Module 5 11 AC2 Basic Occupational Safety and Health

Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna
ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Level I Institutionally Accredited
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course Basic occupational safety and health
Sem/AY Second Semester/2020-2021
Module No. 5
Lesson Title Material Handling and storage
Week
11
Duration
Date May 24– May 30
This lesson will introduce students to Material Handling and storage. This lesson will
Description also create awareness on the importance of Material Handling and storage in the
of the industry.
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning • Identify issues and hazards associated with material handling activities
Outcomes • Develop programs that will address the identified issues and mitigate the
hazards
• Identify storage procedures
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives • Identify hazards associated with material handling activities
• Develop programs to control the hazards
• Identify storage procedures
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a Two-Hour class discussion on the
Material Handling and storage. To have access to the Online Discussion,
Asynchronous) refer to this link: ____________________.
The online discussion will be announced
(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

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B. Learning Guide Questions:

1. What is manual handling?
2. What are the types of material handling?
3. What are the considerations when handling materials?
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.
Lecture Guide
I. Introduction
• Manual handling is a common activity in most workplaces

• It includes lifting, lowering, pulling, pushing, carrying, moving, holding
or restraining an object
• Injuries and musculoskeletal disorders affect the back, neck, shoulders,
arms & hands
• It can be prevented through a systemic approach of identification,
assessment and control of risks associated with manual handling
Material handling considerations

- Engineered solutions to eliminate or reduce manual handling
Offline Activities - Mechanical conveyance of the material being moved
(e-Learning/Self- - Injury that can be caused by the materials being handled (such as
chemicals, dusts, rough & sharp objects)
Paced)
- Availability of handling aids, such as properly sized boxes, adequate
trucks, or hooks, that will make jobs safer
- Protective clothing, or other personal equipment, that will help prevent
injuries
- Required training & more effective management that will help reduce
injuries
Types of material handling
1. MANUAL
– Individual Capacity
• 25 kg…female
• 50 kg…male

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- Accessories
• 2 wheeled hand trucks
• 4 wheeled hand trucks
• Crowbars
• Shovel
2. Mechanical
• Powered Hand Truck
• Crane
• Hoist
• Forklift
• Boom Truck
• Heavy - Duty Truck
• Tractors
• Railroad Cars
• Conveyors
• Pipelines
• Pallets
• Carton Clamps
• Wire Ropes
• Lifting Bars
II. Manual handling
Causes of Back Injuries and Back Pain

1. Repeated Lifting of Materials
2. Lifting Too Much Weight
3. Sudden Movements, Shift of Load
4. Whole Body Vibrations
5. Lifting & Twisting at the same time
6. Bending over for long periods of time
Back injuries
• They are exceedingly painful, difficult to heal, and have an effect on
everything you do.
• After suffering one back injury, you are much more likely to experience
another one later.
• According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, more than one million
workers suffer back injuries each year; and back injuries account for
one of every five workplace injuries

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Our backs
• The spine’s vertebrae are held together by ligaments.
• Muscles are attached to the vertebrae by bands of tissue called tendons
(think of them as rubber bands).
• Between each vertebra is a cushion known as a disc (think of it as a pad
or pillow).
• Spinal Column (think of the vertebrae as building blocks)
• Openings in each vertebra line up to form a long, hollow canal.
• The spinal cord runs through this canal from the base of the brain.
• Nerves from the spinal cord branch out and leave the spine through the
spaces between the vertebra.
Forces involved in lifting

Think of your back as a lever. With the fulcrum in the center of the lever,
how many pounds would it take to lift a 10-pound object?
a. 5 pounds
b. 10 pounds
c. 15 pounds
Will it take more or less force to lift the same 10-pound object with the
fulcrum shifted to one side?
• The human back operates on a 10:1 ratio, with the waist acting as the
fulcrum
The further you bend, and the more you extend your arms, the more
significant the risk of injury
When you have to manually handle loads consider:

1. Task - how often, how much twisting or bending is needed?
2. Individual capability, male or female, old or young, experienced or
inexperienced?
3. Load - how heavy? Good grip? Bulky? Heavier at one end?
4. Environment - hot, cold, uneven floor, windy, stairs?

