~akî ‫ ـﺘ ـﻪﰽ‬8‫دﻩﺷ ـ‬
villager
dast ‫ دﻩﺳـــــــــﺖ‬hand, arm (verbal expres-
sions involving dast are given below;
for all other compounds, see alphabet-
ically); ba ~ henân v.t. to get, ac-
quire; ba ~ gayshtin v.i. to come to
hand, to be received; ~ ba âw gayân-
din v.t. to go to the bath-room; ~ bar-
dân la to cease: dastî la kâr bardâ he
stopped working; ~ biłind-kirdin v.t.
to resist; ~-birdin bo v.t. to fiddle
with, to stretch out the hand for; ~-
bizâw-tin v.t. to poke, push; ~ bo
dam meager existence, hand-to-
mouth; ~-dânà …awa v.t. to under-
take, carry out: dastim dâyà payjoîèk i
zortir-awa I carried out more re-
search; ~drezhî kirdinà sar v.t. to
rape, violate; ~ hał-girtin la v.t. to
quit, leave alone: dastim le hałgrin
leave me alone; ~-kawtin v.i. to get,
acquire; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to reach for;
to start (+ inf): dastî kird ba pekanîn
he started laughing; ~-kirdinà … to
put one’s hand/arm on/around: dastî
kirdà mil i bâwikî he put his arm
around his father’s neck; ~ la pisht
dân v.t. to pat on the back, to en-
courage; ~ pân-kirdinawa v.t. to beg;
~ pe-kirdin (+ inf.) to begin, start
(do-ing): khwendin i khoy dast pe-kird
he began studying; ~ pewa girtin v.t.
to save, be frugal; ~-nân ba rû…awa
to turn someone away; ~-parzhân v.i.
to have an opportunity: dastit dapar-
zhe kâre-kim bo bikay? do you have
the time to do something for me?
dastim nâparzhe I don’t have the
time, I can’t get to it; ~-qutân to
grope; ~-qûchândin v.t. to be stingy;
~ tekał-kirdin lagał to have carnal
relations with; ~ u dił yekî-girtin v.t.
to be at ease, have peace of mind:
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
khałk îtir dast u dił’yân yekî nadagirt
the people no longer had any peace of
mind; ~-washândin v.t. to wave; la
bar ~ i …dâ in front of, in the pres-
ence of, with
dast- ‫ دﻩﺳﺖ‬for dawast- (see wastân)
dasta ‫ـــــﺘـــــﻪ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـــــ‬bunch, group, set; ~-u-
dâyara ‫ﺘﻪ و داﯾﻪرﻩ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬retinue
dastabar ‫ﺘﻪﺑﻪر‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬guarantor
dastałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ـــﺘـــﻪ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـــ‬authority; ~dâr au-
thority, one in authority; be~î lack of
authority
dastamo ‫ﺘﻪﻣﯚ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬tame
dastasiř g‫ﺘﻪﺳ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬handkerchief
dastaw-azhno ‫ـﺘـﻪوﺋـﻪﻧژـﯚ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬grieving, be-
reaved
dastawâna ‫ﺘﻪواﻧﻪ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬glove
dastândast ‫ـﺘـﺎﻧـﺪﻩﺳـﺖ‬8‫ دﻩﺳـ‬nearby, next to
one another: gund i ema u gund i ewa
~in your village and ours are next to
each other
dastâw ‫ﺘﺎو‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬bathroom, toilet
dastâwdast ‫ــــﺘــﺎودﻩﺳــﺖ‬8 ‫ دﻩﺳ‬from hand to
hand, from one person to another
dastâwez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ﺘﺎو‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬pretext; gift
dastbaje ‰‫ﻪﺟ‬mn‫ دﻩﺳ‬immediately, at once
dastbarsar ‫ـــﻪرﺳـــﻪر‬m‫ـــ‬n‫ دﻩﺳـــ‬under surveil-
lance; under guard
dastbasta ‫ﺘـﻪ‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـﻪ ــ‬mn‫ﺳ‬
‫ دﻩ ـ ـ‬hands tied, incapa-
ble, unable, total surrender
dastbatâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ﻪ‬mn‫ دﻩﺳ‬idle
dastbiłâw ‫و‬Ëmn‫ دﻩﺳ‬spendthrift
dastbiř É‫ ـﺘ ـ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ ـ‬one who fools or plays a
trick
dastdrezh ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ﺘـﺪر‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ دﻩ ــ‬aggressive, usurper,
influential
dastgir-bûn ‫ــــﺘــﮕــﺮ ﺑــﻮون‬8 ‫ دﻩﺳ‬v.i. to be ac-
quired: hîchyân das(t)gîr nâbe they
acquire nothing, they wind up with
nothing
dasthaq ‫ﳤﻪق‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬wage
dastik ‫ﺘﮏ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬handle, grip; bunch
dastkârî-kiran ‫ ـﺮان‬B ‫ ـﺘ ـﲀری‬8‫ دﻩﺳ ـ‬v.p. to be
tampered with
dastkhat ‫ﻪت‬Ø‫ﺘ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬handwriting
179
dastnakhurda ‫ﻪﺧﻮردﻩ‬žn‫ دﻩﺳ‬untouched
dastnûs ‫ﻮوس‬žn‫ دﻩﺳ‬manuscript
dastnwezh ‫ ـﮋ‬¤‫ ـﻮ‬ž‫ ـ‬n‫ دﻩﺳ ـ‬ablutions; ~-girtin
v.t. to make ablutions (for prayer)
dastpař ‫ﻪڕ‬Ün‫ دﻩﺳ‬masturbation
dastpiř gÎ‫ﺘ‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬rich
dasttang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ﻪ‬µn‫ دﻩﺳ‬poor
dast-u-dû ‫ﺘﻮدوو‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬physical prowess
dastûr ‫ﺘﻮور‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬constitution
dastwâłâ Ÿ‫ﺘﻮا‬8‫ دﻩﺳ‬empty-handed
dawan ‫ دﻩوﻩن‬bush
dawâ ‫ دﻩوا‬medicine; ~ u darmân medi-
cation and remedy
dawâm-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ دﻩوام‬v.t. to last, en-
dure
dawâr ‫ دﻩوار‬nomadic tent; tent material
dawl ‫ دﻩول‬drum
dawłamand ‫ﻪﻣﻪﻧﺪ‬T‫ دﻩو‬rich
dawłat ‫ـــــﻪت‬T‫ دﻩو‬wealth; state; ~î ‫ـــــﻪﰏ‬T‫دﻩو‬
state (adj.), governmental
dawr ‫ دﻩور‬era, time; ~bar gařân to go
around, about; ~-geřân v.t. to turn
circles; ~ u pisht i around (prep.); ba
~ …dâ around (prep.)
dawra ‫ دﻩورﻩ‬circle; ~-dân v.t. to sur-
round: dawra’yân dâbû they had him
surrounded
dawrân ‫ دﻩوران‬era, epoch; a long period
of time; circuit, circle; ~-kirdin ba
v.t. to take a turn on (a horse)
dawrî ‫ دﻩوری‬plate
day ‫ دﻩی‬hey, c’mon, look here
daz ‫ = دﻩز‬dast: ~baje immediately, at
once; ~gâ ‫ دﻩزﮔـــــــــــــﺎ‬apparatus; ~gîrân
‫ دﻩزﮔﲑان‬fiancé
dazu ‫ دﻩزو‬thread
dâ- ‫ دا‬compound verbal prefix, for dâ-
kirdin only see alphabetically below;
for other compound verbs see under
the verbal element: dâ-bazîn, dâ-dân,
dâ-diřîn, dâ-gîrân, dâ-hâtin, dâ-
kanin, dâ-khistin, dâ-nawândin, dâ-
nân, dâ-nîshtin, dâ-mazrândin, dâ-
rinân, dâ-rizân, dâ-rizhândin
’dâ ‫( دا‬postposition with the preposition
 SORANI KURDISH
la) in, at: l’ewa’dâ there, in that place;
l’ aw sa‘âtá’dâ at that time; (’dâ con-
tracts to ’á, particularly after nasals)
la dił i khom’â witim I said to myself
dâbash ‫ دادﻩش‬portion, division; ~-
kirdin v.t. to divide; ~-krânà sar v.p.
to be divided into; ~udâbir-kirdin ‫داﺑـﻪ‬
‫ﺮدن‬B g–‫ شودا‬v.t. to divide and slice up
dâbîn-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ داﺑـــﲔ‬v.t. to assemble,
arrange
dâd ‫ داد‬justice; ~-dân v.t. to give justice;
to be just; to work out for: aw dâdî
nadâyn it didn’t work out for us
dâdga ‫ دادﮔ ـﻪ‬court: ~ i harabarz supreme
court
dâgh ‫ داغ‬searing hot, scar; grief; ~-
kirdin v.t. to sear, brand, scar
dâgir i ‫ﮔﺮی‬ä‫ د‬inclusive of, comprising
dâgîr-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ﮔـــــﲑ‬ä‫ د‬v.t. to occupy,
usurp, take by force, oppress; ~kar
‫ﮔﲑﮐﻪر‬ä‫ د‬oppressor, oppressive
dâkh ‫ داخ‬grief; la ~ân ‫ﺎن‬L‫ دا‬v in grief
dâkhwâzînâma ‫ داﺧﻮازﯾﻨﺎﻣﻪ‬application
dâ-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ دا‬v.t. (1) to start raining:
bârân dây kird it started raining; (2)
to put animals in a stable: ḥaywânakâ-
nim dâ kird I stabled the animals; (3)
to pour grain in a bin: ganimaká’m
dâkird I poured the grain (into the
bin)
dâł ‫ داڵ‬an opened seed pod
dâm ‫دام‬: ~ u dazgâ ‫ دام و دﻩزﮔـــﺎ‬apparatus,
power, authority
dâmâwî ‫ داﻣﺎوی‬tribulation
dâmen ‫ ـﻦ‬Œ‫ داﻣ ـ‬skirt; ~-girtin v.t. to beset:
am bałâya dâmenî girtûm I am beset
by this disaster; dastim ~it ‫ــــــــــــــﱲ‬
8 ‫دﻩﺳ‬
‫ داﻣ´ﻨﺖ‬I beg you
dân1 ‫ دان‬da- ‫( دﻩ‬v.t., impt. sing. bídara,
in compounds, da ‫ ;دﻩ‬pass. dirân ‫)دران‬
to give, pay; ba …awa ~ to bite,
sting: mâr gutî petawa dadam “I’ll
bite you,” the snake said; mâr pewa’y
dâwin they’ve been bitten by a snake;
dâ-~ to sharpen (pencil); dâ-~à sar …
180
to rest, prop (s.th.) on …: ânîshk i
râstî dâdâyà sar mezaká he propped
his right elbow on the table; hał-~ (1)
to cast up, hurl up; (2) to blossom:
shînâwar-dakát hałî dâwa your gar-
den has blossomed; hał-~ la sar to
intervene on behalf of; hał-~ la to
start (to speak): la jwâbâ hałî dâ he
started to answer; hał-~awa to raise:
panjaraká hałdawa raise the sash; le-
~ to hit, strike; to throb: diłim ledadâ
my heart is throbbing; to play (instru-
ment): zuřnâ-kay zor khosh ledadâ he
played the flute very well; see also
alphabetically under le-dân
dân2 ‫ دان‬grain, seed: ganimakám ~’î na-
girtûa my wheat has not set seed; ~
ba kho …’dâ girtin v.t. to have pa-
tience, endure; ~-nahenân ba v.t. to
place no value in: kâwrâ dân ba minâ
nâhene the man places no value in me
dân3 ‫ دان‬tooth (= didân)
dânîshtû ‫ﺘﻮو‬8‫ داﻧ›ﺸ‬inhabitant
dâpîr ‫ داﭘﲑ‬grandmother
dâr ‫ دار‬tree, wood; staff, rod, stick;
~kârî-kirdin v.t. to beat with a stick;
khistinà zher ~ u falâqawa v.t. to put
to the bastinado; ~atarm ‫ دارﻩﺗــــﻪرم‬bier;
~awâr ‫ دارﻩوار‬structure; ~das ‫داردﻩس‬
walking stick, staff; ~istân ‫ﺘــﺎن‬8‫ دارﺳـ‬for-
est; ~în ‫ــــﻦ‬a‫ دار‬made of wood, wooden;
~tâsh ‫ش‬c‫ دار‬carpenter
dârezhar ‫ﮋﻩر‬¤‫ دار‬molder, formulator
dâshtin: hał-~ ‫ـﺪاﺷـﱳ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬v.t. to hurl (from
a height)
dâw ‫ داو‬trap; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to set a
trap
dâwar ‫ داوﻩر‬judge; ~î judging
dâwâ ‫ داوا‬demand; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ask
of, demand of
dâwen ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ = داو‬dâmen; ~pâkî ‫ـ˜ﰽ‬ÜÀl ‫ داو ــ‬in-
nocence, purity
dâwkhwâz ‫ داوﺧﻮاز‬volunteer
dâya ‫ داﯾـــﻪ‬mother; nurse; ~pîra ‫داﯾـــﻪﭘـــﲑﻩ‬
grandmother
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dâyara ‫ داﯾﻪرﻩ‬office
dâyik ‫ــــــﮏ‬a‫ دا‬mother; la ~ bûn v.i. to be
born
de ‫ دێ‬village
de- ‫ دێ‬pres. indicative stem of hâtin
deł- Çl‫ = د‬daheł-. See heshtin.
den- ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ = د‬dahen-. See henân.
deř g¤‫ د‬line
derîn ‫ــــــﻦ‬a‫ــــــﺮ‬¤‫ د‬ancient, old: aw nâwcha
shwenawârî a derînâná i Kurdistân
the ancient monumental regions of
Kurdistan
dew ‫ﻮ‬l‫ د‬demon
didân ‫ ددان‬tooth
dił ‫ دڵ‬heart, interior: la dił i khom’â
witim I said to myself; ~-râgirtin to
make happy; ~-shikândin v.t. to
break the heart: diłmân mashikena
don’t break our hearts; ba ~ i kho to
one’s heart’s desire; ~band i ‫ـــﺒـــﻪﻧـــﺪی‬T‫د‬
interested in; ~dâr ‫ـــــــﺪار‬T‫ د‬sweetheart;
~girân ‫ـــــﮕـــــﺮان‬T‫ د‬disheartened, heavy-
hearted; ~narm ‫ﻨـﻪرم‬T‫ د ـ‬contented; ~nyâ
‫ـــﻨـــﻴـــﺎ‬T‫ د‬la convinced of; ~pir ‫ـــﺮ‬Î‫ـــ‬T‫ د‬sad;
angry; ~raq ‫ـﺮﻩق‬T‫ د‬cold-hearted; ~sâda
‫ـﺴـﺎدﻩ‬T‫ د‬naïve; ~shikâw ‫ـﺸـﲀو‬T‫ د‬broken-
hearted; ~soz ‫ـــــــﺴـــــــﯚز‬T‫ د‬sympathetic;
~tang ‫ـــــﮓ‬s‫ـــــﺘـــــﻪ‬T‫ د‬sad, lonely; ~tangî
‫ـﮕـﯽ‬s‫ـﺘـﻪ‬T‫ د‬sadness, loneliness; ~tař ‫ـﺘـﻪڕ‬T‫د‬
glad, happy; ~tazen ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ـــﺘـــﻪز‬T‫ د‬tragedy,
calamity
diłop ‫ ـﯚپ‬T‫ د‬drop; ~ a khwenèk a drop of
blood
dimârakoł ‫ دﻣﺎرﻩﮐﯚڵ‬scorpion
dinân ‫ د‡ن‬tooth
dinyâ ‫ دﻧـــﻴـــﺎ‬world, weather: dinyâ zistân
bû it was winter; ~dîtin ‫ د ـﻧﻴـﺎدﯾـﱳ‬world-
ly experience
dir- ‫( در‬for words beginning with dir-,
see also dr-)
diř- ‫ دڕ‬pres. stem of dirîn; see also dr-
dirakht ‫ درﻩﺧﺖ‬tree
dirang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ درﻩ‬late; ~-bûn v.i. to be late
dirawshân(awa) ‫ درﻩوﺷﺎن‬v.i. to shine
dirâsa ‫ دراﺳﻪ‬lesson, study
181
dirân ‫ دران‬dre- ‫ درێ‬v.p. passive of dân;
la dargâ ~ for a knock to come at a
door
diřân ‫ دڕان‬see diřrân
dirâw ‫ دراو‬dirhem
diregh(î) ‫ــــﻎ‬l‫ در‬،‫ــــﻐــــﯽ‬l‫ در‬shortcoming; ~-
kirdin v.t. to be inadequate
dirinj ‫ درﱋ‬demon
diřîn ‫ـــــﻦ‬a‫ دڕ‬diř- ‫ دڕ‬v.t. to rip; dâ-~ to rip
(cloth)
diřik ‫ دڕک‬thorn
diřinda ‫ دڕﻧﺪﻩ‬savage, bestial
dirkândin ‫ درﰷﻧـــﺪن‬dirken- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ درﮐـــ‬v.t. to
confess; to pronounce; disclose, re-
veal (secret, &c.)
diro ‫ = درۆ‬dro
diřrân ‫ دڕان‬v.p. to be ripped
dirust ‫ دروﺳـﺖ‬right, correct; ~-kirdin v.t.
to make, build, construct
dirûn ‫ دروون‬dirû- ‫ دروو‬v.t. to stitch, sew;
hał-~ to seam together
dirwân ‫ دروان‬v.i.: hał-~ to be stitched
together
dirwena ‫ﻨﻪ‬l‫ درو‬reaping with sickle
dirz ‫ درز‬crack; ~ i darwâza opening
between two double doors
diz ‫ دز‬thief; ~î thievery, stealth; ba ~a
stealthily; ba ~ i unbeknownst to
dizh i ‫ دژی‬, dizh ba ‫ دژ ﺑــــﻪ‬against, vis-à-
vis: gawra-pyâwân i gund dizh i am
qsâná râdawastân the old men of the
village took a stance against this talk;
farmân’î ba kuřakáy dâ dizh i duzh-
min shař bikâ he ordered his son to
fight against the enemy
dî1 ‫ دی‬sight; ba ~ henân v.t. to bring
about, produce; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to
notice, to discern; to see, to spy: hîch i
wâ’m tyâ ba dî nakird I didn’t notice
anything like that wrong with him;
hâtinà ~ to come about, to happen
dî2 ‫ دی‬other; again: bo chandân jâr i dî
several other times
dîdâr ‫ دﯾﺪار‬interview, meeting
dîka ‫ـــﮑـــﻪ‬a‫( د‬adj.) other; (adv.) any more,
 SORANI KURDISH
further
dîl ‫ دﯾـــــﻞ‬prisoner; ba ~ girtin v.t. to take
prisoner
dîlmânj ‫ دﯾﻠﲈﱋ‬interpretor
dîman ‫ دﳝﻪن‬aspect, mien
dîmugrâfyâ ‫ دﳝﻮﮔﺮاﻓ;ﺎ‬demography
dîmukrât ‫ﺮات‬B‫ دﳝﻮ‬democratic
dîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ د‬bîn- ‫ ﺑﲔ‬v.t. to see
dîřok ‫ۆک‬ga‫ د‬legend
dîsân ‫ د§ﺴﺎن‬again, once more
dîtin ‫ دﯾـﱳ‬bîn- ‫ ﺑـﲔ‬v.t. to see; ~awa ‫ـــﻪوﻩ‬ žn‫دﯾ‬
to find
dîw ‫ دﯾﻮ‬side
dîwakhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ دﯾﻮﻩ‬living room
dîwân ‫ دﯾﻮان‬assembly hall, court
dîwâr ‫ دﯾﻮار‬wall
do ‫ دۆ‬yoghurt and water beverage
do‘â ‫ = دۆ`ﺎ‬du‘â
doł ‫ دۆڵ‬valley
dořândin ‫ دۆڕاﻧﺪن‬dořen- ‫ﻦ‬a‫ دۆڕ‬v.t. to lose
dosh dâ-mân ‫ دۆش داﻣـــــــــﺎن‬v.i. to be at a
loss for words
doshâw ‫ دۆﺷﺎو‬grape molasses
dost ‫ دۆﺳـﺖ‬friend; ~âna ‫ـــﺎﻧـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘ‬8‫ دۆﺳ‬friendly;
~âyatî ‫ﺘﺎﯾﻪﰏ‬8‫ دۆﺳ‬friendship
dozîn ‫ ـﻦ‬a‫ دۆز‬doz- ‫ دۆز‬v.t. to search for; to
find; ~awa ‫ دۆزﯾـــــﻨـــــﻪوﻩ‬to find, recover,
discover
dr- ‫( در‬for words beginning with dr-,
see also dir-)
drakht ‫ درﻩﺧﺖ‬tree
drân ‫ = دران‬dirân
drâwse ‰‫ دراوﺳ‬neighbor
drezh ‫ـــــــــﮋ‬¤‫ در‬long; ~-bûn v.i. to stretch
out; ~âî ‫ـﮋاﰃ‬¤‫ در‬length; ~a-dân ‫ـﮋﻩ دان‬¤‫در‬
v.t. to continue
drisht ‫ درﺷﺖ‬large
dro ‫ درۆ‬lie; ~-kirdin v.t. to lie
droshm ‫ درۆﴌ‬sign, distinguishing mark
drushm ‫ دروﴌ‬design; brightness, bril-
liance
drust ‫ = دروﺳﺖ‬dirust
duam ‫ = دوﻩم‬dûham
du‘â ‫ دو`ــــﺎ‬prayer, supplication; ~-kirdin
bo v.t. to pray for someone; ~ i kher
182
‫ﺮ‬ŒL ‫ دو`ﺎی‬prayer for well-being
dugma ‫ دوﮔـــــﻤـــــﻪ‬button; ~ dâ-khistin to
button: ~ i châkatay dâ-khist he but-
toned his jacket
dukân ‫دوﰷن‬, dukkân ‫ دوﮐـــﲀن‬shop; ~dâr
‫ دوﰷﻧﺪار‬shopkeeper
dund ‫ دوﻧﺪ‬summit, top of mountain
dunyâ ‫ = دوﻧﻴﺎ‬dinyâ
duř ‫ دوڕ‬middle; large pearl
duwân ‫ = دوان‬dwân
duzhmin ‫ دوژﻣ ـﻦ‬enemy; ~âyat ‫ ـﺎﯾ ـﻪت‬ž‫دوژﻣ ـ‬
enmity
dû ‫ دوو‬two; ~am ‫ دووﻩم‬second; ~barakî
‫ دووﺑــــــﻪرﻩﰽ‬enmity; ~bâra ‫ دوو¶رﻩ‬again,
once more; ~dił ‫ دوودڵ‬hesitant,
hesitating; ~dił la v ‫ دوودڵ‬distrustful
of, suspicious of; ~ham ‫ دووﻫــــــــﻪم‬sec-
ond; ~shamma ‫ دووﺷﻪﳑﻪ‬Monday
dûkał ‫دوﮐﻪڵ‬smoke
dûkyân ‫ــﻴــﺎن‬B‫ دوو‬the two of them, both of
them
dûpât ‫ دووﭘـــــــﺎت‬statement; ~-kirdinawa
v.t. to make a statement
dûpishk ‫ﺸﮏ‬é‫ دوو‬scorpion
dûr ‫ دوور‬far; la ~awa from afar; ~bîn
‫ دوورﺑﲔ‬telescope, camera
dûrân ‫ دووران‬dûr- ‫ = دوور‬dirwân
dûrînawa ‫ دوورﯾﻨﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to gather, harvest
dûrrân ‫ دوورران‬dûrre- ‫ دووررێ‬v.p. to be
sewn, stitched up
dûzhmin ‫ = دووژﻣﻦ‬duzhmin
dwâ ‫ دوا‬last (precedes word it modifies):
~ sâł last year, ~ shaw last night; ~ i
after (prep); ~ i awaî (ka) after (conj);
~î ‫ دواﰃ‬last, final; ~rozh ‫ دوارۆژ‬future;
ba ~ i …dâ nârdin to send for (s.o.);
la ~î’dâ ka after (conj); l’ am
~îâná’dâ recently
dwân ‫ دوان‬dwe- ‫ دوێ‬la v.i. to speak of,
talk about
dwândin ‫ دواﻧ ـﺪن‬dwen- ‫ ـﻦ‬¤‫ دو‬v.t. to speak
to, address: mamdwena! don’t speak
to me!; daydwândim he was speaking
to me
dwe(ka) ‫ دوێ‬،‫ﮑﻪ‬¤‫ دو‬yesterday, last night
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dwene ê‫ دﯾـــــﯚ‬yesterday; ~ sháwe ‫ـــــﻮێ‬l‫د‬
‫ ﺷﻪوێ‬last night
dyâr ‫ر‬p‫ د‬clear, obvious; ~-kirdin v.t. to
clarify; ba ~awa bûn v.i. to be visi-
ble, in view; ba ~î clearly, obviously;
~îkirâw ‫ﮑﺮاو‬a‫ر‬p‫ د‬obvious
dyârî ‫ری‬p‫ د‬present, gift
-è1 variant of the indefinite suffix -èk
-è2 directional suffix occurring on cer-
tain nouns like zhûrè ‫ ژوورێ‬upwards,
darè ‫ دﻩرێ‬outwards, mâłè ‰‫ــ‬T‫ ﻣــﺎ‬home-
wards, and as a variant of the direc-
tional enclitic à on verbs when the
complement of the directional is an
enclitic pronoun: náygamè I won’t
reach it, shitèk’î dadâtè he’ll give him
something
ejgâr ‫ﺠﮕـﺎر‬²‫ﺋ‬
‫ ـ ـ ـ‬very, very much; ~î ‫ﺠﮕـﺎری‬²‫ﺋ‬ ‫ــ ـ‬
at all, ever: ~ nâydwenim I don’t ever
speak to him; all at once: ~ bârim
kird I got up and left
-èk ‫ﮏ‬¤ indefinite suffix: pyâwèk a man
el ‫ﻞ‬²‫ ﺋ‬nation, tribe, people
ema ‫ﻤﻪ‬²‫ ﺋ‬we, us
era ‫ـﺮﻩ‬Œ‫ ﺋـ‬here; l’~(dâ) (‫ـﺮﻩ)دا‬Œ‫ ﻟـ‬here, in this
place; l’~wa ‫ﺮﻩوﻩ‬Œ‫ ﻟ‬from here, hence
Erân ‫ﺮان‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬Iran; ~î ‫ﺮاﱏ‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬Iranian
‘Eřâq ‫اق‬gŒ` Iraq; ~î ‫اﰵ‬gŒ` Iraqi
erayî ‫ــﺮﻩﱙ‬Œ‫ ﺋــ‬jealousy; ~-birdin ba v.t. to
be jealous of: erayî’yân pe dabird
they were jealous of him
esh ‫ـﺶ‬Œ‫ ـﺋ‬pain, ache; sar~a ‫ـﺸـﻪ‬â‫ ﺳـﻪر‬head-
ache
eshik-girtin ‫ـــﻦ‬Ž‫ـــﺸـــﮏ ﮔـــﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺋـــ‬v.t. to keep
watch
esk ‫ﺴﮏ‬Œ‫ = ﺋ‬esqân
esqân ‫ﺴﻘﺎن‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬bone
estâ ‫ﺘـﺎ‬8‫ﺴ‬Œ
‫ ﺋــ ــ‬now; l’~wa ‫ﺘـﺎوﻩ‬8‫ﺴ‬Œ
‫ ﻟــ ــ‬as of now,
from now on
estga ‫ﺘﮕﻪ‬8‫ﺴ‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬station
estir ‫ﺴﱰ‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬mule
ewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬²‫ ﺋ‬you (pl)
ewâra ‫ــﻮارﻩ‬²‫ ﺋــ‬evening: ~t bâsh good eve-
ning
183
ezing ‫ﮓ‬s‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺋ‬kindling
fakhr ‫ ﻓﻪﺧﺮ‬pride
falâ ‫ ﻓﻪﻻ‬peasant, farmer
falâkat ‫ ﻓـــﻪﻻﮐـــﻪت‬misery, difficulty, mis-
fortune
falâqa ‫ ﻓﻪﻻﻗﻪ‬bastinado
faqe Õ‫ ﻓﻪ‬student
faqîr ‫ ﻓﻪﻗﲑ‬poor; ~î poverty
farangî ‫ﮕﯽ‬s‫ ﻓﻪرﻩ‬European
farâham-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻓـﻪراﻫـﻪم‬v.t. to make
available
Farânsa ‫ﺴﻪ‬ë‫ ﻓﻪرا‬France
farâwân ‫ ﻓﻪراوان‬abundant, large-scale
farhang ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ‬culture; ~dost ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ﻓـﻪرﻫـﻪ‬
‫ دۆﺳـــــــﺖ‬cultured, culture-loving; ~ok
‫ﮕﯚک‬s‫ ﻓﻪرﻫﻪ‬glossary
Farhâd ‫ ﻓــــــﻪرﻫــــــﺎد‬Farhad, a character in
Nizami’s poem who falls in love with
Shirin
farmân ‫ ﻓــﻪرﻣــﺎن‬order, command; ~ ba je
henân v.t. to obey an order, to carry
out an order; ~ i khwâ ba je henân to
obey God’s command, to die; ~-dân
ba v.t. to command; ~bar ‫ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧﺒــﻪر‬offi-
cial
farmâyish ‫ ﻓــــﻪرﻣــــﺎ§ــــﺶ‬order, command;
‫~ ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ ـ§ﺸـﺖ‬t speech; ~t a mift ‫ﺘــﻪ‬8‫ﻓـﻪرﻣـﺎ§ـﺸـ‬
‫ ﻣﻔﺖ‬empty compliment
farmûn ‫ ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮون‬farmû- ‫ ﻓـــﻪرﻣـــﻮو‬v.t. to
command, to say (polite); (impt.)
please: farmû dânîsha please sit down
fatârat ‫رﻩت‬c‫ ﻓـﻪ‬calamity; sar i … dân ba
~’dâ to bring calamity down on …
fawt ‫ ﻓ ـﻪوت‬loss, death; ~ân ‫ن‬c‫ ﻓ ـﻪو‬fawte-
ì‫ ﻓــــــﻪو‬v.i. to cease to exist; to be lost;
to be all in, exhausted; ~ândin ‫ﻧـﺪن‬c‫ﻓـﻪو‬
fawten- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻓﻪوﺗ‬v.t. to give up, to lose
fâks ‫ﺲ‬B˜‫ ﻓ‬fax
fâmîn ‫ ﻓﺎﻣﲔ‬fâm- ‫ ﻓﺎم‬v.t. to understand
feł Ç‫ ﻓـــــ´ـــــ‬trick; ~-kirdin la v.t. to play a
trick on; ~abâz ‫ـﻪ¶ز‬k´‫ﻓ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬wily; ~bâzî ‫ـﻪ‬k´‫ﻓ‬‫ــ‬
‫ ¶زی‬trickery
fenik ‫ﺮک‬Œ‫ ﻓ‬cool
fer ‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ ـﻓ‬acquainted; ~-bûn v.i. to learn: la
 SORANI KURDISH
kwe fer i kurdî bûy? where did you
learn Kurdish?; ~-kirdin v.t. to teach
feřo ‫ۆ‬g‫ــــ‬Œ‫ ﻓــــ‬free, gratis; ba ~ for free, for
nothing, for no reason; ba ~ dân v.t.
to squander, waste: bakhtî ba feřo
dâwa he’s wasted his chance
fiłân ‫ ﻓﻼن‬so-and-so, dummy name
fiłeq ‫ـﻖ‬²k‫ﻓ‬
‫ ـ ـ‬flat, squashed; ~ân ‫ﻘـﺎن‬²k‫ﻓ‬ ‫ ـ ـ ـ‬fiłe-
qe- ‰‫ـﻘـ‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ـﻓ‬v.i. to be mashed, squashed;
~ândin ‫ـﻘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ـﻓ‬fiłeqen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ـﻘـ‬²‫ـ‬k‫ ـﻓ‬v.t. to
mash, squash
finjân ‫ﺎن‬íž‫ ﻓ‬cup
fiř g‫ ﻓ‬light, delicate; false
fira ‫ ﻓﺮﻩ‬very, much
fiře-dân ‫ێ دان‬g‫ ﻓـ‬v.t. to throw away, toss,
hurl
fiř|ândin ‫اﻧـــــﺪن‬g‫ ﻓـــــ‬v.t. to make fly, to fly
away with; ~în ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ ﻓ‬fiř- g‫ ﻓ‬v.i. to fly
firmesk ‫ ـﺴ ـﮏ‬Œ‫ ﻓ ـﺮﻣ ـ‬tear; ~ hał-rishtin v.t.
to shed tears
fiřoka ‫ۆﮐـﻪ‬g‫ ﻓـ‬airplane; ~khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L‫ۆﮐـﻪ‬g‫ﻓـ‬
airport
fiřufeł Ç´‫وﻓ‬g‫ ﻓ‬deception, trick
firyâ-kawtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮐـﻪو‬p‫ ﻓـﺮ‬v.i. to arrive at an
opportune moment; to come to some-
one’s assistance
fish ‫ ﻓﺶ‬flabby, soft
fitwâ ‫ﻮا‬µ‫ ﻓ‬legal opinion, permission
fînga ‫ ﻓ;ﻨﮕﻪ‬snivveling
fîs ‫ ﻓ›ﺲ‬wet
fîsâr ‫ ﻓ›ﺴﺎر‬so-and-so, such-and-such
fîshak ‫ﻓ›ﺸـﻪک‬ ‫ ــ‬cartridge; ~ligh ‫ ــﻓ›ﺸـﻪﳇـﻎ‬car-
tridge belt
fîshkândin ‫ ﻓ›ﺸﲀﻧﺪن‬v.t. to whinny, neigh
fîz ‫ ﻓﲒ‬pride
fre ‫ = ﻓﺮێ‬fire
froshtin ‫ ﻓﺮۆﺷﱳ‬frosh- ‫ ﻓﺮۆش‬v.t. to sell
fû-dân ‫ ﻓــــــــﻮو دان‬v.t. to puff up, blow up
(balloon, e.g.)
ga ‫ ﮔـــــــــــــــــــﻪ‬joint: pâm la ~ chûwa I’ve
sprained my ankle
gach ‫ ﮔﻪچ‬plaster
gał ‫ = ﮔﻪڵ‬lagał
gal ‫ ﮔـﻪل‬flock, herd, people; ~è ‰‫ ﮔـﻪﻟـ‬a lot,
184
a lot of, much, many: ~ gařân they
searched a lot; ~nâs ‫ ﮔﻪﻟﻨﺎس‬sociologist
gał ‫ ﮔﻪڵ‬space between the legs
gałâ Ÿ‫ ﮔ ـﻪ‬leaf: wakû gałâ i dâr as numer-
ous as leaves on a tree
gałârezân ‫ـﺰان‬¤‫ر‬Ÿ‫ ﮔـﻪ‬autumn; the month of
Scorpio (October 23–November 21)
gałâwej ‫ـــﺞ‬l‫و‬Ÿ‫ ﮔـــﻪ‬the month of Leo (July
23–August 22)
gałoz ‫ـــﯚز‬T‫ ﮔـــﻪ‬space between a dog’s legs:
kilkî da gałozî girt (the dog) stuck its
tail between its legs
gałû ‫ﻮو‬T‫ ﮔﻪ‬throat
gan ‫ ﮔﻪن‬putrid, evil-smelling
gandał ‫ ﮔﻪﻧﺪﻩڵ‬rotten tree
ganim ‫ ﮔﻪﱎ‬wheat
ganî ‫ ﮔـﻪﱏ‬bad odor, rotten smell; ~n ‫ﮔـﻪﻧـﲔ‬
v.i. to stink
ganj1 ‫ ﮔﻪﱋ‬treasure
ganj2 ‫ ﮔﻪﱋ‬young
garak ‫ ﮔﻪرﻩک‬it is necessary (+ subj.)
gařak ‫ ﮔـــــــﻪڕﻩک‬quarter (of town), neigh-
borhood
gařân ‫ ﮔـﻪڕان‬gaře- ‫ ﮔـﻪڕێ‬v.i. to turn, wan-
der, search; ~ ba dwâ i to search for,
look for; ~awa to return, come back;
hał-~ to be changed, transformed,
(with colors) to be …ish: sûrhałga-
řâw reddish; ~ la to quit, leave alone:
lem gařen leave me alone; ~ la to
look for: shitèkim gum kirdawa, ley
dagařem I’m looking for something I
lost; da sar ~ to get (s.th.) out of
one’s head
gard ‫ ﮔﻪرد‬dust
gardâw ‫ ﮔﻪرداو‬whirlpool
gardin ‫ ﮔـﻪردن‬neck (of an animal, bottle);
~âzâî-kirdin la ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔـــــﻪرد‡زاﰃ‬v.t. to
bid farewell to
gařîda ‫ ﮔﻪڕﯾﺪﻩ‬wanderer
garm ‫ ﮔـــﻪرم‬warm, hot; ~â ‫ ﮔـــﻪرﻣـــﺎ‬heat: ~ i
nîwařo midday heat; ~en ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔـﻪرﻣ‬warm
region; ~î ‫ ﮔﻪرﻣﯽ‬warmth
garû ‫ ﮔــــﻪروو‬neck, throat: wâ hast dakam
garûmî le piř bûwa I feel as though
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
my throat is full of it; ba ~ i …’dâ
kirdin v.t. to put down s.o.’s throat,
to feed to
garzik ‫ ﮔﻪرزک‬ring
gash ‫ ﮔﻪش‬fiery red; lush
gasha-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔـﻪﺷـﻪ‬v.t. to sprout up,
grow up
gasht ‫ ﮔﻪﺷﺖ‬trip, tour
gastin ‫ ﮔﻪﺷﱳ‬gaz- ‫ ﮔﻪز‬v.t. to bite
gavzân ‫ ﮔﻪﭬﺰان‬v.i. to roll over
gawař ‫ ﮔﻪوﻩڕ‬stable
gawâł ‫ ﮔـﻪواڵ‬wisp of cloud; gawâł-gawâł
wispy
gawj ‫ ﮔﻪوج‬stupid
gawra ‫ ﮔـــﻪورﻩ‬large, big, great; ~î ‫ﮔـــﻪورﻩﰃ‬
greatness; ~pyâw ‫ ﮔـﻪورﻩﭘـﻴـﺎو‬elder, dig-
nitary
gawzân ‫ = ﮔﻪوزان‬gavzân
gayândin ‫ﻧـــﺪن‬p‫ ﮔـــﻪ‬gayen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔـــﻪﯾـــ‬v.t. to
make reach; kho-~à … to get oneself
to: khoy agayenetà nâw shâr he’ll get
himself into town; lâwakân khoyân
gayândè the young men got thems-
elves there; râ-~ to make known,
publicize
gayîn ‫ ﮔﻪﯾﲔ‬ga- ‫ ﮔﻪ‬v.i. to arrive
gayshtin ‫ ﮔــﻪﺷــﱳ‬ga- ‫ ﮔــﻪ‬ba v.i. to arrive;
te-~ to understand; pe-~ to ripen, ma-
ture, come of age
gaz1 ‫ ﮔﻪز‬yard (linear measure)
gaz-2 ‫ ﮔﻪز‬pres. stem of gastin
gâ ‫ ﮔﺎ‬cow
gâł-dan ‫ ﮔﺎڵ دان‬v.t. to stir up
gâła ‫ ـﻪ‬T‫ ﮔ ـﺎ‬energetic labor; ~-kirdin ba to
work furiously at: chon dirwenayèk
har gâłay pe dakâ he’s working on it
fast and furiously
gâłok ‫ﯚک‬T‫ ﮔﺎ‬club
gâłta ‫ﺘـﻪ‬T‫ ﮔـﺎ ـ‬joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make
fun of: gâłtayân pe dakrâ they were
being made fun of, a joke was being
played on them; ba ~wa ‫ـﺘـﻪوﻩ‬T‫ ﺑـﻪﮔـﺎ‬jok-
ingly
gâmûsh ‫ ﮔﺎﻣﻮوش‬ox, buffalo
gân ‫ ﮔﺎن‬ge- ‰‫ ﮔ‬v.t. to fuck
185
gâsha ‫ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪ‬, ~bard ‫ ﮔـﺎﺷـﻪﺑـﻪرد‬large stone,
boulder
gâsin ‫ ﮔﺎﺳﻦ‬ploughshare
gâz ‫ ﮔﺎز‬bite; gas; ~-girtin la v.t. to bite
gâzarâ ‫ ﮔﺎزﻩرا‬middle of the back, spine
gâzinda ‫ ﮔﺎزﻧﺪﻩ‬objection, criticism
gâzir ‫ ﮔـــــﺎزر‬washerman, bleacher; ~-bûn
to be bleached
gechał ‫ﻪڵ‬²‫ ﮔ‬quarrel, dispute
geřân ‫ان‬g‫ـ‬Œ‫ ﮔـ‬geře ‫ێ‬g‫ـ‬Œ‫ ﮔـ‬v.t. to turn; ~awa
‫اﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬g‫ــــ‬Œ‫ ﮔــــ‬to relate, tell; war-~ to turn
into, to translate; war-~à sar … to
translate into: am ktebáy wargeřâyà
sar fârsî he translated this book into
Persian
gezh ‫ ـﮋ‬Œ‫ ﮔ ـ‬dizzy, spinning; ~-bûn to spin:
sarî gezh dabe his head will spin;
~ałûka ‫ـﻮوﮐـﻪ‬T‫ـﮋﻩ‬Œ‫ﮔ‬ ‫ ـ‬whirlwind; ~âw ‫ـﮋاو‬Œ‫ـﮔ‬
whirlpool
gh- (for most words beginning with gh-,
the Persianate spelling, see normal
Kurdish spelling under kh-)
ghadir-kirdin la v ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ™ﻪدر‬v.t. to cheat
ghałat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ™ﻪ‬error, mistake
ghałpaghałip ‫ﭗ‬T‫ﭙﻪ™ﻪ‬T‫ ™ﻪ‬commotion
gharîb ‫ ™ــــﻪرﯾــــﺐ‬stranger; ~î exile, being
away from home
ghaybzân ‫ ™ــــﻪﯾــــﱫان‬someone who knows
hidden things, seer, mindreader
ghazal ‫ ™ـــﻪزﻩل‬ghazal, a Persianate poetic
form
ghazna ‫ = ™ﻪزﻧﻪ‬khazna
ghâr-dân ‫ ™ﺎر دان‬v.t. to run
gichik ‫ﮏ‬Â‫ ﮔ‬small, little
gift ‫ﮔﻔـﺖ‬ ‫ ـ‬word; promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to
promise; ~ugo ‫ ﮔﻔﺖوﮔﯚ‬conversation
gił Ç‫ ﮔـ‬dirt, mud; birdinà bin ~ to take to
the grave
gila ƒ‫ ﮔــــــــــ‬complaint; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
complain of
gilân ‫ ﮔـﻼن‬v.i. to be thrown: la asp gilâm
I was thrown from my horse; to stum-
ble: aspakám gilâ my horse stumbled;
to move, shake, toss and turn; ~din
‫ ﮔ ـﻼﻧ ـﺪن‬gilen- ‫ ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔ ـﻠ ـ‬v.t. to throw, toss,
 SORANI KURDISH
shake
gilena ‫ﻨﻪ‬²‫ ﮔﻠ‬pupil of the eye
gimez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﮔﻤ‬urine; ~-kirdin v.t. to urinate
giř g‫ ﮔ‬flame; ~-girtin v.i. to be enflamed
giraw ‫ = ﮔﺮﻩو‬giro
girân ‫ ﮔﺮان‬heavy
gird ‫ ﮔــﺮد‬hill, knoll; ~ołka ‫ــﮑــﻪ‬T‫ ﮔــﺮدۆ‬pile,
stack of unthreshed grain
giriftâr ‫ـــﺎر‬µ‫ ﮔـــﺮﻓـــ‬captive, prisoner; ~-bûn
v.i. to be captured, taken prisoner; ~î
occupation, anguish
giring ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﮔﺮ‬important
girî ‫ ﮔــﺮی‬assumption; ~-kirdin v.t. to as-
sume
girm ‫ ﮔـــــــﺮم‬boom, plop, sound of a large
body falling; ~ u hor ‫ ﮔﺮموﻫﯚر‬ditto
girmola v‫ ﮔـﺮﻣـﯚ‬twisted, taut; ~-kirdin v.t.
