Medical physics

The First Pa!

When the sound passes from one medium to another 1 point

frequency and wavelength change while speed stays the same

Speed and wavelength change while frequency stays the same

Speed and frequency change while wavelength stays the same

Speed, frequency, and wavelength stays the same

Clear selection

The physical quantity that determines pitch is the 1 point

frequency

wavelength

speed

intensity

Clear selection

Jaundice is treated by phototherapy using 1 point

Visible light

X- ray

UV light

IR light

Clear selection

In almost all clinical images, the primary nucleus used to get the image in 1 point
MRI in is the nucleus of

nitrogen

carbon

oxygen

hydrogen

Clear selection

The pressure that responsible for the degree of the alveolar in"ation is 1 point

Transrespiratory pressure gradient

the pressure across the chest wall

Transthoracic pressure gradient

Transpulm onary pressure gradient

Clear selection

The diagnostic radionuclide used in nuclear medicine are 1 point

Emitter of enough penetrating gamma rays such as 99mTc

Option 1Emitter of poor penetrating β particles such as 3H

Emitter of charged particles and have a long physical half-life

Emitter of protons and neutrons

Clear selection

The standard international unit of radioactivity is 1 point

roentgen

Becqueral

Cuire

Gray

Clear selection

The maximum amount of air that can be expired a#er a maximum 1 point

inspiration called

Tidal volume

Inspiratory capacity

Vital capacity

Total lung capacity

Clear selection

The bene$cial use of IR in medicine is based on: 1 point

Their emissive photography use short heat wave from the body

Their produced affect similar to those produced by visible light

Their wavelength is lower than that of visible light

Their reKective photography can show the patterns of the veins

Clear selection

Continuous ultrasound with intensity = 1 W/cm2 is typical used in 1 point

Ultrasound imaging

Producing a tissue tearing effect

Producing a tissue heating effect

Producing a tissue destroying effect

Clear selection

Air entering the body is $ltered, warmed, and humidi$ed by the 1 point

lower respiratory tract.

upper respiratory tract.

alveoli.

lungs.

Clear selection

The following nerve has a higher resistance than a nerve of 20 microns in 1 point

diameter and 1-inch length:

Nerve of a 25 micron diameter and 1 inch length

Nerve of a 10 micron diameter and 1.5 inch length

Nerve of a 20 micron diameter and 0.5 inch length

Nerve of a 25 micron diameter and 0.3 inch length

Clear selection

Regarding radiation protection in radiation therapy 1 point

Patients containing internal sources must leave the hospital immediately after the
treatment

Patients with internal sources free to leave the hospital at any time

Patients containing internal sources must stay in the hospital until radiation level has
fallen to a safe level

Patients with internal sources try to minimize spend time with other patients

Clear selection

The physical prope!ies of the three major types o nuclear radiation 1 point

Gamma rays usually have much higher energies than the x-rays used in diagnostic
radiology

Alpha, gamma and beta rays from a given sources have Txed energies

Alpha particle are more penetrating than beta rays in tissues

Alpha and beta particles bend in the same directions in magnetic and electric Telds

Clear selection

The nuclei are active in MRI technique should have 1 point

any number of proton and neutron

a single number of proton and neutron

two protons

one neutron

Clear selection

The following sound produced by percussion indicates the presence of a 1 point

solid mass

Stony dull

Hyper-resonant

Resonant

Dull sound

Clear selection

An otoscope is a tool that uses to looking inside 1 point

ears

stomach

eyes

nose

Clear selection

The following is the basic characteristics of radioactivity 1 point

Heavy atoms tend to have less radioisotopes than light atoms or elements

Meta-stable elements emits only gamma rays and changed to stable of the same
elements

When an element decays it stays in the same chemical form

Identifying the radionuclide is done from the type of their radiation but not the energy
of it

Clear selection

Regarding the de$nition of radiation protection 1 point

It involves the measurement of all types of radiation

It involves the differentiation between alpha, beta, and gamma

It involves knowing how much radiation should be used in the treatment and diagnose

It involves how to use Geiger-Muller (GM) counter to measure the radiation

Clear selection

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique is used to 1 point

produce images of

White matter in the brain

Brain structure

Brain activity

Heart activity

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The pa! of the neuron that specialized for receiving information from 1 point
other cells is

nerve Tbers

neuron

Cell body

dendrite

Clear selection

Flexible endoscopes 1 point

Are made of glass tubes with light sources

Should not be equipped with a facility to take biopsies

Are made of Tber optics

Are limited to examine same regions as those examined y rigid endoscopes

Clear selection

The genetic e%ect of ionizing radiation more feared somatic e%ect 1 point

because

it affects later generation

it affects a large area of the body

it appears directly after exposing to the radiation

it depends on the radiation dose

Clear selection

The instrument that can be used to measure most of the radiation types by 1 point

using $lters is

Option 1

Geiger-Muller counter

Film badges

Scintillation detectors

Clear selection

For an aVF within Augmented ECG leads, the recorder to: 1 point

LL and the resistors to the center of RA and LA

RA and the resistors to the center of LL and LA

LA and the resistors to the center of LL and RA

The negative terminal at the center of RA,LL and LA and the other is on the chest

Clear selection

The measurement unit of the blood pressure is 1 point

kilogram (Kg)

centimeter / second (cm/sec)

millimeter mercury (mmHg)

meter (m)

Clear selection

In the MRI technique, if the static magnetic $eld is 1 T and the 1 point

gyromagnetic ratio is 42.6 MH/T the Larmor frequency will be

60 MHz

1
MHz

42.6 MHz

40 MHz

Clear selection

To get diagnostic information about the hea! valve, it is preferred to use 1 point

