On the evening of 24 March 2020, the Government of India under Prime Minister

Narendra Modi ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, limiting movement of the
entire 1.38 billion (138 crore) population of India as a preventive measure against
the COVID-19 pandemic in India.[1] It was ordered after a 14-hour voluntary public
curfew on 22 March, followed by enforcement of a series of regulations in the
country's COVID-19 affected regions.[2][3] The lockdown was placed when the number
of confirmed positive coronavirus cases in India was approximately 500.[1] Upon its
announcement, a mass movement people across the country was described as the
largest since the partition of India in 1947.[4] Observers stated that the lockdown
had slowed the growth rate of the pandemic by 6 April to a rate of doubling every
six days,[5] and by 18 April, to a rate of doubling every eight days.[6] As the end
of the first lockdown period approached, state governments and other advisory
committees recommended extending the lockdown.[7] The governments of Odisha and
Punjab extended the state lockdowns to 1 May.[8] Maharashtra, Karnataka, West
Bengal and Telangana followed suit.[9][10] On 14 April, Prime minister Narendra
Modi extended the nationwide lockdown until 3 May, on written recommendation of
governors and lieutenant governors of all the states, with a conditional
relaxations after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been contained or
was minimal.[11]

On 1 May, the Government of India extended the nationwide lockdown further by two
weeks until 17 May. The Government divided all the districts into three zones based
on the spread of the virus—green, red, and orange—with relaxations applied
accordingly.[12] On 17 May, the lockdown was further extended till 31 May by the
National Disaster Management Authority.[13]

On 30 May, it was announced that lockdown restrictions were to be lifted from then
onwards, while the ongoing lockdown would be further extended till 30 June for only
the containment zones. Services would be resumed in a phased manner starting from 8
June. It was termed as "Unlock 1.0".[14] Modi later clarified that the lockdown
phase in the country was over and that 'unlock' had already begun.[15]

The second phase of unlock, Unlock 2.0, was announced for the period of 1 to 31
July, with more ease in restrictions.[16] Unlock 3.0 was announced for August.[17]
Similarly, Unlock 4.0 was announced for September[18] and Unlock 5.0 for the month
of October.[19] In the same way, Unlock 6.0 was announced for the month of
November,[20] Unlock 7.0 was announced for the month of December.[21] Due to the
second wave of infection in the country, several state governments like Uttar
Pradesh[22] and Delhi[23] have announced partial lockdowns in April 2021.

Contents
1 Background
1.1 Janata Curfew
1.2 Relaxations
2 Timeline
2.1 Lockdown in 2020
2.1.1 Phase 1 (24 March – 14 April)
2.1.2 Phase 2 (15 April – 3 May)
2.1.3 Phase 3 (4–17 May)
2.1.4 Phase 4 (18–31 May)
2.2 Unlock
2.2.1 Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June)
2.2.2 Unlock 2.0 (1–31 July)
2.2.3 Unlock 3.0 (1–31 August)
2.2.4 Unlock 4.0 (1–30 September)
2.2.5 Unlock 5.0 (1–31 October)
2.2.6 Unlock 6.0 (1–30 November)
2.3 Lockdown in 2021
3 Impact
3.1 Economic Impact
3.2 Migrant workers
3.3 Food supply chain
3.4 Relief
3.5 Impact on environment
3.6 Effectiveness
4 Reception
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Background
Main article: COVID-19 pandemic in India
File:PM Modi's address to the nation on vital aspects relating to COVID-19
menace.webm
Modi's address to the nation before the lockdown.
The Government of India confirmed India's first case of COVID-19 on 30 January 2020
in the state of Kerala, when a university student from Wuhan travelled back to the
state.[24] As the number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases closed 500, Modi on
19 March, asked all citizens to observe 'Janata Curfew' (people's curfew) on
Sunday, 22 March.[25] At the end of the curfew, Modi stated: "Janata Curfew is just
the beginning of a long battle against COVID-19". Following this, while addressing
the nation second time on 24 March, he announced the nationwide lockdown from
midnight of that day, for a period of 21 days.[26] He said that the only solution
to control the spread of coronavirus was to break the cycle of transmission through
social distancing.[27] He also added that the lockdown would be enforced more
strictly than the Janata Curfew.[28]