to twist and turn, contort
giřnî ‫ﱏ‬g‫ ﮔ‬rough, coarse
giro ‫ ﮔــــﺮۆ‬bet; ~-birdinawa la v.t. to win
(a bet or game) from, come out on top
of
girtin ‫ ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔ ـﺮ‬gir- ‫ ﮔ ـﺮ‬v.t. to take; to pinch:
kawshakám pâm agire my shoes
pinch my feet; to hold, contain: am
jawâła shash pût nâgire this sack
won’t hold six pûts; ~ la to find fault
with, pick on: lem magira don’t pick
on me; ~à bar to adopt; ~awa la to
forbid: l’ aw kârânám girtotawa I
have forbidden those things; ~awa la
to reduce, make less: kharjit zora—
ley bigirawa you spend too much—
make it less; to catch (disease) from;
~awa to heal (broken bone): dast a
shikâwakát girtûyatawa your broken
arm has healed; ba …awa girtin to
cover oneself with, pull s.th. over
o.s.: lefay pewa girt he covered him-
self with a quilt; dâ-~ (1) to bring
down; (2) to drive crazy by talking:
wây dâgirtim ba qsa hoshim namâ he
drove me so crazy with his talking I
couldn’t think straight; hał-~ (1) to
lift, pick up: ama la zawî hałgira pick
186
this up from the floor; take off: sar i
am sindûqá hałgira take the top off
this box; pick out, select: l’ aw kaw-
shâná jûtèkî hałgira pick out a pair of
those shoes; dastim le hałgrin leave
me alone; (2) to hold, keep: am pâra-
yám bo hałgira keep this money for
me; (3) to allow: khwâ hałnâgire God
will not allow it; (4) to go out of con-
trol: asp hałî girtim the horse ran
away with me; (5) to hold something
up: gâyaká pâshûy hałgirtûa the cow
has its leg lifted; râ-~ to protect,
maintain; kho râ-~ to control oneself;
war-~ to take, take up
giryân ‫ن‬p‫ ﮔﺮ‬grî- ‫ ﮔﺮی‬v.i. to weep, cry
girzh ‫ ﮔـﺮژ‬frowning; dejected; rû~ ‫رووﮔـﺮژ‬
with a frowning expression
gisht ‫ ﮔﺸﺖ‬all; ~î public
gisk ‫ ﮔﺴﮏ‬broom; ~-dân v.t. to sweep
gizh1 ‫ ﮔــــــﮋ‬mussed, tangled (hair); ~-bûn
v.i. for the hair to stand on end; ba ~
… hâtin to get entangled with; ba ~
…dâ chûn to have to deal with; ~yân
‫ن‬p‫ ﮔــﮋ‬v.i. to be upset, to be mussed (of
the hair)
gizh2 ‫ ﮔـﮋ‬tree trunk; plant; ~-u-giyâ ‫ﮔـﮋوﮔﻴــﺎ‬
vegetation
gizh3 ‫ ﮔﮋ‬anger
gizh4 ‫ ﮔﮋ‬hard, solid
gizing ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﮔﺰ‬first rays of dawn
gîrâ-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔــــــﲑا‬v.t. to answer (a
prayer)
gîrân ‫ ﮔـــــﲑان‬gîre- ‫ ﮔـــــﲑێ‬v.p. to be taken
(passive of girtin); kho’y pe (râ)~ to
restrain oneself, control oneself:
kho’y pe nâgîre he can’t restrain him-
self; dâ-gîrân v.p. to be occupied:
wilât a dâgîrâwakân the occupied ter-
ritories; te-gîrân v.i. to tangle
gîrfân ‫ ﮔﲑﻓﺎن‬pocket
gîroda ‫ ﮔﲑۆدﻩ‬infatuated
gîrsân ‫ ﮔـــﲑﺳـــﺎن‬gîrse- ‰‫ ﮔـــﲑﺳـــ‬v.i. to stop,
cease; ~awa to stop, halt; dâ-~ to be
lit, ignited
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
gîrsândin ‫ ﮔـﲑﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬gîrsen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮔـﲑﺳ‬v.t.: dâ-
~ to light, ignite
go ‫ ﮔﯚ‬ball
goband ‫ ﮔﯚﺑﻪﻧﺪ‬celebration
gogird ‫ ﮔﯚﮔﺮد‬sulphur; match
goh ‫ ﮔـــــــــﯚﻩ‬ear, hearing; ~dâr capable of
hearing: gwechka i gohdâr well-
attuned ear
goł (1) gre u ~ ‫ ﮔـــﺮێ و ﮔـــﯚڵ‬knotted; gurj
u ~ ‫ ﮔـــــــﻮرج و ﮔـــــــﯚڵ‬nimble, quick; (2)
male: ~asag ‫ـﻪﺳـﻪگ‬T‫ ﮔـﯚ‬male dog, ~akar
‫ـﻪﮐـﻪر‬T‫ ﮔـﯚ‬male donkey; (3) goal (soccer);
~-kirdin la v.t. to score a goal against
gol ‫ ﮔﯚل‬calf; pool, pond; stupid
gołâła ‫ﻪ‬TŸ‫ ﮔﯚ‬anemone
gom ‫ ﮔـﯚم‬deep, stagnant water; indistinct;
lake, pond; ~âw deep pool
gomân ‫ ﮔـــﯚﻣـــﺎن‬suspicion; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to suspect
gon ‫ ﮔـﯚن‬cheek; ~asûra ‫ ﮔـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﻮورﻩ‬tomato;
~â ‡‫ ﮔ ـﯚ‬cheek; ~âgon ‫ ﮔ ـﯚ‡ﮔ ـﯚن‬various,
of all sorts
gopâł ‫ ﮔﯚﭘﺎڵ‬bat, club
gor ‫ ﮔﯚر‬like, manner
goř (1) ‫ ﮔــﯚڕ‬level, plain (ground); hâtinà
~è to come to the fore, be under dis-
cussion; (2) grave; ~istân ‫ــــــﺘـــﺎن‬ 8 ‫ﮔـــﯚڕﺳ‬
cemetery
gorân ‫ ﮔـــــــــﯚران‬the Goran division of the
Kurds; ~î Gorani; song
gořîn ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ ﮔـﯚڕ‬goř- ‫ ﮔـﯚڕ‬v.t. to change; ~awa
ba to exchange for; kho ~ to disguise
oneself; ~ar ‫ ﮔﯚڕﯾﻨﻪر‬change-producing
gořrân ‫ ﮔ ـﯚڕان‬gořre- ‫ ﮔ ـﯚڕێ‬v.p. to change
(int.), be changed
gosh-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮔـــــﯚش‬v.t. to suckle a
newborn
gosha ‫ ﮔﯚﺷﻪ‬corner, angle
gosht ‫ ﮔﯚﺷﺖ‬meat
gotin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔﯚ‬łe- ‰T v.t. to say
govâr ‫ ﮔﯚﭬﺎر‬magazine, journal
goz ‫( ﮔﯚز‬see nâz-u-goz)
goza ‫ ﮔﯚزﻩ‬pot
gozân ‫ ﮔـــــــﯚزان‬goze- ‫ ﮔـــــــﯚزێ‬v.t. to keep;
~awa ‫ ﮔــــﯚزاﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬to move from place to
187
place; hał-~ to lift, raise, draw up
gr- ‫ ﮔﺮ‬see gir-
gre ‫ ﮔـــﺮێ‬knot; ~ le-dân v.t. to tie a knot;
~ shil-kirdin v.t. to untie a knot;
~kwer ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ﮑﻮ‬¤‫ ﮔﺮ‬tangled knot
grewaghâr ‫ﻮﻩ™ﺎر‬l‫ ﮔﺮ‬foot race
gul ‫ ﮔﻮل‬leper; ~-bûn to get leprosy
guł ‫ ﮔــﻮڵ‬flower; ~ a sûr ‫ــﻪ ﺳــﻮور‬T‫ ﮔــﻮ‬rose;
~abarozha ‫ـﻪﺑـﻪرۆژﻩ‬T‫ ﮔـﻮ‬sunflower; ~âła
‫ﻪ‬TŸ‫ ﮔﻮ‬red tulip; ~âw ‫و‬Ÿ‫ ﮔﻮ‬rosewater
gulla ò‫ ﮔﻮ‬bullet
gułof ‫ـــــــﯚف‬T‫ ﮔـــــــﻮ‬pressure, crumple; ~în
‫ــﯚﻓــﲔ‬T‫ ﮔــﻮ‬v.t. to crumple; ~tin ‫ــﯚﻓــﱳ‬T‫ﮔــﻮ‬
gułof- ‫ ـﯚف‬T‫ ﮔ ـﻮ‬v.t. to squeeze, crumple;
kho hał-~tin v.t. to hug oneself
gum ‫ ﮔـﻮم‬lost; ~-bûn to get lost; ~řâ ‫ا‬g‫ﮔـﻮﻣـ‬
lost, deviant
gumân ‫ ﮔـﻮﻣـﺎن‬doubt, hesitation; ~-birdin
v.t. to doubt; to have, possess: hîch
shitè gumân nâbam I do not possess
anything; be~ ‫ــﮕــﻮﻣــﺎن‬²‫ ﺑــ‬doubtless(ly),
convinced
gumbad ‫ﻪد‬m‫ ﮔﻮﻣ‬dome
gun ‫ ﮔﻮن‬testes
gunâ ‡‫ ﮔــــﻮ‬sin, pity; ~bâr ‫ ﮔــــﻮ‡¶ر‬sinner,
transgressor
gund ‫ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ‬village; ~nishîn ‫ـﺸـﲔ‬ë‫ ﮔـﻮﻧـﺪ‬vil-
lager, village-dwelling
gunjân ‫ ﮔ ـﻮﳒ ـﺎن‬gunje- ‰‫ ﮔ ـﻮﳒ ـ‬v.i. to fit, be
fitting; dagunje biłeyn we may say, it
is appropriate for us to say
gur ‫ ﮔﻮر‬wolf; meeting
guř ‫ ﮔـــﻮڕ‬power; flame; threat; ~~ hâtinà
khwâre to pour down; ba~ powerful,
strong
gur|ân ‫ ﮔــــــﻮران‬gure- ‫ ﮔــــــﻮرێ‬v.i. to have
one’s head cut off; ~ândin ‫ ﮔ ـﻮراﻧ ـﺪن‬v.t.
to cut s.o.’s head off
guř|ân ‫ ﮔــــــﻮڕان‬guře- ‫ ﮔــــــﻮڕێ‬v.i. to roar;
~ândin ‫ ﮔـﻮڕاﻧـﺪن‬v.t. to roar; ~în ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ ﮔـﻮڕ‬to
roar
gurg ‫ ﮔﻮرگ‬wolf
gurîs ‫ ﮔﻮر§ﺲ‬rope
gurj ‫ ﮔــــﻮرج‬quick, soon; ba ~î ó‫ﺑــــﻪ ﮔــــﻮر‬
quickly, soon; ~ u goł ‫ ﮔـﻮرج و ﮔـﯚڵ‬nim-
 SORANI KURDISH
ble; ba ~ u gołî ‫ﯽ‬T‫ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮرج و ﮔﯚ‬nimbly
gutin ‫ــﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔــﻮ‬łe- ‰‫ــ‬T v.t. to say (see witin):
har b’ aw mabastaî ka gutmân just as
we said
guzar ‫ ﮔــــــﻮزﻩر‬lane, passage; area; ~-kir-
din ba …(dâ) v.t. to pass by; ~ândin
‫ ﮔــــﻮزﻩراﻧــــﺪن‬guzaren- ‫ــــﻦ‬¤‫ ﮔــــﻮزﻩر‬v.t. to
spend, pass: hamû zhyân’î lagał
mařdârî guzarândûa he has spent his
entire life being a shepherd; zhyân-u-
~ân ‫نوﮔﻮزﻩران‬p‫ ژ‬life
gû ‫ ﮔﻮو‬excrement, shit
gûr ‫ ﮔﻮور‬calf
gwâstin(awa) ‫ ﮔــﻮاﺳــﱳ‬gwez-(awa) ‫ــﺰ‬¤‫ﮔــﻮ‬
v.t. to move, to relocate; to take a
bride to the husband’s house
gwâya ‫ ﮔﻮاﯾﻪ‬as if, as though, you’d say
gwâztin(awa) ‫ـــــــﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮔـــــــﻮاز‬v.t. to move; =
gwâstin
gwe ‫ ﮔـــــﻮێ‬ear; ~-âkhnîn la to ignore; ~-
bûn la v.i. to hear; ~-dânà … to
listen to; ~-(râ)girtin la v.t. to listen
to
gwebîs ‫ـــﺲ‬ ›‫ﺒ‬l‫ ﮔـﻮ‬obedient; aware: wâ gwe-
bîs bûm ka bârân bârîwa I was aware
that it had rained
gwecham ‫ﻪم‬Âl‫ ﮔﻮ‬riverbank
gwechka ‫ﭽﮑـﻪ‬l ‫ ﮔـﻮ ـ ـ‬ear; ~-dân v.t. to listen;
~-girtin v.t. to hear; ~-takândin v.t.
to listen
gweder ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ﺪ‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬listener
gwedrezh ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ﺪر‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬mule
gwegir ‫ﮕﺮ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬listener
gwegirân ‫ﮕﺮان‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬hard of hearing
gwel ‫ﻞ‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬handful
gwepichiř-gwepichiř g‫ﭙﭽـ‬l ‫ ﮔـﻮ ــ‬g‫ﭙﭽـ‬l‫ ﮔـﻮ ــ‬with
great difficulty: girtibûyânim, gwe-
pichiř-gwepichiř rizgârîm hât they
had captured me, and I was rescued
with great difficulty; with alacrity
gwequłâkh ‫خ‬Ÿ‫ﻘﻮ‬l‫ ﮔﻮ‬attentive
gwerâyał ‫ـﺮاﯾـﻪڵ‬¤‫ ﮔـﻮ‬obedient, submissive;
~î obedience, submissiveness
gweraka ‫ﺮﻩﮐﻪ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬calf
gwez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬walnut; ~hînd ‫ﺰﻫﻴﻨﺪ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬coconut
188
gwez- ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﮔﻮ‬pres. stem of gwâstin
gyâ ‫ ﮔﻴﺎ‬plant
gyân ‫ ﮔـــﻴـــﺎن‬soul; (following name) dear;
wa ~ kawtin to escape alive; ~-
keshân v.t. to work hard; ~-(a)spâr-
din v.t. to give up the ghost, to die;
~dâr ‫ ﮔـــﻴـــﺎﻧـــﺪار‬animal, living creature;
~kanisht ‫ﺸـﺖ‬ë‫ﮑـﻪ ـ‬s‫ ـﮔﻴـﺎ ـ‬moment of death;
~labar ‫ﺑﻪر‬ƒ‫ ﮔﻴﺎﻧ‬alive, living
habûn ‫ ﻫـﻪﺑـﻮون‬for there to be; haya there
is; habû there was; habe u nabe
“come hell or high water”
hafta ‫ﻪ‬µ‫ ﻫﻪﻓ‬week
haftâ ‫ﺎ‬µ‫ ﻫﻪﻓ‬seventy
haftâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬µ‫ ﻫﻪﻓ‬weekly
hagba ‫ ﻫﻪﮔﺒﻪ‬saddle pack
ḥakâyat ‫ „ـــــﻪﰷﯾـــــﻪت‬story, tale; ~khwân
‫ „ﻪﰷﯾﻪﲣﻮان‬teller of tales, storyteller
ḥakîm ‫ﲓ‬B‫ „ﻪ‬physician
hal (1) ‫ ﻫـــــﻪل‬time, turn: la ~ u darfate in
time, at the right time; la hîch ~ u
marjèk’dâ at no time and under no
circumstances; (2) opportunity: bo
halèk i wâ dagařân they were looking
for just such an opportunity
hał- ‫ ﻫ ـﻪڵ‬compound-verbal prefix; for all
verbs compounded with hał-, see un-
der the verbal element
hała ‫ـــﻪ‬T‫ ﻫـــﻪ‬error, mistake; ba ~(dâ) erro-
neously
haładâwân ‫ـﻪداوان‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬haste; ba ~ hurried-
ly, hastily, in a hurry
hałat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬precipice
hałâtin ‫ﻦ‬ŽŸ‫ = ﻫﻪ‬hał-hâtin
hałbast ‫ﺒــﻪﺳـﺖ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬poet; ~a ‫ﺘــﻪ‬8‫ﺒــﻪﺳـ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬poem,
poetry
hałbizhârdin ‫اردن‬ö‫ـــ‬T‫ ﻫـــﻪ‬election (see bi-
zhârdin)
hałdast- ‫ــﺪﻩﺳــﺖ‬T‫ ﻫــﻪ‬see hał-wastân (s.v.
wastân)
hałè ‰‫ـــ‬T‫ ﻫـــﻪ‬the prefix hał- with the direc-
tional suffix -è; see under hał-hâtin
hałenjân ‫ﺎن‬í‫ﻨ‬²T‫ ﻫﻪ‬v.t. to draw water
hałiz ‫ ـﺰ‬T‫ ﻫ ـﻪ‬type of plant with needle-like
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
leaves
hałkawt ‫ﮑـﻪوت‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ ـ‬chance, accident; ba ~
‫ﮑـﻪوت‬T‫ ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪ ـ‬by chance, incidentally; ~û
‫ﮑﻪوﺗﻮو‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬nice-looking
hałmat ‫ﻤـﻪت‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ ـ‬attack; ~-birdin/-dân v.t.
to attack
hało ‫ﯚ‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬eagle
hałpa ‫ﭙﻪ‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬haste
hałpařke ‰‫ﭙﻪڕﮐ‬T‫ ﻫﻪ‬type of Kurdish dance
hałs ‫ـﺲ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬rising; ~ukawt ‫ﺴـﻮﮐـﻪوت‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ ـ‬be-
havior, conduct
hałssân ‫ـﺴـﺎن‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬hałss- ‫ـﺲ‬T‫ ﻫـﻪ‬contraction
of hał-wastân, q.v.
hałwest (1) ‫ ـﺴ ـﺖ‬â‫ ـﻮ‬T‫ ﻫ ـﻪ‬a short rest, stop;
(2) point of view, standpoint, stance
ham1 ‫ ﻫـﻪم‬concern, grief; ~u tam ‫ﻫـﻪموﺗـﻪم‬
sorrow and grief
ham2…ham ‫ ﻫﻪم‬... ‫ ﻫﻪم‬both…and
hamân ‫ ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺎن‬that very, the aforemen-
tioned
hamaranga ‫ ـﮕ ـﻪ‬s‫ ﻫ ـﻪﻣ ـﻪرﻩ‬multicolored, of
all sorts, varied
hamdîs ‫ ﻫــــﻪﻣــــﺪ§ــــﺲ‬once again, all over
again
hamîsân ‫ ﻫﻪﻣ›ﺴﺎن‬again
hamîsha ‫ ﻫـــﻪﻣـــ›ـــﺸـــﻪ‬always; ~î constant:
khwâst i hamîshaî a wish one has
always had
ḥaml ‫ „ــــﻪﻣــــﻞ‬pregnancy: zhinakáy bâr i
hamlî dabe his wife is pregnant
hamû ‫ ﻫـــﻪﻣـــﻮو‬all, every (+ indefinite): ~
rozhèk every day
hana ‫ ﻫــــﻪﻧــــﻪ‬second wife (relationship to
the first wife); ~zâ ‫ ﻫـــــــﻪﻧـــــــﻪزا‬child of
another wife, step-child
hanâr ‫ ﻫﻪ‡ر‬pomegranate
hanâsa ‫ ﻫــــــــﻪ‡ﺳــــــــﻪ‬breath, sigh; ~ hał-
keshân v.t. to breathe a sigh; ~sardî
‫ ﻫﻪ‡ﺳﻪﺳﻪردی‬grief
hand ‫ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ‬: ~è ‫ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪێ‬, ~èk ‫ـﮏ‬¤‫ ﻫـﻪﻧـﺪ‬a little,
a bit, somewhat, rather
handar ‫ ﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩر‬outside; ~î foreign
hangâw ‫ـﮕـﺎو‬s‫ ﻫـﻪ‬step, pace; ~-nân bo v.t.
to step into
hangwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ﮕﻮ‬s‫ ﻫﻪ‬honey
189
ḥapasân ‫ „ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـﺎن‬ḥapase- ‰‫ „ـﻪﭘـﻪﺳـ‬v.i. to
be astounded, stunned
haq ‫ ﻫـﻪق‬،‫ „ـﻪق‬right; ~ ba ~ ‫ ﻫـﻪق ﺑـﻪ ﻫـﻪق‬tit
for tat; ~ bûn ba to be right: haq ba
to a you’re right; ba~ ‫ ﺑــــــﻪﻫــــــﻪق‬in the
right; be~ ‫ﻬﻪق‬²‫ ﺑ‬in the wrong
haqdast ‫ ﻫﻪﻗﺪﻩﺳﺖ‬wage
ḥaqîqat ‫ „ﻪﻗ;ﻘﻪت‬truth, reality
har ‫ ﻫـــﻪر‬just; ~ awanda ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﺋـــﻪوﻩﻧـــﺪﻩ‬just
that much; ~ chonè bû somehow or
other; ~chand ‫ ﻫـﻪر¸ـﻪﻧـﺪ‬however much,
no matter how much; ~chanda ‫ﻫــﻪر¸ــﻪ‬
‫ ـﻧ ﺪﻩ‬although; ~chî ‫ ﻫـﻪرﭼـﯽ‬whatever, no
matter what; ~chîchikânawa ‫ﻫــــﻪرﭼــــﯽ‬
‫ ﭼـــﲀﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬no matter what they did; ~ka
‫ ﻫــــﻪرﮐــــﻪ‬as soon as: har ka châwî pem
kawt as soon as his eyes fell upon me;
~wahâ ‫ﻫـــﻪروﻩﻫـــﺎ‬, ~wâ ‫ ﻫـــﻪروا‬likewise;
~watir ‫ﺮ‬Ž‫ ﻫﻪروﻩ‬even more so
hař u gîf (gîv) ‫ ﻫﻪڕ و ﮔﻴﻒ‬threat
hara- ‫( ﻫـــــــــــــــﻪرﻩ‬prefix with superlative
sense); ~barz ‫ ﻫــــﻪرﻩﺑــــﻪرز‬exalted, very
high, supreme: dâdga i harabarz
supreme court; ~girân ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﻩﮔـــﺮان‬very
heavy
haras ‫ ﻫـــﻪرﻩس‬landslide, avalanche (con-
strued with birdin and henân)
hařasha ‫ ﻫـــﻪڕﻩﺷـــﻪ‬threat; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to threaten
hařâ-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻫﻪڕا‬v.t. to run
harâsân ‫ ﻫــــﻪراﺳــــﺎن‬out-of-sorts, in a bad
mood
harem ‫ﻢ‬l‫ ﻫﻪر‬region
hargiz ‫( ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰ‬+ neg) never; ~âw~ ‫ﻫـﻪرﮔـﺰاو‬
‫ ﻫﻪرﮔﺰ‬never ever
harzakâr ‫ ﻫﻪرزﻩﰷر‬adolescent
harzał-harzał ‫ ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ ﻫــــﻪرزﻩڵ‬in tatters
and shreds, useless
ḥasân|awa ‫ „ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ‬ḥase- -awa ‫ه‬...‰‫„ـﻪﺳـ‬
‫ وﻩ‬v.i. to rest, relax, be in repose;
~dinawa ‫ „ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to let rest, let
relax
ḥashîmat ‫ „ﻪﺷ;ـﻤﻪت‬people, crowd
hast ‫ ﻫـــﻪﺳـــﺖ‬feeling; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to
feel: hast’î ba birsetî kird he felt hun-
 SORANI KURDISH
ger; ~yâr (neol.) poet
hatâ c‫ ﻫـــﻪ‬until, even; ~ hatâî ‫ﰃ‬c‫ﻫـــﻪ‬c‫ﻫـــﻪ‬
forever
hatâw ‫و‬c‫ ﻫﻪ‬the sun; ~î ‫وى‬c‫ ﻫﻪ‬solar
hatî ‫ ﻫــــــــﻪﰏ‬threatening term of address:
hatî! datkuzhim! I’m going to kill
you, you devil!
hatîm ‫ ﻫﻪﺗﲓ‬orphan
hatîw ‫ = ﻫﻪﺗﻴﻮ‬hatîm
hawał ‫ ﻫﻪوﻩڵ‬first; ~în ‫ﲔ‬T‫ ﻫﻪوﻩ‬first
hawâ ‫ ﻫﻪوا‬air, weather
hawâł ‫ ﻫﻪواڵ‬news
hawâr ‫ ﻫـــــــﻪوار‬summer pasture; ~nishîn
‫ـــﺸـــﲔ‬ë‫ ﻫـــﻪوار‬encamped for the summer
(of a nomadic tribe)
hawen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﻫﻪو‬leaven, ferment
hawł ‫ ﻫــــــــــــــﻪوڵ‬toil, effort; ~-dân v.t. to
strive, to work hard, to attempt
Hawler ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻫﻪوﻟ‬Arbil, Arbela
hawr ‫ ﻫﻪور‬cloud
hawsha ‫ ﻫﻪوﺷﻪ‬courtyard
ḥawt ‫ „ﻪوت‬seven; ~â c‫ „ﻪو‬seventy
ḥawz ‫ „ﻪوز‬pool
haya ‫ ﻫـــﻪﯾـــﻪ‬there is, there are; (preceded
by a possessive pronoun) to have:
pirsyârekim haya I have a question
hayhât ‫ ﻫﻪﳞﺎت‬impossible
haz ‫ ﻫـــــــﻪز‬desire; ~-kirdin v.t. to desire:
haz dakam bitbînim I’d like to see
you
hazhâr ‫ ﻫـﻪژار‬poor, unfortunate; ~î ‫ﻫـﻪژاری‬
poverty, misfortune
ḥazîrân ‫ــــﺮان‬a‫ „ــــﻪز‬June (see also huzay-
rân)
hâkâ ‫ ﻫ˜ﰷ‬thus
ḥâkim ‫ „˜ﰼ‬ruler
ḥâł ‫ „ــــﺎڵ‬state, condition; ~ u masala te-
gayândin v.t. to explain a situation
to: ~ u masala’y te gayândim he ex-
plained the situation to me
hâle ‰‫ ﻫـــﺎﻟـــ‬informed; ~-bûn ba to be in-
formed of; ~-bûn ba … la … to be
thinking of one thing (ba) instead of
another (la), to mistake X (ba) for Y
(la): ba kasèk i dîka’m le hâle nabin?
190
might they not be confusing me with
somebody else?
hâłî ‫ﯽ‬T‫ ﻫﺎ‬empty
hâło ‫ﯚ‬T‫ ﻫﺎ‬earthenware pot
hâlû ‫ ﻫﺎﻟﻮ‬maternal uncle
hâmez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻫﺎﻣ‬bosom, embrace
hâna ‫ ﻫـــــﺎﻧـــــﻪ‬motivation, provocation; ~-
dân v.t. to motivate
hâne ê‫ ﻫﺎ‬there, take it
hâra ‫ ﻫـــــــــــﺎرﻩ‬shout; ~ i pekanîn peal of
laughter
hâřâ|n ‫ ﻫـــﺎڕان‬v.i. to be pulverized; ~ndin
‫ ﻫــــﺎڕاﻧــــﺪن‬v.t. to pulverize; ~wa ‫ﻫــــﺎڕاوﻩ‬
dust, powder, grist
ḥâshâ ‫ „ـﺎﺷـﺎ‬denial; ~-kirdin v.t. to deny;
~hałnagir ‫ﻨﻪﮔﺮ‬T‫ „ﺎﺷﺎﻫﻪ‬undeniable
ḥâshiya ‫ﻴﻪ‬8‫ „ﺎﺷ‬marginalia
hât ‫ ﻫــــــــﺎت‬luck: hâtim niya I don’t have
any luck; ~uchû-kirdin ‫ﻫـــــﺎت و ﭼـــــﻮو‬
‫ﺮدن‬B v.t. to come and go, to frequent
hâtin ‫ ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻫ ـﺎ‬ye-/de- ‫ﯾ ـﻪ‬/‫( دێ‬pres. subj. be-
/; impt. sing. wára ‫ )وﻩرﻩ‬v.i. to come;
(with kas and following subjunctive)
no one would: kas nâye kârèk i wâ
bikât no one would do such a thing;
dâ-~ to be accustomed; hał-~ to run
away: hât hałè he started to run away;
râ-~ lagał …dâ to learn from, be
taught by, get used to; ~à (+ infini-
tive) to get …: hâtinà kushtin they
got killed, hâtà girtin he got caught; ~
la to be capable of being: la hałgirtin
nadahât it couldn’t be picked up
hâtucho-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻫـــﺎﺗـــﻮﭼـــﯚ‬v.t. to fre-
quent (a place)
hâw- ‫( ﻫـــــﺎو‬prefix) same- (see individual
words alphabetically)
hâwâr ‫ ﻫ ـﺎوار‬cry for help; ~-kirdin v.t. to
cry for help
hâwbash ‫ ﻫ ـﺎوﺑ ـﻪش‬participant; ~ i … bûn
to participate, share in; ~î ‫ ﻫـﺎوﺑـﻪﳽ‬par-
ticipation; ~î-kirdin la …’dâ v.t. to
participate in
hâwezh ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ ﻫﺎو‬grasp
hâwezh- ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ ﻫﺎو‬pres. stem of hâwîshtin
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
hâwirdin ‫ ﻫﺎوردن‬hâwir- ‫ ﻫﺎور‬v.t. to bring
hâwîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﻫﺎو‬summer
hâwîshtin ‫ ﻫـﺎو§ـﺸـﱳ‬hâwezh- ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ ﻫـﺎو‬v.t. to
throw, toss, shoot; dar-~ to toss out,
throw away
hâwkâr ‫ ﻫـﺎوﰷر‬colleague; ~î-kirdin lagał
v.t. to cooperate with
hâwmânâ ‡‫ ﻫــــﺎوﻣــــﺎ‬synonymous, having
the same meaning
hâwnâw ‫ ﻫﺎو‡و‬namesake; synonym
hâwře ‫ ﻫﺎوڕێ‬comrade, companion
hâwsafar ‫ ﻫﺎوﺳﻪﻓﻪر‬traveling companion
hâwsâ ‫ ﻫﺎوﺳﺎ‬neighbor
hâwshewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬²8‫ ﻫﺎوﺷ‬similar
hâwshîra ‫ ﻫﺎوﺷﲑﻩ‬sister
hâwtaman ‫ ﻫـﺎوﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن‬contemporary, of the
same age
hâwtâ c‫ ﻫﺎو‬equal; be~ c‫ﻬﺎو‬²‫ ﺑ‬unequalled
hâybakht ‫ ﻫﺎﯾﺒﻪﺧﺖ‬lottery
hâzir ‫ ﻫﺎزر‬ready
hejgâr ‫ﺠﮕﺎر‬²‫ ﻫ‬extremely
heł- Dz‫ ﻫ‬pres. stem of heshtin
hełân ‫ن‬Ë‫ـ‬²‫ ﻫـ‬hełe- ‰‫ـ‬k²‫ ﻫـ ـ‬v.t. to let go; dâ-
~à khwârawa to let down, lower:
pat’yân henâ u dâyânhełâ khwârawa
they brought a rope and lowered him
down
helka ‫ﻠﮑﻪ‬²‫ ﻫ‬egg
hemin ‫ ـﻤ ـﻦ‬²‫ ﻫ ـ‬slow; ~-kirdin v.t. to slow,
slow down: hangâwî hemin kird he
slowed his pace; ~î slowness: ba
heminî rû’m da hâwřeakám kird u
gutim I slowly turned my face to my
companion and said
henân ‫ــﻨــﺎن‬²‫ ﻫــ‬hen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫( ﻫــ‬v.t.; pres. stem
often yen-, as in nâyenim for nâhenim
I won’t bring it) to bring; ~awa sar
kho- to bring back to oneself; ba je ~
to execute, carry out (an order); dar-~
(darenân) to put out, pull out, take
off, extract: châwîlkaká’m la châw
darenâbû I had taken off my glasses;
dâ-~ to comb the hair down; râ-~ to
teach, to get into shape; to tame
Hend ‫ﻨﺪ‬²‫ ﻫ‬India
191
henda ‫ـــﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻨ‬²‫ ﻫ‬so, so much, this much; ~ …
tâ so much (so) that: bulbul henda’y
khwend tâ kham’î la hamû diłân
târand the nightingale sang so much
that it drove the sorrow from all
hearts
hendè(k) ‫ــﻨــﺪێ‬²‫ ﻫــ‬،‫ــﮏ‬¤‫ــﻨــﺪ‬²‫ ﻫــ‬a bit; for a
while
henrân ‫ـــﲊان‬²‫ ﻫـــ‬henre- ‫ـــﲊێ‬²‫ ﻫـــ‬v.p. to be
brought
herish ‫ــــﺮش‬Œ‫ ﻫــــ‬attack; ~-henân ba to at-
tack; ~-birdinà sar … to attack
(s.o.); ~henar ‫ـﻨـﻪر‬²‫ـﺮﺷـﻬـ‬Œ‫ ﻫـ‬attacker, ag-
gressor
hero ‫ﺮۆ‬Œ‫ ﻫ‬marshmallow (bot.)
heshtâ ‫ـــﺘـــﺎ‬8‫ـــﺸـــ‬Œ‫ ﻫـــ‬still, yet; ~ (+ neg. past
perf.) ka ‫ ﮐـﻪ‬... ‫ﺘـﺎ‬8‫ﺸ‬Œ ‫ ﻫــ ــ‬no sooner…than,
scarcely…when: heshtâ nanustibû ka
dangèk’î ba gwe gaysht no sooner
had he fallen asleep than he heard a
noise
heshtin ‫ـﺸـﱳ‬Œ‫ ﻫـ‬heł- Ç‫ـ‬²‫( ﻫـ‬v.t.; subj. often
beł- for biheł-) to leave, let, allow (+
subj): nayânheshtim bem they didn’t
let me come; to turn loose, let go;
(neg.) not to leave (anyone alive); ba
je ~ to leave alone, leave behind, let
be, abandon: ba je’y heshtim he left
me alone; dâ-~ to let down, lower:
patèk’im bo benin u dâmbełinà
khwârawa bring me a rope and lower
me down
hez ‫ـــــﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻫـــــ‬strength, power: ~ i atom the
power of the atom; ba~ ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺑﻪﻫ‬powerful
hezhâ ‫ﮋا‬Œ‫ ﻫ‬valued, valuable, dear
ḥikâyat ‫ = ﺣﲀﯾﻪت‬hakâyat
ḥikûmat ‫ ﺣﮑﻮوﻣﻪت‬government
ḥizb ‫ ﺣﺰب‬political party
hî ‫ ﻫــــــﯽ‬really: hî awa niya bâs bikre it’s
not really anything that can be talked
about
hîch ‫( ﻫﻴــﭻ‬+ neg.) nothing: ~ i tir nothing
else; ~ kasèk ‫ﮏ‬²8‫ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮐﻪﺳ‬nobody
hîlâk ‫ ﻫـــﻴـــﻼک‬tired; ~î tiredness, exhaus-
tion
 SORANI KURDISH
ḥîlk|a ‫ ﺣـــ;ـــﻠـــﮑـــﻪ‬peal of laughter; ~ândin
‫ ﺣ;ﻠﲀﻧﺪن‬v.t. to laugh
hîn-bûn ‫ ﻫﲔ ﺑﻮون‬v.i. to learn
hîshk ‫ ﻫ›ﺸﮏ‬dry
hîwâ ‫ ﻫـــﻴـــﻮا‬hope: hîwâ i zhyân’î le nada-
kirâ there was no hope of his surviv-
ing; ~biřrâw ‫او‬g‫ ﻫـﻴـﻮا–ـ‬without hope, in
despair; ~biřrâwî ‫اوی‬g‫ ﻫـــﻴـــﻮا–ـــ‬despair;
~dâr ‫ ﻫﻴﻮادار‬hopeful
hîz ‫ ﻫــﲒ‬skein, leather bag for oil, cheese,
&c.
ho ‫ ﻫﯚ‬reason
hoba ‫ ﻫﯚﺑﻪ‬campsite
hoda ‫ ﻫﯚدﻩ‬room
hon|în ‫ ﻫــــﯚﻧــــﲔ‬v.t. to spin (thread), com-
pose (poetry); ~din ‫ ﻫـﯚﻧـﺪن‬v.t. to string,
to weave together; ~drâw ‫ ﻫ ـﯚﻧ ـﺪراو‬wo-
ven together, threaded together; ~râw
‫ﺮاو‬s‫ = ﻫﯚ‬hondrâw
hor ‫ ﻫﯚر‬boom, big noise
hoř ‫ ﻫﯚڕ‬sack
hortik ‫ﮏ‬Ž‫ ﻫﻮر‬ugly baby
hosh ‫ ﻫـــــــﯚش‬consciousness; hâtinawa ~
kho- to regain consciousness; la ~ (i
kho) chûn to lose consciousness; be~
‫ـــﻬـــﯚش‬²‫ ﺑـــ‬unconscious; be~-bûn v.i. to
faint, pass out, lose consciousness
hoz ‫ ﻫﯚز‬tribe, people, population
htâ ‫ = ﻫﺘﺎ‬hatâ
humed ‫ ﻫ ـﻮﻣ ـ´ ـﺪ‬hope; ~biřrâw ‫او‬g‫ﻫ ـﻮﻣ ـ´ ـﺪ– ـ‬
hopeless, in despair
hunar ‫ ﻫـــــــﻮﻧـــــــﻪر‬art, craft, skill; ~mand
‫ ﻫــﻮﻧــﻪرﻣــﻪﻧــﺪ‬artist, artisan; ba~ ‫ﺑــﻪﻫــﻮﻧــﻪر‬
skilled
ḥushtir ‫ = ﺣﻮﺷﱰ‬wishtir
ḥuzayrân ‫ﺮان‬a‫ ﺣﻮزﻩ‬June
hûn-bûn ‫ = ﻫﻮون ﺑﻮون‬hîn-bûn
hûsha u fîsha ‫ ﻫﻮوﺷﻪ و ﻓ›ﺸﻪ‬hissing
(initial i and î are intermingled in alpha-
betization; the distinction between
initial i and î is not always main-
tained; initial î is spelled ‫ ﺋ ـ; ــ‬and ‫ اﯾ ــ‬in-
discriminately)
ibtidâî ‫ اﺑﺘﺪاﰃ‬elementary
192
idâra ‫ ادارﻩ‬office
îdî ‫ ﺋﻴﺪی‬anymore
îjâbî ‫ﺎﰉ‬í‫ ﺋﻴ‬positive
ikhtiyâr ‫ ـﻴ ـﺎر‬µ‫ اﺧ ـ‬old, aged: rîshim spî bû,
tawâw ~ bûwim my beard is white: I
have become old
iklîl ‫ﳇﻴﻞ‬ä = kilîl
îmayl ‫ ﺋ;ـﻤﻪﯾﻞ‬e-mail
împirâtorî ‫ـﺮاﺗـﯚری‬Î‫ ﺋـﻴـ‬empire: ~ i ‘usmânî
the Ottoman Empire
împiryâlîst ‫ﻟ›ﺴـﺖ‬ ‫ ــ‬p‫ــﺮ‬Î‫ ﺋ;ـــﻤ‬imperialist: nata-
wa gawra ~akân the great imperialist
nations
imřo ‫ۆ‬g‫ اﻣ‬today
imshaw ‫ اﻣﺸﻪو‬tonight
înglîs ‫ــﮕــﻠــ›ــﺲ‬ž‫ ﺋــ›ــ‬the English, the British
(coll.); ~î English (person, language)
injâ ‫ﺎ‬íž›‫ ﺋ‬then, next
insân ‫ﺴﺎن‬ë‫ ا‬human being
‘Irâq ‫ ﻋﺮاق‬Iraq; ~î ‫ ﻋﺮاﰵ‬Iraqi
isti‘mâr ‫ــــﺘــﻌــﲈر‬8 ‫ اﺳ‬colonialism, imperial-
ism; ~î ‫ﺘﻌﲈری‬8‫ اﺳ‬imperialist
îsh ‫ ﺋــ›ــﺶ‬work, labor, deed; ~-kirdin v.t.
to work; ~kar ‫ﺋ›ﺸﮑـﻪر‬ ‫ ــ ـ‬hardworking; ~-
u-kâr ‫ ﺋ›ﺶ و ﰷر‬business
-îsh ‫( §ـــــــﺶ‬enclitic, after vowels ’sh and
’ysh) too, also, either
îshârat ‫ ﺋ›ﺸﺎرﻩت‬motion; sign
îslâm ‫ ﺋ›ﺴﻼم‬Islam; ~î Islamic
îstaram-kirdin la v ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ــﺘـﻪرﻩم‬8 ‫ ﺋـ›ـﺴ‬v.t. to
beg, plead with
îtir ‫ ﺋﻴﱰ‬again, another time
îzn ‫ ﺋــــــــــــﲒن‬permission; ba ~ i khwâ by
God’s leave
jala-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B v‫ •ــﻪ‬v.t. to tie (animals)
together in a herd
jallâd ‫ •ﻠﻼد‬executioner
jambûra ‫ـﻮورﻩ‬m‫ •ـﻪﻣـ‬generality, crowd; ~ i
khałk ü‫ﻪ‬L ‫ﻮورﻩى‬m‫ •ﻪﻣ‬ordinary people
janâb ‫ •ــــﻪ‡ب‬excellency: khałk i gunda-
kámân châwařwân i janâbitin the
people of our village are waiting for
your excellency; janâb i pâshâ his
majesty, your majesty
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
janâza ‫ •ﻪ‡زﻩ‬funeral
jang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ •ﻪ‬war, battle
jarda ‫ •ﻪردﻩ‬highway robber
jarg ‫ •ﻪرگ‬liver, heart (metaphorical)
jarrâḥ ‫ •ﻪڕاح‬surgeon
jawanda ‫ •ﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩ‬leather water bag
jawâł ‫ •ـــــــــــﻪواڵ‬large sack or saddlebag,
usually one of a pair on either side of
a donkey or horse
jawâhîr ‫ •ﻪواﻫﲑ‬jewels
jazhn ‫ •ﻪژن‬festival, celebration
jâ ‫ •ﺎ‬then, therefore
jâda ‫ •ﺎدﻩ‬road, street
jâdû ‫ •ـﺎدوو‬magic, sorcery; ~gar ‫•ـﺎدووﮔـﻪر‬
magician, sorcerer
jâłjâłûka ‫ﻮوﮐﻪ‬T‫ﺎ‬íT‫ •ﺎ‬spider
jâm ‫ •ﺎم‬mirror, glass, pane; bowl
jânawar ‫ •ﺎﻧﻪوﻩر‬animal
jândârm ‫ •ﺎﻧﺪارم‬police
jântâ ‫ •ﺎﻧﺘﺎ‬satchel
jâr ‫ •ـﺎر‬time, instance: dû hafta ~èk once
every two weeks; ~ân ‫ •ـــــــــــﺎران‬olden
times, past times; ~èk ‫ــــﮏ‬¤‫ •ــــﺎر‬once;
~èkyân ‫ﮑ;ــﺎن‬¤‫ •ـﺎر ـ‬once, one time; ba ~e
‫ ﺑـﻪ•ـﺎرێ‬all at once; ~ u bâr ‫ •ـﺎرو¶ر‬oc-
casionally, from time to time
jâř ‫ •ـــــــــﺎڕ‬proclamation; ~-dân la v.t. to
proclaim, to broadcast; ~-keshân v.t.
to proclaim, make a proclamation;
~chî ‫ •ﺎڕﭼﯽ‬herald
jâwîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ •ﺎو‬v.t. to chew
je ‰‫ ﺟــــــــــ‬place; la ~gâ i instead of; ba ~
mân v.i. to be left behind; ba ~
heshtin v.t. to leave, leave behind,
abandon; ~-mân v.i. to be left behind;
~ga ‫ ﺟـ´ـﮕـﻪ‬place, bed; ~gâ ‫ ﺟـ´ـﮕـﺎ‬place,
position; ~nishîn ‫ ـﺸ ـﲔ‬À‫ ﺟ ـ´ ـ‬heir-appar-
ent, successor
jebaje-kirdin ‫ ـﺮدن‬B ‰‫ ﺟ ـ´ ـﺒ ـﻪﺟ ـ‬v.t. to finish
off, to polish off
jiga la v ‫ ﺟــــــﮕــــــﻪ‬aside from, except for;
without; jiga l’ awaî ‫وﻩى‬v ‫ ﺟـــﮕـــﻪ‬aside
from the fact that, in addition to the
fact that
jigar ‫ﺟﮕـﻪر‬ ‫ ـ‬liver, child; ~-sûtân to lose a
193
child to death; ~gosha ‫ﺟﮕـﻪرﮔـﯚﺷـﻪ‬ ‫ ـ‬child;
~soz ‫ ﺟﮕﻪرﺳﯚز‬consoler
jigara ‫ ﺟـــــــﮕـــــــﻪرﻩ‬cigarette; ~-keshân to
smoke cigarettes
jighâr ‫ ﺟﻐﺎر‬grief, sorrow
jil ‫ •ـــــــــــﻞ‬clothes, togs; ~-nân to put on
clothes
jila ĥ octopus
jiław ‫ﻪو‬k• reins
jimîn ‫ ﲨﲔ‬jim- ‫ ﰖ‬v.i. to move
jinew ‫ﻮ‬²ž‫ ﺟ‬insult; ~-dân ba to curse at
jinoka ‫ﯚﮐﻪ‬ž‫ ﺟ‬genii
jinûb ‫ﻮوب‬ž‫ ﺟ‬south
jiř g‫ ﺟــــ‬rip; ~-dân v.t. to rip; ~-hâtin v.i.
to have difficulty, be sad
jirîwa ‫ ﺟﺮﯾﻮﻩ‬cooing (of doves)
jisin ‫ ﺟﺴﻦ‬noble, race
jiwân ‫ ﺟـــﻮان‬young; ~amarg ‫ﺟـــﻮاﻧـــﻪﻣـــﻪرگ‬
died young; ~ka ‫ﮑﻪ‬s‫ ﺟﻮا‬adolescent
jizma ‫ ﺟﺰﻣﻪ‬boot
jîhân ‫ ﺟ ـﳱ ـﺎن‬world; ~bîn ‫ ﺟ ـﳱ ـﺎﻧ ـﺒ ـﲔ‬world-
seeing, all-seeing
jînosâyd ‫ ﺟ;ﻨﯚﺳﺎﯾﺪ‬genocide
jîra ‫ • ـﲑﻩ‬salary, stipend; ~khor ‫• ـﲑﻩﺧ ـﯚر‬
salaried
joga ‫ ﺟﯚﮔﻪ‬stream
jołâ Ÿ‫ ﺟﯚ‬weaver
jor ‫ ﺟـﯚر‬sort, kind; manner: b’ aw jorá in
that manner; ~âw~ ‫ﺟــــــﯚراﺟــــــﯚر‬, ~ba~
‫ ﺟﯚرﺑﻪﺟﯚر‬of all sorts, various
jorâw ‫ ﺟﯚراو‬sock
jořik ‫ ﺟﯚڕک‬bag, saddlebag
jozardân ‫ ﺟﯚزﻩردان‬the month of Gemini
jum‘a ‫ ﺟﻮﻣﻌﻪ‬Friday
jûł|a-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‫ــــــﻪ‬T‫ ﺟــــــﻮو‬to move, to
budge; ~ân ‫ ﺟــﻮوﻻن‬jûłe- ‰‫ ﺟــﻮوﻟــ‬v.i. to
move
jût ‫ ﺟﻮوت‬pair; ~yâr ‫ ﺟﻮوﺗﻴﺎر‬farmer
jwâb ‫ ﺟـــــﻮاب‬answer, reply; ~-dân v.t. to
reply
jwân ‫ ﺟـــــــﻮان‬pretty, beautiful; ~î ‫ﺟـــــــﻮاﱏ‬
beauty
jyâ ‫ ﺟ;ــﺎ‬separate, apart; ~wâz ‫ ﺟ;ــﺎواز‬sepa-
rate; ~wâzî ‫ ﺟ;ــﺎوازی‬distinguishing fea-
ture
 SORANI KURDISH
jyât i ‫ ﺟ;ﺎﰏ‬instead of
ka1 ‫ ﮐــــــــــــﻪ‬other, else: hîch i ~’m nâwe I
don’t want anything else
ka2 ‫ ﮐـــــﻪ‬when (conj); that (subordinating
conj.)
ka- ‫ ﮐﻪ‬pres. stem of kirdin
kachał ‫ ﮐﻪ¸ﻪڵ‬bald, mangy
kachî ‫ ﮐﻪﭼﯽ‬but, on the other hand
kaftin ‫ ﮐﻪﻓﱳ‬kaf- ‫ = ﮐﻪف‬kawtin
kal ‫ ﮐـــــــــــــــﻪل‬mountain pass; broken (of
teeth); ~-u-pal ‫ ﮐﻪلوﭘﻪل‬odds and ends
kalabâb ‫¶ب‬v‫ ﮐﻪ‬rooster
kałak ‫ﻪک‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬pile; ~ a bard pile of rocks
kałakewî ‫ﻮی‬²‫ﻪﮐ‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬mountain ram
kalapoř ‫ﭘﯚڕ‬v‫ ﮐﻪ‬paraphernalia, baggage
kalapûr ‫ﭘﻮور‬v‫ ﮐﻪ‬tradition; ~î traditional
kałasher ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ﻪﺷ‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬rooster
kalâwa ‫ ﮐﻪﻻوﻩ‬ruin, a ruined building
kałk ‫ـﮏ‬T‫ ﮐـﻪ‬use, benefit: kałkî nabû it was
useless; ~ war-girtin la to derive
benefit from; ~bakhsh ‫ــﻪﺧـﺶ‬m‫ﮑ‬T‫ ﮐـﻪ ـ‬ben-
eficial; ba~ ‫ـﮏ‬T‫ ﺑـﻪﮐـﻪ‬useful, beneficial;
be~ ‫ﮏ‬T‫ﮑﻪ‬²‫ ﺑ‬useless, worthless
kałkała i ‫ﻪی‬T‫ﮑﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﻪ‬wish, desire for
kalla ƒ‫ ﮐﻪﻟـ‬head
kaltur ‫ ﮐﻪﻟﺘﻮر‬culture
kalupal ‫ = ﮐﻪﻟﻮﭘﻪل‬kalapoř
kam ‫ ﮐــﻪم‬little, little bit; ~bînâ ‫ــﻴــﻨــﺎ‬m‫ﮐــﻪﻣــ‬
weak-sighted, unable to see well;
~hawen ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﻪو‬¹‫ ﮐـﻪ‬unproductive; ~tir ‫ﮐـﻪ‬
‫ ﻣـﱰ‬less; ~ u zor more or less; ~tâkur-
tè(k) more or less
kamarchîn ‫ ﮐﻪﻣﻪر¸ﲔ‬cliff
kan- ‫ ﮐﻪن‬pres. stem of kanîn and kanin
kanâł ‫ ﮐﻪ‡ڵ‬channel (television)
kandałân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ ﮐﻪﻧﺪﻩ‬edge of ravine
kandâł ‫ ﮐﻪﻧﺪاڵ‬hill
kandin ‫ ﮐﻪﻧﺪن‬see kanin
kandrân ‫ ﮐـــﻪﻧـــﺪران‬v.p. to be pulled up, to
be dug up; hał-~ to be pulled out, to
be wrenched out
kange ‰‫ﮕ‬s‫ ﮐﻪ‬when?, what time?