D- mode ultrasound imaging

M- mode ultrasound imaging

B- mode ultrasound imaging

A-mode ultrasound imaging

Clear selection

The a!eries have blood pressure greater than the capillaries because 1 point

there is much blood in the arteries

the capillaries form a pipe have large in diameter compared to the diameter of the
artery

the diameter of a single capillary is larger

the capillaries have a thicker wall compared to the arteries

Clear selection

The phenomenon called resonance in MRI technique occur between 1 point

proton precession and

proton spin

net magnetisation

RF pulse

external magnetic Teld

Clear selection

To get a good quality of ultrasound image 1 point

To increase the non-perpendicular reKection of incident wave

The attenuation in the sound wave with depth should be maximized

To use a high frequency ultrasound wave

Spatial resolution should be large

Clear selection

During the turbulent "ow of the blood, the variation of the pressure and 1 point

velocity of the blood is

equal

maximum

random

constant

Clear selection

The following use of the radionuclide is according to its characteristics 1 point

99mTc is a gamma ray emitter so it is used as research radionuclide

3H gives β so it is used as diagnostic radionuclide

Neutrons have a high penetration depth so their emitters are used as therapeutic
radionuclide

32P is a gamma ray emitter so it is used as diagnostic radionuclide

Clear selection

All cells have a membrane potential because 1 point

The inside and outside of the membrane has the same number of ions

The inside of the membrane has more potassium ions and outside of the has more
sodium ions

The inside of the membrane has more potassium and sodium ions

The inside of the membrane has more sodium ions and outside of the has more
potassium ions

Clear selection

If the systolic pressure is 100 mmHg and the diastolic pressure is 75 mmHg, 1 point

the average pressure is

87.2 mmHg

85 mmHg

100 mmHg

87.5 mmHg

Clear selection

The following MRI scan method is used for anatomical purposes 1 point

any MRI scan

T2 weighted

Proton density weighted

T1 weighted

Clear selection

The following event occurs during the normal resting potential of a neuron 1 point

One K+ enters the neuron by its leak channel versus Na+ diffuse out by its leak
channel

One Na++ diffuses out the neuron by its leak channel versus 3 Na++ interred by
sodium-potassium exchange ump

One K+ enters the neuron by its leak channel versus 2 K+ ejected y sodium-potassium
exchange ump

sodium-potassium ejects 3 Na++ for every 2K+ recovered from the extracellular Kuid

Clear selection

In emphysema 1 point

A larger ∆P produces ∆V less than normal

The alveolar wall becomes thicker

The lung becomes less compliant

The pressures inside alveolar is 700 mmHg

Clear selection

Regarding radiation protection instrumentation 1 point

Scintillation detectors can identify an unknown radioactive contamination

Film badges are simple so that they cannot measure β rays

GM counter is so eecient so it is used in all investigations

TLD has NaI crystal to convert gamma rays into visible light

Clear selection

The pressure in alveolar at the end of inspiration is: 1 point

smaller than atmospheric pressure

760 mmHg

equal to the atmospheric pressure

763 mmHg

Clear selection

If the diameter of blood vessel change by a factor of 2 the blood "ow 1 point

change by

sixteen

Tve

eight

four

Clear selection

Regarding the Solar UV 1 point

Has no role in producing vitamin D

Doesn't affect the melanin in the skin

Has no effect on DNA in the cells

Could be a major cause of skin cancer

Clear selection

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 Medical physics

Second Pa!

The minimal reactive dose is the minimum amount of visible light energy 1 point

that will do observable damage to the retina.

True

False

Clear selection

Visible light can be used to heat deep tissues be"er used than Infrared 1 point
light.

False

True

Clear selection

The diagnostic X-rays are the largest source of man-made radiation. 1 point

False

True

Clear selection

A spirometer is a tool that is used to measure the volume of air exchanged 1 point
in the breathing process.

False

True

Clear selection

The pressure of a!erial blood is largely increased when the blood enters 1 point
the capillaries.

True

False

Clear selection

The internal resistance of an axon of a neuron of 2 meters is bigger than an 1 point

axon of 4 meters.

False

True

Clear selection

The relationship between the intensity of the sound and the loudness is 1 point

linear.

True

False

Clear selection

The spatial resolution in MRI technique is about 1 cm. 1 point

True

False

Clear selection

The T2 scan is useful for locating the damaged region in the brain. 1 point

False

True

Clear selection

The respiratory system has no role in keeping the blood pH constant. 1 point

False

True

Clear selection

The reduction of white blood cells in the blood (leucopenia) is one of the 1 point
somatic e#ects of ionizing radiation.

True

False

Clear selection

Sound waves travel through various materials at the same speed. 1 point

False

True

Clear selection

The pulses of FR which applied to the sample in the MRI technique is safe. 1 point

False

True

Clear selection

The laminar $ow of the blood has a sound while the turbulent $ow is silent. 1 point

True

False

Clear selection

Sound with frequencies between 3-5 Hz is used to investigate small 1 point

structures.

True

False

Clear selection

The exchange of CO2 and O2 between inspired air and blood occurs in 1 point

alveoli?

True

False

Clear selection

When the Ventilation - Pe%usion ratio is higher than 0.8, it means 1 point

ventilation exceeds pe%usion.

True

False

Clear selection

Positive and negative transpulmonary pressure is impo!ant to keep the 1 point

lungs in$ated at all times.

True

False

Clear selection

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