Janata Curfew
The Janata Curfew (transl. People's curfew) was a 14-hour curfew on 22 March 2020
initiated by Prime Minister of India, Shri Narendra Modi(from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m.).
[29] Every person was required to obey the curfew, with exceptions for people of
"essential services" such as police, medical services, media, home delivery
professionals, and firefighters. At 5 p.m. that day, all citizens were asked to
stand in their doorways, balconies or windows, and clap their hands or ring their
bells in appreciation for the professionals delivering these essential services.
[30] People belonging to National Cadet Corps and National Service Scheme were to
enforce the curfew in the country.[31] The Prime Minister also urged the youth to
inform 10 others about Janata Curfew and encourage everyone to observe the curfew.
[31]

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The lockdown restricted people from stepping out of their homes.[28] All transport
services–road, air and rail–were suspended, with exceptions for transportation of
essential goods, fire, police and emergency services.[32] Educational institutions,
industrial establishments and hospitality services were also suspended.[32]
Services such as food shops, banks and ATMs, petrol pumps, other essentials and
their manufacturing are exempted.[33] The Home Ministry stated that anyone who
fails to follow the restrictions can face up to a year in jail.[32]

Relaxations
From 4 May 2020, the lockdown was eased with several relaxations in all zones per
Ministry of Home Affair's guidelines.[34]

Activities permitted and restricted in each zone (4 – 17 May 2020)

As part of Unlock 2.0 in July, most activities are permitted outside of containment
zones, except educational institutions, international air travel, places of
recreation (swimming pools, gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars,
auditoriums, and assembly halls), and large gatherings of any kind.[35]

One of the major development was around the re-opening of wine shops. As per the
guidelines of issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs, wine shops were allowed to
re-open, however, people were asked to follow the protocols of social distancing
and as well as wearing a mask.[36] But in effect, things panned out to be utterly
chaotic as long queues gathered outside wine shops from as early as 7 am.[37][38]

This led to State Governments and Municipal Corporations deciding to shut down wine
shops again in some places. (e.g. - Mumbai).[39] While some states decided to
'discourage alcohol consumption' by levying special taxes on alcohol. Delhi imposed
a 70% 'Special Corona Fees'.[40] Andhra Pradesh increased the prices by 75%.[41]
Tamil Nadu hiked the excise duty on India Made Foreign Alcohol by 15%.[42]

Delhi also came up with a system of e-token to avoid long queues outside wine
shops.[43] This also lead to the online sale of alcohol in some states that was
previously prohibited.[44]

Timeline

Prime Minister Narendra Modi in a video conference during the lockdown.

Lockdown in 2020
Phase 1 (24 March – 14 April)
On 24 March, the first day of the lockdown, nearly all services and factories were
suspended.[45] People were hurrying to stock essentials in some parts.[46] Arrests
across the states were made for violating norms of lockdown such as venturing out
for no emergency, opening businesses and also home quarantine violations.[47] The
government held meetings with e-commerce websites and vendors to ensure a seamless
supply of essential goods across the nation during the lockdown period.[47] Several
states announced relief funds for the poor and affected people[47] while the
central government was finalising a stimulus package.[48]

On 26 March, finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a ₹170,000 crore (US$24

billion) stimulus package to help those affected by the lockdown.[49] The package
was aimed to provide food security measures for poor households through direct cash
transfers, free cereal and cooking gas for three months.[50] It also provided
insurance coverage for medical personnel.[49]

On 27 March, the Reserve Bank of India announced a slew of measures to help

mitigate the economic impacts of the lockdown.[51]

Prior to the announcement of the nationwide lockdown, on 22 March, the government

had announced that the Indian Railways would suspend passenger operations through
31 March.[52] The national rail network has maintained its freight operations
during the lockdown, to transport essential goods.[53] On 29 March, the Indian
Railways announced that it would start services for special parcel trains to
transport essential goods, in addition to the regular freight service.[54] The
national rail operator also announced plans to convert coaches into isolation wards
for patients of COVID-19.[55] This has been described as the first time in 167
years that India's rail network had been suspended,[56] although there was also a
strike in 1974.[57]

Lamp lighting observed on 5 April 2020 during lockdown

On 5 April, citizens all over India cheered and showed solidarity with the health
workers, police, and all those fighting the disease by switching off the electric
lights at home for 9 minutes from 9:00 p.m. to 9:09 p.m. and observed lighting
diya, candle; and flashing torchlight and mobile flashlight.[58][59]

As the end of the initial lockdown period came near, many state governments
expressed their decision to extend it till the end of April. Among them were
Odisha,[60] Punjab,[61] Maharashtra,[62] Karnataka with some relaxations,[9] West
Bengal and Telangana.[10]