kanin ‫ ـﻦ‬s‫( ﮐ ـﻪ‬kandin ‫ )ﮐ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪن‬kan- ‫ ﮐ ـﻪن‬to
pull up, off, dig up; dâ-~ to pull off;
194
hał-~ to pull up, uproot, dig
kanîn ‫ ﮐـﻪﻧـﲔ‬-kan- ‫ ﮐـﻪن‬v.i. to laugh; pe-~
to laugh
kanîshk ‫ ﮐﻪﻧ›ﺸﮏ‬girl, daughter
kar ‫ ﮐﻪر‬donkey, ass
karasa ‫ = ﮐﻪرﻩﺳﻪ‬karista
kařat ‫ﮐﻪڕﻩت‬. See karrat.
karista ‫ﺘـﻪ‬8‫ﺳ‬
‫ ﮐـﻪر ــ‬raw material; instrument,
tool, means; feature
Karkûk ‫ﻮوک‬B‫ ﮐﻪر‬Kirkuk
karrat ‫ ﮐــــــﻪڕﻩت‬time, instance: aw ~á’sh
that time too; la mezhû i kurd’dâ bo
hawałîn ~ for the first time in the
history of the Kurds
karsak ‫ ﮐﻪرﺳﻪک‬large clod
karweshik ‫ = ﮐﻪرو§ﺸﮏ‬kawreshik
kas ‫ ﮐـﻪس‬person; ~è ‰‫ ﮐـﻪﺳـ‬anybody; ~-u-
kâr ‫ ﮐـﻪس و ﰷر‬people, relatives; ~âyatî
‫ ﮐﻪﺳﺎﯾﻪﰏ‬relationship
kasâbat ‫ ﮐـﻪﺳـﺎﺑـﻪت‬livelihood: bâwkim kâr
u ~î chi bû? What did my father do
for a living?; ~-kirdin v.t. to make a
living
kasâs ‫ ﮐﻪﺳﺎس‬distressed; ~î distress
kash ‫ ﮐﻪش‬stormcloud
kashtî ‫ﱴ‬8‫ ﮐﻪﺷ‬boat, ship
kasukâr ‫ ﮐﻪﺳﻮﰷر‬see kas
katin ‫ــﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮐــﻪ‬insult; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to in-
sult: katinèk i gawra’y pe kirdûm he
has insulted me greatly
kaw ‫ ﮐﻪو‬sieve with large holes
kaw- ‫ ﮐﻪو‬pres. stem of kawtin
kawâł ‫ ﮐـــﻪواڵ‬herds and flocks; ~~ spread
out
kawâta ‫ ﮐﻪواﺗﻪ‬then, therefore, in that case
kawâw ‫ ﮐﻪواو‬roasted meat
kawchik ‫ ﮐﻪو¸ﮏ‬spoon
kawł ‫ ﮐـــﻪوڵ‬skin (of an animal); ~-kirdin
to skin (an animal)
kawn ‫ ﮐﻪون‬old; ~ârâ ‫ ﮐﻪو‡را‬old, ancient
kawreshik ‫ﺸﮏ‬â‫ ﮐﻪور‬rabbit, hare
kawsh ‫ ﮐﻪوش‬shoe
kawtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﮐـﻪو‬kaw- ‫ ﮐـﻪو‬v.i. to fall, befall;
dar-~ to go outside, to appear; dâ-~
to fall away; dûr ~awa to get far
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
away; ~à … (+ inf.) to start to, fall to:
kawtînà qsa kirdin we started talking;
hał-~ la to be situated in
kay ‫ ﮐﻪی‬when?
kaybânû ‫ ﮐﻪﯾﺒﺎﻧﻮو‬lady
kayf ‫ ﮐـــﻪﯾـــﻒ‬enjoyment; ~ u safâ kirdin
lagał v.t. to enjoy oneself (sexually)
with
Kaykâwis ‫ــــﲀوس‬a‫ ﮐــــﻪ‬Kay-Kaus, shah of
Iran
kazh ‫ ﮐﻪژ‬mountain
kazhâl ‫ = ﮐﻪژال‬khazâł
kâ ‫ ﰷ‬straw
kâbrâ ‫ ﰷ–ﺮا‬man, gentleman
kâch ‫ ﰷچ‬pool
kâghaz ‫ ﰷ™ﻪز‬paper
kâhû ‫ ﰷﻫﻮو‬lettuce
kâk ‫ ﰷک‬elder brother; ~a ‫ "ﮐﻪ‬sir
kâkłamûshân ‫ﻪﻣﻮوﺷﺎن‬k‫ "ﮐ‬spider
kâł ‫ ﰷڵ‬raw; unripe, immature; light
(color); faded
kâłâ Ÿ‫ ﰷ‬cloth, commercial goods
kâlân ‫ ﰷﻻن‬scabbord
kâm ‫ ﰷم‬which?, which one?
kân ‫ ﰷن‬mine; ~zâ ‫ﺰا‬s‫ ﰷ‬mineral
kânî ‫ ﰷﱏ‬spring; ~âw ‫ ﰷﻧﻴﺎو‬waterspring
kânûn ‫ ﰷﻧـــﻮون‬: ~ i yekam December; ~ i
dûham January
kâr ‫ ﰷر‬work, thing (intangible): nâtwâ-
nîn am ~á bikayn we can’t do this
thing; ~-kirdin v.t. to work, to do
something; ba ~ henrân v.p. to be
used, be put to use; ~ ba sarawa bûn
v.i. to have a responsibility, have
something to do: îdî kâr’it ba sarawa
nabe you have nothing else to do,
there is nothing further you have to
do; be~ ‫ـﲀر‬²‫ ـﺑ‬unemployed; be~î ‫ـﲀری‬²‫ـﺑ‬
unemployment
kârabâ ¶‫ ﰷرﻩ‬electricity
kârakar ‫ ﰷرﻩﮐﻪر‬worker, servant
kârasât ‫ ﰷرﻩﺳﺎت‬catastrophe
kârbadast ‫ ﰷرﺑﻪدﻩﺳﺖ‬official
kârez ‫ــــﺰ‬¤‫ ﰷر‬underground water channel;
~kan ‫ﺰﮐﻪن‬¤‫ ﰷر‬kârez digger
195
kârîgar ‫ــﮕــﻪر‬a‫ ﰷر‬effective; mortal: birîn i
~ mortal wound
kârkhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﰷر‬factory
kâr-u-bâr ‫ ﰷرو¶ر‬affairs, busines
kârwân ‫ ﰷروان‬caravan; ~chî ‫ـﯽ‬#‫ ﰷروا‬cara-
van leader; ~sarâ ‫ـﺴـﻪرا‬ë‫ ﰷروا‬caravanse-
rai
kâs ‫ ﰷس‬dizzy; faint
kâset ‫ﺖ‬Œ‫ ﰷﺳ‬cassette
kâsib ‫ ﰷﺳـــﺐ‬merchant, trader, shopkeep-
er; ~î ‫ﱮ‬8‫ ﰷﺳ‬trade, commerce
kât1 ‫ ﰷت‬time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time;
~è(k) ì‫ ﰷ‬،‫ ـﮏ‬²‫ ﰷﺗ ـ‬when (temporal con-
junction); la ~èk’dâ while, during, at
a time when
kât2 ‫ ﰷت‬back of the neck
kâwezh ‫ــــﮋ‬¤‫ ﰷو‬cud; ~-kirdin v.t. to chew
the cud
kâwrâ ‫ = ﰷورا‬kâbrâ
kâya ‫ ﰷﯾﻪ‬game; ~gâ ‫ ﰷﯾﻪﮔﺎ‬playing field
ke ‰‫ ﮐ‬who?
kebarke ‰‫ﺒﻪرﮐ‬²‫ ﮐ‬race, competition
kef ‫ﻒ‬²‫ ﮐ‬mountain; cave
kel ‫ﻞ‬²‫ ﮐ‬tombstone
kełân ‫ن‬˲‫ ﮐ‬keł- Dz‫ ﮐ‬v.t. to plow
ken ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﮐـــ‬the black fabric of which tents
are made
ker ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﮐ‬penis
kerd ‫ﺮد‬Œ‫ ﮐ‬knife
kesha ‫ـــﺸـــﻪ‬Œ‫ ﮐـــ‬dispute; ~ i … chârasar-
kirdin v.t. to deal with
keshân ‫ـــﺸـــﺎن‬Œ‫ ﮐـــ‬kesh- ‫ـــﺶ‬Œ‫ ﮐـــ‬v.t. to pull,
draw; râ-~ to draw, pull, select; see
also râ-kishân
kew ‫ﻮ‬²‫ ﮐ‬mountain
kha ‫ﻪ‬L pres. stem of khistin
khabar ‫ــﻪﺑــﻪر‬L news; awareness; ~bazen
‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﻪﺑـﻪرﺑـﻪز‬L spy; ~dâr ‫ـﻪﺑـﻪردار‬L, ba~ ‫ـﻪﺑـﻪ‬L‫ﺑـﻪ‬
‫ ر‬awake, aware, informed; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to wake up; ~-dân v.t. to report,
give news
khabâr ‫ﻪ¶ر‬L danger
khabât ‫ـــــﻪ¶ت‬L struggle; ~-kirdin v.t. to
struggle; ~kar ‫ﮑﻪر‬Ž¶‫ﻪ‬L struggler
khafa ‫ـــــــﻪﻓـــــــﻪ‬L undistinguished family;
 SORANI KURDISH
weak flame; ~-kirdin v.t. to choke,
strangle; to lower (flame)
khafat ‫ـﻪﻓـﻪت‬L sorrow; ~bâr ‫ـﻪﻓـﻪ ـﺗﺒـﺎر‬L sor-
rowful; ~-khwârdin v.t. to grieve
khałat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ﻪ‬L curse; mistake; deception
khałatân ‫ن‬c‫ـﻪ‬T‫ـﻪ‬L khałate- ì‫ـﻪ‬T‫ـﻪ‬L v.i. to be
deceived, tricked
khałatândin ‫ﻧــــﺪن‬c‫ــــﻪ‬T‫ــــﻪ‬L v.t. to deceive,
trick
khałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ـﻪ‬L reward; ~-kirdin v.t. to re-
ward
khałef ‫ﻒ‬²T‫ﻪ‬L beehive
khałk ‫ﮏ‬T‫ﻪ‬L people
khałq ‫ﻖ‬T‫ﻪ‬L = khałk
khałtân ‫ﺘــﺎن‬T‫ـﻪ‬L wallowing, floundering; ~
i khwen ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ـــﺘـــﺎﱏ ﺧـــﻮ‬T‫ـــﻪ‬L weltering in
blood
kham ‫ـــﻪم‬L worry, sorrow; ~bâr ‫ـــﺎر‬m‫ـــﻪﻣـــ‬L
sorrow-raining; ~girtû ‫ـﻪ ـﻣﮕـﺗﺮـﻮو‬L griev-
ing, sad; ~gîn ‫ ـﻪﻣ ـﮕ ـﲔ‬L sorrowful, sad;
~khor ‫ـــﻪﳐـــﯚر‬L sympathetic, consoler;
~nâk ‫ﺎک‬ž‫ﻪﻣ‬L sad
khamłân ‫ن‬Ë‫ـﻪﻣـ‬L khamłe- ‰‫ــ‬k‫ـﻪﻣ‬L v.i. to be
decorated, embellished
khamřa ‫ﻩ‬g‫ﻪﻣ‬L large vat
khamza ‫ﻪﻣﺰﻩ‬L wink
khana ‫ﻪﻧﻪ‬L henna
khandak ‫ﻪﻧﺪﻩک‬L ditch
khanjar ‫ـــﻪﳒـــﻪر‬L dagger; dânà bar ~ v.t.
to stab, cut with a knife
khar- ‫ـــــﻪر‬L (imperative stem of khistin):
bíkhara (impt. sing) throw!
kharand ‫ﻪرﻩﻧﺪ‬L ditch, cesspool
kharâb ‫ﻪراب‬L bad, out of order, broken
kharâmân ‫ــــــﻪراﻣــــــﺎن‬L graceful, walking
stately
kharâp ‫ﻪراپ‬L = khirâp
kharâw ‫ـﻪراو‬L = kharâb; ~akar ‫ـﻪراوﻩﮐـﻪ‬L
‫ر‬, ~akâr ‫ــــﻪراوﻩﰷر‬L robber; ~-witin v.t.
to curse
kharbâr ‫ـﻪر¶ر‬L large measure of weight,
300 kilos
kharek ‫ﮏ‬¤‫ﻪر‬L = kharîk
kharîb ‫ﻪرﯾﺐ‬L stranger
kharîk ‫ـــﮏ‬a‫ـــﻪر‬L busy, occupied; kharîk-
196
bûn to be busy: ~ i dars-khwendinîn
we’re busy studying
kharîta ‫ﻪرﯾﺘﻪ‬L map
kharj ‫ــــــﻪرج‬L outlay, expenditure; ~-kir-
din v.t. to spend (money)
kharmân ‫ــــــﻪرﻣــــــﺎن‬L haystack, threshing
floor; ~a ‫ـﻪرﻣـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L halo around the moon;
~ân ‫ــــــــﻪرﻣــــــــﺎ‡ن‬L the month of Virgo
(August 23–September 22)
khars ‫ــــــــــﻪرس‬L estimate, guess; ~ândin
‫ـﻪرﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L v.t. to estimate; ~-kirdin v.t.
to estimate
kharsak ‫ﻪرﺳﻪک‬L thick woolen carpet
khartala v‫ﻪرﺗﻪ‬L mustard
khasândin ‫ـﻪﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L khasen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ـﻪﺳ‬L v.t. to
emasculate; to prune
khasârat ‫ﻪﺳﺎرﻩت‬L loss
Khasraw Parwez ‫ـــــــﺰ‬¤‫ـــــــﻪﴎﻩو ﭘـــــــﻪرو‬L
Chosroës Parvez, Sassanian shah of
Iran
khasû ‫ــــــــﻪﺳــــــــﻮو‬L mother-in-law, son’s
wife’s mother
khat ‫ﻪت‬L line
khatana ‫ــــﻪﺗــــﻪﻧــــﻪ‬L circumcision; ~sûrân
‫ﻪﺗﻪﻧﻪﺳﻮوران‬L circumcision celebration
khatar ‫ﻪﺗﻪر‬L grave, serious
khaw ‫ـــــــــﻪو‬L sleep, dream; ~yân le kawt
they fell asleep; pres. stem of khaw-
tin; ~~î ‫ــــــــــﻪوی‬L‫ــــــــــﻪو‬L sleepy-head;
~anûchka ‫ﻪوﻩﻧﻮوﭼﮑﻪ‬L drowsiness
khawin ‫ــــــــــــــﻪون‬L dream; ~-dîtin v.t. to
dream
khawtin ‫ـــــﻦ‬Ž‫ـــــﻪو‬L khaw- ‫ـــــﻪو‬L v.i. to lie
down; to sleep: khawtûa he’s asleep
khayâł ‫ڵ‬p‫ ـﻪ‬L idea, thought; imagination;
ba ~ i …dâ hâtin to occur to the
mind of
khayâr ‫ر‬p‫ﻪ‬L cucumber
khazałwar ‫ـــﻮﻩر‬T‫ـــﻪزﻩ‬L the month of Scor-
pio (October 23–November 21)
khazâł ‫ﻪزاڵ‬L gazelle
khazâm ‫ﻪزام‬L = khazân
khazân ‫ﻪزان‬L autumn
khazena ‫ﻨﻪ‬l‫ﻪز‬L treasury
khazna ‫ـــــﻪﻧزـــــﻪ‬L treasury; pool in public
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
bath; ~dâr ‫ﻪزﻧﻪدار‬L treasurer
khazr ‫ﻪزر‬L anger
khazûr(a) ‫ــــــــﻪزوور‬L father-in-law, son’s
wife’s father
khâch ‫ﺎچ‬L cross
khâk ‫ﺎک‬L earth, dust; ~âwî dusty, dirty
khâkalewa ‫ــﻮﻩ‬²‫ــ˜ﮐــﻪﻟــ‬L Aries (March 21–
April 20)
khâł1 ‫ــﺎڵ‬L maternal uncle; ~o ‫ــﯚ‬T‫ــﺎ‬L uncle
(maternal)
khâł2 ‫ـــﺎڵ‬L spot, mole (on skin); tattoo; ~
u mîl ‫ــــﺎڵ و ﻣــــ;ــــﻞ‬L colors on neck and
breast of partridge, (meta.) beauty of
the beloved; ~-kutân v.t. to tattoo
khâm ‫ﺎم‬L raw
khâma ‫ﺎﻣﻪ‬L pencil, pen
khâmosh ‫ــﺎﻣــﯚش‬L quiet, peaceful; silent;
~-kirdin v.t. to extinguish; ~î quiet-
ness
khân1 ‫ﺎن‬L khan, chief; ~im ‫ﺎﱎ‬L lady
khân2 ‫ﺎن‬L inn; ~chî ‫ﯽ‬#‫ﺎ‬L innkeeper
khâna ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪ‬L house; ~khirâp ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﺮاپ‬L un-
lucky; ~khwe ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪﺧـﻮێ‬L host; ~qâ ‫ـﺎﻧـﻪﻗـﺎ‬L
khanaqah, dervish hostel; ~wâda
‫ﺎﻧﻪوادﻩ‬L family, wealthy family
khânulân ‫ــــــﺎﻧــــــﻮﻻن‬L family, home; be~
‫ ـﺎﻧ ـﻮﻻن‬Ø‫ ـ‬²‫ ﺑ ـ‬homeless; be~-kirdin v.t. to
render homeless; be~î ‫ـﺎﻧـﻮﻻﱏ‬ز‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬home-
lessness
khânû ‫ﺎﻧﻮو‬L house
khâpûr-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ـــﺎﭘـــﻮور‬L v.t. to ruin,
destroy
khâs ‫ﺎس‬L good
khâsatan ‫ﺎﺳﻪﺗﻪن‬L especially
khâshkhâsh ‫ﺎش‬Ø‫ﺎﺷ‬L poppy
khâtir ‫ـﺮ‬Ž‫ـﺎ‬L mind; ~ i ‫ـﺮی‬Ž‫ـﺎ‬L for the sake
of; ~jam ‫ـــﺮ•ـــﻪم‬Ž‫ـــﺎ‬L with mind at ease,
reassured; ~khwâ ‫ﺮﺧﻮا‬Ž‫ﺎ‬L in love
khâw ‫ـــﺎو‬L = khâm; = khaw; ~-bûnawa
v.i. to lose patience; ~ u khezân
‫ﺰان‬ŒL‫ﺎوو‬L all the members of a family
khâwa ‫ﺎوﻩ‬L toll
khâwan ‫ ـﺎوﻩن‬L owner, possessor; ~shiko
‫ﺸﮑﯚ‬ë‫ﺎوﻩ‬L lord, master
khâwar ‫ـﺎوﻩر‬L east, orient; ~ i dûr ‫ـﺎوﻩرى‬L
197
‫ دوور‬the Far East
khâwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ﺎو‬L clean, tidy
khâya ‫ـــﺎﯾـــﻪ‬L egg; testicle; ~ron ‫ـــﺎﯾـــﻪرۆن‬L
fried egg
khe ‰‫ ﺧ‬habit, custom
kher ‫ـــــﺮ‬Œ‫ـــــ‬L good; ba ~ well: ba ~ bît be
well; qsa i ~ kirdin bo to put in a
good word for: qsayèk i kherî bo
bikirdîtâya she could have put in a
good word for you
kherâ ‫ــــﺮا‬Œ‫ــــ‬L quick, soon, fast; ba ~î ‫ﺑــــﻪ‬
‫ﺮاﱙ‬ŒL quickly, rapidly
kherâtin-kirdin ‫ ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ـﺮا‬Œ‫ ـ‬L v.t. to wel-
come
khesa-kirdin la v ‫ ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ـﺴ ـﻪ‬Œ‫ ـ‬L v.t. to turn
away from
khew ‫ ﺧ´ﻮ‬owner, lord
khewand ‫ = ﺧ´ﻮﻩﻧﺪ‬khew
khewat ‫ ﺧـــــ´ـــــﻮﻩت‬tent; ~ hał-dân v.t. to
pitch a tent
khezân ‫ـــﺰان‬Œ‫ـــ‬L members of a family, de-
pendents; ~dâr ‫ـــــﺰاﻧـــــﺪار‬Œ‫ـــــ‬L man with
many mouths to feed
khida ‫ﺪﻩ‬L custom, manner
khil ‫ـــﻞ‬L rolling; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to roll
down: bardèkim khil kirdawa I rolled
a stone down; ~a~ ‫ـــــــﻞ‬Lƒ‫ـــــــ‬L rolling,
bouncing
khiłâfândin ‫ﻓﺎﻧﺪن‬ËL v.t. to trick, deceive
khilena ‫ﻨﻪ‬²‫ﻠ‬L molar (tooth)
khilîsk ‫ــــﻠــــ›ــــﺴــــﮏ‬L slippery, slimy; ~a
‫ﻠ›ﺴﮑـﻪ‬L
‫ ـ ـ ـ ـ‬slippery place; ~âne ê‫ﻠ›ﺴـﲀ‬L ‫ـــ‬
ice-skating; ~ân ‫ﻠ›ﺴـﲀن‬L ‫ ـــ‬/~în ‫ﻠ›ﺴﮑـﲔ‬L
‫ـــ ـ‬
v.i. to slip (on ice)
khinkân ‫ـــﲀن‬ž‫ ﺧـــ‬khinke- ‰‫ـــﮑـــ‬ž‫ ﺧـــ‬v.i. to
choke; to drown
khiř1 g‫ ﺧــــــــــــ‬round: top i zawî khiřa the
earth is round; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
gather: la chî khiř bûnawa what did
they gather for?; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to
shut tight, slam; ~ u khâłî ‫ـــﯽ‬T‫ـــﺎ‬L ‫ و‬g‫ﺧـــ‬
empty; ~ u khoł ‫ و ﺧﯚڵ‬g‫ ﺧ‬pretty
khiř2 g‫ ﺧ‬too big, too large
khirâ ‫ ﺧـــــﺮا‬displeasing; ~î-kirdin ba v.t.
to be angry with, displeased by: agar
 SORANI KURDISH
aw kârá nakan, khirâî’tân pe dakam
if you don’t do it, I’ll be angry with
you
khirân ‫ ﺧـــﺮان‬khire- ‫ ﺧـــﺮێ‬v.p. passive of
khistin; râ-~ to grow, sprout
khirâp ‫ ﺧــــــــﺮاپ‬bad, awful, wrong: ~ te-
gayshtûy you’ve misunderstood; ~
geřânawa la bâra i …dâ v.i. to
speak ill of; ~a ‫ ﺧ ـﺮاﭘ ـﻪ‬bad deed; ~akâr
‫ ﺧـــﺮاﭘـــﻪﰷر‬evil-doer, maleficent; ~akârî
‫ ﺧﺮاﭘﻪﰷری‬evil, maleficence
khiřka ‫ﮐﻪ‬g‫ ﺧ‬pebble; ~bard ‫ﮐﻪﺑﻪرد‬g‫ ﺧ‬ditto
khiroshân ‫ ﺧـﺮۆﺷـﺎن‬khiroshe- ‰‫ ﺧـﺮۆﺷـ‬v.i.
to be in turmoil, commotion
khirt ‫ ﺧـﺮت‬cylindrical; ~ u pirt ‫ـﺮت‬º‫ﺧـﺮتو‬
junk, worthless things; ~ak ‫ﺧــــــﺗﺮــــــﻪک‬
roller (for a chair, bed, &c.)
khish|ân ‫ ﺧــــﺸــــﺎن‬khishe- ‰‫ ﺧــــﺸــــ‬v.i. to
crawl; ~ândin ‫ﺧﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن‬ ‫ ـ‬khishen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ـﺧﺸ‬
v.t. to drag on the ground; ~în ‫ﺧـــﺸـــﲔ‬
v.i. to creep, crawl
khishił Ç‫ ﺧﺸ‬ornament
khishka u pishka ‫ﺸﮑـﻪ‬é ‫ﺧﺸﮑـﻪو ـ ـ‬
‫ ـ ـ‬creeping
and crawling
khisht ‫ ﺧـــــــﺸـــــــﺖ‬skewer; brick, slab of
baked clay
khishta ‫ــــﺘــﻪ‬8 ‫ ﺧــﺸ‬level; la ~ birdin v.t. to
level, ruin, destroy, (meta.) to have
illicit relations with, to corrupt
khistin ‫ ﺧـــﺴـــﱳ‬kha- ‫ـــﻪ‬L (v.t., impt. sing.
bikhara; pass. khirân) to throw, put;
~à … to throw into: pâdshâ awânî
khistà bandîkhâna the king threw
them into prison; ~awa to build,
make; ~à …awa to pour s.th. into …:
daykhamà kupałayèk i damtangawa
I’ll pour it into a jar with a narrow
neck; ~à sar to fulfill a wish, to help
someone accomplish a goal; dar-~ to
express; dâ-~ (1) to shut, close: dar-
gây dâkhist he shut the door; dalâ-
qaká’y la sar dâkhistinawa he shut
the trap door over them; (2) to spread:
bařakam dâkhist I spread out the rug;
(3) to pull down, lower: likadârakâ-
198
nim dâkhist I pulled down the tree
branches, la khajâłatî sarî dâkhist he
lowered his head in shame; (4) to
store, put up (food): âzûqam dâkhist I
put up provisions
khitûka ‫ـــــﻮوﮐـــــﻪ‬µ‫ ﺧـــــ‬tickle; ~-dân v.t. to
tickle
khizân ‫ ﺧـــــــﺰان‬khize- ‫ ﺧـــــــﺰێ‬v.i. to slip,
crawl; ~ la to draw near to; râ-~ to
sprout
khizm ‫ ﺧـﺰم‬family; ~âyatî ‫ ﺧـﺰﻣـﺎﯾـﻪﰏ‬family
relationship
khizmat ‫ ﺧ ـﺰﻣ ـﻪت‬service; ~kâr ‫ ـﲀر‬Ž‫ﺧ ـﺰﻣ ـﻪ‬
servant; ~-kirdin v.t. to serve;
gayshtin ba ~ i to meet, see
(honorific)
khîm ‫ ﺧﲓ‬foundation; race, origin
khîrat ‫ﲑﻩت‬L bravery, manly honor
khîzałân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ﲒﻩ‬L sand, sandy patch
kho ‫ ﺧـــــﯚ‬self (normally kho refers to the
subject of the verb of the clause in
which it occurs: kho’y kusht he killed
himself; with a pron. encl. it also
functions as a stressed pronoun: kâb-
râ kuřaká’y kusht u amjâr hařasha i
awa’y le kird ka kho’ysh’î bikuzhe the
man killed her son and then he threat-
ened to kill her too); la ~awa by one-
self; la ~’râ by oneself; ~-dâ-girtin
v.t. to lurk in ambush; ~-dâ-kutân v.t.
to take root; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to sacrifice
oneself, lay down one’s life; ~-girtin
v.t. to have patience, be stable; to be
success-ful; ~-keshânawa v.t. to
withdraw, secede; ~-khurândin v.t.
to scratch oneself; to participate in
charitable affairs; ~-khwârdinawa
v.t. to suffer in silence; ~m ‫ ﺧــــــﯚم‬my-
self; ~-pârâstin v.t. to defend oneself;
~t yourself; ~y him/herself
khobâî ‫ ﺧﯚ¶ﰃ‬pride, self-satisfaction
khokhor ‫ ﺧـــــﯚﺧـــــﯚر‬xenophile, enemy to
one’s one people: kurd’îsh chi kurd
a? mîłat i khokhora pekawa / bo gyân
u mâł i yektirî simkoł dakan la khoł
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
(Malâ Mârif) And what are the
Kurds? A self-destructive nation alto-
gether stomping their hooves in the
dust to get at each other’s lives and
property
khokird ‫ﺮد‬B‫ ﺧﯚ‬natural, not artificial
khoł ‫ ﺧـــــــــــﯚڵ‬dust; ~ i mirdû ba sar’dâ
kirân to be in mourning: khałkakáy
dałey khoł i mirdû’yân ba sar’dâ
kirâwa you’d think the people were in
mourning; ~akawa ashes; ~amesh
‫ﺶ‬Œ‫ﻪﻣ‬T‫ ﺧﯚ‬ashes; ~ameshî ‫ﺸﯽ‬Œ‫ﻪﻣ‬T‫ ﺧﻮ‬gray
khomâłî ‫ـﯽ‬T‫ ﺧـﯚﻣـﺎ‬domestic, personal, own:
zimân i ~ mother tongue
khoparist ‫ ﺧﯚﭘﻪرﺳﺖ‬selfish
khopasind ‫ﻨــﺪ‬8‫ ﺧـﯚﭘـﻪﺳـ‬self-satisfied, egotis-
tical
khopârezî ‫ﺰی‬¤‫ ﺧﯚﭘﺎر‬self-defense
khor ‫ ﺧـــﯚر‬sun; ~ałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ ﺧـــﯚرﻩ‬east, sun-
rise; ~atâw ‫و‬c‫ ﺧــــﯚرﻩ‬sun; ~âwâ ‫ﺧــــﯚراوا‬
west, sunset; ~hałât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ ﺧـــــﯚرﻫـــــﻪ‬east;
~nishîn ‫ـــﺸـــﲔ‬ë‫ ﺧـــﯚر‬west(ern); ~wazân
‫ ﺧﯚروﻩزان‬east
-khor ‫ ﺧـــــــﯚر‬suffix meaning eating, con-
suming
khoř ‫ ﺧﯚڕ‬blood; fast flowing of water
khorâî ‫ ﺧﯚراﰃ‬free, gratis
khořâî ‫ ﺧﯚڕاﰃ‬dictator
khorâk ‫ ﺧﯚراک‬food
khořang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﺧﯚڕﻩ‬natural color, colorfast
khořâ ‫ ﺧﯚڕا‬stubborn, intractable
khorist ‫ ﺧﯚرﺳﺖ‬wild, uncultivated
khort ‫ ﺧﯚرت‬young, youth
khosh ‫ﺧــﯚش‬, khwash ‫ ﺧــﻮﻩش‬good, well;
~ râ-bwârdin v.t. to have a good
time, enjoy: l’ awe khoshmân râ-
bwârd we had a good time there; ~-
bûn ba to be happy with, pleased by:
pem khosh bû hâtî I’m glad you
came; ~-kirdin v.t. to be nice: hawâ
khoshî kird the weather turned nice;
to fan a flame; to make ready, to im-
prove; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to make up,
make peace; ~-wîstin v.t. to love, to
like: înglîsîakân khoshyân nawîstûa
199
the British didn’t like him; na~ ‫ﻧـﻪﺧـﯚش‬
ill, sick
khosha ‫ ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ‬ear of grain; ~chîn ‫ﺧــﯚﺷــﻪ‬
‫ ¸ﲔ‬gleaner
khoshajân ‫ ﺧﯚﺷﻪ•ﺎن‬cheers, bon appetit
khoshawîst ‫ ﺧـﯚﺷـﻪو ـ§ﺴـﺖ‬beloved, dear; ~î
love
khoshâw ‫ ﺧـــــﯚﺷـــــﺎو‬dried fruit soaked in
water
khoshbîn ‫ﺒﲔ‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬optimistic
khoshchezha ‫ـﮋﻩ‬ŒÂ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ﺧـﯚ ـ ـ‬good-tasting, de-
licious
khoshdamâkh ‫ ﺧــــﯚﺷــــﺪﻩﻣــــﺎخ‬happy, in a
good mood
khoshḥâl ‫ ﺧﯚﴮﺎل‬happy, pleased
khoshî ‫ ﺧـــﯚﳽ‬pleasure, fun; la ~ân’dâ v
‫ﻴﺎﻧﺪا‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬in joy and happiness
khoshken ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑـ‬humble; ~î ‫ﺧـﯚﺷـﮑـ´ـﲎ‬
humility
khoshkhâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬Ø‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬tannery
khoshkok ‫ ﺧﯚﺷﮑﯚک‬pretty
khoshlîbâs ‫ﺷﻠﻴﺒـﺎس‬ ‫ ﺧـﯚ ـ ـ ـ‬well-dressed, dan-
dy
khoshmaza ‫ ﺧﯚﴰﻪزﻩ‬delicious
khoshnâw ‫ﻨﺎو‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬renowned
khoshnûs ‫ــــــﻨـــﻮوس‬ 8 ‫ ﺧـــﯚﺷ‬calligrapher; ~î
‫ﻨﻮوﳻ‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬calligraphy
khoshposh ‫ﭙﯚش‬8‫ ﺧﯚﺷ‬well-dressed
khotâsh ‫ش‬c‫ ﺧﯚ‬electric razor
khoy ‫ ﺧﯚی‬sweat, dew
khozga ‫ ﺧـــــــﯚزﮔـــــــﻪ‬would that (+ irrealis
mood): khozga ahâtî would that you
had come; ~-birdin v.t. to wish; ~-
khwârdin v.t. to wish
khudâ ‫ ﺧﻮدا‬God; ~î divine, God-given
khul ‫ ﺧــــﻮل‬turn, revolution; ~-dân v.t. to
revolve; ~-khwardin v.t. to revolve,
spin (int.); ~ân ‫ ﺧ ـﻮﻻن‬khule- ‰‫ ﺧ ـﻮﻟ ـ‬v.i.
to spin, turn
khulyâ ‫ ﺧﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬wish, desire, daydream
khuncha ‫ﻪ‬#‫ ﺧﻮ‬bud
khuř ‫ ﺧـﻮڕ‬sudden rush of water, in flood;
khwen u ~ ‫ﻦوﺧﻮڕ‬¤‫ ﺧﻮ‬hemorrhage
khurân1 ‫ ﺧــﻮران‬khure- ‫ ﺧــﻮرێ‬v.i. to itch;
~din ‫ ﺧـــﻮراﻧـــﺪن‬khuren- ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ ﺧـــﻮر‬v.t. to
 SORANI KURDISH
scratch
khurân2 ‫ ﺧـﯚران‬khure- ‫ ﺧـﻮرێ‬v.p. passive
of khwârdin
khurd ‫ ﺧــــﻮرد‬food; small, tiny; ~a ‫ﺧــــﻮردﻩ‬
small change; ~agîr ‫ ﺧـــﻮردﻩﮔـــﲑ‬carper,
caviler
khurî ‫ ﺧﻮری‬wool
khuřîn ‫ــــﻦ‬a‫ ﺧــــﻮڕ‬v.t. to yell, shout, neigh,
whinny; te-~ to yell at, shout at
khurj ‫ ﺧﻮرج‬saddlebag
khurmâ ‫ ﺧﻮرﻣﺎ‬date
khurosh ‫ ﺧـــــــــــــــﻮرۆش‬scream, yell; ~ân
‫ ﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــﺎن‬khuroshe- ‰‫ ﺧـــﻮرۆﺷـــ‬v.i. to
scream, to yell
khurt ‫ ﺧﻮرت‬powerful, strong
khurûka ‫ ﺧﻮرووﮐﻪ‬pox, pockmark
khusa ‫ ﺧﻮﺳﻪ‬sorrow
khut-u-khořâî ‫ ﺧـــﻮﺗـــﻮﺧـــﯚڕاﰃ‬for no good
reason, for no reason at all
khuyâ-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B p‫ ﺧــــــﻮ‬v.t. to show,
make obvious
khû ‫ ﺧ ـﻮو‬custom; ~-girtin v.t. to become
accustomed
khûg ‫ ﺧﻮوگ‬pig
khûsân ‫ ﺧـــﻮوﺳـــﺎن‬v.i. to get soft in water;
~din ‫ ﺧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬khûsen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺧـﻮو ـ‬v.t. to
soften in water
khûzh ‫ ﺧﻮوژ‬hunchbacked
khwar ‫ ﺧﻮﻩر‬sun
khwash ‫ = ﺧﻮﻩش‬khosh
khwayshk ‫ ﺧﻮﻩ§ﺸﮏ‬sister
khwâ1 ‫ ﺧـــــــﻮا‬God: khwâ yek a u nâbe ba
dû God is one and is not two (an oath,
“by God almighty”); ~bakhshîw the
late (for a deceased person); ~ḥâfîz
‫ ﺧــﻮا„ــﺎﻓــﲒ‬good-bye; ~ḥâfîzî kirdin la
v.t. to say good-bye to; ~leykhoshbû
‫ﺒـﻮو‬8‫ﺷ‬
‫ﯽ ﺧـﯚ ــ‬Š‫ـ‬²‫ ﺧـﻮا ـﻟ‬the late; ~parist ‫ﺧـﻮاﭘـﻪ‬
‫ رﺳﺖ‬God-fearing
khwâ2 ‫ ﺧـﻮا‬whether: ~ bitawe yân natawe
whether you want to or not
khwâkhwâ ‫ ﺧـــﻮاﺧـــﻮا‬eager, impatient; ~ i
impatient for
khwân ‫ ﺧﻮان‬dining table
khwâr ‫ ﺧــــﻮار‬down; ~è ‫ ﺧــــﻮارێ‬down; ~û
200
‫ ﺧـــــــــــــــﻮاروو‬south; hâtinà ~e to come
down, get down; khistinà ~awa v.t.
to throw down
khwârdin ‫ ﺧـــــﻮاردن‬kho- ‫( ﺧـــــﯚ‬v.t., pass.
khurân) to eat; ~awa to drink
khwâs ‫ ﺧﻮاس‬bare (foot, head)
khwâst ‫ ﺧــﻮاﺳــﺖ‬request; ~-kirdin v.t. to
request
khwâstin ‫ ﺧــــﻮاﺳــــﱳ‬khwâz- ‫ ﺧــــﻮاز‬v.t. to
want, desire
khwâzbenî ‫ــﲎ‬Œ‫ ﺧـﻮازﺑ‬proposal of marriage,
engagement ceremony; ~ i X kirdin
la Y v.t. to ask Y for X’s hand in mar-
riage: khwâzbenî i kichá la âshawân
dakâ he asks the miller for the girl’s
hand in marriage; ~kar ‫;ﮑـﻪر‬À²‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ﺧـﻮازــــ‬suit-
or
khwâztin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ = ﺧﻮاز‬khwâstin
khwe1 ‫ ﺧـــﻮێ‬owner: khâna~ ‫ـــﺎﻧـــﻪﺧـــﻮێ‬L
householder, home-owner, host;
khwena~ ‫ﻨـﻪﺧـﻮێ‬l‫ ﺧـﻮا ـ‬avenger, seeking
retaliation
khwe2 ‫ ﺧﻮێ‬salt
khwen ‫ ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﺧ ـﻮ‬blood; ~akhwe ‫ ـﻨ ـﻪﺧ ـﻮێ‬l‫ﺧ ـﻮ‬
avenger; ~bast ‫ـــﻪﺳـــﺖ‬m‫ـــ‬À‫ـــ‬l‫ﺧـــﻮ‬, ~dâku-
zhândin ‫ــــﻮژاﻧــــﺪن‬Bä‫ــــﻨــــﺪ‬l‫ ﺧــــﻮ‬cease-fire;
~garm ‫ـــﻨـــﮕـــﻪرم‬l‫ ﺧـــﻮ‬hot-blooded; ~gir
‫ـﻨـﮕـﺮ‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬immediate member of a mur-
dered man’s family; ~jimmân
‫ﻨﺠﻤـﲈن‬l
‫ ﺧـﻮ ــ ـ‬blood pressure; ~kar ‫ﻨﮑـﻪر‬l‫ﺧـﻮ ــ‬
murderer; ~khwâ ‫ﻨﺨـﻮا‬l ‫ ﺧـﻮ ــ‬bloodthirsty;
~khwâr ‫ﻨﺨـﻮار‬l ‫ ﺧـﻮ ــ‬mortal enemy; ~rizh
‫ــــﲊژ‬l‫ ﺧــــﻮ‬bloodshedder, murderer; ~tâł
‫ﺎڵ‬µÀl‫ ﺧﻮ‬dull, sluggish
khwen|din ‫ ـﻨ ـﺪن‬l‫ ﺧ ـﻮ‬khwen- ‫ ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﺧ ـﻮ‬v.t. to
call; to read; ~dawâr ‫ﻨــﺪﻩوار‬l‫ ﺧـﻮ‬literate;
na~dawâr ‫ــﻨــﺪﻩوار‬l‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﻮ‬illiterate; ~ar
‫ﻨﻪر‬l‫ ﺧﻮ‬reader
khweřâî ‫اﰃ‬g¤‫ ﺧﻮ‬free, at no cost
khwishk ‫ ﺧـــﻮﺷـــﮏ‬sister; ~azâ ‫ﺧـــﻮﺷـــﮑـــﻪزا‬
nephew, niece; ~âyatî ‫ ﺧــﻮﺷــﲀﯾــﻪﰏ‬sis-
terhood
kich ‫ ﮐﭻ‬girl, daughter
kifn ‫ﮐﻔـﻦ‬ ‫ ـ‬winding sheet, shroud; ~ u difn
kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﮐـﻔـﻦودﻓـﻦ‬v.t. to shroud and
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
bury
kiłâw ‫و‬Ë‫ ﮐـ‬hat: ~yân chû sare “they were
fooled”; ~řozhina ‫وڕۆژـــﻪ‬Ë
‫ﻧ‬ ‫ ﮐـــ‬window,
skylight
kiłesha ‫ــﺸــ ﻪ‬Œ‫ــ‬k‫ ﮐــ‬corpse; bin ~ i … chûn
v.i. to deceive, dupe
kilîl ‫ﳇﻴﻞ‬, kiłeł Dzk‫ ﮐ‬key
kilk ‫ ﳇﮏ‬finger; tail; pen
kiło ‫ ـ ﯚ‬k‫ ﮐ ـ‬lump, clod, clump; ~ qand ‫ ـ ﯚ‬k‫ﮐ ـ‬
‫ ﻗ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪ‬lump of sugar, ~ gił Ç‫ ـﯚ ﮔ ـ‬k‫ ﮐ ـ‬mud
clod
kiloj ‫ ﳇــــــﯚج‬manner, way: ba hîch ~èk in
no way whatsoever
kiłoł ‫ﯚڵ‬k‫ ﮐ‬wretched
kilor ‫ ﳇﯚر‬hollow
kimîsar ‫ ﳈ›ﺴﻪر‬commissioner
kin ‫ﻦ‬B side, by the side of
kip ‫ ﮐــــﭗ‬deaf; silent; ~ u kař ‫ﮐــــﭗوﮐــــﻪڕ‬
deaf: gwem kip u kara my ear’s deaf;
~-kirdin v.t. to silence, shut up: kip-
mân kirdin we shut them up
kirân ‫ـــﺮان‬B kire- ‫ـــﺮێ‬B v.p. passive of kir-
din; ~awa to be opened: bakhtî kirâ-
watawa he has had a stroke of luck
kirâs ‫ﺮاس‬B shirt
kirch ‫ﺮچ‬B upripe, immature
kirda ‫ﺮدﻩ‬B act
kirdawa ‫ﺮدﻩوﻩ‬B behavior, act, deed
kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ka- ‫( ﮐـﻪ‬v.t., passive kirân) to
do (for -kirdin compounds, see first
element); ~à …awa to put s.th. in/on:
daykamà dawrîyèk i pânawa I’ll put it
on a flat plate; ~awa to open; ~ ba
…dâ to pick up, take away; ~ da to
set on, put to: râwchî tânjî’yân te kird
u kushtyân the hunters set their dogs
on it, and they killed it; hał-~ to pass
one’s life; to roll up (sleeves, pant
legs); to light (fire); hał-~awa to at-
tack
kire ‫ﺮێ‬B wage
kiřewa ‫ﻮﻩ‬lg‫ ﮐ‬blizzard
kirekâr ‫ﲀر‬¤‫ﺮ‬B laborer, worker
kiřîn ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ = ﮐ‬křîn
kirm ‫ـﺮم‬B worm; ~oł ‫ـﺮﻣـﯚڵ‬B wormy, worm-
201
ridden
kish|ân ‫ ـ'ﺸـﺎن‬kishe- ‰‫ ـ'ﺸـ‬v.i. to crawl up;
to pass quickly; ~ân-awa ‫ 'ـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬to
draw back, go backwards, stretch:
wak lâstîk la bar yek dakishetawa it
stretches like rubber; râ-~ân to
stretch out, crawl; ~ândin ‫'ــــﺸــــﺎﻧــــﺪن‬
kishen- ‫ــــــﻦ‬Œ‫ 'ــــــﺸــــــ‬v.t. to drag on the
ground; to stretch; to weigh; ~ândin-
awa ‫ 'ﺸﺎﻧﺪﻧﻪوﻩ‬to pull back; to reweigh
kishtukâł ‫ﺘﻮﰷڵ‬8‫ 'ﺸ‬agriculture
kiz ‫ ﮐــــــﺰ‬limp, thin, light; despondent; ~î
despondency
kizabâ ¶‫ ﮐﺰﻩ‬cold dry wind
kizoła-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﺰۆ‬v.t. to cringe
kîlo ‫ﻴﻠﯚ‬B kilogram
kîzhoła ‫ﻪ‬T‫ۆ‬Ã‫ ﮐ‬young girl
ko ‫ ﮐـﯚ‬collection, assembly; ~-bûnawa la
v.i. to assemble, gather around s.o.;
~(wa)-kirdin v.t. to gather, collect;
~bûnawa (n.) meeting, assembly
koch ‫ ﮐـــــــــﯚچ‬decampment, migration; ~-
kirdin v.t. to leave, depart, decamp; ~
i dwâî kirdin v.t. to pass away, die;
~ar ‫ ﮐـﯚ¸ـﻪر‬migrant, migratory; ~î ‫ﮐـﯚﭼـﻰ‬
(year) of the Hegira
kod ‫ ﮐﯚد‬wooden milk bowl; concave
koł ‫ ﮐـــــﯚڵ‬back of the neck, middle of the
shoulders; burden, load; ~-dânawa
v.t. to lay down a burden, to give up;
ba ~’dâ dân v.t. to sling something
over one’s shoulder: kalupalakáy ko
kirdawa u ba kolî’dâ dâ u wa re kawt
he gathered his things, slung them
over his shoulder, and went on his
way; la ~ kawtin v.i. to disappear; la
~ kirdin v.t. to throw over the shoul-
der; ~kesh ‫ـــﺶ‬Œ‫ـــﮑـــ‬T‫ ﮐـــﯚ‬porter; ~wâna
‫ﻮاﻧﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﯚ‬sack, back-pack
kołaka ‫ﻪﮐﻪ‬T‫ ﮐﯚ‬column
kołân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ ﮐﯚ‬lane
kołîn ‫ــــﲔ‬T‫ ﮐــــﯚ‬koł- ‫ ﮐــــﯚڵ‬v.i. to boil; ~awa
‫ﻴﻨـــﻪوﻩ‬T‫ ﮐـﯚ‬v.t. to investigate, research; le-
~awa ‫ـﮑـﯚﻟـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﻟـ‬to assemble; le~awa
‫ﻴﻨﻪوﻩ‬T‫ﮑﯚ‬²‫ ﻟ‬assembly, council
 SORANI KURDISH
kołka ‫ﮑـﻪ‬T‫ ﮐـﯚـ‬imperfect, pseudo- (precedes
word it modifies): ~malâ pseudo-
mulla, ~shekh pseudo-sheykh, ~pyâw
half-baked guy
komał ‫ ﮐـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪڵ‬society, organization;
~âyatî ‫ﯾــﻪﰏ‬Ÿ‫ ﮐــﯚﻣــﻪ‬societal, social; ~ga
‫ﮕﻪ‬T‫ﮐﯚﻣﻪ‬, ~gâ ‫ﮕﺎ‬T‫ ﮐﯚﻣﻪ‬society
komâr ‫ ﮐﯚﻣﺎر‬tribe, nation, republic
kon1 ‫ ﮐـﯚن‬old; ~asâł ‫ ﮐـﯚﻧـﻪﺳـﺎڵ‬aged, old in
years
kon2 ‫ ﮐﯚن‬tent
kor ‫ ﮐ ـﯚر‬blind; ~awar ‫ ﮐ ـﯚرﻩوﻩر‬miserable;
~î ‫ ﮐﯚری‬misery
koř ‫ ﮐــــﯚڕ‬gathering place, meeting place;
society; group, delegation: ~èk i am-
rîkâî châwpekawtinèkyân lagał aw
ḥâkimá bûwa an American delegation
has had an interview with that ruler;
~-bastin v.t. to meet, hold a meeting
korpa ‫ ﮐﯚرﭘﻪ‬newborn
kosh ‫ ﮐﯚش‬lap; bar~ ‫ ﺑﻪرﮐﯚش‬apron
koshish ‫ ﮐﯚﺷﺶ‬attempt, endeavor
koshîn ‫ ﮐـﯚﺷـﲔ‬kosh- ‫ ﮐـﯚش‬v.i. to strive; te-
~ to attempt, strive
koshk ‫ ﮐﯚﺷﮏ‬kiosk, pavilion; palace
kosp ‫ ﮐـــــﯚﺳـــــﭗ‬hill, difficulty: ba be ~ u
kand leaving no stone unturned
kot u zinjîr ‫ ﮐــــــﯚت و زﳒــــــﲑ‬shackles and
fetters
kotara ‫ ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩ‬tree trunk; ~dâr ‫ﮐــﯚﺗــﻪرﻩدار‬
tree trunk
kotâî ‫ﰃ‬c‫ ﮐـــﯚ‬end; ~-henân ba v.t. to con-
clude, put an end to
kotik ‫ﮏ‬Ž‫ ﮐﯚ‬a wooden bowl
kotir ‫ﺮ‬Ž‫ ﮐﯚ‬dove
kowa-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ = ﮐﯚوﻩ‬ko-kirdin
krân ‫ﺮان‬B kre- ‫ﺮێ‬B = kirân
krândin ‫ـﺮاﻧـﺪن‬B kren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﺮ‬B v.t. to scratch;
hał-~ to scratch
křîn ‫ﻦ‬ag‫ ﮐ‬kř- g‫ ﮐ‬v.t. to buy
kroshtin ‫ـﺮۆﺷـﱳ‬B krozh- ‫ـﺮۆژ‬B v.t.; dâ-~ to
crunch with the teeth
ktâw ‫ ﮐﺘــﺎو‬book; ~î ‫ ﮐﺘــﺎوی‬student; ~khâna
‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﮐﺘﺎو‬library
ktew ‫ﻮ‬²‫ = ﮐﺘ‬ktâw
202
kufr ‫ﻮﻓﺮ‬B ingratitude; curse
kul ‫ﻮل‬B eye, sight
kuł1 ‫ـــــــــــــﻮڵ‬B boiling, raging grief, over-
whelming sorrow; hâtinà ~ to come
to a boil; ~ u ko raging, boiling:
kułuko dâmird it went up in flames;
~ân ‫ن‬Ÿ‫ـﻮ‬B kułe- ‰‫ـ‬T‫ـﻮ‬B v.i. to boil; ~ândin
‫ﻧﺪن‬Ÿ‫ﻮ‬B kułen- ‫ﻦ‬ŒT‫ﻮ‬B v.t. to boil
kuł2 ‫ ﮐﯚڵ‬short
kun ‫ـــــــــــــﻮن‬B hole, lair, nest; ~-kirdin to
make a hole, to pierce; ~â ‡‫ــــــــﻮ‬B hole;
~âmurî ‫ﻮ‡ﻣﻮری‬B anthill
kundabu ‫ﻮﻧﺪﻩﺑﻮ‬B owl
kunna ‫ﻮﻧﻨﻪ‬B water sack
kupała ‫ﻪ‬T‫ﻮﭘﻪ‬B jar, jug
kuř ‫ﻮڕ‬B boy, son
kurd ‫ــــــﻮرد‬B Kurd; ~awârî ‫ــــــﻮردﻩواری‬B the
Kurds; ~âyatî ‫ــــﻮرداﯾــــﻪﰏ‬B Kurdishness;
~istân ‫ــــﺘــﺎن‬8 ‫ــﻮردﺳ‬B Kurdistan; ~î ‫ــﻮردی‬B
Kurdish; ~sât ‫ـــــﻮردﺳـــــﺎت‬B Kurdsat, the
Kurdish satellite broadcast network
kurkakurke ‰‫ﻮرﮐ‬B‫ﻮرﮐﻪ‬B palpitating
kurt ‫ـــﻮرت‬B short; ba ~î ‫ـــﻮرﰏ‬B ‫ ﺑـــﻪ‬in short;
pâsh ~a wichânèk ‫ــﻚ‬²‫ﻮرــﻪ و¸ــﺎﻧــ‬ ‫ــ ﺗ‬B ‫ﭘــﺎش‬
after a short pause
kurûshka-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ـــﻮرووﺷـــﮑـــﻪ‬B v.t. to
curl up
kushtin ‫ﻮﺷﱳ‬B kuzh- ‫ﻮژ‬B v.t. to kill
kut ‫ـــﻮت‬B piece; ~-kirdin v.t. to chop into
pieces; ~ u mit chûn la ‫ـﻮتوﻣـﺖ ﭼـﻮون‬B
v v.i. to look exactly like; ~ u piř ‫ـــﻮت‬B
gº‫ و‬sudden(ly)
kutak ‫ــــﻮﺗــــﻪک‬B strike, blow; ~ pyâ mâłîn
v.t. to strike: kutakèk’î pyâ mâłî he
struck him
kutân ‫ن‬c‫ ـﻮ‬B kute- ì‫ ـﻮ‬B v.t. to beat, strike;
dâ-~ to drive into the ground: aw
singá’m dâkutâ I drove that stake into
the ground; hał-~à sar to attack; te-~
to hit, strike, poke
kutik ‫ﮏ‬Ž‫ﻮ‬B = kutak
kuzh- ‫ﻮژ‬B see kishtin, kuzhân
kuzhân ‫ــﻮژان‬B kuzhe- ‫ــﻮژێ‬B v.i. to go out,
be extinguished; ~awa ‫ــــﻮژاﻧــــﻪوﻩ‬B to be
extinguished, be silenced
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
kuzhândin ‫ ـﻮژاﻧ ـﺪن‬B kuzhen- ‫ ـﻦ‬¤‫ ـﻮژ‬B v.t. to
extinguish; dâ-~ to extinguish, put
out
kûcha ‫ﻮو¸ﻪ‬B lane
kûp ‫ﻮوپ‬B vat; ~ala v‫ﻮوﭘﻪ‬B jar
kûř ‫ﻮوڕ‬B deep, steep
kûtâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ﻮو‬B goods, wares
kûzh- ‫ﻮوژ‬B = kuzh-
kwâ ‫ﻮا‬B where is…?