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III. Material handling tips
1. Check the object before you attempt to lift it.

• Test every load before lifting = pushing object lightly with hands or feet
to see how easily it moves (good indication as to how heavy it is).
• Remember, a small size does not always mean a light load!
2. Make sure the load you are lifting is packed correctly.

• Employees packing boxes should make sure weight is balanced and
packed so it won’t move around.
• Loose pieces inside a box can cause accidents if the box becomes
unbalanced.
3. Make sure the load is easy to reach.

• Don’t arch your back when lifting a load above your head.
• Use a ladder instead of lifting something above your head.
Best way to pick an object

1. Use slow and smooth movements (hurried, jerky movements can strain
the muscles in your back).
2. Keep your body facing the object while you lift it (twisting while lifting
can injure your back)
Test the load

1. Always test the load before lifting to ensure it’s not too heavy for you to
lift and carry by yourself!
2. If you determine the load is too heavy, get assistance (either other
people or by using an appropriate mechanical aid).
Planning Ahead
• Before moving a load, plan both the load and the route (allows you to
evaluate hazards, limitations, route safety and final placement).
• Evaluate the weight and shape of the load in addition to what the
material is made of.
Some items to check
– Is PPE or other safety gear necessary?
– Size/shape/weight within your limits?
– Can you get a firm hand hold?
–Will you be able to see over the load?
–Will you need assistance (people, cart, forklift)?
Back Injury Prevention: Plan your Lift

• Think about the weight, size, and shape of the object and the distance
you will be moving it.

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• Is the object bulky? Will you need help?

• Do you see any hazards that can be eliminated?
• Think about the route you’ll be taking: any stairs, doors, obstacles?
• If the object is heavy or awkward, use a hand cart or pallet jack
Planning Ahead – the Route

• Check the route you will take and the place you will put the load down.
• Injuries and property damage can occur when unexpected problems
happen during the move.
• Considerations for the route:
- Are there steps, tripping hazards, closed doors, tight doorways or
passageways?
- Are there blind corners or wet/slippery floors?
- What is the traffic situation (people, vehicles, etc.)?
Planning Ahead – the Drop Off Point

Some considerations:
• Where will you place the load?
• Is there room for the load?
• Is the site strong enough to hold the load?
• Will the load block traffic or create a hazard when placed?
• Will the load have to be placed elsewhere or will it be in the right
location after you set it down?
Lowering the Object

• When lowering an object remember to bend at the knees not at the
waist and avoiding twisting motions while putting the load down.
• If you must turn while lowering an object, adjust your feet rather than
twisting your back.
Lifting Properly
1. Step one
- Stand close to the load with your feet spread about shoulder width
apart.
- One foot slightly in front of the other for balance.
2. Step two
- Squat down, bending at the knees (not your waist).
- Tuck your chin while keeping your back as vertical as possible.
3. Step three
- Get a firm grasp of the object before beginning the lift.

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4. Step four
- Begin slowly, lifting with your LEGS by straightening them. Never twist
your body during this step!
5. Step five
- Once lift is complete, keep object as close to your body as possible.
- As the load's center of gravity moves away from the body, there is a
dramatic increase in stress to the lumbar region of the back.
Other considerations
Team Lifting – When more than one person may be required to lift a load,
consider having a team of folks and have one person “call” the directions
and lifting steps so everyone will move at the same pace.
Stacking – Overlap and interlock rows and never stack above the crush
height or above the height limits for the facility in which you’re working.
Make certain the base is clean and level and can support the weight.
Drums –
• Use a lift truck with drum forks or a drum dolly to move, even a short
distance
• If moving individual, empty drums, roll on the side – not the rim – and
always work on the down side of the drum with the hands on the “belly”
of the drum – not the rim.
Cylinders
• Compressed gas cylinders are like bombs with very short fuses!
• Valves must be protected by a proper safety cap.
• Use a special hand truck to move individual cylinders, and “walk” them
only short distances to align them.
• Cylinders must be stored in designated areas and secured with safety
chains or bars
Mechanical aids
• Often the best way to move loads is with a mechanical aid, like a hand
truck or rolling cart.
• Choose the right aid for the job and inspect it before use.
• Place the heaviest items on the bottom, with the weight concentrated
between the wheels.
• Keep your hands away from the edges so they won’t be scraped or
crushed in doorways.