Towards the end of the initial period, the rate of growth of COVID infections in
India had significantly slowed, from a rate of doubling every three days before the
lockdown to one of doubling every eight days on 18 April.[6]

Phase 2 (15 April – 3 May)

On 14 April, Modi extended the nationwide lockdown till 3 May, with a conditional
relaxation promised after 20 April for the regions where the spread had been
contained by then.[11] He said that every town, every police station area and every
state would be carefully evaluated to see if it had contained the spread. The areas
that were able to do so would be released from the lockdown on 20 April. If any new
cases emerged in those areas, lockdown could be reimposed.[63]

On 16 April, lockdown areas were classified as "red zone", indicating the presence
of infection hotspots, "orange zone" indicating some infection, and "green zone"
with no infections.[64]

The government also announced certain relaxations from 20 April, allowing

agricultural businesses, including dairy, aquaculture, and plantations, as well as
shops selling farming supplies, to open. Public works programmes were also allowed
to reopen with instructions to maintain social distancing. Cargo vehicles,
including trucks, trains, and planes, would run. Banks and government centres
distributing benefits would open as well.[65]

On 25 April, small retail shops were allowed to open with half the staff. Again
social distancing norms were to be followed.[66]

On 29 April, The Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for the states to allow
inter-state movement of the stranded persons. States have been asked to designate
nodal authorities and form protocols to receive and send such persons. States have
also been asked to screen the people, quarantine them, and do periodic health
checkups.[67]

Phase 3 (4–17 May)

On 1 May, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and the Government of India (GoI)
further extended the lockdown period to two weeks beyond 4 May, with some
relaxations.[68][69] The country has been split into 3 zones: red zones (130
districts), orange zones (284 districts), and green zones (320 districts).[70] Red
zones are those with high coronavirus cases and a high doubling rate, orange zones
are those with comparatively fewer cases than red zone and green zones are those
without any cases in the past 21 days. Normal movement is permitted in green zones
with buses limited to 50 percent capacity. Orange zones would allow only private
and hired vehicles but no public transportation. The red zones would remain under
lockdown. The zone classification would be revised once a week.[71]
Phase 4 (18–31 May)
On 17 May, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and the Ministry of
Home Affairs (MHA) extended the lockdown for a period for two weeks beyond 18 May,
with additional relaxations. Unlike the previous extensions, states were given a
larger say in the demarcation of Green, Orange and Red zones and the implementation
roadmap. Red zones were further divided into to containment and buffer zones. The
local bodies were given the authority to demarcate containment and buffer zones.
[72][73][74]

Unlock
Unlock 1.0 (1–30 June)
The MHA issued fresh guidelines for June, stating that the phases of reopening
would "have an economic focus". Lockdown restrictions were only to be imposed in
containment zones, while activities were permitted in other zones in a phased
manner. This first phase of reopening was termed "Unlock 1.0"[14] and permitted
shopping malls, religious places, hotels, and restaurants to reopen from 8 June.
Large gatherings were still banned,[75] but there were no restrictions on
interstate travel. Night curfews were in effect from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas
and state governments were allowed to impose suitable restrictions on all
activities.[76]

In future phases of reopening, further activities are to be permitted. In Phase II,

all educational institutions are scheduled to reopen in July, pending consultations
with state governments. In Phase III, easing of restrictions on international air
travel, operation of metros, and recreational activities (swimming pools,
gymnasiums, theatres, entertainment parks, bars, auditoriums, and assembly halls)
would be decided upon in August.[75]

Unlock 2.0 (1–31 July)

Phase II of Unlock began on 1 July under the guidelines and instructions of the MHA
and the NDMA. Lockdown measures were only imposed in containment zones. In all
other areas, most activities were permitted. Night curfews were in effect from 10
p.m. to 5 a.m. in all areas. State governments were allowed to put suitable
restrictions on all activities, but state borders remained open to all. Inter- and
intrastate travel was permitted. Limited international travel was permitted as part
of the Vande Bharat Mission. Shops were permitted to allow more than five persons
at a time. Educational institutions, metros, recreational activities remained
closed till 31 July. Only essential activities were permitted in containment zones
while maintaining strict parameter control and "intensive contact tracing, house-
to-house surveillance, and other clinical interventions". Further guidelines
regarding usage of Aarogya Setu and masks were reiterated.[16]

Unlock 3.0 (1–31 August)