kwe ‫ﻮێ‬B where?: la ~ya? where is it?
kwen (1) ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B = ken, (2) = kwe
kwer ‫ـــﺮ‬¤‫ـــﻮ‬B blind; ~awar ‫ـــﺮﻩوﻩر‬¤‫ـــﻮ‬B mis-
erable; ~awarî ‫ـــــــﺮﻩوﻩری‬¤‫ـــــــﻮ‬B misery;
~asawâd ‫ـﺮﻩﺳـﻪواد‬¤‫ـﻮ‬B semi-literacy; ~âî
‫ﺮاﰃ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B blindness
kwestân ‫ﺘﺎن‬8‫ﺴ‬â‫ﻮ‬B mountainous region
la v (with encl. pronouns, le) in, at,
from; la …-awa from; la …-dâ in, at
labar ‫ﺑـــﻪر‬v for the sake of, because of; ~
awaî because, since, inasmuch as; ~
dast i …dâ in front of, in the pres-
ence of, with
labât i ‫¶ﰏ‬v instead of
lagał ‫ﮔـــــــﻪڵ‬v with; ~ awaî ka (conj.) de-
spite the fact that, in addition to the
fact that
lagham ‫™ﻪم‬v tunnel
laḥîmkrâw ‫ﺣ;ـﻤﮑﺮاو‬v soldered
laka ‫ﮐـــﻪ‬v spot, stain, blemish; ~dâr ‫ﮐـــﻪ‬v
‫ دار‬stained, spotted; ~-kirdin v.t. to
stain
lakhorâzî ‫ﺧﯚرازێ‬v self-satisfied
lamař ‫ﻣﻪڕ‬v = labar
lamaw ‫ﻣـــﻪو‬v: ~bar ‫ﻣـــﻪوﺑـــﻪر‬v previously;
~pâsh ‫ﻣﻪوﭘﺎش‬v henceforth, hereafter
lamezhîna ‫ﮋﯾﻨﻪ‬Œ‫ﻣ‬v see mezh
lampar ‫ﻪر‬Ü‫ﻣ‬v obstacle
Landan ‫ﻧﺪﻩن‬v London
langar ‫ـــﮕـــﻪر‬sv anchor; balance; ~-girtin
v.t. to balance oneself: chona l’ am
sar dîwâr a bârîká langarî girtûa?
how has he kept his balance atop this
narrow wall?
lanj ‫ﱋ‬v viciousness, spite; ~bâz ‫ﺑـــﻪﳒـــﺒـــﺎز‬
203
vicious, spiteful
lanja ‫ﳒـــــــﻪ‬v stately walk, grace; ~-u-lâr
stately, graceful walk
laq ‫ق‬v loose; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen,
shake loose; shwen ~-kirdin ba to
dislodge, displace: b’ aw hîwâyáî
shwen’yân pe laq nakâ in hopes that
he wouldn’t displace them
laqab ‫ﻗﻪب‬v title, nickname
laqam ‫ﻗﻪم‬v = laqab
laqândin ‫ﻗـﺎﻧـﺪن‬v laqen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ﻗ‬v v.t. to shake;
sar-~ to shake the head
laqlaq ‫ق‬ƒ‫ﻗ‬v stork
lař ‫ڕ‬v puny
larîn ‫ــﻦ‬a‫ر‬v lar- ‫ر‬v v.i. to shake; ~-awa to
tremble, quiver
larz|în v.i. ‫ـــــﻦ‬a‫رز‬v to shake, tremble; ~ok
‫رزۆک‬v trembling: ba dangèk i ~ pey
wit he said to him in a trembling
voice; zawî la zher pey’dâ dalarzî the
ground shook under his foot
lash ‫ش‬v body
lashkir ‫ﺷـــــﮑـــــﺮ‬v army; ~-keshân v.t. to
mobilize an army
lat ‫ت‬v piece, bit; ~-kirdin v.t. to cut
into pieces; ~-u-pat bûn to be
shattered into bits; ~-u-pat kirdin to
tear to pieces
lawařgâ ‫وﻩڕﮔﺎ‬v pasture
lawař|ândin ‫وﻩڕاﻧــــــــــــﺪن‬v v.t. to pasture,
graze; ~în ‫ﻦ‬a‫وﻩڕ‬v to pasture
lâ ‫ ﻻ‬side; ~ i ‫ ﻻی‬for, in the opinion of,
next to, near: lâ i ewâra bû it was
near evening; to: am râzá’y lâ dir-
kând he disclosed this secret to him; ~
i kam ‫ ﻻی ﮐــــــﻪم‬at least; ~-chûn v.i. to
get away, go aside: lâ cho! get out of
here!; ~-dân v.t. to shove, push aside;
to remove; to take up residence: la
pař i shârawa lâ’yân dâ khânèk they
took up residence in a house on the
edge of the city; to be a guest; to de-
viate; ~-dirân v.p. to be removed; ba
~ i …awa ‫هوﻩ‬... ‫ ﺑــﻪ ﻻی‬between; ~t wâ
nabe /‫ ﻻت وا ﻧﻪ‬don’t think that…
 SORANI KURDISH
lâf ‫ ﻻف‬boast; ~-dân v.t. to boast
lâfâw ‫ ﻻﻓﺎو‬flood
lâga ‫ ﻻﮔﻪ‬village; ~î villager
lâłân-awa ‫ﻧـــــﻪوﻩ‬Ÿ‫ ﻻ‬lâłe- ‰‫ ﻻﻟـــــ‬v.i. to beg,
beseech
lâmarkazî ‫ ﻻﻣﻪرﮐﻪزی‬decentralization
lân ‫ ﻻن‬extent; ~ i kam ‫ ﻻﱏ ﮐﻪم‬at least
lânawâz ‫ ﻻﻧﻪواز‬poor, helpless, lost
lânik ‫ﮏ‬s‫ ﻻ‬cradle
lâpařa ‫ ﻻﭘﻪڕﻩ‬page
lâq ‫ ﻻق‬leg
lâr ‫ ﻻر‬crooked; ~ u pâl kawtin ‫ﻻر و ﭘـــــﺎل‬
‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻛﻪو‬to fall in a heap
lâsâr ‫ ﻻﺳـﺎر‬disobedient; ~î ‫ ﻻﺳـﺎرى‬disobe-
dience
lâsha ‫ ﻻﺷﻪ‬corpse
lât ‫ ﻻت‬poor, wretched; punk; ~-u-lût
‫ ﻻتوﻟﻮوت‬ruffian, hooligan
lâtîr ‫ ﻻﺗ ـﲑ‬out of the corner of one’s eyes:
~ twâshây kirdim he looked at me out
of the corner of his eyes
lâw ‫ ﻻو‬youth, young man
lâwakî ‫ ﻻوﻩﰽ‬foreign
lâwâz ‫ ﻻواز‬skinny
lâwech ‫ﭻ‬l‫ ﻻو‬handful
lâyangir ‫ﮕﺮ‬s‫ ﻻﯾﻪ‬partisan
lâyaq ‫ ﻻﯾﻪق‬appropriate
lâzim ‫ ﻻزم‬necessary
le ‰‫ ﻟ‬see la
le: ~-dân ‫ــــــﺪان‬²‫ ﻟــــــ‬v.t. to hit, strike, play
(musical instrument); to up and…:
mâlâwâîy kird u leydâ u roysht he
said goodbye and upped and left; ~-
kirdin to separate, take away; ~-
kirdinawa to separate; pick (fruit); ~-
nân bo v.t. to fix (food) for: shorbâm
bo le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him
łe- ‰T pres. stem of witin
lefa ‫ﻔﻪ‬²‫ ﻟ‬quilt
lehâtû ‫ﻬﺎﺗﻮو‬²‫ ﻟ‬worthy, considerable
lek ‫ــﮏ‬²‫ ﻟــ‬apart, from one another; ~-bir-
rân v.p. to be separated; ~-bûn v.i. to
resemble each other; to be separated;
~-bûn-awa v.i. to break into pieces;
to end (hostilities); ~-dân v.t. to mix
204
together; ~-dânawa v.t. to interpret:
ba shûm bo khoyân lek dâyawa they
interpreted it as an ill omen; ~-hâtin
v.i. to go well together: makhmar u
konadawâr lek nadahât velvet and
old tent material would not go well
together; ~-nân to close, put together
the two parts of something: châwa-
kânim lek-nâ I closed my eyes, kteba-
ká’m lek nâ I shut the book; ~birrâw
‫او‬É‫ﮑ‬²‫ ﻟ‬separated
lekolar ‫ر‬v‫ﮑﯚ‬²‫ ﻟ‬assembler, collector
lekolînawa ‫ـﮑـﯚﻟـﻴـﻨـﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﻟـ‬assembly, collec-
tion; investigation
leł-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B Dz‫ ﻟ‬v.t. to sully, muddy
lepirsînawa ‫ـﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ـﺮﺳـ›ـ‬Î‫ـ‬²‫ ﻟـ‬interrogation, in-
vestigation; khistinà bar ~ v.t. to
interrogate
leqawmâw ‫ـــﻘـــﻪوﻣـــﺎو‬²‫ ﻟـــ‬grief-stricken (see
qawmân)
leř gŒ‫ ﻟ‬forest
leshâw ‫ﺸﺎو‬Œ‫ ﻟ‬downpour
lew ‫ﻮ‬²‫ ﻟ‬lip
lik ‫ـــﮏ‬¢ branch, limb; ~adâr ‫ـــﮑـــﻪدار‬¢ tree
branch
liq ‫ = ﻟﻖ‬lik
lirf(a) ‫ ﻟﺮف‬،‫ ﻟﺮﻓﻪ‬roar (of a flood, oven)
lînj ‫ ﻟﻴﻨﺞ‬cloying
lîra ‫ ﻟﲑﻩ‬lira, pound
lîta ‫ ﻟﻴﺘﻪ‬mud, mire
lîwân ‫ ﻟﻴﻮان‬drinking glass
lîzga ‫ ﻟﲒﮔﻪ‬beads strung on a string
lîzhna ‫ﻧﻪ‬Ã‫ ﻟ‬committee
loghat ‫ ﻟﯚ™ﻪت‬rumor
loghân ‫ ﻟﯚ™ﺎن‬celebration, rejoicing
loka ‫ ﻟﯚﮐﻪ‬cotton
lolo ‫ ﻟـــــﯚﻟـــــﯚ‬beginning of certain Kurdish
songs
lotî ‫ ﻟــــﯚﰏ‬a professional singer and enter-
tainer
lulu ‫ ﻟﻮﻟﻮ‬pearl
lûra ‫ ﻟـﻮورﻩ‬growl; ~lûr ‫ ﻟـﻮورﻩﻟـﻮور‬continual
growling
lûsh-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻟــــﻮوش‬v.t. to swallow,
gulp down
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
lût ‫ ﻟـــــﻮوت‬nose; ~ ba bar kho hâtinawa
to regret; ~ ba kho dâ hâtinawa to
be humiliated; ~-chûzânawa v.i. to
be disappointed; ~-girtin v.t. to hold
the nose; ~-hał-kirdin v.t. to get
angry; ~-shikân v.i. to be disap-
pointed, ashamed; ~-shikândin v.t. to
disappoint, to chastize; ~barz haugh-
ty, nose in the air; dast ba ~awa
girtin to hold one’s nose
má- ‫ ﻣـــــــــــﻪ‬neg. imperative prefix: máro
don’t go
mába ‫( ﻣـﻪﺑـﻪ‬neg. impt. sing. of bûn) don’t
be
mabas ‫ ﻣﻪﺑﻪس‬aim, goal
mabast ‫ = ﻣﻪﺑﻪﺳﺖ‬mabas
mabda’ ‫ﻣﻪﺑﺪﻩء‬principle
machak ‫ ﻣﻪ¸ﻪک‬arm
magar (1) ‫ ﻣـــﻪﮔـــﻪر‬introduces an affirma-
tive question to which a negative an-
swer is expected: magar dazânî? you
don’t know, do you?; (2) introduces a
negative question to which an affir-
mative answer is expected: magar
namgut? didn’t I say so?, (3) unless:
magar bimirim, danâ daykam unless I
die—otherwise I’ll do it
magaz ‫ ﻣﻪﮔﻪز‬fly
magîn ‫ = ﻣﻪﮔﲔ‬magar
Maḥmûd ‫ ﻣـﻪﲪـﻮود‬Mahmud, masc. proper
name
mak ‫ﻣـﻪک‬: shit-u-~ ‫ ﺷـﺖوﻣـﻪک‬tools, stuff,
paraphernalia
makân ‫ ﻣﻪﰷن‬place
makhmar ‫ ﻣﻪﲬﻪر‬velvet
mako ‫ ﻣـــﻪﮐـــﯚ‬a crowded place, gathering,
cluster
mal ‫ ﻣﻪل‬bird
mala v‫ ﻣــــــــــﻪ‬swimming; ~-kirdin v.t. to
swim; ~wân ‫وان‬v‫ ﻣﻪ‬swimmer
malâ ‫ﻣــــــﻪﻻ‬, małâ Ÿ‫ ﻣــــــﻪ‬mulla, religious
authority
malâbângdân ‫ﮕﺪان‬s¶‫ ﻣﻪﻻ‬dawn
małâmat ‫ﻣــــــﻪت‬Ÿ‫ ﻣــــــﻪ‬reason, cause; be~
205
without cause
małâs ‫س‬Ÿ‫ = ﻣﻪ‬miłâz
małband ‫ﺒﻪد‬T‫ ﻣﻪ‬area, region
malotik ‫ـﮏ‬Ž‫ ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ‬, malotka ‫ﮑـﻪ‬Ž‫ ﻣـﻪﻟـﯚ ـ‬babe in
swaddling clothes
mamik ‫ ﻣﻪﻣﮏ‬breast
mamlakat ‫ﮐﻪت‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻪﻣ‬country, realm
manjał ‫ ﻣﻪﳒﻪڵ‬pot
manzil ‫ﺰل‬s‫ ﻣﻪ‬stopping place, destination
maqâm ‫ ﻣﻪﻗﺎم‬station
mař ‫ ﻣﻪڕ‬sheep
marad ‫ ﻣﻪرﻩد‬state, condition
marâq ‫ ﻣــــﻪراق‬wishing, wondering; la ~ i
…dâ bûn v.i. to wonder about
march ‫ ﻣــــﻪرچ‬mashed, squashed; ~în ‫ﻣــــﻪ‬
‫ ر¸ـــــــــــــﲔ‬v.i. to be mashed, squashed;
~ândin ‫ ﻣﻪر¸ﺎﻧﺪن‬v.t. to mash, squash
marez ‫ ـﺰ‬¤‫ ﻣ ـﻪر‬sick, ill; ~khâna ‫ ـﺎﻧ ـﻪ‬L‫ ـﺰ‬¤‫ﻣ ـﻪر‬
infirmary
marg ‫ ﻣﻪرگ‬death
marḥûm ‫ ﻣﻪرﺣﻮوم‬the late
marj ‫ ﻣـﻪرج‬promise, condition; b’ aw ~áî
‫( ﺑـﻪو ﻣـﻪر•ـﻪی‬+ subj.) on condition that,
provided that
markaz ‫ ﻣﻪرﮐﻪز‬center
mařtaba ‫ ﻣﻪڕﺗﻪﺑﻪ‬time, instance; degree
masala v‫ ﻣﻪﺳﻪ‬affair, question, object
masâf ‫ ﻣﻪﺳﺎف‬battle
mashq ‫ ﻣ ـﻪﺷ ـﻖ‬exercise, drill; sar~ ‫ﺳ ـﻪرﻣ ـﻪ‬
‫ ﺷﻖ‬lesson
mashrût|a ‫ ﻣــــــﻪﴍووﺗــــــﻪ‬constitution; ~a-
khwâz ‫ ﻣـــﴩووﺗـــﻪﺧـــﻮاز‬constitutionalist;
~iyat ‫ ﻣـــﻪﴍووﺗـــﻴـــﻪت‬the Constitutional
Movement in Iran
mast ‫ ﻣــﻪﺳــﺖ‬drunk; ~î drunkenness, ine-
briation
matał ‫ ﻣ ـﻪﺗ ـﻪڵ‬riddle; ~-zândrân v.p. for a
riddle to be figured out
matâ-dân ‫ دان‬c‫ ﻣـــــــــــــــﻪ‬to crouch on the
ground in expectation, ambush
mawdâ (1) ‫ ﻣـﻪودا‬edge, tip (of sword); (2)
period (of time); (3) distance: gundèk
i dîka habû ka mawdây la mâl i najâr
zor bû there was another village, the
distance of which from the carpen-
 SORANI KURDISH
ter’s house was great; (4) opportunity,
chance: mawdâm niya biyânbînim I
won’t have a chance to see them; la ~
i through, by means of
mawzûn ‫ ﻣ ـﻪوزوون‬metrical, having poetic
meter
maydân ‫ ﻣﻪﯾﺪان‬field, arena
maynatî ‫ ﻣﻪﯾﻨﻪﰏ‬grief
maysar ‫ ﻣـﻪ ـ§ﺴـﻪر‬possible; ~-kirdin v.t. to
make possible, carry out
maytar ‫ ﻣﻪﯾﺘﻪر‬groom
mazât ‫ ﻣﻪزات‬auction, sale
mazin ‫ ﻣﻪزن‬great, huge
mazina ‫ = ﻣﻪزﻧﻪ‬mazinda
mazinda ‫ ﻣـﻪﻧزـﺪﻩ‬guess, estimate; ~-kirdin
ba v.t. to estimate at
mazrâ ‫ ﻣﻪزرا‬farm
mazrân ‫ ﻣـﻪزران‬mazre- ‫ ﻣـﻪزرێ‬v.i. to stay,
dwell, be established; dâ-~ to be set
up (tent), be established, be appointed
mazrândin ‫ ﻣـﻪزراﻧـﺪن‬mazren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻣـﻪزر‬v.t.:
dâ-~ ba to set up (tent), appoint as,
establish
mâch ‫ ﻣﺎچ‬kiss; ~-kirdin v.t. to kiss
mâdâm ‫ ﻣﺎدام‬as long as
mâfûr ‫ ﻣﺎﻓﻮور‬carpet
mâł ‫ ﻣــــﺎڵ‬house, home; ~akî ‫ــــﻪﰽ‬T‫ ﻣــــﺎ‬like
family, a member of the household;
~ât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ ﻣ ـﺎ‬possessions; ~lakoł ‫ ـﻪﮐ ـﯚڵ‬T‫ﻣ ـﺎ‬
nomadic, vagrant, wanderer; ~werânî
‫ـــــﺮاﱏ‬¤‫ـــــﻮ‬T‫ ﻣـــــﺎ‬destruction, devastation;
chûnà ~è v.i. to go home
mâłâwâ ‫وا‬Ÿ‫ ﻣــــﺎ‬goodbye; ~î-kirdin la v.t.
to say goodbye to
mâłîn ‫ ـﲔ‬T‫ ﻣ ـﺎ‬v.t. to strike, hit; to rub: ronî
pyâ bimâla rub some oil on it; to
sweep; dâ-~ to take off, throw off: jil
i pâshâî’y la bar khoy dâmâlî she
threw off her regal garb; râ-~ to
sweep away, drive off, repel; ~awa to
take everything away, to clear; to pol-
ish
mâm ‫ ﻣﺎم‬paternal uncle
mâmała ‫ــﻪ‬T‫ ﻣــﺎﻣــﻪ‬transaction, interaction;
~-kirdin lagał v.t. to interact with; to
206
negotiate with, bargain with
mâmir ‫ ﻣﺎﻣﺮ‬chicken
mâmo ‫ ﻣﺎﻣﯚ‬uncle (paternal)
mâmostâ ‫ﺘﺎ‬8‫ ﻣﺎﻣﯚﺳ‬teacher
mân ‫ ﻣــﺎن‬men- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣــ‬v.i. to remain; (neg.,
namân) to cease to exist, to be no
more; ~-awa v.i. to stay behind, be
left behind; dâ-~ to be flabbergasted,
perplexed; râ-~ to pause, to stop and
think
mânâ ‡‫ ﻣـــــــﺎ‬meaning, significance; ~dâr
‫ ﻣﺎ‡دار‬significant
mândû ‫ ﻣـــــــﺎﻧـــــــﺪوو‬tired; ~-bûn v.i. to be
tired; ~-kirdin v.t. to tire out: zorî
mândû kirdim it made me very tired;
~î ‫ ﻣــــــــﺎﻧــــــــﺪووﱙ‬tiredness, exhaustion;
~nabûn kirdin la v.t. to greet
someone who is working
mândwetî ‫ﱴ‬l‫ ﻣﺎﻧﺪو‬tiredness, exhaustion
mâng ‫ ـﮓ‬s‫ ﻣ ـﺎ‬moon, month; ~âna ‫ ـﮕ ـﺎﻧ ـﻪ‬s‫ﻣ ـﺎ‬
monthly salary; ~î ‫ــــﮕــــﯽ‬s‫ ﻣــــﺎ‬monthly,
lunar
mângâ ‫ﮕﺎ‬s‫ ﻣﺎ‬cow
mângir ‫ﮕﺮ‬s‫ ﻣﺎ‬obstinate
mâr ‫ ﻣﺎر‬snake
mâra ‫ ﻣـــــــﺎرﻩ‬marriage; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
give in marriage to: kichaká i khoy le
mâra kird he gave him his daughter in
marriage; ~î ‫ ﻣﺎرﻩﰃ‬wedding gift
mârakuł ‫ﻮڵ‬B‫ ﻣﺎرﻩ‬scorpion
mâshen ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣﺎﺷ‬autombile, car
mâsî ‫ ﻣـــﺎﳻ‬fish; ~-girtin v.t. to fish; ~gir
‫ﻴﮕﺮ‬8‫ ﻣﺎﺳ‬fisherman
mâst ‫ ﻣﺎﺳﺖ‬yoghurt
mâsûlka ‫ﮑﻪ‬¢‫ ﻣﺎﺳﻮو‬sinew
mât ‫ ﻣـــــــــــﺎت‬silent; stunned into silence;
grief-stricken; shorter than others: aw
bardânaî da regat girtûa yekyân ~a
one of those stones you have lined up
is shorter than the others; ~î stunned
silence; perplexity; sorrow; ~-kirdin
to checkmate; to stun into silence
mâtam ‫ ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪم‬bereavement; ~zada ‫ﻣـﺎﺗـﻪﻣـﺰﻩدﻩ‬
bereaved, grieving, mourning
mâwa ‫ ﻣــــﺎوﻩ‬period (of time): dwâ i ~yek,
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
pâsh ~yèk after a while; mâwayèk râ-
bwârd a period of time passed
mâyin ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﻣﺎ‬mare
me ‰‫ ﻣ‬female
megal ‫ ﻣـ´ـﮕـﻪل‬flock, herd; ~ a mař v‫ﻣـ´ـﮕـﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻪڕ‬flock of sheep
memil ‫ ﻣ´ﻤﻞ‬calamity, catastrophe
merd ‫ﺮد‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬man, husband
merg ‫ﺮگ‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬meadow
mesh ‫ ـﺶ‬Œ‫ ﻣ ـ‬fly, honeybee; ~ûla v‫ ـﺸ ـﻮو‬Œ‫ﻣ ـ‬
mosquito
meshik ‫ﺸﮏ‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬brain, mind; skull
meshûla v‫ﺸﻮو‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬mosquito
mewa ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮﻩ‬fruit; ~ron ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮﻩرۆن‬marma-
lade: wak mewaron labar dast i
dawlata khâwan zordârân-dâ bûn
they were like putty in the hands of
powerful nations
mewân ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮان‬guest; ~dâr ‫ ﻣــ´ــﻮاﻧــﺪار‬host;
~dârî-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻣ´ﻮاﻧﺪاری‬v.t. to host
mewizh ‫ ﻣ´ﻮژ‬raisins
mez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬table, desk
mezar ‫ﺰﻩر‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬turban
mezh ‫ـــــﮋ‬Œ‫ ﻣـــــ‬long time; la ~-a for a long
time, (+ neg. pres. perf.) it’s been a
long time since: la ~a namdîtûyta it’s
been a long time since I saw you, I
haven’t seen you for a long time;
la~îna ‫ﮋﯾﻨﻪ‬Œ‫ﻣ‬v ancient, very old
mezhû ‫ــﮋوو‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬history; ~nûs ‫ــﮋووﻧـﻮوس‬Œ‫ ﻣ‬his-
torian
midbaq ‫ ﻣﺪﺑﻪق‬kitchen
Miḥamad ‫ﳏـﻪﻣـﻪد‬, Miḥmid ‫ﶊـﺪ‬, Miḥimid
‫ ﶊﺪ‬Mohammed, masc. proper name
mijrî ‫ ﳎﺮی‬box, chest
mil ‫ ﻣـــــــﻞ‬neck; ~-nân la v.t. to head for;
~huř ‫ ﻣــــﻠــــﻬــــﻮڕ‬tough, bully; charlatan;
~kach ‫ﻣﻠﮑـﻪچ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬obedient, subservient; la
~ dân v.t. to behead
mił Ç‫ ﻣـــــ‬sniff; ~-kirdin v.t. to sniff; ~-u-
mo kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ و ﻣــــﯚ‬Ç‫ ﻣــــ‬v.t. to sniff
around looking for food
miłâz ‫ز‬Ë‫ ﻣــــــــــــــــ‬: kho ~-dânawa v.t. to
crouch on the ground in ambush: khoy
le miłâz dâwa he crouched on the
207
ground
millat ‫ت‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻠ‬nation
mimbârak ‫ ﳑــــــﺒــــــﺎرﻩک‬happy, felicitous,
blessed
min ‫ ﻣﻦ‬I, me
minatbâr i ‫ﻪﺗﺒﺎری‬ž‫ ﻣ‬grateful for
minâł ‫ـﺎڵ‬ž‫ ـﻣ‬child; ~âna ‫ ـﻧ ﻪ‬Ÿ‫ـﺎ‬ž‫ ـﻣ‬childish; ~î
‫ـﯽ‬T‫ــﺎ‬ž‫ ﻣ‬childhood; ~ochka ‫ـﯚ ـﭼﮑـﻪ‬T‫ــﺎ‬ž‫ ﻣ‬small
child, baby
minâra ‫ﺎرﻩ‬ž‫ ﻣ‬tower, minaret
mindâł ‫ﺪاڵ‬ž‫ = ﻣ‬minâl
minga ‫ﮕـﻪ‬ž‫ﻣ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬snort: mingayèkî lewa dahât
u wa dar dakawt he snorted and left
miqomqo ‫ ﻣـــﻘـــﯚﻣـــﻘـــﯚ‬yelling, screaming,
uproar
mir ‫ ﻣـــــــﺮ‬hen; ~âwî ‫ ﻣـــــــﺮاوی‬duck; ~îshk
‫ ﻣﺮ§ﺸﮏ‬chicken
miř g‫ ﻣــ‬satiated, sated: awanda’y khwâr-
dûa miř bûa he ate his fill
miř-u-misht ‫ و ﻣﺸﺖ‬g‫ ﻣ‬fight, quarrel
moch ‫ ﻣﯚچ‬frowning
mirândin ‫ ﻣـﺮاﻧـﺪن‬miren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻣـﺮ‬v.t. to cause
to die; kho- ~ to play dead
mirârî ‫ ﻣﺮاری‬pearl
mirchqândin ‫ ﻣـﺮﭼﻘــﺎﻧـﺪن‬mirchqen- ‫ـــﻦ‬ Œ‫ﻣـﺮﭼﻘ‬
v.t. to crumple
mirdâr ‫ ﻣﺮدار‬carrion
mirdin ‫ ﻣﺮدن‬mir- ‫ ﻣﺮ‬v.i. to die
mirdov ‫ ﻣﺮدۆڤ‬man
mirdû ‫ ﻣﺮدوو‬dead; ba ~î dead
mirîshk ‫ ﻣﺮ§ﺸﮏ‬chicken
mirkân ‫ ﻣــﺮﰷن‬v.i. to subside; dâ-~ to set-
tle down: bo chi nâmirkî why don’t
you settle down?; to die down (flame,
fire): âgir dâmirkâwa the fire has died
down; dâ-mirkândin mirken- v.t. to
quieten down
mirkh ‫ ﻣﺮخ‬passion, lust
mirov ‫ ﻣـﺮۆڤ‬man, person, one: ~èk i feu-
dâl u pûldâr bûwa he was a feudal
and wealthy man
mirwârî ‫ = ﻣﺮواری‬mirârî
misha ‫ ﻣﺸﻪ‬frequent
mishik ‫ ﻣﺸﮏ‬mouse
misogar ‫ ﻣـﺴـﯚﮔـﻪر‬insured; ~ kirdin to in-
 SORANI KURDISH
sure muflîs ‫ ﻣﻮﻓﻠ›ﺲ‬bankrupt, impoverished
mist ‫ ـﻣﺴـﺖ‬fist; palm (of the hand), hand- mu‘jîza ‫ ﻣــــﻮﲺــــﲒﻩ‬miracle; ~yek i pâsha-
ful; ~-washândin v.t. to box, hit, rozh a latter-day miracle
strike with the fist mukriyânî ‫ﱏ‬p‫ﺮ‬B‫ ﻣﻮ‬of the Mukri region
mitâłâ Ÿ‫ﺎ‬µ‫ ﻣ‬study, contemplation musulmân ‫ ﻣـﻮﺳـﻮﳌﺎن‬Muslim; ~î Muslim-
mitmâna ‫ﻧـﻪ‬0‫ ﻣـ‬safe, secure (ba) in, trust- ism, Islam
ing (ba) in mutaham ‫ ﻣﻮﺗﻪﻫﻪم‬accused
miza ‫ ﻣﺰﻩ‬wage; expense muwaqat ‫ ﻣـــــــﻮﻩﻗـــــــﻪت‬temporary, provi-
mizgawt ‫ ﻣﺰﮔﻪوت‬mosque sional: hikûmatèk i muwaqat i Kurdis-
mizgen ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣﺰﮔ‬good news tân a provisional government of
mizgit ‫ = ﻣﺰﮔﺖ‬mizgawt Kurdistan
mizh ‫ ﻣـــــــﮋ‬inhaling; ~-dân v.t. to inhale: mû ‫ ﻣﻮو‬hair; ~khor ‫ ﻣﻮوﺧﯚر‬depilatory
~èk i qûlî la jigarakáy dâ he took a mûch ‫ ﻣــﻮوچ‬wrist, ankle; ~awâna ‫ﻣــﻮو¸ــﻪ‬
deep drag on his cigarette ‫ واﻧﻪ‬bracelet
mizhda ‫ ﻣﮋدﻩ‬good news mûcha ‫ ﻣ ـﻮو¸ ـﻪ‬portion; wage; one-family
mizhî ‫ ﻣﮋی‬brain farm; ~khor ‫ ﻣـﻮو¸ـﻪﺧـﯚر‬salaried, wage-
mizhîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﻣﮋ‬mizh- ‫ ﻣﮋ‬v.t. to suck earner: kâkim ~ i dawlata my brother
mizmaḥîl ‫ ﻣﺰﻣﻪﺣ;ﻞ‬deprived, destitute is salaried by the government
mîch ‫ ﻣ;ﭻ‬roof mûchândin ‫ ﻣـﻮو¸ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬mûchen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ¸‫ ﻣـﻮو‬v.t.
mîdyâ p‫ ﻣ;ﺪ‬media to bend; dâ-~ to turn up (cuff, hem)
mîl ‫ ﻣ;ﻞ‬stripe (in cloth) mûnândin ‫ ﻣـﻮو‡ ـﻧ ﺪن‬mûnen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻣـﻮوـﻧ‬v.t. to
mîll|at ‫ت‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻠ‬nation; ~î ‫ﰏ‬ƒ‫ ﻣﻠ‬national spin (thread)
mînga ‫ﻣ;ﻨﮕـﻪ‬‫ ـــ‬nasality, talking through the
nose na ‫ ﻧﻪ‬no
mîrât ‫ ﻣﲑات‬legacy, heritage ná- ‫ ﻧﻪ‬negative subjunctive prefix
mîrî ‫ ﻣﲑی‬governmental nabaga ‫ ﻧﻪﺑﻪﮔﻪ‬weak, feeble
mîrûla v‫ ﻣﲑوو‬ant nabân ‫ ﻧـــــــﻪ¶ن‬animal that spurns its own
mîtr ‫ ﻣ;ﱰ‬meter young; not on speaking terms: kâkim
mîwân ‫ ﻣ;ﻮان‬guest lemân ~a, nâmândwene my brother’s
mokh ‫ ﻣـــﯚخ‬brain, marrow; ~-keshân v.t. not on speaking terms with us, he
to bother, annoy doesn’t speak to us; ~-kirdin v.t. to
molaq ‫ق‬v‫ ﻣـــــــــﯚ‬staring: châwî ba molaq spurn, to disown; to turn away from
wastâ he stood staring into space nabz ‫ ﻧﻪ–ﺰ‬pulse
mołat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ﻣﯚ‬respite naft ‫ ﻧﻪﻓﺖ‬oil, petroleum
mom ‫ ﻣﯚم‬candle nagbat ‫ ﻧﻪﮔﺒﻪت‬calamity; unlucky
moř ‫ ﻣــــــــﯚڕ‬frowning; hard stare; ~-bûn- nagrîs ‫ ﻧ ـﻪﮔ ـﺮ§ ـﺲ‬stubborn, badly behaved;
awa la to stare at mean, evil
mor ‫ ﻣــــــﻮر‬violet; virgin; seal; ant; ash; ~ naguta ‫ ﻧ ـﻪﮔ ـﻮﺗ ـﻪ‬unspoken: ~ la jwâbakám
kirdin to seal te gaysht he understood my unspoken
mora ‫ ﻣـــــــــﯚرﻩ‬crack in a mud wall; game answer
piece najîbzâda ‫ ﻧﻪﺟ;ﱫادﻩ‬aristocratic
mu ‫ ﻣﻮ‬sorrow, worry najâr ‫ ﻧﻪ•ﺎر‬carpenter; ~î carpentry
muchiřka ‫ﮐﻪ‬g‫ ﻣﻮﭼ‬shiver, shudder nak ‫ ﻧـــــﻪک‬and not: ~ pechawânakáy and
mufařik ‫ ﻣــــﻮﻓــــﻪڕک‬auspiciousness, good not vice-versa; dû jâr’it le birdawa,
omen nak se you’ve beat him twice, not
208
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
three times; ba râstî awaî tyâ chûa
minim, nak aw really the one who
was lost was I, not he
nakhosh ‫ ﻧـــــــﻪﺧـــــــﯚش‬ill, patient; kho ~-
khistin v.t. to pretend to be ill; ~î
‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﳽ‬illness; ~khâna ‫ــﺎﻧــﻪ‬Ø‫ﻧــﻪﺧــﯚﺷــ‬
hospital
nakhsh ‫ ﻧــﻪﺧــﺶ‬role: ~ i daraja dû yâ sey
haya it has a secondary or tertiary
role; piř ~ u nîgâr ‫ ﻧـــﻪﺧـــﺶو ﻧـــﻴـــﮕـــﺎر‬g‫ـــ‬º
beautiful
nakhsha ‫ﺧﺸـﻪ‬ ‫ ﻧـﻪ ـ‬map, plan; ~-dâ-nân v.t.
to lay a plan; ~-keshân v.t. to lay a
plot; ~-keshânawa v.t. to draw maps,
make plans
nakhshândin ‫ ﻧـــﻪﺧـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﺪن‬nakhshen- ‫ﻧـــﻪ‬
‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺧﺸ‬v.t. to draw
nakht ‫ ﻧـﻪﺧـﺖ‬bit; ~è(k) ‫ـــﮏ‬ ²µ‫ ﻧـﻪﺧ‬a bit, a lit-
tle, a while; ~-u-pukht ‫ﻧ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖو ﭘ ـﻮﺧ ـﺖ‬
completely: qsaká’y ~ la bardam’dâ
nâ he had his say completely
nakhwâzâ ‫ ﻧﻪﺧﻮازا‬especially
nakhwendawâr ‫ﻨﺪﻩوار‬l‫ ﻧﻪﺧﻮ‬illiterate
nalâmat ‫ ﻧﻪﻻﻣﻪت‬accursed
namâm ‫ ﻧﻪﻣﺎم‬sapling
namâm-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻧــــﻪﻣــــﺎم‬v.t. to have
someone walled up: khân kâwrâyèkî
namâm kird the khan had a man
walled up
namân ‫ → ﻧﻪﻣﺎن‬mân
nana ‫ ﻧﻪﻧﻪ‬grandmother
nanâsîwî ‫ـﻴـﻮی‬8‫ ﻧـﻪ‡ﺳـ‬disguise: la ~ in dis-
guise, in secret; kho la ~ dân la v.t.
to be secretly in favor of
naqândin ‫ ﻧـــﻪﻗـــﺎﻧـــﺪن‬naqen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧـــﻪﻗـــ‬v.t. to
choose, select
nařândin ‫ ﻧـﻪڕاﻧـﺪن‬nařen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧـﻪڕ‬v.t. to roar,
scream
nardîwân ‫ ﻧﻪردﯾﻮان‬ladder, staircase
nargiz ‫ ﻧﻪرﮔﺰ‬narcissus
narît ‫ ﻧﻪرﯾﺖ‬custom, manner
nastařin ‫ﻦ‬a‫ﺘﻪڕ‬8‫ ﻧﻪﺳ‬eglantine
natawa ‫ ﻧـﻪﺗـﻪوﻩ‬nation: ~ yekgirtûakân the
United Nations; ~î ‫ ﻧﻪﺗﻪوﻩﰃ‬national
natra ‫ـﺮﻩ‬Ž‫ ﺗـﻪ‬courage; ~-birdin v.t. to lose
209
courage; to trip, stumble
naw‘ ‫ ﻧﻪوع‬type, sort
nawa ‫ ﻧﻪوﻩ‬grandchild
nawanda ‫ ﻧﻪوﻩﻧﺪﻩ‬fall planting
nawân ‫ ﻧﻪوان‬naw- ‫ ﻧﻪو‬v.i. to bend over
nawândin ‫ ﻧـــﻪواﻧـــﺪن‬nawen- ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧـــﻪو‬v.t. to
lower; dâ-~ to lower, bring down
nawîn ‫ـــــــﻦ‬a‫ ﻧـــــــﻪو‬v.i. to cave in: bânakáy
nawîbû his roof had caved in
nawroz ‫ ﻧﻪورۆز‬the vernal equinox
nawsha ‫ ﻧﻪوﺷﻪ‬poetry; ~kâr ‫ ﻧﻪوﺷﻪﰷر‬poet
Nawshîrwân ‫ ﻧــــــﻪوﺷــــــﲑوان‬Anosharwan,
Sassanian shah of Iran
nazhâd ‫ ﻧﻪژاد‬race, lineage
nazîla ƒ‫ ﻧﻪزﯾ‬short story
nazm ‫ ﻧﻪزم‬poetry
nâ ‡ no, oh no
nââsâî ‫ ‡ﺋﺎﺳﺎﰃ‬unusual, unaccustomed
nâbâwařî ‫ ‡¶وﻩڕی‬disbelief
nâchâr ‫ ‡¸ـــﺎر‬helpless, there was nothing
he could do
nâdyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ‡د‬invisible, unseen
nâf ‫ ‡ف‬navel
nâguzûr ‫ ‡ﮔـــــــــــــﻮزوور‬destitute, poverty-
stricken
nâḥaq ‫ ‡„ــــﻪق‬dishonest, unrightful; ba ~
‫ ﺑﻪ ‡„ﻪق‬unjustly
nâḥaz ‫ ‡„ﻪز‬ugly; enemy
nâkâw, la ‫ ‡ﰷو‬v suddenly, all of a
sudden
nâkh ‫ ‡خ‬depth, interior: la ~ i âkh’dâ
inside the earth, in the grave
nâkher ‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ـ‬L‫ ﻧـﻪ‬no; ba ~ i gyânim unwill-
ingly
nâkhosh ‫ ‡ﺧـــــﯚش‬unpleasant; ~î ‫‡ﺧـــــﯚﳽ‬
unpleasantness
nâł ‫ ‡ڵ‬horseshoe; ~dâr ‫ﺪار‬T‡ horse
nâla v‡ wail, lament; ~bâr ‫¶ر‬v‡ sad,
lamentable
nâlândin ‫ ‡ﻻﻧـــﺪن‬nâlen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ‡ﻟـــ‬v.t. to be-
moan
nâm|a ‫ ‡ﻣﻪ‬letter; ~îlka ‫ ‡ﻣ;ﻠﮑﻪ‬pamphlet
nâmo ‫ ‡ﻣﯚ‬stranger, foreign
nân ‫ ‡ن‬bread, food; ~-khwârdin to eat,
have a meal; ~araq ‫ ‡ﻧـﻪرﻩق‬dry crust of
 SORANI KURDISH
bread; ~awâ ‫ ‡ﻧـــﻪوا‬baker; ~azig ‫‡ﻧـــﻪزگ‬
someone who works for his board;
~kar ‫ ‡ﻧﻪﮐﻪر‬breadmaker, baker
nân ‫ ‡ن‬ne- ê (v.t., pass. nirân nre-) to
put, place; dâ-~ to put down, set
down, to compose, put together
(book): ktebèkî dânâwa he has writ-
ten a book; râ-~ v.t. to exhibit, show;
le-~ bo to fix food for: shorbâm bo
le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him; pe-
~à to make it to: agar aw shawá
bimâbâya, pemân danâyà rozh i sha-
sham if he had remained that night,
we would have made it to the sixth
day; sar-~awa to lay one’s head
down (to sleep)
nâpâk ‫ ‡ﭘﺎک‬unclean, filthy
nâřazâ|î ‫ ‡ڕﻩزاﰃ‬unhappiness, dissatisfac-
tion; ~yatî ‫ ‡ڕازاﯾﻪﰏ‬ditto
nâřawâ ‫ ‡ڕﻩوا‬unreadable
nârâstawkho ‫ﺘﻪوﺧﯚ‬8‫ ‡راﺳ‬indirect
nârâzî ‫ ‡رازی‬unhappy, dissatisfied
nârdin ‫ ‡ردن‬ner- ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻧ‬v.t. to send
nârdîwân ‫ ‡ردﯾﻮان‬ladder
nârdrân ‫ ‡ردران‬nârdre- ‫ ‡ردرێ‬v.p. to be
sent
nâsândin ‫ ‡ﺳـــﺎﻧـــﺪن‬nâsen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ‡ﺳـــ‬v.t. to
introduce, make known
nâshe ‰‫ ‡ﺷـــ‬it’s not right, it’s not proper,
shouldn’t
nâshtin ‫ ‡ﺷـﱳ‬nezh- ‫ـﮋ‬Œ‫ ـﻧ‬v.t. to bury in the
ground, plant in the ground
nâsik ‫ ‡ﺳﮏ‬fine, thin
nâs|în ‫ ‡ﺳ ـﲔ‬nâs- ‫ ‡س‬v.t. to know, be ac-
quainted with, recognize; ~înawa
‫ــــﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ ‡ﺳــــ›ــــ‬to recognize: nâynâsîtawa
don’t you recognize him?; ~rân v.p.