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IV. Material handling controls
Principles of reducing heavy lifting
• Reduce the weight

• Increase the weight (to balance load)
• Use mechanical assistance
• Slide instead of lift
• Team lifting
Principles for reducing frequent lifting

• Avoid unnecessary lifting
• Use mobile storage shelves
Principles for reducing awkward lifting/Reaching
• Remove obstacles
• Slide closer
• Reduce shelf depth
• Reduce package size
• Team lifting
Principles for reducing awkward lifting/Bending
• Use mechanical assistance to raise the load

• Add handles
• Arrange storage
• Avoid unnecessary lifting
Principles for reducing awkward lifting/ Reaching above shoulders
• Arrange storage
• Use a rolling stair or “safety ladder”
Lifting Techniques Training

Teach lifting techniques to employees:
• Training alone is not effective.
• Making changes to jobs and equipment is better.
• Making changes along with training is most effective.
• Job-specific, on-site, hands-on training is more effective than classroom.

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• Have employees demonstrate proper lifting techniques before

“graduating.”
Other factors in back injuries

1. Age of employee
2. Improper postures when sleeping, standing, sitting
3. Physical condition of employee
4. Repetitive motions
Exercises that can improve material handling

- Stretching exercise
Bottom line
if the load you are trying to manually lift is too heavy for you to handle, get
help from coworkers or a mechanical aid – don’t risk getting injured!
V. Storage
Proper storage procedures

1. Temporary and permanent storage should be secure, neat and orderly
2. Allow adequate ceiling clearance under the sprinklers (18 – 36 “)
3. Keep all the exits and aisles clear at all times
4. Use bins and racks to facilitate storage and reducing hazards
5. Segregation and isolation
- 8 m safe distance
- Cartons…..Lumbers…..Bagged Materials…..Barrels…..Pipes…..Liquid
Containers…..Paints & Thinners…..Gasoline / Diesel…..Oxygen & Acetylene
Cylinders
Store only compatible hazardous materials

• Flammable
• Combustible
• Acid
• Gases
• Oxidizer
Material handling, storage and disposal

1. Make sure no flames, sparks, smokes are near flammables
2. Keep only a small amount of flammables in work area
3. Store (and dispose of) flammables safely
4. Dispose of construction debris at DENR approved dumping site
5. In an emergency: evacuate area; turn off all flames, sparking equipment; clean up
flammables; ventilate area thoroughly

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Waste management
• All wastes must be segregated to allow efficient and effective disposal
Performance Tasks
PT 1
1. More back injuries occur at work than at home. True or False

2. Poor __________ can cause back pain by disrupting the back’s natural curve.
3. Name 2 things to check before attempting to lift a load: ______________, ________________.
4. Lifting with your legs is necessary only when attempting to lift heavy loads. True or False
5. Describe 2 of the more common back injuries: __________________, __________________
6. A “weekend warrior” might incur a back injury because his back is not _______________________.
7. When conducting a team lift, the first thing you should do is _______________________________.
8. Back injuries are usually the result of a single traumatic event. True or False
9. Name some of the material handling equipment that your school district has available:
__________________.
10. Is your back more suited for pushing or pulling a load?
Learning Resources
1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS, DOLE

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Intellectual Property
This module is for educational purpose only. Under section Sec. 185 of RA 8293, which states,
“The fair use of a copyrighted work for criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching including multiple
copies for classroom use, scholarship, research, and similar purposes is not an infringement of copyright.”
The unauthorized reproduction, use, and dissemination of this module without joint consent of
the authors is strictly prohibited and shall be prosecuted to the full extent of the law, including appropriate
administrative sanctions, civil, and criminal.