Unlock 3.0 for August 2020 removed night curfews and permitted gymnasiums and yoga
centres to reopen from 5 August. Educational institutions would remain closed till
31 August. All inter-and intrastate travel and transportation are permitted.
Independence Day celebrations are permitted with social distancing.[17] Maharashtra
and Tamil Nadu imposed a lockdown for the whole month, while West Bengal imposed
lockdowns twice a week.[77] On 30 August the Delhi Metro started its operations
with two metro lines[citation needed]

Unlock 4.0 (1–30 September)

On 29 August 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities
permitted in Unlock 4.0. It said that "Lockdown shall remain in force in the
Containment Zones till 30th September 2020".[78] Outside the containment zone,
however, some activities were given permission. Metro Rail was allowed to be
reopened in a graded manner from 7 September.[78] Marriage functions with
gatherings of up to 50 people and funereal/last rites ceremonies with up to 20
people were permitted.[78] Religious, entertainment, political, sports, academic
functions and gatherings of up to 100 people were allowed.[78] Face coverings/masks
were made compulsory in public places, workplaces and during transport.[78]

Unlock 5.0 (1–31 October)

On 30 September 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities
permitted in Unlock 5.0.[79] For schools it has a preference for online learning if
possible, but States and Union Territories will be able to make those decisions
from 15 October, in a graded manner. Lockdown shall remain in force strictly in the
Containment Zones till 30 November 2020.[80] Also, swimming pools being used for
training of sportsperson would be allowed to open.[79] Cinema halls, that had
remained close all this while, could finally be opened from 15 October 2020, with a
50% of their seating capacity.[79] On 3 November the Government of Kerala opened
its tourism sector by reopening hill stations, beaches, national park, and inter-
state public transport movement

The Government Of India has decided to open all educational institutions by January
2021 including schools and colleges and universities across India. The Government
of Kerala has decided to open its school from December 2020.

Unlock 6.0 (1–30 November)

On 27 October 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs issued guidelines for activities
permitted in Unlock 6.0.[81][82][83] The Ministry of Home Affairs did not make any
new changes to the existing Unlock 5.0 guidelines in its latest instructions for
another set of unlocking and said that they would continue to be implemented in the
month of November too.[84] Also, a handful of states have allowed opening up of
more activities outside containment zones and announced partial reopening of
schools.[85] Lockdown has been enforced time and again in spite of attempts to
permanently move towards an unlock phase.[86] The government of India has extended
the ban on scheduled international flights till January 31.[87]

Lockdown in 2021
[icon]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2021)
As the second wave of COVID-19 hit India, several states went in partial or
complete lockdown again.[88]

Impact
Food delivery services were banned by several state governments despite the central
government's approval.[89] Thousands of people emigrated out of major Indian
cities, as they became jobless after the lockdown.[90] Following the lockdown,
India's electricity demand fell down to a five-month low on 28 March 2020.[91] Many
states were keen on opening up liquor shops during the lockdown which was finally
allowed in the 3rd phase beginning on 4 May. Reports of a surge in illicit liquor
sales and most importantly, drying up of revenue from liquor sales was the main
stimulation.[92][93]

Due to the lockdown, more than 350 deaths were reported as of 10 May, with reasons
ranging from starvation, suicides,[94] exhaustion,[95] road and rail accidents,[96]
police brutality[97][98][99] and denial of timely medical care.[100] Among the
reported deaths, most were among the marginalised migrants and labourers.[101][102]

Economic Impact
Main article: Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India
India had already been experiencing a prolonged economic slowdown.[103] The GDP
growth rate had fallen from 8.2% in January–March 2018 to 3.1% in January–March
2020.[104]

In the first quarter of the financial year 2020-2021, this number went into
negative. The GDP growth rate for April–June 2020 was -23.9%, which happened to be
the worst ever in history.[105] Crucial parameters like manufacturing,
construction, trade, hotel industry saw a decline and slid into negative.
Manufacturing growth at -39.3%, Mining growth at -23.3%, Construction growth at
-50%, Trade & hotel industry growth at -47%.[105]

Migrant workers
Main article: Indian migrant workers during the COVID-19 pandemic

Migrant workers stand in a queue for food at Delhi Government school during COVID-
19 lockdown at Delhi
With factories and workplaces shut down, millions of migrant workers had to deal
with the loss of income, food shortages and uncertainty about their future.[106]
[107] Following this, many of them and their families went hungry.[108] While
government schemes ensured that the poor would get additional rations due to the
lockdown, the distribution system failed to be effective.[109][110]