‫ ‡ﴎان‬to be known, recognized; ~rân
ba ‫ ‡ﴎان ﺑـــﻪ‬v.p. to be known as; ~râw
‫ ‡ﴎاو‬well-known, famous; ~yâr ‫ﻴــﺎر‬8‫‡ﺳـ‬
acquaintance; ~yâw ‫ـــﺎو‬ ‫ﻴ‬8‫ ‡ﺳ‬acquainted;
na~yâw ‫ﻴـﺎو‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﻧـﻪ‡ ــ‬unacquainted: nanâs-
yâwèk biydîbân if someone who
didn’t know them were to see them
nâsor ‫ ‡ﺳﯚر‬an infected sore, gangrene
210
nâtawâw ‫ ‡ﺗــﻪواو‬deficient, incomplete; ~î
deficiency
nâumed ‫ ‡ﺋ ـﻮﻣ ـ´ ـﺪ‬in despair, desperate; ~-
kirdin v.t. to dash someone’s hopes:
hîwâdârim nâumedmân nakay I hope
you won’t dash our hopes; ~î despair
nâw1 ‫ ‡و‬midst, middle; among, between;
la ~ birdin v.t. to eradicate, get rid of;
la ~ chûn v.i. to disappear, cease to
exist; ~ařâst ‫ ‡وﻩڕاﺳــــﺖ‬middle; ~arok
‫ ‡وﻩرۆک‬contents; ~and ‫ ‡وﻩﻧرـــــﺪ‬center;
~andî ‫ ‡وﻩﻧـــــﺪی‬central; ~châw ‫‡و¸ـــــﺎو‬
forehead; ~qad ‫ ‡وﻗـــــــــــﻪد‬waist; ~râst
‫ ‡وراﺳـــــــﺖ‬middle, center; ~châw-tur-
shândin ‫ ‡و¸ﺎو ﺗﻮرﺷﺎﻧﺪن‬v.t. to frown
nâw2 ‫ ‡و‬name; ~bâng ‫ــــــﮓ‬s¶‫ ‡و‬fame, re-
nown; ~dâr ‫ ‡ودار‬renowned; ba~bâng
‫ﮓ‬s¶‫ ﺑﻪ‡و‬famous, well-known
nâwakhtâ, la ‫ــــــﺎ‬µ‫ ‡وﻩﺧــــــ‬v at an unusual
time, unexpectedly
nâwcha ‫‡و¸ـﻪ‬, newcha ‫ـﻮ¸ـﻪ‬²‫ ﻧـ‬administra-
tive region
nâwik ‫ ‡وک‬pit: ~ a khurmâ date pit
nâyeł- ‫ ‡ﯾــــــــــــﻪڵ‬dial. var. for nâheł- (see
heshtin)
nâyen- ‫ ‡ﯾﻪن‬see henân
nâz ‫ ‡ز‬coquetry; ~dâr ‫ ‡زدار‬dear, cute;
ba ~-u-goz bakhew-kirdin v.t. to
spoil (a child)
nâzlâw ‫ ‡زﻻو‬tender shoot
nâznâw ‫ ‡ز‡و‬nickname, nom de plume
ne ê pres. stem of nân
nechîr ‫ﲑ‬²‫ ﻧ‬prey
negatîv ‫ﭫ‬²‫ﮕﻪﺗ‬²‫ ﻧ‬negative
ner ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﻧ‬male; ~îna male
nerdîwân ‫ﺮدﯾﻮان‬Œ‫ = ﻧ‬nârdîwân
nerdrân ‫ﺮدران‬Œ‫ = ﻧ‬nerrân
nerrân ‫ـــﺮران‬Œ‫ ﻧـــ‬nerre- ‫ـــﺮرێ‬Œ‫( ﻧـــ‬passive of
nârdin) to be sent
new ‫ﻮ‬²‫ = ﻧ‬nâw, nâwcha
newarok ‫ﻮﻩرۆک‬²‫ ﻧ‬contents
newchâwân ‫ﻮ¸ﺎوان‬²‫ ﻧ‬forehead, brow
nezh- ‫ﮋ‬Œ‫ ﻧ‬pres. stem of nâshtin
nigrîs ‫ﮕﺮ§ﺲ‬s = nagrîs
nihen ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﳖــ‬secret, hidden; ~î secret, hid-
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
den thing; ba ~î in secret, secretly nok ‫ ﻧـــــﯚک‬chickpea; ~âw ‫ ﻧـــــﯚﰷو‬chickpea
nihom ‫ ﳖﯚم‬floor, story soup
nimakbaḥarâm ‫ــﺒــﻪ„ــﻪرام‬B‫ ﳕــﻪ‬ingrate, un- nokar ‫ ﻧـــﯚﮐـــﻪر‬servant; ~âyatî ‫ﻧـــﯚﮐـــﻪراﯾـــﻪﰏ‬
grateful servitude, service
nimûna ‫ ﳕـــــﻮوﻧـــــﻪ‬example, sample; ~ nî- nokîsa ‫ ﻧﯚﮐ›ﺴﻪ‬nouveau riche
shân-dân v.t. to give as an example noł ‫ ﻧــــــــــﯚڵ‬soft: zhûshik ba bechû i khoy
nirân ‫ﺮان‬s nre- ‫ﺮێ‬s v.p. passive of nân dałe okhay roła narm u nołakám the
nirka ‫ﺮﮐﻪ‬s rumble, rumbling sound porcupine says to its baby, “O my
nirkândin ‫ــﺮﰷﻧــﺪن‬s nirken- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ــﺮﮐــ‬s v.t. to soft little one”
grunt, to make a rumbling sound nomâ ‫ ﻧﯚﻣﺎ‬colt
nirkh ‫ـﺮخ‬s value, worth; ~dâr ‫ـﺪار‬L‫ـﺮ‬s valu- nomâł ‫ ﻧﯚﻣﺎڵ‬newly wed
able; ba~ ‫ــﺮخ‬s‫ ﺑــﻪ‬worthwhile, valuable; nora ‫ ﻧﯚرﻩ‬turn
~ândin ‫ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L‫ـﺮ‬s ~en- ‫ــﻦ‬ŒL‫ـﺮ‬s v.t. to evalu- nosh ‫ﻧﯚش‬: ~ i gyân cheers, bon appetit
ate (ba as) noshân ‫ ﻧﯚﺷﺎن‬nosh- ‫ ﻧﯚش‬v.t. to drink
nishân ‫ﺸﺎن‬ë = nîshân noshâtir ‫ﺮ‬Ž‫ ﻧﯚﺷﺎ‬bleach
niwishta ‫ﺘﻪ‬8‫ ﻧﻮﺷ‬inscription nuft ‫ ﻧﻮﻓﺖ‬nose
niyâz ‫ ﻧﻴﺎز‬need; desire nukrândin ‫ـﺮاﻧـﺪن‬B‫ ﻧـﻮ‬nukren- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﺮ‬B‫ ﻧـﻮ‬v.t. to
nizâw ‫ﺰاو‬s water exuded from anything carve (on wood or stone)
nizim ‫ــــــــــــــﺰم‬s low: ba dang i ~ in a low nukta ‫ ﻧﻮﮐﺘﻪ‬joke, pleasantry
voice; ~âî ‫ﺰﻣﺎﰃ‬s lowliness nuqim-bûn ‫ ﻧ ـﻮﰴ ﺑ ـﻮون‬v.i. to disappear, be
nizîk ‫ـــﮏ‬a‫ـــﺰ‬s near; la khoy ~ khistinawa lost
v.t. to seat s.o. near oneself nuqta ‫ﻪ‬µ‫ ﻧﻮﻗ‬point
nînok ‫ﯚک‬ž›‫ ﻧ‬fingernail nushân ‫ ﻧـﻮﺷـﺎن‬nushe- ‰‫ ﻧـﻮﺷـ‬v.i.: ~awa to
nîsân ‫ ﻧ›ﺴﺎن‬April bend, be folded; ~dinawa ‫ﻧــﻮﺷــﺎﻧــﺪﻧــﻪوﻩ‬
nîsh- ‫ ﻧ›ﺶ‬pres. stem of nîshtin nushen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧﻮﺷ‬v.t. to bend, fold
nîshân ‫ ﻧـــ›ـــﺸـــﺎن‬target; trace, sign; ~-dân nuskha ‫ ﻧﻮﲯﻪ‬manuscript, copy
v.t. to show, give forth; ~-shikândin nustin ‫ ﻧـــﻮﺳـــﱳ‬nu- ‫ ﻧـــﻮ‬v.i. to sleep, go to
v.t. to practice archery; ~shiken sleep
‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ﺸﮑ‬ë‫ ﻧ›ﺸﺎ‬sharpshooter nûk ‫ ﻧــــــﻮوک‬tip, point: nûk a chaqo point
nîshâna ‫ ﻧـــ›ـــﺸـــﺎﻧـــﻪ‬sign, mark; ~-girtin la of a knife; beak; whimper
v ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻧ›ﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﺮ‬to take aim at nûka ‫ ﻧﻮوﮐﻪ‬now, at that time
nîshtaje ‰‫ﺘﻪﺟ‬8‫ ﻧ›ﺸ‬successor nûkanûk ‫ ﻧــﻮوﮐــﻪﻧــﻮوک‬whimper: am ~á la
nîshtimân ‫ن‬0‫ــ‬8‫ﻧ›ﺸ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬country, homeland; ~î chiya? what’s this whimpering for?
‫ﱏ‬0‫ــ‬8‫ ــﻧ›ﺸ‬national; ~parwar ‫ ـﻧﭙـﻪروﻩر‬0‫ــ‬8‫ــﻧ›ﺸ‬ nûkâ ‫ = ﻧﻮوﰷ‬nûka
patriot nûq ‫ ﻧـﻮوق‬dunked; ~ân ‫ ﻧـﻮوﻗـﺎن‬nûqe- Õ‫ﻧـﻮو‬
nîshtin ‫ـــﱳ‬ ‫ﻴ‬8‫ﺸ‬ë‫ ـ‬nîsh- ‫ ﻧ›ــﺶ‬v.i. to sit; dâ~ to v.i. to be dunked; ~ândin ‫ﻧـــــﻮوﻗـــــﺎﻧـــــﺪن‬
sit down, to dwell nûqen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧﻮوﻗ‬v.t. to dunk
nîw ‫ ﻧﻴــﻮ‬half, mid-; ~ařo ‫ ﻧﻴــﻮﻩڕۆ‬noon, mid- nûqîn ‫ ﻧــــﻮوﻗــــﲔ‬v.t. to close, shut: châwit
day; ~ashaw ‫ ﻧﻴﻮﻩﺷﻪو‬midnight binûqe shut your eyes
Nîzâmî ‫ ﻧـــــﲒاﻣـــــﯽ‬Nizami (1141–1209), a nûs|ar ‫ ﻧــــــﻮوﺳــــــﻪر‬writer, author; ~ândin
very well-known Persian poet ‫ ﻧﻮوﺳﺎﻧﺪن‬nûsên- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧﻮوﺳ‬v.t. to write
nîzîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ = ﻧﲒ‬nizîk nûs|en- ‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧــــﻮوﺳــــ‬v.t. to write; ~ânawa
no ‫ ﻧﯚ‬nine; ~(h)am ‫ ﻧﯚﻩم‬،‫ ﻧﯚﻫﻪم‬ninth ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ‬copy; ~în ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﲔ‬nûs- ‫ ﻧـﻮوس‬v.t.
noba ‫ ﻧﯚﺑﻪ‬turn; ba ~ by turn to write; ~înawa ‫ـــﻪوﻩ‬ ž›‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳ‬v.t. to copy,
noga ‫ ﻧﯚﮔﻪ‬turn to transcribe; literature
211
 SORANI KURDISH
nûsân ‫ ـﻧ ﻮوﺳـﺎن‬nûse- ‰‫ ـﻧ ﻮوﺳـ‬ba v.i. to stick
to, to be stuck to, in
nûsândin ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬nûsen ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻧـﻮوﺳ‬ba v.t. to
clutch at
nûsînga ‫ﮕﻪ‬ž›‫ ﻧﻮوﺳ‬office
nûtak ‫ ﻧﻮوﺗﻪک‬heavy darkness
nûza ‫ ﻧﻮوزﻩ‬moan
nwândin ‫ ﻧـﻮاﻧـﺪن‬nwen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧـﻮ‬v.t. to repre-
sent, look like; kho ~ to show oneself
nwe ‫ ﻧـــــــــﻮێ‬new; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to re-
new, to renovate
nwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﻧﻮ‬bedclothes, sheets
nwen- ‫ ﻧﻮێ‬pres. stem of nwândin
nwenar ‫ﻨﻪر‬l‫ ﻧﻮ‬representative
nweshk ‫ﺸﮏ‬â‫ ﻧﻮ‬rennet
nwezh ‫ــﮋ‬¤‫ ﻧــﻮ‬prayer (one of the five daily
Muslim prayers); ~-khwendin v.t. to
perform prayer; ~-kirdin v.t. to pray
oghir ‫ ﺋــــــﯚﻏــــــﺮ‬journey, good omen for a
journey: oghrit kher bet bon voyage
orgân ‫ ﺋﯚرﮔﺎن‬organ
okhizhn ‫ ﺋﯚﺧﮋن‬rest, calm
ordû ‫ ﺋﯚردوو‬camp; ~gâ ‫ ﺋﯚردووﮔﺎ‬campsite
otonomî ‫ ﺋﯚﺗﯚﻧﯚﻣﯽ‬autonomy
pak ‫ ﭘﻪک‬need, necessity; amazing
pakhsh ‫ ﭘـــــﻪﺧـــــﺶ‬dispersal; ~-bûn v.i. to
spread out, to be dispersed
pakhsha ‫ ﭘﻪﺧﺸﻪ‬publication
pakhshân ‫ ﭘـــﻪﺧـــﺸـــﺎن‬prose; dispersed; ~-
bûn v.i. to be dispersed, to spread
out; ~-kirdin v.t. to scatter; ~-
kirdinawa v.t. to distribute
pala v‫ ﭘــﻪ‬haste; ~-kirdin v.t. to hurry; ba
~ v‫ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪ‬in haste, hurriedly
pała1 ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬field, farm
pała2 ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬stain, spot
pałahawr ‫ﻪﻫﻪور‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬bird
palapalî ‫ﭘﻪﱃ‬v‫ ﭘﻪ‬confusion
palaqâzhe ‫ﻗـﺎژێ‬v‫ ﭘـﻪ‬flailing the hands and
feet
palawar ‫وﻩر‬v‫ﭘﻪ‬, palawir ‫ور‬v‫ ﭘﻪ‬bird
palâmâr ‫ ﭘـــــــﻪﻻﻣـــــــﺎر‬attack; ~-dân v.t. to
212
grab, snatch, attack
pałg ‫ـﮓ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬eyelid
palk ‫ـــﮏ‬¢‫ ﭘـــﻪ‬tress, leaf, branch; ~ i châw
‫ﮑﯽ ¸ﺎو‬¢‫ ﭘﻪ‬eyelid; ~a ‫ﮑﻪ‬¢‫ ﭘﻪ‬tress
pałk ‫ـﮏ‬T‫ ﭘﻪ‬a type of plane tree
palkesh-kirdin ‫ ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ـﺶ‬Œ‫ ـﮑ ـ‬¢‫ ﭘ ـﻪ‬v.t. to pick
up
palupo ‫ ﭘـﻪﻟـﻮﭘـﯚ‬endurance: palupoy pichiřâ
he couldn't take it any longer; la ~
kawtin to come to the end of one’s
endurance
pama ‫ ﭘﻪﻣﻪ‬cotton
panâ ‡‫ ﭘــــــــــــﻪ‬shelter, refuge, asylum; ~-
birdin ba v.t. to take refuge in; ~bar
‫ ﭘﻪ‡ﺑﻪر‬refugee
pand ‫ ﭘﻪﻧﺪ‬advice
paner ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﭘﻪﻧ‬cheese
pang-khwârdin ‫ـــﮓ ﺧـــﻮاردن‬s‫ ﭘـــﻪ‬v.t. to be
pent up
panhân ‫ ﭘﻪﳖﺎن‬wonderful, rare, strange
panja ‫ ﭘــﻪﳒــﻪ‬hand; claw; ~-dân lagał v.t.
to fight with, contend with; ~ i kho
gastin v.t. to bite one’s fingers, to ex-
press surprise
panjara ‫ ﭘﻪﳒﻪرﻩ‬window
panjoła ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻪﳒﯚ‬claw
papka-bastin ‫ـــﮑـــﻪ ﺑـــﻪﺳـــﱳ‬º‫ ﭘـــﻪ‬v.t. to coil:
mârakân papkayân bast the snakes
coiled up
pař1 ‫ ﭘــــــــــﻪڕ‬side, direction: aw~ i on the
other side of, past
pař2 ‫ ﭘﻪڕ‬feather
pařa ‫ ﭘﻪڕﻩ‬petal: ~ i gul rose petal
parasandin ‫ ﭘــﻪرﻩﺳــﻪﻧــﺪن‬v.i. to be in gen-
eral use
pařawâza ‫ ﭘﻪڕﻩوازﻩ‬wandering, homeless
pařândin ‫ ﭘــــﻪڕاﻧــــﺪن‬pařen- ‫ــــﻦ‬¤‫ ﭘــــﻪڕ‬v.t. to
make leap, jump; to cause to flee; to
cut off part of something: am liká
bipařena cut off this limb; to leave
out: la khwendinawa’dâ khatèkit
pařând you left out a line in your
reading; to remove: lamparim pařând
I removed the obstacle; ~awa to save:
pařândûtimawa you've saved me;
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
dar-~ la to drive away from, to chase
out of; dâ-~ to shake: la dârakáwa
am sewâná’m dâpařândà khwâr I
shook these apples down from the
tree; râ-~ to wake up, roust out of
sleep
pařâw ‫ ﭘﻪڕاو‬notebook
parâwezân ‫ـﺰان‬¤‫ ﭘـﻪراو‬parâweze- ‫ـﺰێ‬¤‫ﭘـﻪراو‬
v.t. to edit
parcham ‫ ﭘﻪر¸ﻪم‬bangs
parch-dânawa ‫ ﭘـــﻪرچ داﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to pound
(the head of a nail) flat
parchî ‫ ﭘﻪرﭼﯽ‬cheap, insignificant
pardâkh ‫ ﭘﻪرداخ‬glass, tumbler
pare ‫ ﭘﻪرێ‬day before yesterday
pařendrân ‫ــﻨــﺪران‬l‫ ﭘــﻪڕ‬v.p. passive of pa-
řândin
parez ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﭘﻪر‬place for harvested grain
paristin ‫ ﭘــــﻪرﺳــــﱳ‬parist- ‫ ﭘــــﻪرﺳــــﺖ‬v.t. to
serve, adore, worship
parî ‫ ﭘﻪری‬peri, fairy
pařîn ‫ـﻦ‬a‫ ﭘـﻪڕ‬pař- ‫ ﭘـﻪڕ‬v.i. to leap, jump; te-
~ la to pass by/through
parmûn ‫ ﭘـﻪرﻣـﻮون‬parme- ‰‫ ﭘـﻪرﻣـ‬v.t. to rely
on oneself; râ-~ to consider worthy,
to find s.o. capable (+ subj.) of doing
something
parsh ‫ ﭘــﻪرش‬scattered; ~ u bilâw kirdin-
awa ‫ـﺮدﻧـﻪوﻩ‬6 ‫ ﭘـﻪرش و ﺑـﻼو‬v.t. to scatter, let
loose: kichá qizh’î parsh u bilâw
kirdawa the girl let her hair fly loose
parsiv ‫ ﭘﻪرﺳﭫ‬answer, response
partuk ‫ ﭘﻪرﺗﻮک‬book
parwarda-kirdin ‫ــــــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﭘــــــﻪروﻩردﻩ‬v.t. to
raise, rear (flocks, herds)
parzh ‫ ﭘﻪرژ‬opportunity
pařzh ‫ ﭘﻪڕژ‬broadcast, widespread
parzhîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﭘﻪرژ‬relation; business
parzhân ‫ ﭘـــﻪرژان‬parzhe- ‫ ﭘـــﻪرژێ‬v.i. to be
busy
pasand-bûn la v ‫ ﭘـﻪﺳـﻪﻧـﺪ ﺑـﻮون‬to be pleas-
ing to
pasârdin ‫ ﭘـﻪﺳـﺎردن‬paser- ‫ــﺮ‬Œ‫ ﭘـﻪﺳ‬v.t.: hał-~
ba ...awa to lean against: bel ba
dîwârawa hałpasera lean the shovel
213
against the wall
pashîmân ‫ن‬7‫ــ‬8‫ ﭘـﻪﺷ‬regretful, sorry; ~-kir-
dinawa to dissuade
pashok|ân ‫ ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﰷن‬pashoke- ‰‫ ﭘـﻪﺷـﯚﮐـ‬v.i.
to get upset, be terrified; ~âw ‫ﭘـــﻪﺷـــﯚﰷو‬
terrified; ~âwî ‫ ﭘﻪﺷﯚﰷوی‬terror
pasind ‫ﻨﺪ‬8‫ ﭘﻪﺳ‬approval
past ‫ ﭘـﻪﺳـﺖ‬low, dejected; ~î ‫ــﱴ‬8‫ ﭘـﻪﺳ‬dejec-
tion; ba ~îawa ‫;ﻪوﻩ‬n‫ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻪﺳ‬dejectedly
pastâwtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ﺘـﺎو‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﭘـﻪ ــ‬v.t. to stuff, cram; to
beat with the feet, kick
pat1 ‫ ﭘـــــــــﻪت‬rope, cord: pat i hîwâ kawtà
bârîk the thread of hope wore thin,
there was not much hope left
pat2 ‫ ﭘﻪت‬see lat-u-pat
patâta ‫ﺗﻪ‬c‫ ﭘﻪ‬potato
payâ p‫ = ﭘﻪ‬paydâ
payâm ‫م‬p‫ ﭘـﻪ‬message; ~-nârdin to send a
message
paydâ ‫ ﭘــﻪﯾــﺪا‬visible, found; ~-bûn v.i. to
happen, to become visible; ~-kirdin
v.t. to find
payjo(r) ‫ ﭘــﻪﳚــﯚر‬investigator, researcher;
~î investigation, research
paymân ‫ ﭘــــﻪﳝــــﺎن‬promise; ~-bastin lagał
v.t. to make a promise to someone
paytâ-paytâ ‫ ﭘـﻪ ـﯾﺘـﺎ ﭘـﻪ ـﯾﺘـﺎ‬constantly, contin-
uously
paywand ‫ ﭘﻪﯾﻮﻩﻧﺪ‬connection, relation
paz ‫ ﭘﻪز‬sheep
pazhâra ‫ ﭘﻪژارﻩ‬sorrow, worry
pâchîn ‫ ﭘـــﺎ¸ـــﲔ‬v.t. to pound; dâ-~ to split
from top to bottom
pâdâsht ‫ ﭘـﺎداﺷـﺖ‬reward; ~-dânawa to re-
ward
pâk ‫ ﭘـــــــــــﺎک‬pure, clean; ~-kirdin v.t. to
clean
pâł ‫ ﭘــــــﺎڵ‬side; back; inside: la ~ khoy’dâ
tûřaya he’s angry inwardly; ~-dân
v.t. to push: nâbizue: wara dagalmân
pâl da it won’t budge: come push
with us; ~-dânawa v.t. to lean back,
rest; ~-dân ba v.t. to lean against:
~im ba dîwârawa dâ I leaned against
the wall; ~-kawtin v.i. to lie down; ~
 SORANI KURDISH
pewa nân v.t. to push; la ~ a kho’dâ
for one’s own part, on one’s own be-
half
pâławân ‫ـــــﻪوان‬T‫ ﭘـــــﺎ‬champion, hero; ~etî
‫ﱴ‬Œ‫ﻪواﻧ‬T‫ ﭘﺎ‬, ~iyatî ‫ﻪواﻧﻴﻪﰏ‬T‫ ﭘﺎ‬heroism
pâłâ Ÿ‫ = ﭘﺎ‬pelâw
pâłpishtî ‫ﱴ‬8‫ﺸ‬ÎT‫ ﭘﺎ‬backing, support
pâłtâw ‫ﺘﺎو‬T‫ ﭘﺎ‬overcoat
pân ‫ ﭘﺎن‬wide, broad, shallow
pâr ‫ ﭘﺎر‬last year
pâra ‫ ﭘﺎرﻩ‬money
pâřân ‫ ﭘـــــﺎڕان‬pâře- ‫ ﭘـــــﺎڕێ‬v.i. to beg, be-
seech
pârâstin ‫ ﭘـــﺎراﺳـــﱳ‬pârez- ‫ـــﺰ‬¤‫ ﭘـــﺎر‬la v.t. to
protect from, keep
pârâztin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ = ﭘﺎراز‬pârastin
pârez ‫ــــﺰ‬¤‫ ﭘــــﺎر‬avoidance, abstaining; am-
bush; ~-birdin v.t. to ambush; ~-chûn
v.i. to wait in ambush; ~-kirdin v.t. to
abstain; ~rân ‫ــــﺰران‬¤‫ ﭘــــﺎر‬v.p. to be pro-
tected, kept; ~ar ‫ـﺰﻩر‬¤‫ ﭘـﺎر‬defender, pro-
tector, defence lawyer; ~gâr ‫ـــﺰﮔـــﺎر‬¤‫ﭘـــﺎر‬
protector; ~î ‫ــــــﺰی‬¤‫ ﭘــــــﺎر‬protection; ~î-
kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ﺰی‬¤‫ ﭘﺎر‬v.t. to protect
pârû ‫ ﭘﺎروو‬morsel
pâsawân ‫ ﭘﺎﺳﻪوان‬guard; ~î surveillance
pâsh ‫ ﭘــــــﺎش‬after (prep); ~-kawtin to fall
behind, be backward; ~-khistin v.t. to
delay; to neglect, ignore; ~ awaî (ka)
after (conj.); la ~’â afterwards; ~a-
rozh ‫ ﭘـﺎﺷـﻪرۆژ‬future; ~kawtû ‫ﺷﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮو‬ ‫ﭘـﺎ ـ‬
backward; ~mana ‫ ﭘـﺎﴰـﻪﻧـﻪ‬left-over; la-
maw~ ‫ﻣﻪوﭘﺎش‬v henceforth
pâshał ‫ ﭘﺎﺷﻪڵ‬back of the skirt; hind leg
pâshâ ‫ ﭘﺎﺷﺎ‬king, prince
pâshu ‫ ﭘﺎﺷﻮ‬leg (of an animal)
pâya ‫ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬rank
pâyiz ‫ﺰ‬a‫ ﭘﺎ‬autumn
pâzh ‫ ﭘﺎژ‬portion, section; document
pe1 ‰Š‫( ﭘـ‬adj.) (1) fasting: min amřo peyim
I’m fasting today; (2) on hand: pûl’it
peya? do you have any money on
hand?; (3) lit (fire): âgir peya the
fire’s lit
pe2 ‰Š‫ ﭘـ‬foot; ~-dâ-girtin v.t. to insist, im-
214
portune; ba ~ i in account of; ~ pewa
nân v.t. to get a move on, to hightail
it out; dang i ~yek the sound of a
footstep; ~ la kawsh’(d)â bûn to in-
sist, to be firm: peyèkit la kawsh’â bet
u aw pekát nakirdibe ba jey bela be
firmly resolved, stick to your guns
pe3 ‰Š‫( ﭘــــــــــ‬postposition) see ba; ~… wâ
bûn to think, be of the opinion that:
pem wâ bû I thought so; pey wâ bû
diz u regirin he thought they were
robbers and brigands
pe4 ‰Š‫ ﭘـ‬cmpd. vb. element, see under ver-
bal element: pe-gayshtin, pe-kanîn,
pe-wîstin
pe-chûn ‫ﭽﻮون‬²‫ ﭘ‬see under chûn ba
pe-kirdin ‫ــــﮑــــﺮدن‬²‫ ﭘــــ‬v.t. to force, oblige:
pe’yân kirdim aw kârá bikam they
forced me to do it; to fool; to light
(fire); dast ~ (+ inf.) to begin (doing)
pechawâna ‫ـﻪواﻧـﻪ‬²‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ــ‬reverse, opposite; ba
~wa ‫ﻪواﻧﻪوﻩ‬²‫ ﺑﻪ ﭘ‬on the contrary
pechân ‫ـﺎن‬²‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ــ‬pech- ‫ــﭻ‬²‫ ﭘ‬v.t. to fold, wrap;
hał-~ v.t. to roll up
pechrân ‫ﭽـﺮان‬²‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬pechre- ‫ﭽـﺮێ‬²‫ ـ ـﭘ‬v.p. to be
wrapped
pedasht ‫ﺪﻩﺷﺖ‬²‫ ﭘ‬piedmont plain
pedâ ‫ﺪا‬²‫ = ﭘ‬paydâ
pedâwîst ‫ﺪاو§ﺴﺖ‬²‫ = ﭘ‬pewîst
peghamar ‫ﻐﻪﻣﻪر‬²‫ ﭘ‬prophet
pek ‫ــﮏ‬²‫ ﭘ‬together, in order; ~-ânîn v.t. to
accomplish, to reconcile; ~-biřrân
v.i. to be suitable: to u aw kirâsá
daley pek biřrâwin it’s as though you
and that shirt were made for each
other; ~-gayshtin v.i. to meet, see
each other; ~-hâtin v.i. to agree, get
along together; to consist (la of); ~-
henân v.t. to put together, produce,
accomplish; to reconcile; ~awa ‫ﮑـﻪوﻩ‬²‫ﭘ‬ ‫ــ‬
together; ~awa-nân v.t. to shut, close
(book, eyes), to stick together; rek u
~ ‫ﮏ‬²‫ﮏوﭘ‬¤‫ ر‬ordered, arranged
pe-kanîn ‫ﮑﻪﻧﲔ‬²‫ ﭘ‬v.i. to laugh
pekân ‫ـﲀن‬²‫ ـﭘ‬peke- ‰‫ﮑـ‬²‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬v.t. to hit with an
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
arrow or bullet, hit the mark
pełâw ‫و‬˲‫ ﭘ‬shoes
peło ‫ﯚ‬k²‫ ﭘ‬eyelid
penâs ‫ﺎس‬žŒ‫ ﭘ‬identity, identity card
penâw ‫ـﺎو‬žŒ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬: la ~ i ...’dâ for, for the sake
of: la penâw i âzâdî’dâ khom bakht
akam I’ll risk my life for the sake of
freedom
penj ‫ـﺞ‬žŒ‫ﭘ‬
‫ ـ ـ‬five; ~am ‫ـﻪم‬힌‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ـ ـ ـ‬fifth; ~sham-
ma ‫ﺠﺸﻪﳑﻪ‬žŒ‫ ﭘ‬Thursday
peřaw ‫ﻩو‬g‫ــــ‬Œ‫ ﭘــــ‬pedestrian; sidewalk; pro-
gram
pere ‫ﺮێ‬Œ‫ = ﭘ‬pare
pesh ‫ـﺶ‬Œ‫ ـﭘ‬before, ahead; ~ awaî (ka) be-
fore (conj); ~-girtin ba v.t. to
prevent: la chûn pesh’yân pe girtim
they prevented me from going; ~-
girtin la v.t. to stand in front of; ~-
kawtin v.i. to advance, go forward,
get ahead of: peshmân kawtûn they
have gotten ahead of us; dânà ~ to
drive forward
peshak ‫ﺸﻪک‬Œ‫ ﭘ‬foreword
peshawâ ‫ﺸﻪوا‬Œ‫ ﭘ‬leader
peshîn ‫ﺸـﲔ‬Œ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ــ‬former, olden; ~îân ‫ــــﺎن‬
the ancients, ancestors, forefathers
peshkash ‫ﺸﮑـﻪش‬Œ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ــ ـ‬present, gift; ~-kirdin
ba v.t. to present to; ~-krân v.p. to be
presented
peshkawtû ‫ﺸﮑـﻪوﺗـﻮو‬Œ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ــ ـ‬advanced, progres-
sive
peshmarga ‫ ـﺸ ـﻤ ـﻪرﮔ ـﻪ‬Œ‫ ﭘ ـ‬guerilla, freedom
fighter
peshnirâw ‫ ـﺸ ـﲊاو‬Œ‫ ﭘ ـ‬proposed, suggested;
proposal
peshnyâr ‫ ـ; ـﺎر‬À‫ ـﺸ ـ‬Œ‫ ﭘ ـ‬suggestion; ~-kirdin
v.t. to suggest
peshnyâz ‫ ـ; ـﺎز‬À‫ ـﺸ ـ‬Œ‫ ﭘ ـ‬suggestion; ~-kirdin
v.t. to suggest
peshwakht ‫ﺸﻮﻩﺧﺖ‬Œ‫ ﭘ‬early, untimely
peshwâz ‫ﺸـﻮاز‬Œ‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ــ‬greeting: hât ba peshwâz
i merdakáyawa she came to greet her
husband; ~î kirdin v.t. to receive
pest ‫ﺴﺖ‬Œ‫ ﭘ‬skin
petakht ‫ﻪﺧﺖ‬µŒ‫ ﭘ‬capital
pewa ‫ـــﻮﻩ‬²‫ﭘـــ‬: ~ dân see ba …awa dân; ~
girtin see ba …awa girtin
pewand ‫ـﻮﻩﻧـﺪ‬²‫ ﭘـ‬contact, link; ~-girtin la-
gał v.t. to form a link with
pewân ‫ﻮان‬²‫ ﭘ‬pew- ‫ﻮ‬²‫ ﭘ‬v.t. to measure
pewâr ‫ﻮار‬²‫ ﭘ‬unseen, invisible
pewdân ‫ﻮدان‬²‫ ﭘ‬measure, rule
pewîst ‫ـﻮ ـ§ﺴـﺖ‬²‫ ـﭘ‬necessary; ~î ‫ــﱴ‬8‫ـﻮ ـ§ﺴ‬²‫ ـﭘ‬ne-
cessity
pey ‫ﯽ‬Š²‫ = ﭘ‬pe2
pichiřândin ‫ا ـﻧ ﺪن‬g‫ ـﭘﭽـ‬pichiřen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤g‫ ـﭘﭽـ‬v.t.
to break, break apart
pichiřîn ‫ـﻦ‬ag‫ ﭘـﭽـ‬pichiř- g‫ ﭘـﭽـ‬v.t. to break,
cut; ~-awa la to sever relations with:
kâkim la ema pichiřîwatawa, hâtu-
chû’mân nâkâ my brother has severed
relations with us—he doesn’t come to
see us; hał-~ to force a cover off
pichiřrân ‫ان‬g‫ ـﭘﭽـ‬pichiřre- ‫ێ‬g‫ ـﭘﭽـ‬v.p. to be
broken, snapped
pichok ‫ ﭘﭽﯚک‬little, tiny
pif ‫ ﭘﻒ‬puff; ~-kirdin v.t. to puff, blow
pil ‫ ﭘﻞ‬finger, toe
pilân ‫ ﭘﻼن‬plan
;À‫ﻴ‬8‫ــﺸـ‬Œ‫ﭘ‬ piłâw ‫و‬Ë‫ ﭘ‬pilaf, cooked rice
piling ‫ ﭘﻠﻨﮓ‬tiger
piłîshâ|nawa ‫›ﺸـﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ‬k‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ـ ـ ـ‬v.i. to be mashed,
squashed; ~ndinawa ‫›ﺸـﺎﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ‬k‫ﭘ‬ ‫ ـ ـ ـ‬v.t. to
squash
pilk ‫ ﭘﻠﮏ‬eyelid
piř g‫ــــــــــــ‬º full; for compounds, see next
element; la ~ g‫ ـ‬º v, la ~èk’á ‫ ـﲀ‬¤g‫ ـ‬º v, la
~dâ ‫دا‬g‫ــــــ‬º v suddenly, all at once; ~ la
…awa full of; ~-bûn la to be angry
with: let piřim: mamdwena I’m angry
with you: don’t speak to me; ~’î
pe’dâ kirdin v.t. to snatch away; ~âî
‫اﰃ‬g‫ـ‬º midst, middle: la piřâî i âwakádâ
in the middle of the water; majority:
piřâî i khałkaká hât the majority of
the people came
pird ‫ﺮد‬º bridge
piřma ‫ﻣﻪ‬gº whinny, snivel
pirshing ‫ﻨﮓ‬8‫ﺮﺷ‬º ray
pirsîn ‫ﺮﺳﲔ‬º pirs- ‫ﺮس‬º la v.t. to ask
215
 SORANI KURDISH
pirsyâr ‫ــﻴـﺎر‬8 ‫ـﺮﺳ‬º question; ~-kirdin la v.t. ‫ ﭘـــــــﲑی‬old age; the act of going out to
to ask s.o. greet a superior; ba ~î i …awa hâtin
piřtâw ‫و‬cgº haste; ba ~ hâtin to rush to come/go out to greet
pirtuk ‫ﺮﺗﻮک‬º piece Pîrânshâr ‫ـﺸـﺎر‬ë‫ ﭘـﲑا‬Piranshahr, a town in
piryâska ‫ﺳﮑﻪ‬p‫ﺮ‬º small sack Iranian Kurdistan
piřzhân ‫ژان‬g‫ـــــ‬º v.i. to be scattered, sprin- pîroz ‫ ﭘﲑۆز‬happy, blessed, auspicious
kled; hał-~ to grapple; to squirt: pe’m pîs ‫ ﭘ ـ› ـﺲ‬dirty, filthy; ~ gâl-dân ‫ﭘ ـ› ـﺲ ﮔ ـﺎل‬
le nâ, quř u lîta’m pe hałpirzhâ I put ‫ دان‬v.t. to stir up filth; dil ~-kirdin la
my foot in it and mud squirted up all v.t. to suspect the worst of
over me pîsha ‫ ﭘ›ﺸﻪ‬trade, craft
piřzhândin ‫ژاﻧـﺪن‬g‫ـ‬º piřzhen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ژ‬g‫ـ‬º v.t. to pîshân ‫ ﭘ›ﺸﺎن‬trace; ~-dân v.t. to show
scatter, sprinkle, squirt pît ‫ ﭘ›ﺖ‬letter of the alphabet
pisân ‫ﺴﺎن‬é v.i. to break, snap pît u lat ‫ت‬v ‫ ﭘ›ﺖ و‬bit, little bit
pishî ‫ﺸﯽ‬é cat; ~la ƒ‫ﻴ‬8‫ﺸ‬é kitten pîwâz ‫ ﭘﻴﻮاز‬onion
pishkinîn ‫ـﲔ‬ž‫ـﺸـﮑـ‬é pishkin- ‫ـﺸـﮑـﻦ‬é v.t. to po ‫ ﭘﯚ‬weft
examine pol ‫ ﭘﯚل‬flock (of birds)
pisht ‫ ـﺸ ـﺖ‬é back; reliance; generation; ~ poł ‫ ﭘــــــﯚڵ‬grade: la pol i penjam i ibtidâ-
ba khwâ for God’s sake; ~ bastin ba î’dâ in the fifth grade of elementary
v.t. to click on; ~-dân v.t. to run school; group, squadron
away; ~-dân-awa v.t. to calm down: połâ Ÿ‫ ﭘﯚ‬steel
biro ~ i khot’î le bidawa go calm pop ‫ ﭘـــﯚپ‬cock’s comb, forelock; lik-u-~
down; ~-girtin v.t. to help, protect; ~ ‫ﮏوﭘﯚپ‬¢ branches and twigs
hał-kirdin v.t. to turn away in anger; poř ‫ ﭘــــــــــﯚڕ‬hair (on the head); partridge;
~-kirdin ba v.t. to rely on; ~ te-kir- pân u ~ ‫ ﭘﺎنوﭘﯚڕ‬wide, broad
din v.t. to turn the back on, ignore; ~- poshîn ‫ ﭘـﯚﺷـﲔ‬posh- ‫ ﭘـﯚش‬v.t. to wear, put
astûr complacent; ~ i ‫ــﱴ‬8‫ﺸ‬é‫ ـ‬behind; ~î on
‫ـﱴ‬8‫ـﺸـ‬é bolster; ba~ ‫ـﺸـﺖ‬é‫ ﺑـﻪ‬solid, firm, poshta ‫ــﺘـﻪ‬8 ‫ ﭘـﯚﺷ‬chic; happy; ~-kirdinawa
strong v.t. to dress in fine clothes
pishtâw ‫ــﺘـﺎو‬8 ‫ـﺸ‬é gunpowder sack; type of post1 ‫ ﭘـــﯚﺳـــﺖ‬skin, peel; ~-girtinawa v.t.
