FORM 5 CHEMISTRY

Chapter 3 : Thermochemistry

3.2 : Heat of Reaction (Part 4)

Heat of Combustion

1. Burning of different fuels will produce different energy value.

2. Combustion of fuel is an exothermic reaction.

3. The heat of combustion is the heat released when 1 mole of a substance is completely burnt in excess oxygen,
O2.

Combustion of Alcohols

1. Alcohol molecules consist of carbon atom, C, hydrogen atom, H and oxygen atom, O.

2. Complete combustion of alcohols produces carbon dioxide, CO2 and water, H2O.

3. Combustion of alcohol also releases energy, which is an exothermic reaction.

Graph of Heat of Combustion of Alcohols against the Number of Carbon Atoms per Molecule of Alcohols

1. As the number of carbon atoms per alcohol molecule increases, the combustion of alcohol produces more carbon
dioxide and water molecules. Therefore, more heat is released.

2. The increment in the heat of combustion between successive members of alcohols is almost the same. This is
because each member differs from the following member with one CH2 group.

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Questions

The thermochemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH is shown below.

C2H5OH(l) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) ΔH = -1376 kJ mol−1

Calculate the mass of ethanol, C2H5OH needed to burn completely in excess oxygen, O2 in order to raise the
temperature of 200 cm3 of water, H2O by 50.0 °C. (Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings)
[Specific heat capacity of solution, c = 4.2 J g−1 °C−1; density of solution = 1 g cm−3; molar mass of ethanol = 46 g
mol−1]

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Homework

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