With no work and no money, thousands of migrant workers were seen walking or
bicycling hundreds of kilometres to go back to their native villages.[111] Many
were arrested for violating the lockdown[112] and some died of exhaustion[113] or
in accidents on the roads.[114]

On 29 March 2020, the government ordered landlords to not demand rent and employers
to pay wages without deduction. It also announced that those who violated the
lockdown were to be sent to government-run quarantine facilities for 14 days.[115]
[116]

In its report to the Supreme Court of India on 31 March, the central government
stated that the migrant workers, apprehensive about their survival, moved in the
panic created by fake news that the lockdown would last for more than three months.
[117][118]

In late March, the Uttar Pradesh government decided to arrange buses at Delhi's
Anand Vihar bus station to take the migrants back to their villages for free.[119]
Migrants across the country remained stranded till the last week of April, when the
state governments were finally permitted by the central government to operate
buses, but not trains.[120]

On 1 May 2020, the central government allowed the Indian Railways to launch
"Shramik Special" trains for the migrant workers and others stranded.[121] Due to
lack of coordination between originating states and railways, reports were claiming
that migrants were being charged for the train tickets. The government faced
criticism from the opposition.[122] The Railways later clarified that it was
bearing 85% of the total cost of running and the rest 15% which makes up the ticket
fare was being borne by the originating states.[123][124]

Despite the launching of special trains and buses by the government, the migrant
workers chose to either travel together in large groups. They did not wait their
turn to board the government-arranged transport, mainly due to starvation and
eagerness to reach their homes soon.[125] Additionally, they felt that going back
to their hometowns, they could return to farming and take up small jobs under the
MNREGA.[126]

On 26 May 2020, the Supreme Court admitted that the problems of the migrants had
still not been solved and that there had been "inadequacies and certain lapses" on
the part of the governments. It thus ordered the Centre and States to provide free
food, shelter, and transport to stranded migrant workers.[127]

Food supply chain

The order issued by the Home Ministry on 24 March allowed the functioning of shops
dealing with food items as well as the manufacturing units and transportation of
"essential goods". However, the lack of clarity on "essential goods" meant that the
policemen on the streets stopped workers going to factories and the trucks carrying
food items. Food industries also faced shortages of labour because the workers were
unable to reach workplaces and the factory managers faced the fear of legal action.
All these factors combined to result in shortages and a rise in the prices of food
items.[128] By the first week of April, essential industries such as growing,
harvesting, and food deliveries were allowed to operate.[129]

Relief
On 26 March 2020, the Indian government announced a relief package of $22.6 billion
to assist the poor population hit economically by the COVID-19 pandemic. The plan
was to benefit the migrant workers through cash transfers and initiatives for food
security.[130] However, on 9 April 2020, economists and activists argued that a
significant proportion of the affected population was unable to avail the
facilities. Only those registered with the federal food welfare scheme were able to
secure benefits.[131]

According to a Government of India report filed with the Supreme Court of India, as
of 7 April, state governments operated 22,567 relief camps for stranded migrant
workers, of which 15,541 camps (amounting to 68% of all) were operated by Kerala,
1,135 camps by Maharashtra, 178 camps by Tamil Nadu and smaller numbers by other
states. Non-governmental organisations were operating 3,909 camps.[132]

On 12 May 2020, Narendra Modi announced that the government would provide 20
trillion rupees ($266 billion) in support package in fiscal and monetary measures
to support the economy.[133]

Impact on environment
Rivers had become cleaner as industries were closed due to the lockdown.[134][135]
[136][137][138] The quality of air had significantly improved during the lockdown
especially in metropolitan cities .[139]

Effectiveness

A poster for spreading awareness in India about the purpose of lockdown

People were seen breaching the lockdown and not following social distancing by
crowding in vegetable markets in some places.[140][141][142] On 29 March, Prime
Minister Modi advised against this, urging people to stay home in his Mann Ki Baat
radio address.[143]

On 27 March 2020, the police arrested 8 people and registered a complaint against
150 people in Hardoi for gathering at a mosque.[144] On 2 April 2020, thousands of
people assembled at temples in various parts of West Bengal defying the lockdown
for celebrating Rama Navami.[145][146] 12 members of Tablighi Jamaat were arrested
on 5 April 2020 in Muzaffarnagar for defying the lockdown and organising an event.
[147] A priest in Andhra Pradesh was arrested for defying the lockdown and
organizing a gathering of 150 people in a church.[148]