pistol to peel: post i am khayârá bigirawa
pishter ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ﺸ‬é stable peel this cucumber
pishû ‫ــــﺸــــﻮو‬é breath; ~-dân v.t. to take a post2 ‫ ﭘــــــﯚﺳــــــﺖ‬post, mail; ~ i alîktronî
breath ‫ﱴ ﺋﻪﻟﻴﮑﱰۆﱏ‬8‫ ﭘﯚﺳ‬e-mail
pispoř ‫ﭙﯚڕ‬8‫ﺴ‬é expert prûsk ‫ــــــﺮووﺳــــــﮏ‬º remains of a decayed
pisû ‫ﺴﻮو‬é feeling corpse
pitaw ‫ ﭘﺘﻪو‬strong, firm prûsha-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ﺮووﺷﻪ‬º v.t. to nibble
pitir ‫ ﭘﱰ‬earlier; more pushpař ‫ﭙﻪڕ‬8‫ ﭘﻮﺷ‬the month of Cancer
pizhîshk ‫ﮋ§ﺸﮏ‬º doctor, physician pûł ‫ ﭘﻮوڵ‬money
pizhma ‫ﮋﻣﻪ‬º sneeze pûř-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﭘﻮوڕ‬v.t. to store
pizhmîn ‫ﮋﻣﲔ‬º pizhm- ‫ﮋم‬º v.i. to sneeze pûs ‫ ﭘﻮوس‬skin
pizîshk ‫ﺰ§ﺸﮏ‬º = pizhîshk pûsh ‫ ﭘﻮوش‬dried grass
pîlân ‫ = ﭘﻴﻼن‬pilân pût ‫ ﭘﻮوت‬weight equal to sixteen kilos
pîr ‫ ﭘـــــــﲑ‬old, aged; ~ak ‫ ﭘـــــــﲑﻩک‬woman, pyâ ‫ = ﭘﻴﺎ‬pe’(d)â
wife; ~amerd ‫ــﺮد‬Œ‫ ﭘـﲑﻩﻣ‬old man; ~azhin pyâła ‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﭘﻴﺎ‬cup
‫ﭘـــﲑﻩژن‬, ~ezhin ‫ـــﮋن‬¤‫ ﭘـــﲑ‬old woman; ~î pyâsa ‫ ﭘـﻴـﺎﺳـﻪ‬walk, stroll; ~-kirdin v.t. to
216
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
take a stroll, go for a walk
pyâw ‫ ﭘـــﻴـــﺎو‬man; ~atî ‫ ﭘـــﻴـــﺎوﻩﰏ‬manhood,
manliness, generosity; ~ a gawrakân
dignitaries
pyâz ‫ ﭘﻴﺎز‬onion
qaba ‫ ﻗﻪﺑﻪ‬thick
qabûł ‫ ﻗـﻪﺑـﻮوڵ‬acceptance; ~-bûn v.i. to be
acceptable; ~-kirdin v.t. to accept,
agree to
qadpâl ‫ ﻗﻪدﭘﺎل‬mountainside
qafaza ‫ ﻗﻪﻓﻪزﻩ‬closet, storeroom
qałabâłigh ‫ﻪ¶ﻟﻎ‬T‫ ﻗﻪ‬crowd
qałam ‫ﻪم‬T‫ ﻗﻪ‬pen
qaław ‫ــﻪو‬T‫ ﻗــﻪ‬fat; lâm i ~ ‫ــﻪو‬T‫ ﻻﱉ ﻗــﻪ‬velar-
ized l
qałâ Ÿ‫ ﻗﻪ‬fort; ~ycha ‫ﻪ‬:Ÿ‫ ﻗﻪ‬fortress
qalâcho ‫ ﻗﻪﻻﭼﯚ‬extermination
qałbaz ‫ـﺒـﻪز‬T‫ ﻗـﻪ‬chain of rocks on a moun-
tain; ~a ‫ﺒﻪزﻩ‬T‫ ﻗﻪ‬waterfall
qalishîn ‫ ﻗﻪﻟﺸﲔ‬v.i. to split, crack
qalisht ‫ ﻗﻪﻟﺸﺖ‬crack, split
qanâra ‫ ﻗﻪ‡رﻩ‬gallows
qandin ‫ﻗــــﻪﻧــــﺪن‬: hał-~ v.t. to uproot, dig
up, get out
qandrân ‫ ﻗ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪران‬qandre- ‫ﻗ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪرێ‬: hał-~
v.p. to be uprooted, dug up
qara ‫ ﻗـــﻪرﻩ‬nearness, vicinity; kho nadân
la ~ i … not to get anywhere near
qarabâłikh ‫ﺦ‬T¶‫ = ﻗﻪرﻩ‬qalabâligh
qarâkh ‫ ﻗﻪراخ‬edge, outskirts
qasâb ‫ ﻗﻪﺳﺎب‬butcher
qast ‫ ﻗﻪﺳﺖ‬intention; la ~ intentionally
qat ‫ ﻗﻪت‬absolutely
qatl ‫ ﻗﻪﺗﻞ‬murder
qawân ‫ ﻗـــــــــــــﻪوان‬phonograph record; ~-
khwendinà gwe i … v.t. to harp on
the same theme to, to keep repeating
into s.o.’s ear
qawîl ‫ ﻗﻪوﯾﻞ‬accepted, acceptable
qawmân ‫ ﻗ ـﻪوﻣ ـﺎن‬qawme- ‰‫ ﻗ ـﻪوﻣ ـ‬v.i. la to
have something wrong or bad happen
to: wak ley naqawmâbe wâ bû it was
as though nothing bad had happened
to him
217
qawr ‫ ﻗﻪور‬grave, tomb
qaychî ‫ﯽ‬:‫ ﻗﻪ‬scissors
qayd ‫ ﻗـﻪﯾـﺪ‬impediment; link (in a chain);
~e nâkâ never mind, it doesn’t matter
qazâwat ‫ ﻗﻪزاوﻩت‬judgeship, judiciary
qâch ‫ ﻗــــــﺎچ‬leg; har ~èk kirdin ba duân
v.t. to run as fast as one can: kichá har
qâchèkî dakâ ba duân the girl runs as
fast as her legs will carry her; ~ khis-
tinà sar … v.t. to step on; ~ râ-
keshân v.t. to stretch out the legs
qâchâkh ‫ ﻗـــﺎ¸ـــﺎخ‬smuggling, contraband;
~chî ‫ ﻗﺎ¸ﺎﺧﭽﯽ‬smuggler
qâlî ‫ ﻗﺎﱃ‬carpet
qâmik ‫ ﻗﺎﻣﮏ‬finger, finger joint
qân ‫ ﻗـــﺎن‬qe- Õ v.i.: hał-~ da to get stuck
on: dâwenim d’ aw bizmârá hałqâ my
skirt got stuck on that nail
qâp ‫ ﻗﺎپ‬dish
qâpelk ‫ﻠﮏ‬²‫ ﻗﺎﭘ‬shell, hollow shell
qâpî ‫ﯽ‬Š‫ ﻗﺎﭘ‬door, gate
qâqaz ‫ ﻗﺎﻗﻪز‬paper
qâramân ‫ ﻗﺎرﻩﻣﺎن‬hero; ~î ‫ ﻗﺎرﻩﻣﺎﱏ‬heroism
qârch ‫ ﻗـﺎرچ‬mushroom; ~ik ‫ ﻗـﺎر¸ـﮏ‬mush-
room
qârpoz ‫ ﻗﺎرﭘﯚز‬saddlehorn
qârpuz ‫ ﻗﺎرﭘﻮز‬melon; lampshade
qât ‫ ﻗـﺎت‬time: hazâr ~ jwântir a thousand
times more beautiful
qâw1 ‫ ﻗـــــــــــــﺎو‬rumor; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to
spread a rumor
qâw2 ‫ ﻗﺎو‬dish, plate, container
qâwa ‫ ﻗﺎوﻩ‬coffee
qâwirma ‫ ﻗـــــــﺎورﻣـــــــﻪ‬meat fried in small
pieces
qâyil-bûn ba ‫ ﻗﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻮون ﺑﻪ‬v.i. to agree to
qâyim ‫ ﻗﺎﱘ‬: ba ~ quick, fast, hard
qâzân ‫ ﻗـﺎزان‬pot, cauldron; ~asar ‫ﻗـﺎزاﻧـﻪﺳـﻪر‬
bogey man
qâzânj ‫ ﻗـﺎزاﱋ‬profit; ~-kirdin v.t. to make
a profit
qâzî ‫ ﻗﺎزی‬cadi, Islamic judge
qez ‫ــﺰ‬Œ‫ ﻗ‬revulsion: ba ~ u bezawa with re-
pugnance
qiłâycha ‫ﻪ‬:Ë‫ ﻗ‬small fortress, castle
 SORANI KURDISH
qiłîshân ‫›ﺸـﺎن‬k‫ﻗ‬ ‫ ـ ـ ـ‬qiłîsh- ‫›ـﺶ‬k‫ﻗ‬
‫ ـ ـ‬v.i. to split;
dâ-~ to split from top to bottom
qiłîshândin ‫›ﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن‬k‫ﻗ‬ ‫ ـــ‬qiłîshen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫›ﺸ‬k‫ﻗ‬
‫ ـــ‬v.t.
to split, be split; dâ-~ to be split from
top to bottom
qilyân ‫ ﻗـــﻠـــﻴـــﺎن‬waterpipe, long-stemmed
smoking pipe
qing ‫ﮓ‬ž‫ ﻗ‬buttocks
qinj ‫ﺞ‬ž‫ ﻗ‬upright, upturned
qinyât ‫ﻴﺎت‬ž‫ ﻗ‬patience
qircha ‫ ﻗ ـﺮ¸ ـﻪ‬sound of cracking, splinter-
ing; ~-kirdin v.t. to splinter
qirchân ‫ ﻗ ـﺮ¸ ـﺎن‬v.i. to melt (fat over fire);
~-awa to sting, hurt; hał-~ to be
heated over fire, sizzle, shrivel up
qirchândin ‫ ﻗـﺮ¸ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬qirchen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ¸‫ ﻗـﺮ‬v.t. to
heat fat, grease; to make something
shrivel up over heat; ~-awa to cau-
terize
qirîwa ‫ ﻗﺮﯾﻮﻩ‬a shout for joy
qirtaqirt ‫ ﻗﺮﺗﻪﻗﺮت‬peep, chirp
qirtândin ‫ﻧـﺪن‬c‫ ﻗـﺮ‬qirten- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻗـ ﺗﺮـ‬v.t. to cut
(with scissors), to tear with the teeth;
to crack (seeds with the teeth)
qirzhâng ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﻗﺮژا‬crab
qisht ‫ ﻗﺸﺖ‬cute
qit-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﻗﺖ‬v.t. to eliminate
qizh ‫ ﻗﮋ‬hair (on the head)
qîbla ƒ‫ﻗ;ﺒـ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬the kiblah, the direction of Is-
lamic prayer
qîn ‫ ﻗﲔ‬spite
qîr ‫ ﻗــــــــﲑ‬tar, pitch; ~rezhî-kirdin v.t. to
cover with tar
qît ‫ ﻗـ;ـﺖ‬erect, in order; kho ~-kirdin v.t.
to put oneself in order, straighten one-
self up; ~ u zît ‫ ﻗـــ;ـــﺖوزﯾـــﺖ‬stylish; ~ u
qoz ‫ ﻗ;ﺖوﻗﯚز‬tall and elegant
qîzh Ã‫ ﻗـــ‬cry, scream; ~ândin ‫اﻧـــﺪن‬Ã‫ ﻗـــ‬qî-
zhen- ‫ﻦ‬¤Ã‫ ﻗ‬v.t. to scream
qol ‫ ﻗــــﯚل‬arm, sleeve; ~ hał-mâlân v.t. to
roll up one’s sleeves, get to work in
earnest
qonâgh ‫ = ﻗﯚ‡غ‬qonâkh
qonâkh ‫ ﻗـــــﯚ‡خ‬lodging, place to stay the
night; historical event
218
qoř ‫ ﻗﯚڕ‬nonsense
qořa ‫ ﻗﯚڕﻩ‬rumble, rumbling sound
qoztin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻗـﯚز‬qoz- ‫ ﻗـﯚز‬v.t.; ~awa to snatch
out of the air: topaká’m hałdâ, la ha-
wâ qoztîawa I threw the ball up and
he caught it in mid air
qsa ‫ ـﻗﺴـﻪ‬words, speech, story; ~-pe-birîn
v.t. to interrupt: ba tundî qsaká’m pe
biřî u gutim I quickly interrupted him
and said; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak, to tell
a story
qtâw = qutâb
qubûł ‫ = ﻗﻮﺑﻮوڵ‬qabûl
qula v‫ ﻗﻮ‬mountain peak
qułang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ﻪ‬T‫ ﻗﻮ‬crane (zoo.)
qułâkh ‫خ‬Ÿ‫ ﻗـﻮ‬sensitive (of the ear); gwe~
bûnawa v.i. to listen attentively
qułf ‫ﻒ‬T‫ ﻗﻮ‬lock; ~-kirdin v.t. to lock
qum ‫ ﻗـﻮم‬draught, drink: ~e âw a drink of
water
quř ‫ ﻗـﻮڕ‬mud; ba ~ girtin v.t. to seal with
mud: mâlit ba quř gîre “may your
house be mudded up,” damn you
qurbân ‫ ﻗـــﻮر¶ن‬sacrifice; (vocative) qúr-
bân sir, sire; ~î-kirdin labar pe i
…dâ v.t. to sacrifice for the sake of
qurchândin ‫ ﻗـﻮر¸ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬qurchen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ¸‫ ﻗـﻮر‬v.t.
to swallow; dâ-~ to swallow, gulp
down
qurg ‫ ﻗﻮرگ‬throat
qurosh ‫ ﻗﻮرۆش‬piastre
quřqushim ‫ ﻗﻮڕﻗﻮﴌ‬lead (metal)
qurs ‫ ﻗﻮرس‬heavy, weighty
qursh ‫ ﻗﻮرش‬footstool of a throne
qurwâq ‫ ﻗﻮرواق‬frog
qut ‫ ﻗﻮت‬short, brief
qutâb ‫ب‬c‫ ﻗـــــــﻮ‬book; ~î ‫ﰉ‬c‫ ﻗـــــــﻮ‬student;
~khâna ‫ﲞﺎﻧﻪ‬c‫ ﻗﻮ‬school
qutân ‫ن‬c‫ ﻗـﻮ‬qute- ì‫ ﻗـﻮ‬v.t. to beat, strike,
hit
qutîla ƒ‫ ﻗﻮﺗﻴ‬small box; small lamp
qûchândin ‫ ﻗ ـﻮو¸ ـﺎﻧ ـﺪن‬qûchen- ‫ ـﻦ‬Œ‫= ﻗ ـﻮو¸ ـ‬
qûjândin
qûjândin ‫ ﻗـﻮو•ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬qûjen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﻗـﻮو•ـ‬v.t. to
close together (eyes, fingers)
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
qûł ‫ ﻗــــﻮوڵ‬deep; ~âî ‫ﰃ‬Ÿ‫ ﻗــــﻮو‬depth: la ~ i
dilawa kâr’î kirdûa he labored from
the bottom of his heart; ~î ‫ﯽ‬T‫ ﻗﻮو‬depth
qûłîna ‫ﻴﻨﻪ‬T‫ ﻗﻮو‬fruit basket
qûn ‫ ﻗـﻮون‬anus, butt; ~ i qalam ‫م‬v‫ﻗـﻮوﱏ ﻗـﻪ‬
stub of a pencil
Qûstantaniya ‫ ـﺘ ـﻪﻧ ـﺘ ـﻪﻧ ـﻴ ـﻪ‬8‫ ﻗ ـﻮوﺳ ـ‬Constanti-
nople
rachałak ‫ــﻪک‬T‫ رﻩ¸ــﻪ‬root; ~-birînawa v.t.
to uproot, eradicate
rachâw ‫ رﻩ¸ــــﺎو‬observation; ~-kirdin v.t.
to observe
rafîq ‫ رﻩﻓ;ﻖ‬friend, comrade
rag ‫ رﻩگ‬vein, root
ragaz ‫ رﻩﮔـﻪز‬origin, race; ~âyatî ‫زﻩﮔـﻪزاﯾـﻪﰏ‬
racism
rahanda ‫ رﻩﻫﻪﻧﺪﻩ‬wanderer, nomad
rakhsân ‫ رﻩﺧ ـﺴ ـﺎن‬rakhse- ‰‫ رﻩﺧ ـﺴ ـ‬v.i. to
come into existence
rakhsândin ‫ﺧﺴـﺎﻧـﺪن‬ ‫ رﻩ ـ‬rakhsen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﺧﺴ‬
‫رﻩ ـ ـ‬
v.t. to bring about accidentally
rama ‫ رﻩﻣـــــﻪ‬herd; ~kî common, ordinary
(people), of the common herd
rang1 ‫ـــــــﮓ‬s‫ رﻩ‬color; ~-dân da/la to hap-
pen to; ~-dânawa to bleed (as color
onto a fabric); ~dânawa i … bûn v.i.
to be in accordance with; ~-hałbizir-
kân v.i. to lose color, go pale; ~hałbi-
zirkâw ‫ـﱫرﰷو‬T‫ـﮓﻫـﻪ‬s‫ رﻩ‬pale, “white as a
sheet” (with fright); ~în ‫ﮕﲔ‬s‫ رﻩ‬colorful
rang2 ‫ ـﮓ‬s‫ رﻩ‬possible; ~ a ka ‫ ـﮕ ـﻪ ﮐ ـﻪ‬s‫( رﻩ‬+
subj.) it’s possible that
ranj ‫ رﻩﱋ‬pain, suffering; ~-dân to take
pains; to go to trouble; to suffer
raq ‫ رﻩق‬stiff; ~ hał-hâtin v.i. to be
frozen stiff; ~-kirdin v.t. to freeze; ~-
u-hîshk i sar ‫ رﻩقوﻫ›ﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﻪر‬madness
raqan ‫ رﻩﻗﻪن‬hard, stoney ground
rasan ‫ رﻩﺳﻪن‬pure, pure-blooded
rash ‫ رﻩش‬black; ~abâ ¶‫ رﻩﺷـــﻪ‬dust storm;
~mâl ‫ رﻩﺷــــﲈڵ‬black tent, nomadic tent;
~posh ‫ﭙﯚش‬8‫ رﻩﺷ‬clad in black
rashama ‫ رﻩﺷـــــﻪﻣـــــﻪ‬the month of Pisces
(February 20– March 20)
219
rat-dânawa ‫ رﻩت داﻧﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to rouse
rawand ‫ رﻩوﻩﻧﺪ‬nomad
rawâ-dîtin ‫ رﻩوا دﯾﱳ‬v.t. to allow
rawg ‫ رﻩوگ‬herd: ~ a asp herd of horses
rawisht ‫ رﻩوﺷﺖ‬manner
rawîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ رﻩو‬v.i. to shy, run away
razâ ‫ رﻩزا‬face, mien, aspect; ~girân dul-
lard
razâmandî ‫ رﻩزاﻣـﻪﻧـﺪی‬agreement, accept-
ance
razbar ‫ رﻩزﺑــــــﻪر‬the month of Libra (Sep-
tember 23–October 22)
razîl ‫ رﻩزﯾــــــﻞ‬stingy, tightfisted; ~î stingi-
ness
râ ‫ را‬view, opinion
râ- ‫ را‬cmpd. vb. agent; see under the ver-
bal element: râ-bwârdin, râ-girtin, râ-
hâtin, râ-henân, râ-keshân, râ-wastân
râ-bûn ‫ راﺑـﻮون‬to be awakened, roused; la
khaw ~ to be roused from sleep
râbirdû ‫ را–ـــﺮدوو‬last, past: rozh i shamma
i ~ last Saturday; la chand sada i ~’dâ
over the last several centuries
râburdû ‫ = راﺑﻮردوو‬râbirdû
râ-chanîn, la khaw ‫ـﻪو را¸ـﻪﻧـﲔ‬L v to wake
from sleep with a start
râchâw-kirdin ‫ـــﺮدن‬B ‫ را¸ـــﺎو‬v.t. to choose,
select, elect
râda ‫ رادﻩ‬degree, extent: tâ ~yèk to an
extent; tâ chi ~yèk to what extent?
râgayândin ‫ﻧﺪن‬p‫ﮔﻪ‬ä‫ ر‬communications
râhat ‫ راﻫﻪت‬comfortable
râhî ‫ راﻫﯽ‬solution; salvation
râ-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬Bä‫ ر‬v.t. to run
râmyâr ‫ راﻣــــــــ;ــــــــﺎر‬shepherd, herdsman;
statesman, politician
rân1 ‫ ران‬herd
rân2 ‫ ران‬leg, thigh
rândin ‫ راﻧــــــﺪن‬ren- ‫ــــــﻦ‬¤‫ ر‬v.t. to drive; to
throw (stones)
râspârda ‫ﭙﺎردﻩ‬8‫ راﺳ‬errand, charge
râsperî ‫ﺮی‬Œ‫ﭙ‬8‫ راﺳ‬charge, commission
râst ‫ راﺳـﺖ‬right, correct, true; ~-bûnawa
to get up; ~-bûnawa la to loom over;
~aqîna ‫ﻗ;ﻨـﻪ‬ ‫ﺘـﻪ ـ ـ‬8‫ﺳ‬
‫ را ــ‬truth: ~y bo darkawt
 SORANI KURDISH
the truth dawned on him; ~awkho
‫ــــــﺘـــﻪوﺧـــﯚ‬8 ‫ راﺳ‬straight, direct: ~ biro go
straight ahead; ba ~î ‫ ـﱴ‬8‫ ﺑ ـﻪراﺳ ـ‬actually,
really, frankly; dast i ~ right hand; ~î
‫ﱴ‬8‫ راﺳ‬truth
râtib ‫ راﺗـــــــــﺐ‬salary, stipend: ~ dadre ba
darskhwen u kârkar i dawlat stipends
are given to students and government
workers
râtu(a) ‫ راﺗﻮ‬theological student’s stipend
râva-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ راوﻩ‬v.t. to explain
râw ‫ راو‬prey, hunt; ~-kirdin v.t. to hunt;
~-nân v.t. to hunt down, track down:
polîs râwî nây the police tracked you
down; ~ařewî-henân bo ‫ـــﺎن‬ ‫ﻨ‬²‫ـﻮی ﻫ‬l‫راوﻩڕ‬
‫ ﺑـﯚ‬v.t. to foxhunt; to sidetrack; ~ashaw
‫ راوﻩﺷـــﻪو‬night hunt; ~chî ‫ راوﭼـــﯽ‬hunter,
out hunting; ~kar ‫ راوﮐــــﻪر‬hunter; ~- u-
shikâr ‫ راووﺷﲀر‬hunting
râwezh ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ راو‬speaking (lagał with), man-
ner of speaking
rây ‫ رای‬idea, plan
râyakh ‫ راﯾﻪخ‬rug
râz ‫ راز‬conversation; story
râz|ân ‫ رازان‬râze- ‫ رازێ‬v.i. to be embel-
lished; ~ândin ‫ رازاﻧــﺪن‬râzen- ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ راز‬v.t.
to embellish; ~ândinawa ‫ رازاﻧـــﺪﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬to
adorn, embellish
râzâwa ‫ رازاوﻩ‬embellished, decorated
râzî ‫ رازی‬satisfied, content; lakho~
‫ﺧﯚڕازی‬v self-satisfied
re ‫ رێ‬way, road; ~-dân v.t. to admit,
allow in; ~-girtin v.t. to commit high-
way robbery; ~-kawtin la to chance
upon: ~m l’ aw jegâyá kawt I chanced
upon that place; ~ te-chûn to be pos-
sible; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to escort out/
away; ba ~wa birdin v.t. to lead,
manage, administer; ba ~wa kawtin
to get under way, hit the road; birdi-
nà ba ~wa to carry out, execute; la ~ i
‫ﻰ‬Šl‫ ر‬v by way of, through, via
rebandân ‫ﺒــﻪﻧـﺪان‬l‫ ر‬the month of Aquarius
(January 21– February 19)
rebar ‫ـﺒﻪر‬l‫ ر‬leader, guide
220
rebwâr ‫ـﺒﻮار‬l‫ ر‬wayfarer
rechâł ‫ﺎڵ‬Âl‫ر‬, rechâr ‫ﺎر‬Âl‫ ر‬marmalade
rechka ‫ﭽﮑـﻪ‬l ‫ ر ـ ـ‬path of a swarm of insects;
~-bastin v.t. to swarm (of insects); ~
hał-kirdin v.t. to send out a swarm
rega ‫ـﮕـﻪ‬¤‫ ر‬road, way; la ~ i…awa via; ~-
girtin ba v.t. to stop, make halt: pâsa-
wân rega’yân pe girt the guards
stopped him; ~-kutân v.t. to travel;
regâ ‫ﮕﺎ‬¤‫ ر‬road; ~ i âsin railroad;
regir ‫ﮕﺮ‬¤‫ ر‬highway robber, bandit
rek ‫ــــﮏ‬¤‫ ر‬smooth, organized, correct; ~-
kawtin v.i. to go well, to be smoothly;
~-kawtin lagał v.i. to arrange with; ~-
khistin v.t. to rub together; to organ-
ize; to make up; to make a truce; ~-
kirdin v.t. to smooth, arrange; ~kew-
tin arrangement, agreement; ~-u-pek
‫ﮏ‬²‫ﮏوﭘ‬¤‫ ر‬arranged, in order
rekawt ‫ــــﮑــــﻪوت‬¤‫ ر‬chance, accident: ba ~
by chance, by accident
renwen ‫ـــﻦ‬¤‫ـــﻨـــﻮ‬l‫ ر‬leader; ~î-kirdin v.t. to
lead
reřaw ‫ﻩو‬g‫ـــــــــ‬¤‫ ر‬crossroads; chance: ba ~
tûshî bûm I met him by chance
resh ‫ﺶ‬â‫ ر‬wound, wounded
reushwen ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ رێ و ﺷﻮ‬way
rewân ‫ﻮان‬l‫ ر‬guide
rewî ‫ﻮی‬l‫ ر‬fox
rez1 ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ = ر‬rîz
rez2 ‫ــــﺰ‬¤‫ ر‬respect; ~-girtin la v.t. to show
respect for; ~legîrâw ‫ــــﮕــــﲑاو‬²‫ــــﺰﻟــــ‬¤‫ ر‬re-
spected; ba~ ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ﺑﻪر‬respected, eminent
rez-3 ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ر‬pres. stem of ristin
reza ‫ـــــﺰﻩ‬¤‫ ر‬bit, little bit; la ~ i ...dâ equal
to: kichim la reza i kuř i aw’dâya my
daughter is equal to his son
rezh- ‫ﮋ‬¤‫ ر‬pres. stem of rishtin
rezmân ‫ـﺰﻣـﺎن‬¤‫ ر‬grammar; ~î ‫ـﺰﻣـﺎﱏ‬¤‫ ر‬gram-
matical
ridenspî ‫ﯽ‬Š‫ﭙ‬8‫ﺴ‬Àl‫ رد‬elder
rif ‫ رف‬shelf
rifḥa ‫ = رﲿﻪ‬rif
rikef ‫ﻒ‬²‫ رﮐ‬stirrup
rim ‫ رم‬spear
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
rimândin ‫ رﻣــــﺎﻧــــﺪن‬rimen- ‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ رﻣــــ‬v.t. to
destroy
rinân ‫ر‡ن‬: dâ-~ v.t. to shed (skin,
clothes)
rinîn ‫ ﻧرـــــﲔ‬v.t. to scratch with the finger-
nails; ~-awa ditto; qizh-~awa to pull
the hair out
riq ‫ رق‬spite, spitefulness; ~abar ‫رﻗــــﻪﺑــــﻪر‬
spiteful rival; ~abarâyatî ‫رﻗـــﻪﺑـــﻪراﯾـــﻪﰏ‬
spiteful rivalry
rishqanjâr ‫ رﺷﻘﻪﳒﺎر‬butt of a joke
rishtin ‫ رﺷـﱳ‬rezh- ‫ـﮋ‬¤‫ ر‬v.t. to pour; ~awa
‫ـﻪوﻩ‬ž‫ـ‬n‫ رﺷـ‬to pour, cast (metal), to stir up
trouble; dâ-~ = dâ-rizhândin; hał-~
to shed (tears)
rist ‫ رﺳﺖ‬line, dog collar
rista ‫ﺘﻪ‬8‫ رﺳ‬noodle; sentence
ristin ‫ رﺳﱳ‬rez- ‫ﺰ‬¤‫ ر‬v.t. to spin (thread)
riwân ‫ روان‬v.i. to be green (of a field)
riwâłat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ روا‬mien
rizân ‫ رزان‬v.i. to rot; dâ-~ to be over-
cooked; to rot and fall to pieces
rizândin ‫ رزاﻧــﺪن‬rizen- ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ رز‬v.t. to make/
let rot
rizgâr ‫ رزﮔـﺎر‬saved, rescued; ~-bûn v.i. to
be saved, to escape: rizgâryân bû they
were saved, they escaped; ~-kirdin
v.t. to rescue, to save: tanyâ to dat-
wânî l’ am balâyá rizgârmân bikay
only you can save us from this catas-
trophe; ~î salvation, liberation, res-
cue; ~îkhwâz ‫ رزﮔــــﺎرﳜــــﻮاز‬liberationist;
~kar ‫ رزﮔﺎرﮐﻪر‬rescuer, savior
rizhân ‫ رژان‬v.i. to pour out, be poured
out; dâ-~ to pour down, fall down
rizhândin ‫ رژاﻧـﺪن‬rizhen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ رژ‬v.t. to pour
out; dâ-~ to pour, mold; lay (founda-
tion)
rizhdî ‫ رژدی‬miserliness, stinginess
rizhtin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ = رژ‬rishtin
rîkordar ‫ﮑﯚردﻩر‬a‫ ر‬tape recorder
rîqna ‫ﻪ‬ž‫ رﯾﻘ‬bird droppings
rîsh ‫ ر§ﺶ‬beard; ~-tâshîn v.t. to shave
rîsha ‫ ر§ﺸﻪ‬root
rîz1 ‫ﺰ‬a‫ ر‬small, tiny
221
rîz2 ‫ــﺰ‬a‫ ر‬line, rank: rîz i lashkir i duzhmin
enemy army ranks; ~-kirdin v.t. to
line up, arrange
ro ‫ = رۆ‬rozh
rochin ‫ رۆﭼــــــﻦ‬window, skylight: ~akán
bikaynawa let’s open the windows
roła ‫ﻪ‬T‫ رۆ‬child
român ‫ رۆﻣﺎن‬story
ron ‫ رۆن‬oil, grease, fat
roshin ‫ رۆﺷـﻦ‬bright; ~bîr ‫ـﲑ‬Ò‫ـﻨـ‬8‫ رۆﺷـ‬intel-
lectual, enlightened; ~-kirdin v.t. to
light, turn on, start (machines)
Rostam ‫ــــﺘــﻪم‬8 ‫ رۆﺳ‬Rustam, the legendary
champion of Iran
royshtin ‫ رۆ§ــﺸــﱳ‬ro- ‫ رۆ‬v.i. to go (away,
off), leave
rozh ‫ رۆژ‬day; ~âna ‫ رۆژاﻧ ـﻪ‬daily; ~(h)alât
‫ت‬Ÿ‫ رۆژﻫـــﻪ‬east, orient, dawn: rozhałât i
nâwrâst the Middle East; ~hałâtnâs
‫ﺗـــــﻨـــــﺎس‬Ÿ‫ روژﻫـــــﻪ‬orientalist; ~âwâ ‫رۆژاوا‬
west; ~èkyân ‫ ـﮑ ـ; ـﺎن‬¤‫ رۆژ‬one day; ~nâ-
ma ‫ رۆژ‡ﻣـــــــــــﻪ‬newspaper; ~nâmanûs
‫ رۆژ‡ﻣﻪﻧﻮوس‬journalist
rozhgâr ‫ رۆژﮔــــــــــــــﺎر‬days, time: la ~ân i
kon’dâ in olden times; fate
rozhû ‫ رۆژوو‬fasting; ~-girtin to fast
rukhân ‫ـــــــــﺎن‬L‫ رو‬rukhe- ‰‫ روﺧـــــــــ‬v.i. to
collapse
rukhândin ‫ـﺎﻧـﺪن‬L‫ رو‬rukhen- ‫ـﻦ‬ŒL ‫ رو ـ‬v.t. to
destroy, pull down
rukhsat ‫ روﺧ ـﺴ ـﻪت‬permission; ~-dân v.t.
to give permission; ~-khwâstin la v.t.
to request permission of
rukhsâr ‫ روﺧﺴﺎر‬face
runâk ‫ = رو‡ک‬rûnâk
ruwâłat ‫ــــﻪت‬T‫ روا‬obviousness; hypocrisy;
ba ~ obviously
rû ‫ روو‬face, aspect, mien; ~-dân v.t. to
happen, occur; ~-dân ba yek v.t. to
frown; ~-kirdin rwaw v.t. to face,
turn toward; ~-kirdinà … to face,
head for (s.o., s.th.); ~ ba ~ i face to
face with, opposite; ~ i dam kirdinà
… v.t. to turn to face …; ba ~ kho’dâ
henân to reveal; khistinà ~ v.t. to
 SORANI KURDISH
bring to light, to reveal; l’ am ~áwa v
‫ مرووﻩوﻩ‬in this respect
rûbâr ‫ روو¶ر‬river
rûdiřâw ‫ روودڕاو‬event
rûdâw ‫ رووداو‬event, incident
rûgirzh ‫ رووﮔﺮژ‬frowning
rûkândin ‫ رووﰷﻧـــﺪن‬rûken- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ رووﮐـــ‬v.t. to
scratch
rûkâr ‫ رووﰷر‬cover
rûkhosh ‫ رووﺧـــــﯚش‬cheerful; ~î cheerful-
ness
rûmat ‫ رووﻣﻪت‬cheek
rûn ‫ روون‬bright, clear; ~-kirdin v.t. to
explain
rûnâk ‫ روو‡ک‬bright; ~bîr ‫ـــﺒـــﲑ‬B‡‫ روو‬intel-
lectual; ~î ‫ روو‡ﰽ‬brightness
rûpař ‫ رووﭘﻪڕ‬page
rûshân ‫ رووﺷـــﺎن‬v.i. to be scratched; ~din
‫ رووﺷﺎﻧﺪن‬rûshen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ رووﺷ‬v.t. to scratch
rût ‫ رووت‬naked; ~al ‫ رووﺗـــــــﻪل‬naked; ~alî
‫ رووﺗﻪﱃ‬nakedness
rûtâł ‫ڵ‬c‫ روو‬frowning, with a sour
expression
rûtan ‫ رووﺗﻪن‬wasteland, desert
rwaw ‫ روﻩو‬toward
rwân ‫ روان‬rwe- ‫ روێ‬v.i. to grow, sprout:
tokaî chândim rwâ the seed I planted
sprouted; ~ga ‫ ـﮕ ـﻪ‬s‫ روا‬standpoint, view-
point
rwânîn ‫ رواﻧــــــﲔ‬v.t. to look; ~à ... to look
at: rwânîyânà min they looked at me;
hał-~ ba to look something over from
top to bottom, to give s.o. the “once-
over”
sa ‫ = ﺳﻪ‬sag
sa‘ât ‫ ﺳـﻪ`ـﺎت‬hour, clock, o’clock: la ~ (i)
chwâr-dâ at four o’clock
sabârat ba ‫ ﺳـﻪ¶رﻩت ﺑـﻪ‬concerning, about,
in terms of
sabîl ‫ ﺳﻪﺑﻴﻞ‬tobacco pipe
sad ‫ ﺳﻪد‬hundred; ~a century
safar ‫ ﺳﻪﻓﻪر‬trip; ~-kirdin v.t. to travel
sag ‫ ﺳــــــﻪگ‬dog; ~ i pe-sûtâw wandering
aimlessly
222
sagasaga-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺳــﻪﮔــﻪﺳــﻪﮔــﻪ‬v.t. to
play ’possum
saghlat ‫ت‬ƒ‫ ﺳــﻪ™ــ‬confused, perplexed; ~î
‫ﰏ‬ƒ™‫ ﺳﻪ‬confusion
saḥrâ ‫ ﺳﻪﺣﺮا‬field
sakht ‫ ﺳﻪﺧﺖ‬hard, difficult
sako ‫ ﺳﻪﮐﯚ‬bench
sakta ‫ﮐﺘـﻪ‬‫ ﺳـﻪ ـ‬heart attack; ~-kirdin v.t. to
have a heart attack
sałâ Ÿ‫ ﺳـــــﻪ‬resurrection; ro i ~ Ÿ‫رۆى ﺳـــــﻪ‬
doomsday
salâmat ‫ ﺳـــﻪﻻﻣـــﻪت‬healthy; ~î health; ba
~î in good health
sałmândin ‫ـﲈﻧـﺪن‬T‫ ﺳـﻪ‬sałmen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ﻤ‬T‫ ﺳـﻪ ـ‬v.t. to
prove, to accept
sałmenrân ‫ـﲊان‬²‫ﻤ‬T ‫ ﺳـﻪ ـ ـ‬sałmenre- ‫ـﲊێ‬²‫ﻤ‬T
‫ﺳـﻪ ـ ـ‬
v.p. to be proven
sałp ‫ـﭗ‬T‫ ﺳـﻪ‬oar; ~ândin ‫ـﭙـﺎﻧـﺪن‬T‫ ﺳـﻪ‬salpen-
‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ﭙ‬T‫ ﺳﻪ‬v.t. to row
sałt ‫ــــﺖ‬T‫ ﺳــــﻪ‬single, unmarried; ~azalâm
‫ﺘﻪزﻩﻻم‬T‫ ﺳﻪ‬a solitary traveler on foot
samar ‫ ﺳﻪﻣﻪر‬fruit
samara ‫ ﺳــﻪﻣــﻪرﻩ‬amazing: shitèk i sayr u
~ya it’s something amazing; toil
samâ ‫ ﺳﻪﻣﺎ‬dance; ~-kirdin v.t. to dance
samâs ‫ ﺳﻪﻣﺎس‬patient, calm
samâwar ‫ ﺳﻪﻣﺎوﻩر‬samovar
sandin ‫ ﺳ ـﻪﻧ ـﺪن‬sen- ‫ ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺳ ـ‬v.t. to take, take
hold of, get, buy
sangân ‫ـــﮕـــﺎن‬s‫ ﺳـــﻪ‬sange- ‰‫ـــﮕـــ‬s‫ ﺳـــﻪ‬v.i. to
weigh; ~din ‫ﮕـﺎﻧـﺪن‬s‫ ﺳـﻪ ـ‬sangen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﮕ‬s ‫ﺳـﻪ ـ ـ‬
v.t. to weigh, evalute; hał-~din to
evaluate, assess
sangîn ‫ﮕﲔ‬s‫ ﺳﻪ‬heavy
sannalî ‫ ﺳﻪﻧﻨﻪﱃ‬chair
sapân ‫ ﺳـــﻪﭘـــﺎن‬v.i. to be imposed, forced;
~din ‫ ﺳـﻪﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬sapen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺳـﻪﭘـ‬v.t. to im-
pose
saqat ‫ ﺳ ـﻪﻗ ـﻪت‬dangerous: pyâwèk i saqat
a— nâwerim bichimà lây he’s a dan-
gerous man—I don’t dare go near him
Saqiz ‫ ﻗــــــﻪﻗــــــﺰ‬Saqqez, a town in Iranian
Kurdistan
saqâ ‫ ﺳﻪﻗﺎ‬watercarrier, waterseller
sar ‫ ﺳـﻪر‬head (verbal expressions involv-
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
ing sar are given below; for all other
compounds, see alphabetically): ~ âw
chûnawa v.i. to go to the bathroom; ~
bilind-kirdinawa v.t. to rebel; ~ dâ-
nwândin ba to bow the head to; la ~
dân v.t. to decapitate; ~ dar-henân
v.t. to appear: gyâ sar’î darhenâwa
the plants have appeared; to stick the
head out: sar’î la panjara darhenâ
she stuck her head out of the window;
~ kho hâtin v.i. to recover; ~ la far-
mân i … hał-pechân to disobey; ~ la
re dân v.t. to disappoint: sar’mân la
re’t dâya you’ve disappointed us; ~-
birdin v.t. to spend (time); ~ cha-
mândin v.t. to lower the head, to give
up, submit; ~-dar-chûn la v.i. to
understand: sarim le darnâche I don’t
understand; ~-dâ-nawândin v.t. to
lower the head; ~-dân la v.t. to visit,
go to see; ~-gum-kirdin v.t. to get
excited; ~-hał-girtin v.t. to break the
reins; ~-keshân v.t. to peek; ~ khis-
tinà ~ v.t. to tease: saryân khistà sar-
mân they teased us; ~-khulânawa v.i.
to be dizzy; kirdinà ~… v.t. to im-
pose on, charge with: pâshâ dakâtà
sar âshawân kichaká’y bidâtè the
king forces the miller to give him his
daughter; ba ~ kirdinawa v.t. to visit;
~ le-shewân v.i. to be helpless, in dis-
tress; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay one’s head
down (to sleep): dabûâya sarî be
shew binetawa he would have had to
lay his head down without supper;
~pechî-kirdin v.t. to be obstinate; ~-
spârdin ba v.t. to rely totaly upon:
sar’im pe daspere she relies totally
upon me; ~-tâshîn v.t. to have a hair-
cut; ~udar dar-kirdin la v.t. to un-
derstand: l’ am kârá sarudar darnâ-
kam I don’t understand this; ba ~
hâtin v.i. to happen; birdinà ~ v.t. to
spend (time); hâtinà ~ v.i. to think, to
come to mind: hâtûtà sarim bichim bo
223
shâr it has come to my mind to go to
town
sarabahâr ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩﺑﻪﻫﺎر‬beginning of spring
sarak ‫ ﺳــــــــــــﻪرﻩک‬head, chief, president:
sarak wazîrân prime minister; ~î
‫ ﺳﻪرﻩﰽ‬main, chief
sar’anjâm ‫ ﺳﻪرﺋﻪﳒﺎم‬in the end, finally
sarařâ i ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩڕای‬in addition to
sarařo ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩڕۆ‬headstrong
saratâ c‫ ﺳﻪرﻩ‬beginning
sarawa ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩوﻩ‬upward
sarawgird ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩوﮔﺮد‬guardian (of a child)
sarawkhwâr ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩوﺧﻮار‬headed down
sarawzher ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ ﺳﻪرﻩوژ‬headed down
sarawzhûr ‫ ﺳﻪرﻩوژوور‬headed up
sarâ ‫ ﺳﻪرا‬government building
sarâpâ ‫ ﺳـــــﻪراﭘـــــﺎ‬from head to foot, com-
pletely
sarâw ‫ ﺳﻪراو‬spring
sarbadarawa ‫ ﺳــــﻪرﺑــــﻪدﻩرﻩوﻩ‬well-known,
famous
sarbakho ‫ ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪﺧـﯚ‬independent; ~î inde-
pendence
sarbaraw|zher(a) (‫ـﺮ)ه‬¤‫ ﺳـﻪرﺑـﻪرﻩوژ‬headed
down; ~zhûr(a) ‫ ﺳـــﻪرﺑـــﻪرﻩوژوورﻩ‬headed
up
sarbarz ‫ ﺳــــﻪرﺑــــﻪرز‬honorable, respected,
with one’s head held high
sarbast ‫ ﺳـــﻪرﺑـــﻪﺳـــﺖ‬free, independent; ~î
freedom, independence
sarbân ‫ ﺳﻪر¶ن‬roof
sarbâz ‫ ﺑﻪر¶ز‬soldier; ~î military
sarbilind ‫ ﺳﻪرﺑﻠﻨﺪ‬proud
sarbiř g‫ ﺳــــــﻪر–ــــــ‬shortcut: ~ royshtim, zû
gayshtim I took a shortcut and got
here early
sarburd ‫ ﺳﻪرﺑﻮرد‬adventure
sarbûrî ‫ ﺳﻪرﺑﻮوری‬adventure
sarchâwa ‫ ﺳــــــﻪر¸ــــــﺎوﻩ‬source, spring; ~-
girtin la v.t. to originate with
sarchopî ‫ﯽ‬Š‫ ﺳـــﻪرﭼـــﯚﭘـــ‬leadership of a ring
dance
sardam ‫ ﺳـﻪردﻩم‬moment; ~è(k) ‫ﺳـﻪردﻩ ـﻣ´ـﮏ‬
all at once; ~î ‫ ﺳﻪردﻩﻣﯽ‬temporary
sardast ‫ ﺳـﻪردﻩﺳـﺖ‬sleeve; ~akî ‫ﺘــﻪﰽ‬8‫ﺳـﻪردﻩﺳـ‬
 SORANI KURDISH
standing (doing something normally
done seated or lying down): ~ tifang’î
hâwîsht he fired the rifle standing
sardân i ‫ ﺳﻪرداﱏ‬visit to
sardâr ‫ ﺳﻪر¶ر‬leader, chief
saren ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﺳﻪر‬lifetime
saresha ‫ﺸـﻪ‬â‫ﺳـﻪر ـ‬, sareshân ‫ﺸـﺎن‬â‫ ﺳـﻪر ـ‬head-
ache
sargardânî ‫ ﺳﻪرﮔﻪرداﱏ‬perplexity
sargarmkar ‫ ﺳﻪرﮔﻪرﻣﮑﻪر‬amusing
sargirân ‫ ﺳﻪرﮔﺮان‬lazy, drunk
sargurushta ‫ﺘﻪ‬8‫ ﺳﻪرﮔﻮروﺷ‬adventure
sarhât ‫ ﺳﻪرﻫﺎت‬event
sarinj ‫ ﺳــــــﻪرﱋ‬scrutiny, investigation; ~-
dân la to scrutinize, investigate close-
ly; ~ râ-keshan v.t. to attract the at-
tention; ~râkesh ‫ﺶ‬Œ‫ﮐ‬ä‫ ﺳﻪرﳒﺮ‬attractive
sarîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﺳﻪر‬pillow
sarjam ‫ ﺳ ـﻪر• ـﻪم‬collection, ensemble, al-
together; ba ~ together with; ~gal ‫ﺳـــﻪ‬
‫ ر¸ﻪﻣﮕﻪل‬community
sarkawtû ‫ ﺳـــﻪرﮐـــﻪوﺗـــﻮو‬successful, having
attained one’s desire, having made an
achievement; ~âna ‫ ﺳـﻪرﮐـﻪوﺗـﻮواﻧـﻪ‬trium-
phantly
sarkhosh ‫ ﺳﻪرﺧﯚش‬drunk
sarkird|a ‫ـﺮدﻩ‬B‫ ﺳـﻪر‬commander, leader; ~aî
‫ـﺮدﻩﰃ‬B‫ ﺳـﻪر‬leadership, command; ~âyatî
‫ﺮداﯾﻪﰏ‬B‫ ﺳﻪر‬leadership
sarkomâr ‫ ﺳﻪرﮐﯚﻣﺎر‬president
sarkona ‫ ﺳﻪرﮐﯚﻧﻪ‬reproach, rebuke
sarkwer ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B‫ ﺳﻪر‬stupid
sarleshewâw ‫ﻮاو‬²8‫ﺸ‬Œ‫ ﺳﻪرﻟ‬distressed
sarmashq ‫ ﺳ ـﻪرﻣ ـﻪﺷ ـﻖ‬lesson; hâtinà ~ to
serve as an example
sarmâ ‫ ﺳـﻪرﻣـﺎ‬cold, coldness; ~-khwârdin
v.t. to catch cold
sarmâwaz ‫ ﺳـــﻪرﻣـــﺎوﻩز‬the month of Sagit-
tarius (November 22–December 21)
sarnâs ‫ ﺳﻪر‡س‬famous, well-known
sarok ‫ ﺳـــﻪرۆک‬leader; ~âyatî ‫ﺳـــﻪرۆﰷﯾـــﻪﰏ‬
leadership
sarparisht ‫ ﺳﻪرﭘﻪرﺷﺖ‬chief, head
sarpech ‫ﭻ‬²‫ ﺳﻪرﭘ‬obstinate, refractory
sarpiř gº‫ ﺳﻪر‬brimful
224
sarpot ‫ ﺳﻪرﭘﯚت‬desultory, superficial
sarqâp ‫ ﺳﻪرﻗﺎپ‬lid
sarqâfilachî ‰‫ﭼ‬ƒ‫ ﺳﻪرﻗﺎﻓ‬caravan leader
sarraq ‫ ﺳﻪررﻩق‬stubborn
sarrâ ‫ ﺳـﻪررا‬in addition; by the by; on the
way
sarrishta ‫ﺘﻪ‬8‫ ﺳﻪررﺷ‬expertise
sarrût ‫ ﺳﻪررووت‬bareheaded, schoolchild
sarsarî ‫ ﺳﻪرﺳﻪری‬flighty, empty-headed
sarsâm ‫ ﺳﻪرﺳﺎم‬perplexed, dumbfounded
sarshoř ‫ ﺳﻪرﺷﯚڕ‬humiliated
sarsuřmân ‫ ﺳـــﻪرﺳـــﻮڕﻣـــﺎن‬amazement: ba
sarsuřmânawa gutim I said with
amazement
sartâsh ‫ش‬c‫ ﺳـــــــﻪر‬barber; ~khâna ‫ﺳـــــــﻪ‬
‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬Ø‫ﺷ‬c‫ ر‬barbershop
sartop ‫ ﺳــــﻪﺗرــــﯚپ‬unrivaled (in beauty or
bravery): l’ am nâwá’dâ ~a he is
unrivaled in these parts
sarugwelâk ‫ﻼک‬l‫ ﺳﻪروﮔﻮ‬form, shape
sarwar ‫ ﺳﻪروﻩر‬leader; ~î leadership
saryek ‫ ﺳﻪرﯾﻪک‬altogether
sarzawî ‫ ﺳﻪرزﻩوی‬earth, land
sarzârakî ‫ ﺳﻪرزارﻩﰽ‬all talk and no action
sarzârî ‫ ﺳﻪرزاری‬talk, speech
sarzhimârî ‫ ﺳﻪرژﻣﺎری‬census
sawa ‫ ﺳﻪوﻩ‬basket
sawdâ ‫ ﺳــــﻪودا‬commerce, trade; love; ec-
zema; ~î ‫ ﺳـــــــﻪوداﰃ‬afflicted with ecze-
ma; violently in love
sawr ‫ ﺳــــــــــــﻪور‬slowly: ~ qsa bika speak
slowly
sawz ‫ ﺳﻪۆز‬green
say ‫ = ﺳﻪی‬sag
sayâra ‫رﻩ‬p‫ ﺳﻪ‬automobile
saydawân ‫ ﺳﻪﯾﺪﻩوان‬hunter
sayid ‫ ﺳـﻪﯾـﺪ‬sayyid, title borne by descen-
dants of the Prophet Muhammad
sayr ‫ـﺮ‬a‫ ﺳـﻪ‬strange, odd: ~a that’s odd; ~-
kirdin v.t. to look: sayr i amá ka look
at this!
sayrân ‫ـﺮان‬a‫ ﺳـﻪ‬outing, trip; ~gar ‫ﮕـﻪر‬s‫ـﺮا ـ‬a‫ﺳـﻪ‬
excursioner, tourist
sâ1 ‫ ﺳﺎ‬then, so
sâ2 ‫ ﺳـــــﺎ‬shadow; na bikay na bikhoy, har
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
tamâshâ i sâ i gardinî bikay you waffle; be seudû lekirdin ‫ و دوو‬‰‫ ﺳـــ‬/
wouldn’t be able to do anything or eat ‫ﮑﺮدن‬²‫ ﻟ‬without hesitation
anything, you’d just look at the shad- sebar ‫ﻪر‬mŒ‫ ﺳ‬shadow
ow of her neck (an expression for be- sedâra ‫ﺪارﻩ‬²8‫ ﺳ‬gallows
ing mesmerized by beauty) sełâw ‫و‬˲8‫ ﺳ‬flood, deluge
sâbûn ‫ ﺳﺎﺑﻮون‬soap sew ‫ﻮ‬²8‫ ﺳ‬apple
sâda ‫ ﺳﺎدﻩ‬simple shabaq ‫ ﺷــــﻪﺑــــﻪق‬dawn; ~-dân v.t. imprs.