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Module No. 6
Lesson Title Electrical Safety
Week
12
Duration
Date May 31– June 6
This lesson will introduce students to electrical safety. This lesson will also create
Description awareness to student on how to prevent injuries and accident related to electrical
of the hazards.
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Learning • Understand the basic principles of electricity
Outcomes • Know the danger of electric shock
• Learn practical measures to prevent electrical shock
Objectives • Understand the basic principles of electricity
• Know the danger of electric shock
• Learn practical measures to prevent electric shock
Online Activities C. Online Discussion via Google Meet

electrical safety. To have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this
Asynchronous) link: ____________________.

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D. Learning Guide Questions:

4. What is the electrocution hazard?
5. What are the major types of electrocution hazards?
6. How can we prevent injury/accident cause by electricity hazard?
Lecture Guide
VI. Introduction
Electrocution Triangle
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self-
Paced)
Electrocution
- results when a person is exposed to a lethal amount of electrical energy.
An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that

exposes workers to the following:
1. Burns
- The most common shock-related injury
- occur when an electric current flows through tissue or bone, generating
heat that causes tissue damage
Three types of burns

a. Electrical
- Electrical burns result from heat generated by the flow of electric
current through the body
b. Arc/ Flash

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- Arc/Flash burns are high temperature burns caused by an electric arc
or explosion
c. Thermal contact
- Thermal contact burns occur when skin comes in contact with
overheated electric equipment
2. Electrocution
- results when a human is exposed to a lethal amount of electrical energy
3. Shock
- results when the body becomes part of the electrical circuit; current
enters the body at one point and leaves at another. Electrical shock is
defined as a reflex response to the passage of electric current through
the body
4. Arc Flash/Arc Blast

- The sudden release of electrical energy through the air when a high-
voltage gap exists and there is a breakdown between conductors. An arc
flash gives off thermal radiation (heat) and bright, intense light that can
cause burns. Temperatures have been recorded as high as 35,000 °F.
High-voltage arcs can also produce considerable pressure waves by
rapidly heating the air and creating a blast.
5. Fire
- Most electrical distribution fires result from problems with "fixed
wiring" such as faulty electrical outlets and old wiring. Problems with
cords (such as extension and appliance cords), plugs, receptacles, and
switches also cause electrical fires
6. Explosions
- An explosion can occur when electricity ignites an explosive mixture of
material in the air.
VII. Basic electrical circuits
• A basic completed electrical circuit requires three things to function

correctly:
1. Electrical source
- This can range from a battery to the transformer outside of our building
that converts the high voltage carried by power lines into a lower
voltage that can be used by our machinery.

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2. Electrical user
- anything that uses electricity to operate, which can range from a
lightbulb to a sophisticated machine. The electrical user is what
provides the significant resistance in the circuit.
3. Wires
- connect the electrical source with the electrical user. The wires are also
important in that they must be rated properly for the circuit. If a wire
operates with too much electricity, it may become overheated and fail.
This could result in an electrical fire.
Rules of electricity
1. Electricity will travel only in a completed circuit
2. Electricity will always travel in the path of least resistance
• Short circuits occur because of the rule that electricity will always travel
in the path of least resistance
3. Electricity will always try to travel to ground
• Electricity will travel through a person because most often that person
offers less resistance than the electrical user (i.e., machinery, power
tool) that is currently on the circuit
• If the person is touching the ground, that person will form a completed
electrical circuit. Now the electricity will prefer to travel through the
person (less resistance) and to the ground
Voltage = Current x Resistance
• On a given circuit, voltage is consistent. What changes is the resistance,

which in turn changes the current. Current are what we need to be
concerned with, as you will soon see. According to the formula: as the
resistance goes up, the current will decrease, and if the resistance goes
down, the current will increase
Body’s Resistance
• Skin offers most of the body’s electrical resistance
Increased resistance
Thick and callused skin (foot or hand)
Dry skin
Decreased resistance
Thin skin (inner forearm)
Wet or sweaty skin
Broken or abraded skin (scratches)

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• Because every human body is built differently, everyone will have a

different level of resistance.
• The range can be from as little as 500 ohms to many thousands of ohms
VIII. Electrocution hazards
Major types of electrocution hazard