According to a study at Shiv Nadar University, India could have witnessed a surge
of 31,000 cases of disease between 24 March and 14 April without lockdown.[149] A
group of researchers at the University of Oxford who tracked the governmental
policy measures to counter the pandemic rated India's lockdown as one of the most
stringent in the world, scoring "100 out of 100" on their tracker. They noted that
India implemented school closures, border closure, travel bans, etc. but they said
it was too early to measure their success in containing the pandemic.[150][151]

Shamika Ravi from Brookings Institution in India has noted that the growth rate of
the pandemic has slowed from doubling every three days before the lockdown to
doubling every six days by 6 April. It was derailed in the intervening period by
the Tablighi Jamaat super spreader event in Nizamuddin.[5] By 25 April, it had
further slowed to a rate of doubling every twelve days.[152]

In a routine press briefing on 22 May, Dr. VK Paul, chairman of the national task
force on COVID-19, along with officials from the Ministry of Statistics and
Programme Implementation, announced that the growth rate of new cases came down to
5.5% on 15 May from 22.6% on 3 April. The doubling rate of cases stood at 13.5
days. The death rate decreased to 5.5% from 48.1% on 5 April.

Based on estimation models from various independent sources and MoSPI it was
predicted that lockdown (1.0 + 2.0) helped avert 14-29 lakh cases and 37,000-78,000
deaths till 15 May.[153][154][155]

Among various estimation models presented at the briefing the one by Boston
Consulting Group showed that 1.2M-210,000 lives were saved and 36-70 lakh cases
were averted due to the lockdown till 15 May.[153] Another model by Public Health
Foundation of India predicted that 78,000 deaths were averted during the period.
[153]

Reception
Henk Bekedam, WHO Representative to India, praised the response describing it as
"timely, comprehensive and robust".[2] WHO executive director, Mike Ryan said that
lockdowns alone will not eliminate coronavirus. He said that India must take
necessary measures to prevent a second and third wave of infections.[156] On 3
April 2020, Dr David Nabarro, WHO's special envoy on the disease, said that the
"Lockdown in India was early, far-sighted and courageous" and was better than
waiting for another 3 or 4 weeks.[157]

In late March, two researchers from the University of Cambridge came up with a new
mathematical model that predicts a flat 49-day countrywide lockdown or sustained
lockdown with periodic relaxation extending over two months may be necessary to
prevent COVID-19 resurgence in India.[158]

According to The Economist, the lockdown was "all but certain to have exacerbated"
the devastation of the pandemic.[159]

The Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics & Policy (CDDEP) issued a report in late
March, in collaboration with researchers from Johns Hopkins University and
Princeton University, where it said that a national lockdown is not "productive"
and could cause "serious economic damage". It advocated state-level lockdowns in
the most affected states. Its models predicted that in the best-case scenario, a
peak of one million hospitalisations would be encountered in early June.[160][161]
[162][a] In an op-ed in The New York Times, the CDDEP director Laxminarayan
explained that if the national lockdown finds good compliance, it would reduce the
peak infections in early May by 70 to 80 percent, but still 1 million would require
hospitalisation and critical care. He further hypothesised If the lockdown was not
imposed the number of critical patients would have reached 5-6 million.[164]

The CDDEP released another report on 20 April, again in collaboration with

researchers from Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University. This report
discussed the "potential impact of the lockdown". The study concluded that the
lockdown would help in significantly slowing the spread of COVID-19 in the country.
It said that the lockdown would buy the government critical precursory time to
expand COVID-19 healthcare infrastructure, by keeping the hospitalisation rates in
check and preventing the overwhelming of existing healthcare facilities. The study
also said that the lockdown measures like physical distancing, ban on social
gatherings, and movement restrictions would further delay and reduce the peak of
infections and hospitalisation.[165]

Economist Jean Drèze stated that the lockdown had been "almost a death sentence"
for the underprivileged of the country, in an interview with News18. He went on to
say, "The policies are made or influenced by a class of people who pay little
attention to the consequences for the underprivileged".[166]

See also
Wikiquote has quotations related to: COVID-19 lockdown in India
COVID-19 lockdown in China
COVID-19 lockdown in Italy
Malaysian movement control order
COVID-19 lockdowns
Notes
There was some confusion regarding the involvement of the Johns Hopkins University
as the University said that the use of its logo was unauthorised. However, the
University's International Health Twitter handle reaffirmed its association with
the CDDEP and the report. The Princeton University also acknowledged the
affiliation of its researchers and pointed out that the work will be submitted to
peer review.[163]
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