sâgh ‫ ﺳـــﺎغ‬whole, hail, healthy; ~î ‫ﺳـــﺎﻏـــﯽ‬ for dawn to break: wirda wirda sha-
health; ~-bûnawa to reach a conclu- baqî dadâ little by little dawn was
sion, come to an end breaking
sâkâr ‫ ﺳ˜ﰷر‬straightforward shakat ‫ ﺷﻪﮐﻪت‬tired; ~î exhaustion
sâkhta ‫ﻪ‬µ‫ ﺳﺎﺧ‬fabricated, false shakând- ‫ = ﺷﻪﰷﻧﺪ‬shikând-
sâkhtimân ‫ن‬0‫ ﺳﺎﺧ‬building shakhs ‫ ﺷﻪﺧﺲ‬person, personage
sâł ‫ ﺳﺎڵ‬year; ~gâr a long period of time shałâł ‫ڵ‬Ÿ‫ ﺷــــــــــــــــــﻪ‬steeped; la khwen ~
sâm ‫ ﺳــــــــــــــﺎم‬fear: sâm’î le nîsht he was steeped in blood
gripped by fear; ~nâk ‫ــﺎک‬ž‫ ﺳـﺎﻣ‬frightful; shamcha ‫ﻪ‬Â‫ ﺷﻪﻣ‬match
ba~ ‫ ﺑــﻪﺳــﺎم‬fearful, terrible; piř~ ‫ﺳــﺎم‬g‫ــ‬º shamma ‫ ﺷﻪﳑﻪ‬Saturday
fearful, frightful shamshama ‫ ﺷـﻪ ـﻣﺸـﻪﻣـﻪ‬bat; ~kwera ‫ﺷـﻪ ـﻣﺸـﻪ‬
sâmâł ‫ ﺳﺎﻣﺎڵ‬clear (sky, weather) ‫ﺮﻩ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B‫ ﻣﻪ‬bat
sândin ‫ ﺳﺎﻧﺪن‬sen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ = ﺳ‬sitândin shan ‫ ﺷﻪن‬winnowing
sâqata ‫ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﺗﻪ‬tree trunk shap ‫ ﺷﻪپ‬slap
sârd ‫ ﺳـﺎرد‬cold; ~î coldness; ~î u garmî i shapoł ‫ ﺷﻪﭘﯚڵ‬wave
zhyân dîtin to have much experience shaq ‫ ﺷــــــــﻪق‬slap, kick; ~ hał-dân ba to
in life kick; ba ~ pe-kirdin to kick around:
sârghî ‫ ﺳﺎرﻏﯽ‬bandage ba shaq tarâten i hawshaká’yân pe
sâřezh ‫ـــﮋ‬¤‫ ﺳـــﺎڕ‬healed; ~-bûn v.i. to heal kirdim they kicked me all around the
(wound) courtyard; ~-birdin v.t. to crack, split;
Sâsânî ‫ ﺳﺎﺳﺎﱏ‬Sassanian to go to pieces, to fly into a rage
sât ‫ ﺳــــــــﺎت‬time, moment; la dwâ ~ i aw shaqa ‫ ﺷــــــﻪﻗــــــﻪ‬flutter, sound of a bird’s
rozhá in the aftermath of that day wing in flight; dân la ~ i bâl v.t. to
sâwân ‫ ﺳــــﺎوان‬sâw- ‫ ﺳــــﺎو‬v.t. to rub, wear flap the wings
down shaqâm ‫ ﺷﻪﻗﺎم‬street
sâwîlka ‫ ﺳﺎوﯾﻠﮑﻪ‬poor, beggarly shaqâw ‫ ﺷﻪﻗﺎو‬big step
sâya ‫ ﺳـﺎﯾـﻪ‬shadow; la ~ i ‫ ﺳـﺎﯾـﻪى‬v because shaqqa ‫ = ﺷﻪﻗﻘﻪ‬shaqa
of, on account of shař ‫ ﺷــــﻪڕ‬fight; ~-kirdin v.t. to fight; ~-
sâz ‫ ﺳـــــــــــــﺎز‬musical instrument; happy; nânawa v.t. to stir up war; ~ajwen-
wealthy; ready; baggage; ~inda ‫ﺎزـﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﺳـ ﻧ‬ kirdin dagal ‫ـﺮدن دﻩﮔـﻪڵ‬B ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﺷـﻪڕﻩﺟـﻮ‬v.t.
musician; ~-kirdin v.t. to construct; to exchange curses with; ~agařak ‫ﺷـــﻪ‬
~-krân la v.p. to be constructed of ‫ ڕﻩﮔـــــــــﻪڕﻩک‬war between city quarters,
sbayn|î ‫ﺒــﻪﯾـﲎ‬8‫ ﺳـ‬tomorrow; bo ~e >‫ﺒــﻪﯾـ‬8‫ﺑـﯚ ﺳـ‬ civil war; ~ânî ‫ ﺷﻪڕاﱏ‬hostile
the next morning, tomorrow morning sharm ‫ ﺷــــــــــــﻪرم‬shame, embarrassment:
sbene >Œ‫ﺒ‬8‫ = ﺳ‬sbaynî sharm girtimî I was embarrassed;
se ‰‫ ﺳـ‬three; ~ham ‫ـﻬـﻪم‬²‫ــ‬8 ‫ ﺳ‬third; ~sham- ~azâr ‫ ﺷﻪرﻣﻪزار‬embarrassed
ma ‫ﺸـﻪﳑـﻪ‬Œ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬Tuesday; ~-u-dû-(le) kir- sharwâł ‫ ﺷﻪرواڵ‬pants, trousers
din v.t. ‫ــﺮدن‬6 (‰‫ و دوو )ﻟــ‬‰‫ ﺳــ‬to hesitate, shash ‫ ﺷﻪش‬six; ~am ‫ ﺷﻪﺷﻪم‬sixth
225
 SORANI KURDISH
shatak-dân ‫ ﺷﻪﺗﻪک دان‬to tie up tight
shaw ‫ ﺷـــﻪو‬night; am~ ‫ ﺋـــﻪﻣـــﺸـــﻪو‬tonight;
~chara ‫ ﺷ ـﻪو¸ ـﻪرﻩ‬banquet; ~è ‫ ﺷ ـﻪوێ‬by
night; ~gâr ‫ ﺷﻪوﮔﺎر‬all night long
shaytân ‫ ﺷﻪﯾﺘﺎن‬Satan, the devil
shâ ‫ ﺷـﺎ‬king; ~nishîn ‫ﺸـﲔ‬ë‫ ﺷـﺎ ـ‬capital; ~rag
‫ ﺷﺎرﻩگ‬artery
shâbâł ‫ ﺷﺎ¶ڵ‬wing feather
shâd ‫ ﺷـﺎد‬happy; ~î joy, rejoicing; ~-bûn
v.i. to rejoice at seeing someone from
whom one has been separated
shâdimânî ‫ ﺷﺎدﻣﺎﱏ‬gaity, joy
shâgashka ‫ﺷﮑـﻪ‬ ‫ ﺷـ˜ﮔـﻪ ـ‬overjoyed, about to
faint from joy
shâhîd ‫ ﺷﺎﻫﻴﺪ‬witness
shâkh ‫ ﺷﺎخ‬mountain; horn
shâłîna ‫ﻴﻨﻪ‬T‫ ﺷﺎ‬a square of woolen cloth
shâłłâ Ë‫ــ‬T‫ ﺷــﺎ‬I wish (+ past cond.) shâłłâ
bíhâtîtâya I wish you had come
shân ‫ ﺷـــــــﺎن‬shoulder; ~-dânà bar v.t. to
undertake
shân-dân ‫ ﺷﺎن دان‬v.t. to show
shâno ‫ ﺷﺎﻧﯚ‬stage
shânâzî ‫ ﺷــﺎ‡زی‬pride; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to
take pride in
shâr ‫ ﺷــــﺎر‬city; ~azâ ‫ ﺷــــﺎرﻩزا‬urbane, citi-
fied; ~azâ la knowledgeable, expert
in; ~ângař ‫ــــﮕــــﻪڕ‬s‫ ﺷــــﺎرا‬world traveler;
~badar ‫ ﺷــــﺎرﺑــــﻪدﻩر‬exiled, driven from
town; ~istâniyatî ‫ﺘـﺎ ـﻧﻴـﻪﰏ‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ﺷـﺎر ــ‬civiliza-
tion; ~î ‫ ﺷـﺎری‬urban; ~ochka ‫ﺷـﺎرۆﭼـﮑـﻪ‬
town; ~oka ‫ ﺷﺎرۆﮐﻪ‬town
shârdin ‫ ﺷـــﺎردن‬shâr- ‫ﺷـــﺎر‬: ~-awa v.t. to
hide, conceal
shâro ‫ ﺷﺎرۆ‬a sheaf of reaped wheat
shât u shût ‫ ﺷﺎت و ﺷﻮوت‬bragging
shâyî ‫ = ﺷـــﺎﱙ‬shâdî; ~ u zamâwand kir-
din lagał to get married to
shena ‫ﻪ‬žŒ‫ ﺷ‬breeze; ~î patience, stealth
sher ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺷ‬lion; ~panja ‫ﺮﭘﻪﳒﻪ‬Œ‫ ﺷ‬cancer
shet ‫ــﺖ‬Œ‫ ﺷــ‬crazy; ~-bûn v.i. to go crazy;
~khâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬صŒ‫ ﺷ‬insane asylum
shew1 ‫ﻮ‬²8‫ ﺷ‬dinner, evening meal
shew2 ‫ﻮ‬²8‫ = ﺷ‬shîw
shewa ‫ـــــﻮﻩ‬²‫ــــــــــ‬
8 ‫ ﺷ‬style, manner; dialect;
226
~zwân ‫ﻮﻩزوان‬²8‫ ﺷ‬dialect
shewała ‫ﻪ‬T‫ﻮﻩ‬²8‫ ﺷ‬very small valley
shewân ‫ـﻮان‬²8‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ــ‬shewe- ‫ـﻮێ‬²8‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ــ‬v.i. to be in
distress; ~din ‫ـﻮاﻧـﺪن‬²8‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ــ‬shewen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ـﻮ‬²8‫ﺷ‬
‫ــ‬
v.t. to cause distress
shewâz ‫ﻮاز‬²8‫ = ﺷ‬shîwâz
shikaft ‫ ﺷﮑﻪﻓﺖ‬cave
shikân ‫ ﺷﲀن‬shke- ‰‫ ﺷﮑ‬v.i. to break
shikândin ‫ ﺷــﲀﻧــﺪن‬shken- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺷــﮑــ‬v.t. to
break, to vanquish, to dishonor
shikâr ‫ ﺷﲀر‬hunting
shikeř gŒ‫ ﺷﮑ‬mountain crag
shikhâta ‫ﺎﺗﻪ‬Ø‫ ﺷ‬matches
shikift ‫ = ﺷﮑﻔﺖ‬shikaft
shikist ‫ ﺷـــﮑـــﺴـــﺖ‬defeat; ~-henân v.t. to
defeat; ~-khwârdin v.t. to be defeated
shil ‫ ﺷــــــــﻞ‬loose, weak, flabby; wet, wa-
tery; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen, untie (a
knot); ~~-kutân v.t. to beat to a pulp:
shilshil kutâyânim they beat me to a
pulp
shiłazhân ‫ـﻪژان‬k‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ـ‬shiłazhe- ‫ـﻪژێ‬k‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ـ‬v.i. to
get confused
shiłâp ‫پ‬Ë‫ ﺷ‬splash
shiller ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺷﻠﻠ‬a type of tulip
shiłpa ‫ـــﭙـــ ﻪ‬k‫ ﺷـــ‬splat, splash; (meta.) very
greasy pilaf
shimak ‫ ﴰﻪک‬belongings
shimqâr ‫ ﴰﻘﺎر‬hawk
shimsher ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﴰﺸ‬sword
shinashin ‫ﻨﻪﺷﻦ‬8‫ ﺷ‬huffing and puffing
shingił-dân ‫ دان‬Ç‫ـﻨـﮕـ‬8‫ ﺷـ‬v.t. to bestir one-
self
shinîn ‫ﻨـﲔ‬8‫ﺷ‬ ‫ ــ‬v.i. to blow (wind); ~awa to
blow (in the wind)
shipirza ‫ﺮزﻩ‬Î‫ ﺷ‬scattered, distracted
shiř-u-wiř-bûn ‫ و وڕ ﺑــــــــﻮون‬g‫ ﺷــــــــ‬to be
ripped: kirâsakám shiřuwiřbûwa my
shirt is ripped and torn
shirîkhândin ‫ ﴍﳜـﺎﻧـﺪن‬shirîkhen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﳜ‬ ‫ﴍـ‬
v.t. to roar
shit ‫ ﺷﺖ‬thing
shitin ‫ ﺷـــﱳ‬sho- ‫( ﺷـــﯚ‬v.t.; 3rd sing. pres.
shwâ) to wash; ~awa to wash again
shîla ƒ‫ﻴ‬8‫ ﺷ‬juice
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
shîn1 ‫ ﺷـــــﲔ‬dark blue, dark green; ~-bûn
to become green (plants); ~-bûnawa
la v.i. (1) to importune, pester: to bo
la min shîn bûyawa u das bar nâday?
why are you pestering me so inces-
santly?; (2) to turn blue from laughter:
la pekanîn shîn bûmawa I died laugh-
ing
shîn2 ‫ ﺷﲔ‬wail, lament
shînatî ‫ﻪﰏ‬ž›‫ = ﺷ‬shînaward
shînaward ‫ ـﻪوﻩرد‬ž‫ﺷ ـ› ـ‬/shînawird ‫ ـﻪورد‬ž‫ﺷ ـ› ـ‬
summer garden
shîr ‫ ﺷﲑ‬milk; sword
shîrîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ﺷﲑ‬sweet, nice
Shîrîn ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ ﺷـــﲑ‬Shirin, Armenian princess
and wife of the Sassanian Chosroës
Parvez
shîsh ‫ ﺷـ›ـﺶ‬skewer, stake; ~a ‫ ﺷـ›ـﺸـﻪ‬bot-
tle; skewer
shîw ‫ﻴﻮ‬8‫ ﺷ‬narrow valley
shîwâz ‫ﻴﻮاز‬8‫ ﺷ‬appearance, form
sho ‫ ﺷـﯚ‬limit, boundary; be~ ‫ﺸـﯚ‬Œ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ــ‬without
limit
sho- ‫ ﺷﯚ‬pres. stem of shitin
shokh ‫ ﺷـــﯚخ‬graceful, beautiful; jokester;
~ u shang ‫ ـﮓ‬s‫ ﺷ ـﯚخ و ﺷ ـﻪ‬beautiful, en-
chanting
shon ‫ ﺷــﯚن‬trace; ~gîrî-kirdin v.t. to pur-
sue, look for
shoř-kirdin(awa) ‫ـــﺮدﻧـــﻪوﻩ‬B ‫ ﺷـــﯚڕ‬v.t. to let
down, lower; mil ~-kirdin to bend the
neck, submit; sar ~-kirdin to bow the
head
shorbâ ¶‫ ﺷﯚر‬soup, broth
shorish ‫ ﺷﯚرش‬uprising, rebelion
shu ‫ ﺷﻮ‬plow; ~-kirdin v.t. to plow
shubât ‫ ﺷﻮ¶ت‬February
shukir ‫ﺮ‬B‫ ﺷﻮ‬gratitude
shurdin ‫ ﺷﻮردن‬shur- ‫ ﺷﻮر‬v.t. to wash
shû ‫ ﺷـﻮو‬husband; ~-kirdin v.t. to marry:
khwayshkim shûy-kird my sister got
married; ba ~ dân v.t. to marry (a
girl) off: dagâtà taman i bashûdân
she is reaching a marriageable age
shûm ‫ ﺷﻮوم‬ill-omened, gloomy
227
shûra ‫ ﺷﻮورﻩ‬city wall
shûraî ‫ ﺷﻮورﻩﰃ‬shame, disgrace
shûsha ‫ ﺷﻮوﺷﻪ‬glass; ~band windshield
shwâ(t) (‫( ﺷــــﻮا)ت‬third sing. pres. of shi-
tin)
shwân ‫ ﺷﻮان‬shepherd
shwen ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ ﺷــﻮ‬place; ~ a gishtîakân pub-
lic places; ~ … kawtin v.i. to follow,
pursue, chase: shwen kilâw i bâbirdû
kawtûa he’s on a wild goose chase;
ba ~ regâ i …dâ gařân to look for a
way to …; ~awâr ‫ــــﻨــــﻪوار‬l‫ ﺷــــﻮ‬remain,
monument, ruin; ~awârî ‫ــــﻨــــﻪواری‬l‫ﺷــــﻮ‬
monumental
sifat ‫ﺳﻔـﻪت‬‫ ـ‬fidelity; ba~ ‫ﺳﻔـﻪت‬ ‫ ﺑـﻪ ـ‬faithful;
be~ ‫ﺳــﻔــﻪت‬/ unfaithful; be~î ‫ﺳــﻔــﻪﰏ‬/
infidelity
sija ‫ ﲭﻪ‬red
sik ‫ ﺳــــــﮏ‬belly, womb; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to
give birth; ~-kirdin v.t. to get preg-
nant
sika ‫ ﺳﮑﻪ‬coin
sikâłâ Ÿ‫ ﺳﲀ‬complaint
sikirter ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺳﮑﺮﺗ‬secretary
sim ‫ ﰟ‬hoof; ~kol-kirdin ‫ ـﺮدن‬B ‫ ﲰ ـﮑ ـﯚل‬v.t.
to stomp the hooves on the ground
simt ‫ ﲰﺖ‬side
sindûq ‫ﻨﺪووق‬8‫ ﺳ‬box
sing ‫ﻨﮓ‬8‫ ﺳ‬stake, peg
sinif ‫ﻨﻒ‬8‫ ﺳ‬class
sinoq ‫ﻨﯚق‬8‫ﺳ‬, sinûq ‫ﻨﻮوق‬8‫ ﺳ‬chest, trunk
sinûr ‫ﻨﻮور‬8‫ ﺳ‬boundary, border
sip ‫ ﺳـﭗ‬perfect; ‫ ~ ﺳـﭗ و ﺳـﺎغ‬u sâgh hail
and hearty
sipâ ‫ﭙﺎ‬8‫ ﺳ‬army
sipła ‫ﻪ‬k‫ﭙ‬8‫ ﺳ‬unfaithful; ~î infidelity
siraw|ân ‫ ﴎﻩوان‬sirawe- ‫ ﴎﻩوێ‬v.i. to
become calm, be at rest
sirawândin ‫ ﺳــﻬــﺮﻩواﻧــﺪن‬sirawen- ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ﴎﻩو‬
v.t. to make calm; to strike; kho-~ la
to hit against, collide with
sirinj ‫ = ﴎﱋ‬sarinj
siřînawa ‫ﯾﻨﻪوﻩ‬g‫ ﺳ‬v.t. to wipe clean
sirkândin ‫ ﴎﰷﻧـــﺪن‬sirken- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﴎﮐـــ‬v.t. to
mutter
 SORANI KURDISH
sirta ‫ ﴎﺗﻪ‬whisper
sirtândin ‫ﻧــــﺪن‬c‫ ﴎ‬sirten- ‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ﴎــــ‬ ‫ ﺗ‬v.t. to
whisper
sirusht ‫ ﴎوﺷﺖ‬nature
sirûd ‫ ﴎوود‬anthem
sirwa ‫ ﴎوﻩ‬breeze
sitam ‫ﺘـﻪم‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ ــ‬bad, grievous: châkbûnaway
zor ~a prospects for his recovery are
very slim
sitândin ‫ــﺘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬8 ‫ ﺳ‬siten- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ــﺘـ‬8 ‫ ﺳ‬v.t. to get,
take, buy; hał-~ to flush (animals) out
of their holes, lairs, &c.
siyâs|at ‫ــــــﻴـــﺎﺳـــﻪت‬
8 ‫ ﺳ‬politics; ~atmadâr
‫ﻴﺎﺳﻪﲤﻪدار‬8‫ ﺳ‬politician; ~î ‫ﻴﺎﳻ‬8‫ ﺳ‬political
Siyâwish ‫ـــﻴـــﺎوش‬8‫ ﺳـــ‬Siyawush, son of the
Iranian shah Kay-Kaus
sîkatora ‫ﻴﮑﻪﺗﯚرﻩ‬8‫ ﺳ‬gizzard
sîlâ ‫ــﻴـﻼ‬8 ‫ ﺳ‬hole; ~mîsh ‫ــﻴـﻼﻣـ›ـﺶ‬8 ‫ ﺳ‬mouse-
hole
sîng ‫ﮓ‬ž›‫ ﺳ‬breast
sînî ‫ ﺳ›ﲎ‬tray
sîs ‫ ﺳ›ﺲ‬withered; ~-bûn to wither
słâw ‫و‬Ë‫ ﺳــــــ‬greetings; ~-kirdin la v.t. to
greet; ~-sandinawa v.t. to acknowl-
edge a greeting: slâw’yân nasandîna-
wa they did not acknowledge our
greeting
so ‫ ﺳﯚ‬doubt; be~ ‫ﺴﯚ‬Œ‫ ﺑ‬doubtless(ly)
sok ‫ ﺳــــــﯚک‬light, lightweight: ~ u hâsân
‫ ﺳـﯚکوﻫـﺎﺳـﺎن‬easy: zhyân boy sok u hâ-
sân bû life was easy for him
songa ‫ﮕﻪ‬s‫ ﺳﯚ‬reason; la ~ i because of
sorâgh ‫ ﺳـــﯚراغ‬trace; ~-kirdin v.t. to look
for, search out; hâtinà ~ v.i. to come
after, to come looking for: hâtà sorâ-
ghim dâwâ i qarzaká’y kird he came
looking for me to ask for his loan
back; ~ i … pirsîn la to ask (s.o.) the
whereabouts of …; be~ ‫ـــﺴـــﯚراغ‬Œ‫ ﺑـــ‬lost,
disappeared without a trace
sorâkh ‫ = ﺳﯚراخ‬sorâgh
spâ ‫ﭙﺎ‬8‫ = ﺳ‬sipâ
spârdin ‫ﭙﺎردن‬8‫ ﺳ‬sper- ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ﭙ‬8‫ ﺳ‬v.t. to entrust
spâs ‫ﭙﺎس‬8‫ ﺳ‬thanks; ~-kirdin v.t. to thank
spî ‫ﯽ‬Š‫ﭙـ‬8‫ﺳ‬
‫ ــ‬white; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to whi-
228
ten, to bleach
suâlkar ‫ﮑﻪر‬¢‫ ﺳﻮا‬beggar
suja ‫ = ﺳﻮ•ﻪ‬sija
suk ‫ = ﺳﻮک‬sok
sułtân ‫ﺘﺎن‬T‫ ﺳﻮ‬sultan, ruler
supâ ‫ ﺳﻮﭘﺎ‬army
supâs ‫ = ﺳﻮﭘﺎس‬spâs
surâkh ‫ = ﺳﻮراخ‬sorâgh
surisht ‫ = ﺳﻮرﺷﺖ‬sirusht
sûch ‫ ﺳﻮوچ‬corner
sûd ‫ ﺳﻮود‬profit, benefit
Sûdâba ‫ ﺳـــــﻮوداﺑـــــﻪ‬Sudaba, wife of Kay-
Kaus and step-mother of Siyawush
sûk ‫ ﺳـــــﻮوک‬light in weight; deprecation,
contempt: khałk ba sûkawa ley da-
řwânîn the people were looking at
him with contempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to
lighten (a weight), thin out; to depre-
cate
sûr (1) ‫ ﺳــــــــﻮور‬red; ~-kirdin-awa v.t. to
fry, saute; gul a ~ rose; châw ~-
kirdinawa la v.t. to glare at: kârakar
châw’î le sûr kirdimawa the servant
glared at me; (2) insistent, deter-
mined; ~ lasar determined to; ~âî
‫ ﺳﻮوراﰃ‬redness
sûř ‫ ﺳـــــــــــﻮوڕ‬spin; ~-mân to spin: sarî ~
damene his head is spinning
sûřân ‫ ﺳـــــﻮوڕان‬sûře- ‫ ﺳـــــﻮوڕێ‬v.i. to turn
around, to circle around; ~-awa to
walk about, stroll; hał-~ to spin, be
moved; to evolve
sûřândin ‫ ﺳـﻮوڕاﻧـﺪن‬sûřen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ ﺳـﻮوڕ‬v.t. to
turn, spin; hał-~ to turn, spin, accom-
plish (a task)
sûtân ‫ن‬c‫ ﺳﻮو‬sûte- ì‫ ﺳﻮو‬v.i. to burn
sûtândin ‫ﻧ ـﺪن‬c‫ ﺳ ـﻮو‬sûten- ‫ ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺳ ـﻮوﺗ ـ‬v.t. to
burn
sûzyân ‫ن‬p‫ ﺳﻮوز‬sûz- ‫ ﺳﻮوز‬v.i./t. to burn
swâłat ‫ﻪت‬T‫ ﺳﻮا‬pottery
swân ‫ ﺳﻮان‬swe- ‫ ﺳﻮێ‬v.t. to rub
swâr ‫ ﺳــــــــﻮار‬horseman, mounted; ~ i …
bûn to get in, ride in/on (vehicle); ~ i
… kirdin v.t. to mount on, let into (a
vehicle): swâr i karèkyân kird they
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
put him on a donkey
swe ‫ ﺳـــــــﻮێ‬longing, yearning, regret; ~-
bûnawa to yearn for someone, to pine
swend ‫ـــﻨـــﺪ‬l‫ ﺳـــﻮ‬oath; ~-khwârdin v.t. to
take an oath, to swear: swend’im bo
dakhoy beytawa? do you swear to me
you’ll come back?
swenka ‫ﻨﮑﻪ‬l‫ ﺳﻮ‬dregs, swill
Swîs ‫ ﺳﻮ§ﺲ‬Switzerland; ~î Swiss
tabaq ‫ ﺗﻪﺑﻪق‬platter
tadârak ‫ ﺗـــــﻪدارﻩک‬preparations; ~-kirdin
v.t. to prepare: ~ i safar’im bo âmâda
bikan let them prepare for me the par-
aphernalia for a journey
tafâwat ‫ ﺗﻪﻓﺎوﻩت‬difference
tagara ‫ ﺗﻪﮔﻪرﻩ‬wheel (of cart, carriage)
tagbîr ‫ ﺗﻪﮔﺒﲑ‬plan, plot
tak ‫ ﺗﻪک‬near, next to, opposite
takân ‫ ﺗــــﻪﰷن‬motion; ~-dân v.t. to shake;
~-khwârdin v.t. to move, budge:
pyâwaká takân’î nakhwârd the man
didn’t budge
takândin ‫ ﺗـــﻪﰷﻧـــﺪن‬taken- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺗـــﻪﮐـــ‬v.t. to
shake; hał-~ ditto; râ-~ ditto
takîn-awa la v ‫ﻴﻨﻪوﻩ‬B‫ ﺗﻪ‬v.i. to avoid
takht ‫ ﺗ ـﻪﺧ ـﺖ‬smooth, flat; throne, bed; ~-
kirdin v.t. to flatten; ~ i zawî kirdin
v.t. to flatten to the ground; to wipe
out; ~ u tânj ‫ﱋ‬c‫ ﺗــــــﻪﺧــــــﺖو‬throne and
crown; la sar ~ dâ-nân v.t. to seat on
the throne, to enthrone
takhta ‫ــﻪ‬µ‫ ﺗـﻪﺧ‬board, slab; ~-bûn v.i. to be
boarded shut: bâzâr ~ ya the market’s
boarded shut; ~-kirdin v.t. to board
up: dukânakáy ~ kirâwa his shop has
been boarded up; ~rash ‫ـــــﻪرﻩش‬µ‫ﺗـــــﻪﺧـــــ‬
blackboard
ta’kîd ‫ ـﮑ ـ; ـﺪ‬C‫ ﺗ ـﻪ‬affirmation; ~-kirdinawa
lasar to reaffirm
takûz ‫ــــﻮوز‬B‫ ﺗــــﻪ‬ordered, organized; ~î ‫ﺗــــﻪ‬
‫ﻮوزى‬B orderliness, organization
tała ‫ـﻪ‬T‫ ﺗـﻪ‬trap, snare; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay
a trap
tałaba ‫ﻪﺑﻪ‬T‫ ﺗﻪ‬student
229
talafon ‫ﻓﯚن‬v‫ ﺗﻪ‬telephone
talasm ‫ﰟ‬v‫ ﺗـــــــﻪ‬talisman, magic spell; ~-
khwendin ba sar …dâ v.t. to cast a
spell over
talatal-chûn ‫ﺗــــﻪل ﭼــــﻮون‬v‫ ﺗــــﻪ‬v.i. to walk
very quietly
talavizyon ‫ﭬﺰﯾﯚن‬v‫ ﺗﻪ‬television
tałâq ‫ق‬Ÿ‫ ﺗــــــــــــﻪ‬divorce; ~-dân v.t. to di-
vorce: ~’î dâwim he has divorced me
talâr ‫ ﺗﻪﻻر‬hall, room in an upper story
talîsm ‫ = ﺗﻪﻟ›ﺴﻢ‬talasm
tam ‫ ﺗـــــــﻪم‬dust; mist, fog; puff on a ciga-
rette; ~-rândin v.t. to bury
taman ‫ ﺗـﻪﻣـﻪن‬age: la ~ i mindâlî i khoydâ
during one’s childhood
tamara ‫ ﺗﻪﻣﻪرﻩ‬hurly-burly
tamâ ‫ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎ‬desire, greed; ba ~ i ‫ ﺑـﻪ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎى‬de-
sirous of; ~kâr ‫ ﺗﻪﻣ˜ﰷر‬greedy
tamâḥkâr ‫ = ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺣﲀر‬tamâkâr
tamâko ‫ ﺗﻪﻣ˜ﮐﯚ‬tobacco
tamâshâ ‫ ﺗـﻪﻣـﺎﺷـﺎ‬spectacle; ~-kirdin v.t. to
look at; to watch (a performance), to
see (a sight); ~khâna ‫ﺎﻧﻪ‬L‫ ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺷﺎ‬theater
tamâta ‫ ﺗﻪﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬tomato
tambał ‫ﻪڵ‬m‫ ﺗﻪﻣ‬lazy
tame ‰‫ ﺗــــﻪﻣــــ‬admonition; ~-kirdin to ad-
monish, to instruct
tamez ‫ﺰ‬Œ‫ ﺗﻪﻣ‬clean
tammûz ‫ ﺗﻪﳑﻮوز‬July
tan ‫ ﺗﻪن‬body; ~drust ‫ ﺗﻪﻧﺪروﺳﺖ‬healthy
tanaka ‫ ﺗﻪﻧﻪﮐﻪ‬tin, tin can
tanâf ‫ ﺗﻪ‡ف‬rope
tanâna(t) (‫ ﺗﻪ‡ﻧﻪ)ت‬especially
tandûr ‫ ﺗـﻪﻧـﺪوور‬oven; ~-dâ-khistin v.t. to
light an oven
tang ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ ﺗـﻪ‬tight, narrow; saddle strap; ba
~ …awa bûn v.i. to belong to, to be
encompassed by; ~atâw ‫و‬c‫ﮕـﻪ‬s‫ ـﺗ ﻪ ـ‬hectic
pressure; ~atâw-nân ‫و ‡ن‬c‫ـﮕـﻪ‬s‫ ﺗـﻪ‬v.t. to
put pressure on; ~âna ‫ــﮕــﺎﻧــﻪ‬s‫ ﺗــﻪ‬narrow
pass, strait; dire straits; ~âw ‫ــــﮕــــﺎو‬s‫ﺗــــﻪ‬
under pressure, in dire straits; ~dast
‫ﮕـﺪﻩﺳـﺖ‬s‫ ﺗـﻪ ـ‬poor; ~ u chałama ‫ـﻪ‬T‫ـﮓو¸ـﻪ‬s‫ﺗـﻪ‬
‫ ﻣﻪ‬difficulty
tanhâ ‫ ﺗﻪﳖﺎ‬only; alone; ~î loneliness
 SORANI KURDISH
tanîsht ‫ ﺗﻪﻧ›ﺸﺖ‬beside, next to
tankhwâ ‫ ﺗــــﻪﳔــــﻮا‬commercial goods; in-
vestment capital
tanyâ ‫ ﺗ ـﻪﻧ ـﻴ ـﺎ‬alone, only; following a neg.
clause, tanyâ…nabe nothing/nobody
but: kasim niya, tanyâ dâyk a pîrèk
nabe I have no one but an old mother;
kam yân zor roysht kasèk nâzâne
tanyâ Khwâ nabe how far he went
only God knows; ~î ‫ ﺗــــﻪﻧــــﻴــــﺎﱙ‬solitude,
loneliness; ~bâł ‫ ﺗﻪﻧﻴﺎ¶ڵ‬alone, forlorn
tapândin ‫ ﺗـﻪﭘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬tapen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺗـﻪﭘ‬v.t. to stuff,
cram; to kick, beat with the hands
tapîn ‫ ﺗﻪﭘﲔ‬v.i. to collapse
tapsî ‫ﴗ‬é‫ ﺗﻪ‬plate
taqa ‫ ﺗــﻪﻗــﻪ‬thump, thud, sound of a heavy
thing falling
taqał ‫ ﺗـــﻪﻗـــﻪڵ‬stitch; ~-dân v.t. to stitch; ~
le-dân v.t. to stitch; ~ hał-dân la to
take a stitch in
taqâlâ ‫ ﺗ ـﻪﻗ ـﺎﻻ‬attempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to try,
attempt
taq|în ‫ ﺗـﻪﻗـﲔ‬v.i. to burst; ~înawa ba ‫ﻗ;ﻨـﻪ‬
‫ وﻩ ﺑـﻪ‬to break out in, burst out into; ~a-
manî ‫ ﺗﻪﻗﻪﻣﻪﱏ‬explosive material
tař ‫ ﺗـﻪڕ‬moist, wet; nice; ~dam ‫ ﺗـﻪڕدﻩم‬elo-
quent; ~dast ‫ ﺗﻪڕدﻩﺳﺖ‬expert, dextrous
tara ‫ ﺗﻪرﻩ‬in exile
taraqî ‫ ﺗــــــــــﻪرﻩﰵ‬advancement, progress;
~khwâz ‫ ﺗــﻪرﻩﻗــ;ــﺨــﻮاز‬progressive: koř i
yekiyatî u taraqîkhwâzî i kurd Society
for the Unity and Advancement of
Kurds
tarât(en) ‫ ﺗــــﻪرات‬،‫ــــﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺗــــﻪراﺗــــ‬prancing of a
horse up and down the field
tarâten i ‫ﲎ‬Œ‫ ﺗﻪراﺗ‬all around (prep)
tareq ‫ﻖ‬l‫ = ﺗﻪر‬tarîq
tarfana ‫ ﺗﻪرﻓﻪﻧﻪ‬lost
tarîq ‫ ﺗﻪرﯾﻖ‬shy; ~î shyness
tarkhân ‫ـــﺎن‬L‫ ﺗـــﻪر‬special, devoted (ba/bo
to); exempt from taxes and imposts;
~-kirdin bo v.t. to give someone ex-
clusive use of something: îtir la nâw
aw khânûá bo’yân tarkhân kirdibû,
nadagunjâ he no longer fit in the
house they had set aside for him
tarkhun ‫ ﺗﻪرﺧﻮن‬tarragon
tarm ‫ ﺗﻪرم‬body, corpse
tarsa ‫ ﺗﻪرﺳﻪ‬reversed, upside down
tarza ‫ ﺗﻪرزﻩ‬hail
tashanâ-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‡‫ ﺗـﻪﺷـﻪ‬v.t. to heal, to
heal over
tashrîn ‫ ـﻦ‬a‫ﺗ ـﻪﴍ‬: ~ i yekam ‫ﺗ ـﻪﴍﯾ ـﲎ ﯾ ـﻪﻛ ـﻪم‬
October; ~ i dûham ‫ ﺗـﻪﴍﯾـﲎ دووﻫـﻪم‬No-
vember
task ‫ ﺗﻪﺳﮏ‬narrow
tawakul ‫ﻮل‬B‫ ﺗﻪوﻩ‬trust in God
tawar ‫ ﺗﻪوﻩر‬aim
tawâfat ‫ = ﺗﻪواﻓﻪت‬tafâwat
tawâfiq ‫ ﺗﻪواﻓﻖ‬agreement, co-operation
tawâncha ‫ﻪ‬#‫ ﺗﻪوا‬pistol
tawândin ‫ ﺗﻪواﻧﺪن‬tawen- ‫ﻦ‬¤‫ ﺗﻪو‬v.t. to fold
tawâw ‫ ﺗـــــــﻪواو‬complete; ~-bûn v.i. to be
finished; ~-kirdin v.t. to finish; ba ~î
completely
tawizhm ‫ ﺗﻪوژم‬pressure
tawq ‫ ﺗــﻪوق‬ring; ~ a sar ‫ ﺗــﻪوﻗــﻪﺳــﻪر‬top of
‫ﺗـﻪ ــ‬ the head: ba ~ i sarîawa on top of his
head
taws ‫ ﺗﻪوس‬taunt
tay ‫ ﺗﻪی‬tame, trained
tay-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺗﻪی‬v.t. to traverse
tayâr ‫ر‬p‫ ﺗﻪ‬ready
tayâra ‫رﻩ‬p‫ ﺗﻪ‬airplane
tâ1 (1) c to, up to: l’ erawa tâ awe from
here to there; (2) by the time: tâ min
gayshtim namâ by the time I arrived
he wasn’t there any longer; (3) until
(conj. + neg. subj.): tâ nayey, nâyem I
won’t come until you do; until (intro-
ducing final clause + indicative) min
l’ era bot dâdanem tâ deytawa I’ll put
it here for you until you come back;
(4) (prep.) until tâ sa’ât i penj châ-
wařwânit dakam I’ll wait for you until
five o’clock; (5) the longer, to keep on
(getting …er): ~ dahât as time went
by, the longer (a situation pertained):
tâ dahât, girântir dabû as time went
by, the heavier it got; tâ de, rangî
230
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
zard u lâwâz dabe he keeps on getting tâw1 ‫و‬c period of time; ~è(k) ‫ ـﮏ‬¤‫و‬c for a
paler and thinner; ~kû ‫ــــﻮو‬Bc so that, in while;
order that (+ subj.) tâw2 ‫و‬c (1) heat, burning, fever, long-
tâ2 c fever ing, grieving: la ~ i dûrî i kuřakáy har
tâ3 c fold; ~-kirdin v.t. to fold: kâghaza- dû châwî kwer bûbû both his eyes had
ká tâ bika fold the paper gone blind from grieving over separa-
tâj ‫ج‬c crown tion from his son; (2) downpour (of
tâk ‫ک‬c sole, solitary, alone; ~-u-tanyâ rain): ~ i bârân nabiřrâyawa the
‫کوﺗـﻪﻧﻴــﺎ‬c all by oneself; ~-u-tarâ(k) ‫ک‬c downpour has not ceased; (3) turn,
(‫ وﺗﻪرا)ک‬miscellaneous charge, gallop; ~-dân v.t. to make (a
tâkû ‫ــــﻮو‬Bc (+ subj.) in order that; (prep.) horse) gallop; ~-girtin v.t. to work
until: ~ estâ until now assiduously; ~-kirdin v.t. to trick s.o.
tâł ‫ڵ‬c bitter into believing; ~ sandin v.t. for heat
tâłân ‫ن‬Ÿc plunder; ~-kirdin v.t. to to become intense
pillage, plunder tâwân1 ‫وان‬c reward; fault, guilt, crime;
tâm ‫م‬c taste; ~-kirdin v.t. to taste ~bâr ‫واﻧـــــــﺒـــــــﺎر‬c blameworthy, guilty;
tâmazro ‫ﻣـــﻪزرۆ‬c, tâmâzro ‫ﻣـــﺎزرۆ‬c eager, ~bâr-kirdin v.t. to blame; ~ rek-
craving; ~î ‫ﻣﻪزرۆﰃ‬c eagerness, craving khistin v.t. to accuse falsely
tân ‫ن‬c warp (weaving) tâwân2 ‫وان‬c tâwe- ‫وێ‬c v.i. to melt; ~din
tâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬c taunt; ~ le-dân v.t. to taunt ‫واﻧﺪن‬c tâwen- ‫ﻦ‬¤‫و‬c v.t. to melt
tânj ‫ﱋ‬c = tâj tâwił ‫وڵ‬c tent
tânjî ‫ﳒﯽ‬c hunting dog tâwistân ‫ﺘﺎن‬8‫وﺳ‬c summer
tânût ‫ﻧﻮوت‬c taunt, abuse tâwlama ‫ﻣـــﻪ‬v‫و‬c wire basket spun to heat
tâpo ‫ﭘﯚ‬c ghost, apparition charcoal
tâq ‫ق‬c sole, only: ~ a kuřèkî dabe he tâwtwe-kirân ‫ﺮان‬B ‫وﺗﻮێ‬c v.i. to suffer
has only one son; odd, not even tâybat ‫ﯾــﺒــﻪت‬c personal, special, devoted
tâqat ‫ﻗـﻪت‬c energy; be~ ‫ـﺎﻗـﻪت‬µŒ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ ـ ـ‬anxious, (ba to); ba ~î ‫ﯾـــــﺒـــــﻪﰏ‬c‫ ﺑـــــﻪ‬especially;
sad ~mandî ‫ﺒﻪﲤﻪﻧﺪی‬lc characteristic
tâqâna ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻪ‬c only child tâza ‫زﻩ‬c new, fresh; ~lâw ‫زﻩﻻو‬c adoles-
tâqim ‫ﰴ‬c group cent
tâqî ‫ﰵ‬c test, trial; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to tâzhân ‫ژان‬c whip, lash
try, to test tâzhî ‫ژی‬c hunting dog
Târân ‫ران‬c Tehran tâzî ‫زی‬c Arabic
târândin ‫راﻧــﺪن‬c târen- ‫ــﻦ‬¤‫ر‬c v.t. to drive tâziyâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬p‫ز‬c whip
away forever te ì see da; ~-birdin (v.t., = birdin da)
târîf ‫رﯾــﻒ‬c description: la ~ nâye it can’t to put something inside something
be described, it is beyond description else; ~-chûn (v.i., = chûn da) to suf-
târîk ‫ﮏ‬a‫ر‬c dark fer loss; to cost a lot: mâlakám zorî te
târîkh ‫رﱗ‬c history chûwa my house has cost me a lot; ~-
tâsân ‫ﺳــــﺎن‬c tâse- ‰‫ﺳــــ‬c v.i. to choke, be gayândin v.t. to make understand,
strangled; ~din ‫ﺳـﺎﻧـﺪن‬c tâsen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ﺳ‬c v.t. explain to: hâl u masala’y te gayân-
to choke, strangle dim he explained the situation to me;
tâsh ‫ش‬c big slab of rock; ~abard ‫ﺷــﻪﺑــﻪ‬c ~-gayshtin v.i. to understand; ~-girtin
‫ رد‬ditto v.t. to take aim at: bardî te bigra aim
tâshîn ‫ﺷﲔ‬c tâsh- ‫ش‬c v.t. to shave at the rock; ~-gîrân v.i. to tangle; ~-
231
 SORANI KURDISH
kishân v.t. to pass quickly: b’ era dâ
hât u tekishâ he came there and
quickly passed by; ~-kirdin v.t. =
kirdin da to pour onto: âwî te ka pour
some water on it; to make ready: sabîl
te ka get the pipe ready; ~-mân v.i. to
be bewildered
te- ì cmpd. vb. agent; see te-gayshtin,
te hał-chûn, te-kutân
tebar ‫ــﻪر‬m‫ــ‬Œ‫ ﺗــ‬lit, burning; ~-bûn v.i. to be
lit (fire), to burn; ~-dân v.t. to light
(fire): âgirî tebar dâ he lit a fire; to set
a dog on
tebînî ‫;ﲎ‬Ò²‫ ﺗ‬observation
tek ‫ــﮏ‬²‫ ﺗ‬together; ~-bar-bûn v.i. to fight;
~-birdin v.t. to throw things together;
~-chûn v.i. to change, lose one’s com-
posure, to get mixed up; ~-chûn la to
be mistaken, be the wrong person:
lem tek chûy I thought you were
someone else; ~-chûn lagał to dis-
agree with; ~-dân v.t. to spoil, mix
up; ~-hał-dân v.t. to kick; to lock
horns; ~-khirân v.p. to get tied to-
gether; ~-khistin v.t. to tie together;
~-kirdinawa v.t. to break someone’s
bones in a fight: lashyân hamû tek
kirdawa they beat him to a pulp; ~-
shikân v.i. to collapse
tekał ‫ــــﮑــــﻪڵ‬²‫ ﺗــــ‬with, along with; bo ~ ba
together with; ~-pekał all mixed up,
jumbled; ~-dân v.t. to stir: shîraká
tekał da stir the milk; dast ~-kirdin
lagał v.t. to have carnal relations with:
damawe lagałim rek bikawî u dast’im
lagał tekał bikay I want you to lie
with me and have sex with me
te-koshân ‫ ـﮑ ـﯚﺷ ـﺎن‬²‫ ﺗ ـ‬-koshe- ‰‫ ـﮑ ـﯚﺷ ـ‬²‫ ﺗ ـ‬to
strive, to struggle
tekrâ ‫ــﮑــﺮا‬²‫ ﺗــ‬altogether; ba ~î in general,
generally
tepar ‫ــﻪر‬Ü‫ــ‬Œ‫ﺗــ‬: ~-bûn ba sar …dâ v.i. (for
time) to pass after …; ~-kirdin la v.t.
to exceed, surpass
ter1 ‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺗـ‬full, satiated; ~khaw ‫ـﻪو‬L‫ـﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺗـ‬hav-
232
ing had enough sleep; ~-khwârdin la
to eat one’s fill of
ter2 ‫ﺮ‬Œ‫ ﺗ‬large saddlebag
teshu ‫ـــﺸـــﻮ‬Œ‫ ﺗـــ‬pile, heap; ~-kirdin v.t. to
make a pile; to have breakfast
teska ‫ﺴﮑﻪ‬Œ‫ = ﺗ‬tîshk
tif ‫ ﺗــــــﻒ‬spit; ~-kirdin v.t. to spit; ~-kir-
dinawa v.t. to spit out; ~ân ‫ ﺗـــﻔـــﺎن‬tife-
‰‫ ﺗﻔــ‬v.i. to spit; ~ânà dam yek ‫ﺗﻔــﺎﻧـﻪ دﻩم ﯾـﻪ‬
‫ ک‬to plot, conspire
tifang ‫ـﮓ‬s‫ ﺗـﻔـﻪ‬rifle, shotgun; ~-hâwîshtin
v.t. to fire a rifle
tikândin ‫ ـﲀﻧ ـﺪن‬Ž tiken- ‫ ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ـﮑ ـ‬Ž v.t. to drip,
cause to drip; âbřû-~ to dishonor:
âbřû’y tikândim he dishonored me
tifâq ‫ ﺗﻔﺎق‬provisions
tift ‫ ﺗﻔﺖ‬mouth-puckeringly sweet
tikheł Ç‫ــ‬²‫ ﲣــ‬stretched out on the ground,
prone, prostrate
tikhun ‫ ﲣــــــــﻮن‬near; ~ i ... kawtin to get
near: tikhun i âgir nakawî you
shouldn’t get near the fire
tiłakân ‫ـﻪﰷن‬k‫ ـﺗ‬tiłake- ‰‫ـﻪﮐـ‬k‫ ـﺗ‬v.i. to be sha-
ken; râ-~ to be shaken up (as liquid in
a bottle); râ-tiłakândin tiłaken- v.t.
to shake up
tiłaqân ‫ﻪﻗﺎن‬k‫ = ﺗ‬tiłakân
tilân ‫ ﺗـــﻼن‬tile- ‰‫ ﺗـــﻠـــ‬v.i. to toss and turn;
~dinawa ‫ ﺗـﻼﻧـﺪﻧـﻪوﻩ‬v.t. to toss; to juggle;
to deal (ba with)
tilîs ‫ ﺗـــﻠـــ›ـــﺲ‬drenched, sopping wet; ~ân
‫ﺗﻠ›ﺴـﺎن‬
‫ ـــ‬tilîse- ‰‫ﺗﻠ›ﺴـ‬‫ ـــ‬v.i. to get drenched;
~ândin ‫ ﺗـﻠـ›ـﺴـﺎﻧـﺪن‬tilîsen- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺗـﻠـ›ـﺴـ‬v.t. to
wet
tiłîsh ‫ـــ›ـــ ﺶ‬k‫ ﺗـــ‬ripped, torn: kirâsakám ~ ~
bû my shirt was ripped to shreds; ~-
birdin v.t. to split: dâr tilîshî bird the
tree split; ~ân ‫›ﺸـﺎن‬k‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ـ ــ‬tilîshe- ‰‫›ﺸـ‬k‫ﺗ‬
‫ ـ ــ‬v.i.
to split; ~ândin ‫›ﺸـﺎﻧـﺪن‬k‫ﺗ‬ ‫ ـــ‬tilîshen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫›ﺸ‬k‫ـــﺗ‬
v.t. to split
tilyâk ‫ = ﺗﻠﻴﺎک‬tiryâk
tiłyân ‫ﻴﺎن‬k‫ ﺗ‬tiłe- ‰k‫ ﺗ‬v.t. to leave, allow
tir ‫ـﺮ‬Ž other; hîch i ~ nothing else: nama-
twânî hîch i tir bikam I couldn’t have
done anything else; yek~ each other
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
tirâzân ‫ـــــــــﺮازان‬Ž v.i. to go to pieces; ~ la
shwen kho to be unrecognizable
tire ‫ﺮێ‬Ž grapes
tiřo-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ۆ‬g‫ــــ‬Ž v.t. to disgrace, to
drive away in disgrace
tirpa sound ‫ـﺮﭘـﻪ‬Ž of a footfall; ~ i pe ‫ـﺮﭘـﻪى‬Ž
‰Š‫ ﭘ‬footstep
tirs ‫ﺮس‬Ž fear
tirsân ‫ــــﺮﺳــــﺎن‬Ž tirse- ‰‫ــــﺮﺳــــ‬Ž la v.i. to be
afraid of, fear
tirsândin ‫ــﺮﺳــﺎﻧــﺪن‬Ž tirsen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ــﺮﺳــ‬Ž v.t. to
scare; tirsenar ‫ـــﻪر‬ž‫ـــ‬Œ‫ـــﺮﺳـــ‬Ž frightening,
scary
tirsh ‫ـــــــــــــﺮش‬Ž bitter; khoshit be u ~it be
whether you like it or not
tiryâk ‫ک‬p‫ـﺮ‬Ž opium; ~kesh ‫ــﺶ‬Œ‫کﮐ‬p‫ـﺮ‬Ž opi-
um smoker; ~î ‫ﰽ‬p‫ﺮ‬Ž opium addict
tis ‫ـــﺲ‬E fart (noiseless); ~-dân v.t. to fart;
~in ‫ــــﺴــــﻦ‬E farter, “old fart,” idler; ~în
‫ﺴﲔ‬E v.i. to fart
tizân ‫ـﺰان‬Ž tize- ‫ـﺰێ‬Ž v.i. to collect (liquid),
well up: dastim khwenî te tizâwa
blood has collected in my hand; fir-
mesk la châwim tizâ tears welled up
in my eyes
tîgh ‫ ﺗﻴﻎ‬blade
tîka ‫ ﺗﻴﮑﻪ‬bit, piece
tîmâr-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ر‬7‫ ﺗــ‬v.t. to care for the
ill
tîn ‫ ﺗـــﲔ‬power, force; ba ~awa powerful-
ly; be~ ‫ﲔ‬n²‫ ﺑ‬powerless, weak
tîn|û ‫ـﻮو‬ž›‫ﺗ‬
‫ ــ‬thirsty: ~ma I’m thirsty; ~wetî
‫ﱴ‬l‫ﻮ‬ž›‫ ﺗ‬thirst
tîp ‫ ﺗ›ﭗ‬group, contingent; team
tîr ‫ ﺗﲑ‬arrow
tîra ‫ ﺗــﲑﻩ‬clan, family branch, subdivision
of a hoz
tîsha ‫ ﺗـ›ـﺸـﻪ‬sprout; ~biř g‫ ﺗـ›ـﺸـﻪ–ـ‬frost that
kills young sprouts
tîshk ‫ ﺗ›ﺸﮏ‬ray
tîsk ‫ ﺗـــــ›ـــــﺴـــــﮏ‬clump of hair; bunch of
grapes; long-haired: mařèk i ~ long-
haired sheep
tîtâł ‫ ـﺎڵ‬µ‫ ﺗ ـ› ـ‬joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make
fun of, play a joke on: pey wâ bû tîtâlî
233
pe dakan he thought they were mak-
ing fun of him
tîz-kirdin ba ‫ــﺮدن ﺑــﻪ‬B ‫ ﺗــﲒ‬v.t. to make fun
of; ~-kirdin ba ...awa v.t. to poke,
poke fun at
tîzh Ã‫ ﺗـــ‬sharp, hot, spicy; fast, quick; in-
sistent
tkâ ‫ـــــﲀ‬Ž request; ~-kirdin v.t. to request,
beg: tkâ akam please
to ‫ ﺗﯚ‬you (sing.)
tobra ‫ ﺗﯚ–ﺮﻩ‬sack
tof ‫ ﺗـﯚف‬blizzard; ~ân ‫ ﺗـﯚﻓـﺎن‬blizzard, del-
uge
tok ‫ ﺗﯚک‬tree bark
toła ‫ـﻪ‬T‫ ﺗـﯚ‬revenge; ~ i … kirdinawa v.t. to
take revenge for: biřyâr’yân dâ toła i
am âbřûchûnáyân bikanawa they de-
cided to take revenge for this outrage
against their dignity
tom(a) ‫ ﺗـــــــﯚم‬،‫ ﺗـــــــﯚﻣـــــــﻪ‬seed, grain; tom-
washândin v.t. to sow, scatter seed
tomâr ‫ ﺗــﯚﻣــﺎر‬record, document; ~-kirdin
v.t. to record
top ‫ ﺗــــﯚپ‬ball; big lie; ~al ‫ ﺗــــﯚﭘــــﺎل‬round;
~chî ‫ ﺗﯚﭘﭽﯽ‬cannoneer; liar
topîn ‫ ﺗـﯚﭘـﲔ‬top- ‫ ﺗـﯚپ‬v.i. to die (of an ani-
mal); hał-~ to drop dead
toplâkh ‫ ﺗـﯚﭘـﻼخ‬piled up; ~a-kirdin ‫ـﻪ‬L‫ﺗـﯚﭘـﻼ‬
‫ـــــﺮدن‬B v.t. to pile up: payn u qur ba sar
yekâ toplâkhay kirdûa he’s piled up
dung and mud on top of each other
toq ‫ ﺗــــــﯚق‬top: bardèkî la ~ i sarim dâ he
threw a stone on top of my head
toqał ‫ ﺗـﯚﻗـﻪڵ‬patch: ~ a tûtiřikèk a patch of
wild strawberries
tow ‫ = ﺗﯚو‬tom; ~ i mirîshik egg
toz ‫ ﺗـــﯚز‬dust; ~-kirdin v.t. to stir up dust;
~e ‫ ﺗﯚزێ‬, ~èk ‫ﮏ‬¤‫ ﺗﯚز‬a little bit
tozhar ‫ ﺗﯚژﻩر‬researcher, investigator
trâzân ‫ــــــﺮازان‬Ž trâze ‫ــــــﺮازێ‬Ž v.i. to go to
pieces, fall apart; kâr la kâr ~ to be
all over
trîkândin ‫ـﲀﻧـﺪن‬a‫ـﺮ‬Ž trîken- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ـﮑـ‬a‫ـﺮ‬Ž v.t. to
scream
trîqânawa ‫ـﺮﯾﻘــﺎﻧـﻪوﻩ‬Ž trîqe- ‰‫ـﺮﯾﻘــ‬Ž v.i. to guf-
 SORANI KURDISH
faw, laugh out loud
trîshqa ‫ﺮ§ﺸﻘﻪ‬Ž lightning
tropîn ‫ﺮۆﭘﲔ‬Ž v.i. = topîn
trombel ‫ﻞ‬²m‫ﺮۆﻣ‬Ž = trumbîl
trumbîl ‫ﻴﻞ‬m‫ﺮوﻣ‬Ž automobile
trushkân ‫ـﺮوﺷـﲀن‬Ž trushke- ‰‫ﺷﮑـ‬ ‫ـﺮو ـ‬Ž v.i. to
squat; hał-~ to squat down
trûkân ‫ـﺮووﰷن‬Ž trûke- ‰‫ـﺮووﮐـ‬Ž v.i. to blink:
la châw trûkânèk’dâ in the twinkling
of an eye; ~din ‫ـــــــﺮووﰷﻧـــــــﺪن‬Ž trûken-
‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ﺮووﮐ‬Ž v.t. to blink
trûsk ‫ـﺮووﺳـﮏ‬Ž shine, gleam; ~a ‫ـﺮووﺳـﮑـﻪ‬Ž
glimmer, gleam; ~âî ‫ـــــﺮووﺳـــــﲀﰃ‬Ž faint
glimmer; ~ân ‫ـﺮووﺳـﲀن‬Ž trûske- ‰‫ـﺮووﮐـ‬Ž
v.i. to shine, to gleam
tułân-awa ‫ﻧـــــﻪوﻩ‬Ÿ‫ ﺗـــــﻮ‬v.i. to fall to pieces
(from being cooked too much): gosh-
taká hend kulîwa tulâwatawa the
meat has been so overcooked it’s
fallen to pieces
tumaz ‫ ﺗﻮﻣﻪرز‬wouldn’t you know?
tumâr ‫ = ﺗﻮﻣﺎر‬tomâr
tund ‫ ﺗــﻮﻧــﺪ‬tight; fast, swift; hot, spicy; ~-
kirdin v.t. to hold tight, to make fast
turben ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺗﻮرﺑ‬bag, sack
turkmân ‫ ﺗﻮرﮐﲈن‬Turcoman
tursh ‫ ﺗـــــﻮرش‬sour; ~ândin ‫ﺗـــــﻮرﺷـــــﺎﻧـــــﺪن‬
turshen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﺗﻮرﺷ‬v.t. to make sour
tutin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ ﺗﻮ‬tobacco
tûk ‫ ﺗـﻮوک‬hair; ~asar ‫ ﺗـﻮوﮐـﻪﺳـﻪر‬hair on the
head
tûla v‫ ﺗﻮو‬a small hunting dog
tûřa ‫ ﺗــــﻮوڕﻩ‬angry, mad; ~î ‫ ﺗــــﻮوڕﻩﱙ‬anger:
ba tûřaîawa rû’y le kirdim he turned
away from me in anger
tûraka ‫ ﺗﻮورﻩﮐﻪ‬sack, bag
Tûrân ‫ ﺗـــــــــــــــﻮوران‬Turan, the traditional
Transoxanian enemy of Iran
tûsh1 ‫ ﺗـﻮوش‬meeting, involved; ~-bûn v.i.
to meet, come across: dwene la sha-
qâm’dâ tûshî bûm I met him in the
street yesterday; ~-kirdin v.t. to get
someone involved: to tûshit kirdim
you got me involved
tûsh2 ‫ ﺗـــــــﻮوش‬cold, rainy weather; mean-
234
ness of character; ~-kirdin v.t. imprs.
to be cold and rainy (of the weather):
hawâkay tûsh kird the weather turned
bad; ~î ‫ ﺗﻮوﳽ‬bad weather
tûtiřik ‫ک‬gŽ‫ ﺗﻮو‬wild strawberry
twân ‫ ﺗـــﻮان‬twe- ‫ ﺗـــﻮێ‬v.t. to want; ~awa =
tâwân
twânâ ‡‫ ﺗـــــــﻮا‬ability: hargiz la twânâm’â
niya it will never be within my ability,
ba pe i ~ inasfar as possible
twânîn ‫ ﺗـﻮاﻧـﲔ‬twân- ‫ ﺗـﻮان‬v.t. to be able (+
subj)
twânj ‫ ﺗـﻮاﱋ‬disapprobation; ~-girtin da to
find fault with
twâshâ-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ = ﺗــــﻮاﺷــــﺎ‬tamâshâ-
kirdin
twe-kirdin ‫ــﺮدن‬B ‫ ﺗــﻮێ‬v.t. to rip to shreds:
bulbul ka garm i naghmaya âgir da-
kâtawa / khuncha hazîna, jarg u dilî
bo dakâ twe (Nâlî) the nightingale,
hot with song, bursts into flame; the
bud is saddened and rips her heart to
shreds for him
tweł Çl‫ ﺗﻮ‬forehead
tyâ ‫ = ﺗـﻴـﺎ‬tey(d)â in it; ~-birdin v.t. to do
away with, to eliminate; ~-chûn v.i. to
go away, disappear; ~ râ-mândin v.i.
to be perplexed, confused; to ponder
tyâtro ‫ ـﺮۆ‬Ž‫ ﺗ ـﻴ ـﺎ‬theater; ~khâna ‫ ـﺎﻧ ـﻪ‬L‫ ـﺮۆ‬Ž‫ﺗ ـﻴ ـﺎ‬
theater
u ‫ و‬and
umed ‫ ﺋـﻮﻣ´ــﺪ‬hope; nâ~ ‫ ‡ﺋـﻮﻣ´ــﺪ‬desperate, in
despair
urûpâ ‫ﻮرووﭘﺎ‬l Europe
utrumbîl ‫ﻴﻞ‬m‫ﺮوﻣ‬Ž‫ ﺋﻮ‬automobile
wa1 ‫ = وﻩ‬ba: wakhabar = bakhabar, wa
re = ba re; wadast = ba dast
wa2 ‫ وﻩ‬and
wach ‫ وﻩچ‬offshoot, offspring
wa‘d ‫ وﻩ`ـــــﺪ‬promise; ~-dân v.t. to prom-
ise
wadast ‫ = وﻩدﻩﺳﺖ‬ba dast
wafât ‫ وﻩﻓﺎت‬death; ~-kirdin v.t. to die
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
wafd ‫ وﻩﻓﺪ‬delegation
wajâkh ‫ وﻩ•ـــــــــﺎخ‬male offspring; ~kwer
‫ﺮ‬¤‫ﻮ‬B‫ وﻩ•ﺎخ‬childless
wak ‫ وﻩک‬like; ~ yek alike, all the same;
~î ka on the other hand
wakht ‫ وﻩﺧــــــــﺖ‬time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that
time; ~ bû, ~â bû nearly, almost (+
subj.) wakht bû bizîqene he almost
screamed; wakht-a la birsân bimirim
I’m about to die of hunger; ~ basar
birdin ba v.t. to while away time by;
~î ‫ وﻩﺧﱴ‬temporary
wakû ‫ـﻮو‬B‫ وﻩ‬as though (+ subj.): ~ shitèk’î
bîr kawtibetawa as though he remem-
bered something
wałâm ‫م‬Ÿ‫ وﻩ‬answer, response; ~-dân v.t.
to answer
waqt ‫ = وﻩﻗﺖ‬wakht
wára ‫ وﻩرﻩ‬come!, come on! (impt. sing.
of hâtin)
warân ‫ وﻩران‬v.i. to fall; to writhe; hał-~
to fall down
wargeř g‫ـــ‬Œ‫ وﻩرﮔـــ‬translator; ~ân ‫ان‬g‫ـــ‬Œ‫وﻩرﮔـــ‬
translation
war-geřân ‫ان‬g‫ــــ‬Œ‫ وﻩرﮔــــ‬v.t. to translate; ~à
sar ... to translate into: am ktebáy
wargeřâyà sar fârsî he translated this
book into Persian; ba pishtè ~ to
knock (s.o.) over on his back, to
knock down
wárin ‫ وﻩرن‬come!, come on! (impt. pl.
of hâtin)
wařis(t) ‫ وﻩڕﺳﺖ‬fed up, exasperated
wařîn ‫ـــﻦ‬a‫ وﻩڕ‬v.i. to bark: sa i hîch darkèk
pet nâwaře “you’re a stranger at no
door”; hał-~ = hał-warân
wařs ‫ وﻩڕس‬bored
warz ‫ وﻩرز‬tall (= barz); season of plant-
ing and harvesting
warza ‫ وﻩرزﻩ‬height, promontory, hill
warzish ‫ وﻩرزش‬sports, exercise
waset ‫ــﺖ‬Œ‫ وﻩﺳــ‬will and testament; ~-kir-
din v.t. to make one’s last will
washân ‫ وﻩﺷـــــﺎن‬washe- ‰‫ وﻩﺷـــــ‬v.i. to be
shaken, to be scattered; dâ-~ to be
235
shaken out: jilakát dâwashâ your
clothes have been shaken out; râ-~ to
be shaken; to waste away (from ill-
ness): lashî dâwashâwa his body has
wasted away; ~-awa la to be suitable
for, proper for: am kârá la to nâwa-
shetawa this is not suitable for you,
am jilá la to dawashetawa these
clothes suit you
washândin ‫ وﻩﺷـﺎﻧـﺪن‬washen- ‫ــﻦ‬Œ‫ وﻩﺷ‬v.t. to
shake, scatter; dâ-~ to bend down and
shake: dârèkî bo dâwashând barî na-
kawt he bent down a tree and shook it
but the fruit didn’t fall; hał-~ to rip
open, rip apart; râ-~ to shake violent-
ly
washârtû ‫ وﻩﺷﺎرﺗﻮو‬hidden
wastâ ‫ﺘﺎ‬8‫ وﻩﺳ‬master, professor
wassân ‫ وﻩﺳــــــــــــــﺎن‬wass- ‫ = وﻩس‬wastân
wast-
wastân ‫ــــﺘــﺎن‬8 ‫ وﻩﺳ‬wast- ‫( وﻩﺳــﺖ‬v.i., pres.
tense often contracted to dast- for
dawast-) to stand, stop; ~ la to be
tired of: wastâwim la kâr I’m tired of
working; ~awa la to confront: ley
wastâmawa shaqèkim te hałdâ I con-
fronted him and gave him a kick; hał-
~ to get up, stand up; ba pe i … hał-~
to carry out, execute; râ-~ to stand up,
stop, stay
wastândin ‫ﺘـﺎﻧـﺪن‬8‫ﺳ‬ ‫ وﻩ ــ‬wasten- ‫ـﻦ‬Œ‫ﺘ‬8‫ﺳ‬
‫ وﻩ ــ ـ‬v.t.
to stop; (2) to tire out; (3) to take
back, to get back: dabe aw qarzáy le
wastenim I have to get that loan back
from him
wawî ‫ وﻩوی‬bride, daughter-in-law
waz ‫ وﻩز‬down
waz‘ ‫ وﻩزع‬situation
wazândin ‫ وﻩزا ـﻧ ﺪن‬wazen- ‫ـﻦ‬¤‫ وﻩز‬v.t.: dâ-~
to let out/off (of vehicle)
wazârat ‫ وﻩزارﻩت‬ministry: ~ i darawa
ministry of the interior
wazin ‫ وﻩزن‬pain, hurt, annoyance
wazîn ‫ــــﻦ‬a‫ وﻩز‬v.i. to blow (wind); dâ-~ to
get out/off (of a vehicle), to come
 SORANI KURDISH
down; (2) to lose (game); hał-~ to
jump up
wazîr ‫ـــــــﺮ‬a‫ وﻩز‬vizier, minister: sarak ~ân
prime minister
wâ ‫ وا‬thus
wâda ‫ وادﻩ‬appointed time, usual time
wâq ‫ واق‬mind, brain: ~im wiř-mâ my
brain spun
wâqi‘ ‫ واﻗــــﻊ‬actuality, reality: la ~ i zhyân
zor ba dûrin they are far from the
reality of life
wârisht ‫ وارﺷﺖ‬raining
wâta ‫ واﺗﻪ‬i.e., that is to say
wâz-henân la v ‫ـــﻨـــﺎن‬²‫ واز ﻫـــ‬v.t. to leave,
abandon; to dissuade, persuade … not
to: zor hawl dadâ bâwkî l’ am kalkalá
i zhin henâná wâzbene he is trying
hard to dissuade his father from his
wish to take a wife
wâzha ‫ واژﻩ‬word; ~gal ‫ واژﻩﮔـــــــﻪل‬vocabu-
lary
we ‫ وێ‬lighted, afire: âgir weya the fire’s
lit; ~-kawtin v.t. to try: we kawa bizâ-
na la kweya try to find out where it is;
~-kirdin v.t. to light: âgiraká we ka
light the fire; ~-rizân v.t. to bother,
annoy: wem darize dastim le bar nâdâ
he annoys me constantly
weł Ç‫ـــــــــ‬l‫ و‬loose, wandering, stray; mis-
aimed, misfired; ~-bûn v.i. to search
(ba dwâ i …dâ for); ~-kirdin v.t. to
let go, turn loose, cease
wena ‫ـــﻨـــﻪ‬l‫ و‬picture, image; ~gir ‫ـــﻨـــﻪﮔـــﺮ‬l‫و‬
photographer
werâ i ‫ﺮای‬¤‫ و‬along with
werân ‫ﺮان‬¤‫ و‬destroyed, ruined
werân ‫ـــﺮان‬¤‫ و‬were- ‫ـــﺮێ‬¤‫( و‬v.t. + subj.) to
dare: nayawerâ bibizûetawa he didn’t
dare budge
weza ‫ﺰﻩ‬¤‫ و‬ambush, sneak attack
wezh|ân ‫ـﮋان‬¤‫ و‬wezhe- ‫ـﮋێ‬¤‫ و‬v.t. to speak,
say; ~a ‫ـﮋﻩ‬¤‫ و‬literature; ~ar ‫ـﮋﻩر‬¤‫ و‬speak-
er, announcer; ~wân ‫ﮋوان‬¤‫ و‬literary
wichân ‫ و¸ـــــــﺎن‬rest, pause; be~ ‫و¸ـــــــﺎن‬/
without rest; pâsh kurta ~èk ‫ﻮرـﻪ‬ ‫ـ ﺗ‬B ‫ﭘـﺎش‬
236
‫ﮏ‬²‫ و¸ﺎﻧ‬after a short pause
wiłâkh ‫خ‬Ÿ‫ و‬beast of burden
wiłâm ‫م‬Ÿ‫ = و‬walâm
wiłât ‫ت‬Ÿ‫ و‬country, state; homeland: ~ a
yekgirtûakân i Amerikâ the United
States of America
win ‫ ون‬lost; ~-bûn v.i. to be lost; la
châw ~-bûn v.i. to disappear from
sight: tâ la châw win nabet until it
disappears from view; ~-kirdin v.t. to
lose
wiř ‫ وڕ‬dizzy; ~-bûn/mân v.i. to spin, be
dizzy; ~-kirdin v.t. to make dizzy
wirch ‫ ورچ‬bear
wird ‫ ورد‬little, tiny; ~a ~a ‫ وردﻩ وردﻩ‬little
by little, slowly; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
investigate, examine closely; ~ u
khâsh-kirdin ‫ـــــﺮدن‬B ‫ـــــﺎش‬L ‫ ورد و‬v.t. to
crush, smash; ~akâr ‫ وردﻩﰷر‬investi-
gator; ordered, regular; ~akârî ‫وردﻩ‬
‫ ﰷری‬investigation; order, regularity
wiřena-kirdin ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ـﻨـﻪ‬l‫ وڕ‬v.t. to talk non-
sense, to talk in one’s sleep
wirg ‫ ورگ‬tripe
wiřk ‫ وڕک‬childish begging, whining; ~-
girtin la v.t. to pester
wirm ‫ ورم‬destroyed, damaged
wirsha ‫ ورﺷــــــــــﻪ‬brightness, glitter; ~dâr
‫ ورﺷﻪدار‬bright, loud in color
wiryâ p‫ ور‬clever; observant: wiryây ba
observe it carefully
wirûzhân ‫ ورووژان‬v.i. to be excited (of a
flock, crowd)
wis-bûn ‫ وس ﺑــــﻮون‬v.i. to be quiet: wis ba
be quiet!, shut up!
wisha ‫ وﺷﻪ‬word; ~dân ‫ وﺷﻪدان‬dictionary
wishk ‫ وﺷـــــﮏ‬dry; ~-bûn to stop dead in
one’s tracks: la je i khom wishk bûm I
was glued to the spot
wishtir ‫ وﺷﱰ‬camel
wishyâr ‫ـﻴـﺎر‬8‫ وﺷـ‬awake; ~-bûnawa v.i. to
wake up, be awake
wit ‫ وت‬speech; ~-u-wezh ‫ـــــﮋ‬¤‫ وت و و‬lan-
guage, speech, talk; ~-u-wezh-kirdin
v.t. to talk, to discuss; ~a ‫ وﺗــــــــــﻪ‬word,
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
speech; ~âr ‫ر‬c‫ و‬speech, article
witin ‫ــــــﻦ‬Ž‫ و‬łe- ‰‫ــــــ‬T ba v.t. to say to, tell:
pe’m wit I told him; ~awa to repeat
witrân ‫ـــﺮان‬Ž‫ و‬witre- ‫ـــﺮێ‬Ž‫ و‬v.p. to be said;
~ ba to be called: Hama’y pe dawitre
he is called Hama
witû ‫ وﺗ ـﻮو‬iron; ~-kirdin v.t. to iron; ~chî
‫ ـﮐﺘـﻮوﭼـﯽ‬ironer, cleaner; ~kirâw ‫ـﺮاو‬B‫وﺗـﻮو‬
ironed
wiza ‫ وزﻩ‬power, ability
wîrd ‫ــــﺮد‬a‫ و‬charm, incantation; ~-khwen-
din to recite an incantation
wîst ‫ و§ﺴﺖ‬will
wîstin ‫ و§ــــــﺴــــــﱳ‬we- ‫( وێ‬v.t., pres. tense
‫( دﻩﻣـــــﻪوێ‬d)amawe, ‫( دﻩﺗـــــﻪوێ‬d)atawe,
&c., or ‫ ـﻢ دﻩوێ‬-im (d)awe, ‫ ـﺖ دﻩوێ‬-it
(d)awe, &c.) to want; pe-~ to be
necessary
wurd ‫ = وورد‬wird
wutuwezh-kirdin lagał ‫ﮔـﻪڵ‬v ‫ـﺮدن‬B ‫ـﮋ‬a‫ووﺗـﻮو‬
v.t. to converse, hold talks with
wutin ‫ﻦ‬Ž‫ = وو‬witin
wutû ‫ = ووﺗﻮو‬witû
yakha ‫ ـﻪ‬L‫ ﯾ ـﻪ‬collar: dastyân dâyà yakha i
yek they grabbed each other by the
collar; ~-girtin ‫ـــﻦ‬Ž‫ـــﻪ ﮔـــﺮ‬L‫ ﯾـــﻪ‬v.t. to lay
hands on, get hold of, trap: ~’y girtim
she trapped me
yaqa ‫ = ﯾﻪﻗﻪ‬yakha
yâd ‫د‬p memory; henânà ~ ‫د‬p ‫ـــﻨـــﺎﻧـــﻪ‬²‫ ﻫـــ‬to
call to mind, remember; ~agâr ‫دﻩﮔــــﺎر‬p
memory, souvenir, memento; ~âwar
‫داوﻩر‬p reminder
yâkhud ‫ﺧﻮد‬p or
yân ‫ن‬p or
yâna ‫ﻧﻪ‬p club
yâr ‫ر‬p friend
yârałmâsî ‫ﲈﳻ‬T‫رﻩ‬p potato
yârî ‫ری‬p play, game; ~-kirdin ‫ــــﺮدن‬B ‫ری‬p
v.t. to play; ~kar ‫ﮑﻪر‬a‫ر‬p player
yârîda ‫رﯾﺪﻩ‬p help, assistance
yârmatî ‫رﻣـﻪﰏ‬p help; ~-dân ‫رﻣـﻪﰏ دان‬p v.t.
to help
yâsâ ‫ﺳـﺎ‬p law, statute; ~wil ‫ﺳـﺎول‬p police-
237
man
yek ‫ ﯾــــــــﻪک‬one: ~e l’ awân one of them;
~èkyân one of them; each other; dânà
~ v.t. to throw together; har ~ay each
one of them; hâtinà ~ to collapse, to
go to pieces; ~-girtin v.i. to unite; ~ la
dwâ i ~ one after another, successive:
rizhem a yekladwâiyekakân i ‘erâq
successive regimes in Iraq; ~-khistin
v.t. to unite
-yèk ‫( ﯾـــــﻪک‬indef. encl. after vowels) = -
èk
yekatî ‫ ﯾــــﻪﮐــــﻪﰏ‬union: yekatî i sovyet the
Soviet Union
yekdang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ ﯾﻪﮐﺪﻩر‬unanimous(ly)
yekè ‰‫ ﯾﻪﮐ‬la one of
yekèk ‫ــﮏ‬²‫ ﯾــﻪﮐــ‬someone, anyone who (+
subj)
yeketî ‫ﱴ‬²‫ = ﯾﻪﮐ‬yekatî
yekgirtû ‫ ﯾـﻪ ـﮐﮕـﺗﺮـﻮو‬united: natawa yekgir-
tûakân the United Nations
yekjâr ‫ـﺎر‬í'‫ ﯾـﻪ ـ‬at once, altogether; ~î last,
final
yekkhistin ‫ ﯾﻪ'ﺨﺴﱳ‬unification
yeksar ‫ﺴﻪر‬B‫ ﯾﻪ‬immediately, right away
yeksân ‫ـﺴـﺎن‬B‫ ﯾـﻪ‬alike, identical; ~î identi-
cality
yekshamma ‫ ﯾﻪ'ﺸﻪﳑﻪ‬Sunday
yektir ‫ ﯾﻪﮐﱰ‬each other, one another
yekudû ‫ـــﻮدوو‬B‫ ﯾـــﻪ‬without pause, straight-
away
yen- ‫ﻦ‬Œ‫ ﯾ‬see henân
yeshân ‫ﺸـﺎن‬Œ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ ــ‬yesh- ‫ــﺶ‬Œ‫( ﯾ‬v.i.&t.) to hurt:
sarim ayeshâ I had a headache
zabalâḥ ‫ زﻩﺑﻪﻻح‬huge, enormous
zabr ‫ زﻩ–ﺮ‬blow, force, strength
zabûn ‫ زﻩﺑــــــــــــﻮون‬miserable, helpless; ~î
‫ زﻩﺑﻮوﱏ‬misery, helplessness
zaḥmat ‫ زﻩﲪﻪت‬trouble, difficulty
za’îf ‫ زﻩﻋ ـﻴ ـﻒ‬thin; lâm i ~ ‫ ﻻﱉ زﻩﻋ ـﻴ ـﻒ‬the
liquid l
zalâm ‫ زﻩﻻم‬big, large; fellow
zalîl ‫ زﻩﻟﻴﻞ‬wretched, downcast
zamân ‫ زﻩﻣﺎن‬time
 SORANI KURDISH
zamâwin ‫ زﻩﻣــــﺎون‬, zamâwand ‫زﻩﻣــــﺎوﻩﻧــــﺪ‬
wedding; ~-kirdin v.t. to wed
zambar ‫ﻪر‬m‫ زﻩﻣ‬ornament
zamîn ‫ زﻩﻣﲔ‬earth, globe
zand ‫ زﻩﻧﺪ‬forearm
zang ‫ﮓ‬s‫ زﻩ‬bell
zangał ‫ﮕﻪڵ‬s‫ = زﻩ‬zargal
zangî ‫ﮕﯽ‬s‫ زﻩ‬black
zangîn ‫ﮕﲔ‬s‫ زﻩ‬rich
zaq ‫ زﻩق‬outstanding
zař ‫ زﻩڕ‬gold; ~angar goldsmith
zarâ’at ‫ زﻩرا`ﻪت‬agriculture
zard ‫ زﻩرد‬yellow, blond; ~awâla v‫زﻩردﻩوا‬
wasp, hornet; ~hałgařâw ‫ ـﮕ ـﻪڕاو‬T‫زﻩردﻫ ـﻪ‬
yellowed
zardakhana ‫ـــﻪﻧـــﻪ‬L‫ زﻩردﻩ‬smile; ~-girtin, -
kirdin v.t. to smile
zargał ‫ زﻩرﮔﻪڵ‬leggings
zařîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ زﻩڕ‬wasp
zarkî ‫ زﻩرﰽ‬jaundice, hepatitis
zarq ‫ زﻩرق‬glitter, glimmer; ~î glittering,
bright
zarra ‫ زﻩررﻩ‬particle, atom
zawî(n) ‫ﻦ‬a‫ زﻩو‬،‫ زﻩوی‬earth, ground, floor
zawîr ‫ــــﺮ‬a‫ زﻩو‬angry; ~ bûn la to be angry
with
zawq ‫ زﻩوق‬taste; ~î ‫ زﻩوﰵ‬happiness
zawt-kirdin ‫ﺮدن‬B ‫ زﻩوت‬v.t. to usurp
zân ‫ زان‬ze- ‫ زێ‬v.i. to be born; to be col-
lected (liquid), to well up: châwim
firmeskî te zâ tears welled up in my
eyes; âw zâyà dammân we’re drool-
ing (in anticipation)
zân|â ‡‫ زا‬learned; ~ist ‫ـﺴـﺖ‬ë‫ زا‬knowledge,
learning; ~istga ‫ﺘﮕـﻪ‬8‫ﺴ‬ë ‫زا ـ ـــ‬, ~istgâ ‫ﺘﮕـﺎ‬8‫ﺴ‬ë
‫زا ـ ـــ‬
university; ~istî ‫ـــﱴ‬8‫ـــﺴـــ‬ë‫ زا‬teaching, in-
struction; ~în ‫ زاﻧــــــــــــــﲔ‬zân- ‫ زان‬v.t. to
know: wâ bizânim as I believe, I think
(so); wâ’m zânî gâlta’m dagal dakâ I
thought he was joking with me; ~în
zân- ba v.t. to consider as; ~rân ‫ـــﺮان‬s‫زا‬
zânre- ‫ ـﺮێ‬s‫ زا‬v.p. to be known, discov-
ered; ~râw ‫ــــــــﺮاو‬s‫ زا‬discovery, finding;
~yâr ‫ زاﻧـــــــﻴـــــــﺎر‬learned, erudite; ~yârî
‫ زاﻧـﻴـﺎری‬knowledge, education: wazârat
238
i ~ Ministry of Education
zâr1 ‫ زار‬mouth: zârim bû ba tala i taqîw
I was left speechless; dam-u-~ ‫دﻩم و‬
‫ زار‬mouth
zâr2 ‫ زار‬miserable; la ~î in misery
zârâwa ‫ زاراوﻩ‬accent, dialect; zârawagal
‫ زاراوﻩﮔﻪل‬dialect bundle
zârawok ‫ زارﻩوۆک‬dialect, accent
zârik ‫ زارک‬mouth, opening
zârola v‫ زارۆ‬child
zât ‫ زات‬being, personage; courage, dar-
ing; ~ i … bûn to dare to (do some-
thing): ley datirsân u zât i nizzîk
bûnawayân nabû they were afraid of
him and didn’t dare get near
zâwâ ‫ زاوا‬husband, in-law; father’s sis-
ter’s husband; daughter’s husband;
sister’s husband
zâyała ‫ﻪ‬T‫ زاﯾﻪ‬echo
zâye ‫ زاﯾﻪ‬lost; ~-bûn to be lost
zâyinî ‫ زاﯾـــﲎ‬, zâyînî ‫ زاﯾـــ›ـــﲎ‬A.D.: sada i
nozdaham i ~ the 19th century A.D.
zelkâw ‫ﻠﲀو‬l‫ ز‬marsh
zeř g¤‫ ز‬gold; ~în ‫ﻦ‬ag¤‫ ز‬golden
zhahr ‫ ژﻩﻫـﺮ‬poison; ~âwî ‫ ژﻩﻫـﺮاوی‬poison-
ous; ~âwî-kirdin v.t. to poison
zham ‫ ژﻩم‬meal
zhaman ‫ ژﻩﻣﻪن‬sustenance
zhandin ‫ ژﻩﻧ ـﺪن‬v.t. to rub, stick (s.th. into
s.th. else); hał-~ ditto: har dû dast’î
hałzhandà khwen i azhdîhâká’dâ she
rubbed both hands in the dragon’s
blood
zhang ‫ــﮓ‬s‫ ژﻩ‬rust, verdigris; ~ le-dân v.t.
to rust, get rusty
zhân ‫ ژان‬pain, illness; ~-kirdin v.t. to
hurt, be painful; ~asar ‫ ژاﻧــــﻪﺳــــﻪر‬head-
ache
zhândin ‫ ژاﻧــــــﺪن‬zhen- ‫ــــــﻦ‬¤‫ ژ‬v.t.: râ-~ to
shake, rock
zhânpon ‫ ژاﻧﭙﯚن‬Japan
zhâr ‫ ژار‬poor, miserable; poison; ~-dân
v.t. to poison
zher ‫ـــــــــــﺮ‬¤‫ ژ‬under, beneath; la ~ …awa
from beneath, secretly; la ~ …dâ
 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY
under back to life; ~agânî ‫ ﻧزـﺪﻩﮔـﺎﱏ‬animation,
zhimâra ‫ ژﻣﺎرﻩ‬number, issue liveliness; ~awar ‫ ﻧزــــــﺪﻩوﻩر‬animal, liv-
zhimârdin ‫ ژﻣــــﺎردن‬zhimer- ‫ــــﺮ‬Œ‫ ژﻣــــ‬v.t. to ing creature
count; ~ ba to consider as zinjîr ‫ زﳒﲑ‬chain
zhimerrân ‫ـــــﺮران‬Œ‫ ژﻣـــــ‬v.p. to be counted, ziř ‫ زڕ‬barren tree; fart; step-; ~birâ ‫زڕ–ـــــﺮا‬
reckoned step-brother; ~khwishk ‫ زڕﺧـﻮﺷـﮏ‬step-
zhin ‫ ژن‬woman, wife; ~-henân v.t. to sister
get married (of a man), to take a wife; zirânî ‫ زراﱏ‬knee
~brâ ‫ ﻧژـــــــــﱪا‬wife’s brother; ~î ‫ ژﱏ‬wo- zirâw ‫ زراو‬gall, courage; ~toqîn ‫زراوﺗــﯚﻗــﲔ‬
manhood galling
zhinawtin ‫ـﻦ‬Ž‫ ﻧژـﻪو‬zhinaw- ‫ ﻧژـﻪو‬v.t. to hear, ziringân ‫ﮕـﺎن‬s‫ زرـ‬ziringe- ‰‫ﮕـ‬s‫ زرـ‬v.i to ring;
listen to ~awa ‫ﮕﺎﻧﻪوﻩ‬s‫ زر‬to reverberate
zhîkała ‫ﻪ‬T‫ﮑﻪ‬a‫ ژ‬cute, darling zirma ‫ زرﻣﻪ‬explosion, blast
zhîla(mo) (‫)ﻣﯚ‬ƒ‫ ژﯾ‬ember under ashes zirtaboz ‫ زرﺗﻪﺑﯚز‬crooked old man
zhîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ژ‬life; ~azhân ‫ ژﯾﻨﻪژان‬life zistân ‫ﺘﺎن‬8‫ زﺳ‬winter
zhîshik ‫ ژ§ﺸﮏ‬hedgehog ziwân ‫ = زوان‬zimân
zhûr ‫ ژوور‬room; upward direction; la ziyâ p‫ ز‬much, more; ~tir la v ‫ـــﺮ‬Žp‫ ز‬more
~awa ‫ژوورﻩوﻩ‬v inside; ~è ‫ ژوورێ‬inside; than
baraw~ la v ‫ ﺑـــــــــــﻪرﻩوژوور‬on the other ziyâd ‫د‬p‫ ز‬much; ~î increase; ~tir la
side of more than; ~-kirdin v.t. to add
zhûrû ‫ ژووروو‬north ziyâfat ‫ﻓﻪت‬p‫ ز‬banquet
zhûzhû ‫ ژووژوو‬hedgehog ziyân ‫ن‬p‫ ز‬damage, loss
zhwânga ‫ﮕﻪ‬s‫ ژوا‬meeting place zîlamo ‫ﻣﯚ‬ƒ‫ = زﯾ‬zhîlamo
zhyân ‫ن‬p‫ ژ‬life; ~dostî ‫ ـﱴ‬8‫ﻧ ـﺪۆﺳ ـ‬p‫ ژ‬love of zît ‫ زﯾﺖ‬clever
life zîn ‫ﻦ‬a‫ ز‬saddle
zhyân ‫ن‬p‫ ژ‬zhî- ‫ ژی‬v.i. to live; bízhî … zînawar ‫ زﯾﻨﻪوﻩر‬alive, living thing
long live … zînd- ‫ زﯾﻨﺪ‬see zind-
zhyâr ‫ر‬p‫ ژ‬urban life zîndân ‫ زﯾﻨﺪان‬prison
zibân ‫ = ز¶ن‬zimân zîndû ‫ = زﯾﻨﺪوو‬zindû
zibr ‫ ز–ﺮ‬rough, coarse zîqândin ‫ زﯾـــﻘـــﺎﻧـــﺪن‬zîqen- ‫ـــﻦ‬Œ‫ زﯾـــﻘـــ‬v.t. to
zig ‫ = زگ‬sik scream
zigmâk ‫ زﮔــــﲈک‬congenital, native: zwân i zîrak ‫ﺮﻩک‬a‫ ز‬clever
~im my native language zîz ‫ﺰ‬a‫ ز‬unhappy, angry
zik ‫ = زک‬sik zmân1 ‫ = زﻣﺎن‬zabân
zikmâk ‫ = زﮐﲈک‬zigmâk zmân2 ‫ = زﻣﺎن‬zimân
zil ‫ زل‬large in body, huge zoł ‫ زۆڵ‬bastard
zilâm ‫ = زﻻم‬zalâm zor1 ‫ زۆر‬force; ~-henân bo v.t. to apply
zilla ò‫ ز‬slap; ~-sirawândin v.t. to slap force to; ~-kirdin la kho- v.t. to force
zimân ‫ زﻣـﺎن‬tongue, language; ~bad ‫زﻣـﺎﻧﺒــﻪد‬ oneself, try hard (+ subj., to do s.th.);
foul-mouthed, ill-speaking; ~wân ~dâr ‫ زۆردار‬forceful, cruel, oppres-
‫ زﻣﺎﻧﻮان‬linguist sive; ~dârî ‫ زۆرداری‬cruelty, oppres-
zindâna ‫ زﻧﺪاﻧﻪ‬prison sion; piř~ ‫زۆر‬gº strong, forceful
zind|û ‫ ﻧزـﺪوو‬alive; ba ~ûî ‫ ﺑـﻪﻧزـﺪووﰃ‬alive: zor2 ‫ زۆر‬very; a lot, much; …èk i ~
ba zindûî darhenrâ he was taken out many: shitèk i zor many things; ~’î pe
alive; ba ~ heshtinawa v.t. to bring nachû before long, it wasn’t long be-
239
 SORANI KURDISH
fore zuřnâ ‡‫ زوڕ‬clarion
zorân ‫ زۆران‬wrestling; ~-girtin v.t. to zurûf ‫ زورووف‬circumstances
wrestle zû ‫ زوو‬early, soon; ba ~î quickly, fast
zorba ‫ زۆرﺑــــﻪ‬large quantity; majority; ~ i zûr ‫ زوور‬rough, coarse
zor i the vast majority of zwân1 ‫ = زوان‬zimân tongue, language;
zorzân ‫ زۆرزان‬clever; ~î cleverness ~nâs ‫ زواﻧﻨــﺎس‬linguist; ~nâsî ‫ زواﻧﻨــﺎﳻ‬lin-
zozân ‫ زۆزان‬mountainous region, sum- guistic, linguistics; shewa~ ‫ــﻮﻩزوان‬²‫ــــ‬8 ‫ﺷ‬
mer pasturage dialect
zubân ‫ = زو¶ن‬zimân zwân2 ‫ زوان‬time: b’ am ~á at this time
zulm ‫ زوﱂ‬injustice, tyranny; ~lekrâw ‫زوﱂ‬ zwel ‫ﻞ‬l‫ زو‬garbage
‫ﮑﺮاو‬²‫ ﻟ‬oppressed zwer ‫ﺮ‬¤‫ زو‬angry
zuřât ‫ زوڕات‬corn zwîr ‫ﺮ‬a‫ = زو‬zwer
zurba ‫ = زورﺑﻪ‬zorba

240
 General Index

‘Able, be’ §21 §12.1

Adjectives, attributive §5; compara- Orthographic peculiarities §41
tive §13; with definite nouns §8; Participles, past passive §34.1; per-
superlative §13; synopsis §9 fect active §28
Alphabet, pp. 4–7 Phonology, pp. 1–3
Bîr §22 Possession §6
Calendar §12.3 Postpositions §14
Circumpositions §14 Prepositions §14, preposed pronom-
Conditionals §19(5), §32(a), §33 inal prepositional complements
Conjunctions, subordinating §38 §14.1; possessive pronouns dis-
Copulas §15 placed by preposed prepositional
complements §27.4
Days of the week §12.2
Pronouns, agent affixes §27, as
Demonstratives §4
logical objects of past transitive
Directionals §40 verbs §27.2; personal §10; pos-
-è §40 sessive §10.1; preposed pronom-
Ergativity §27, §27.1 inal complements §14.1; preposi-
‘Have’ §16 tional complements with agent af-
-îsh §11 fixes §27.3; possessive pronouns
displaced by preposed preposi-
Izâfa §6, §7
tional complements §27.4; pro-
Months §12.3
nominal objects of verbs §23
Moods, irrealis §32
Relative clauses §39
Noun, absolute state §1; definite
‘Remember’ §22
state §3; indefinite state §2; plural
nouns with attributive adjectives South Sorani §27.1
§8; postposed verbal comple- Stress, p. 3
ments §35; synopsis of states §9 Temporal duration §37
Numbers, cardinal §12, ordinal Twânîn §21

163
 SORANI KURDISH
Verbs, factitive §36; imperative perfect tense §29, §29.1; present
§24; irrealis mood §32; in -awa subjunctive §19; simple past §25;
§18; passive voice §34; past con- §27
ditional §33; past habitual/pro- Vowel contractions §42
gressive (intransitive) §26; past ‘Want’ §20
passive participle §34.1; past per-
Wîstin §20
fect tense §30, §30.1; present ha-
bitual/progressive §17; present -yatî §15, §29.1

164