1. Contact with overhead power lines
Overhead power lines

- carry extremely high voltage
- Voltages of overhead lines range from 120 to 750,000 volts
2. Contact with energized sources (e.g., live parts, damaged or bare wires,
defective equipment or tools)
Electrical shock
- occurs when the body becomes part of the electric circuit, either when
an individual comes in contact with both wires of an electrical circuit,
one wire of an energized circuit and the ground, or a metallic part that
has become energized by contact with an electrical conductor.
Factors that affects the severity and effects of electrical shock

i. Pathway through the body
ii. The amount of current
iii. The length of time of exposure
iv. whether the skin is wet or dry
• Water is great conductor of electricity

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Figure 1. Effects on the human body
• If the power supply to electrical equipment is not grounded or the path

has been broken, or if there are live parts or bare wires, a fault current
may travel through a worker's body, causing electrical burns or death
3. Improper use of extension and flexible cords

- The normal wear and tear on extension and flexible cords can loosen or
expose wires
- Cords that are not 3-wire type, not designed for hard-usage, or that have
been modified, increase the risk of contracting electrical current
- created when cords, cord connectors, receptacles, and cord- and plug
connected equipment are improperly used and maintained
• To reduce hazards, flexible cords must connect to devices and to fittings

in ways that prevent tension at joints and terminal screws
• A flexible cord may be damaged by door or window edges, staples and
fastenings, abrasion from adjacent materials, or simply by aging
• When a cord connector is wet, electric current can leak to the
equipment grounding conductor, and to anyone who picks up that

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connector if they provide a path to ground. Such leakage can occur not
just on the face of the connector, but at any wetted portion
General Electrical Hazards

1. High-voltage overhead power lines
2. Damaged insulation on wires
3. Digging or trenching near buried lines
4. Broken switches or plugs
5. Overloaded circuits
6. Overheated appliances or tools
7. Static electricity
8. Flammable materials
IX. Electrical Hazard control
• OSHA has divided workers into two categories when it comes to

working on or with electrical equipment.
1. Qualified workers are allowed to work on or near exposed energized

equipment. They receive additional detailed training that includes:
i. How to identify exposed electrical equipment and energized
parts
ii. How to lock out or tag out equipment so that it can be worked on
safely
iii. How to safely work on or troubleshoot electrical equipment and
parts
2. Unqualified workers are not permitted to work on or near exposed

energized equipment. They receive the training that has been discussed
in that includes:
i. How electricity works
ii. How electricity can contact and harm the human body
iii. Which tasks require a qualified worker to perform
iv. How to identify potential electrical hazards and how to use
equipment and machinery that is powered by electricity.
• Injuries typically occur when:

– Procedures are inappropriate
– Procedures are not followed or ignored
– Safety systems are circumvented

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Ways to protect from electrocution hazards
1. Maintain a safe distance from overhead power lines
2. Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)
3. Inspect portable tools and extension cords
4. Use power tools and equipment as designed
5. Follow lockout/tagout procedures
1. Maintain a safe distance from overhead power lines

• Staying away from power lines is the best option
Figure 2. Minimum safe distance
Preventive measures for workers to consider

1. General
Before work begins, be sure that the:
• Equipment/activity is located within a safe working distance from
power lines
• Utility company has de-energized and visibly grounded the power lines
or installed insulated sleeves on power lines
• Flagged warning lines have been installed to mark horizontal and
vertical power line clearance distances
• Tools and materials used are nonconductive

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2. Cranes
- Be sure the utility company has confirmed the voltage and therefore the
safe working distance from the power lines
- If applicable and feasible, use a/an: observer; insulated link; boom cage
guard; proximity device
3. Mobile heavy equipment

- Use installed rider posts under power lines to avoid working too close
to the power lines
4. Ladders
- Use nonconductive ladders and be sure to retract them before moving.
5. Material storage
- Ensure that no materials are stored under power lines
- Use caution tape and signs to cordon off area under power lines
6. Excavations
- Locate and know what the markings from the local underground line
locator service has marked before digging
- Hand dig within three feet of cable location. Be aware that more than
one underground cable may be buried in area of locator markings
2. Use ground-fault circuit interrupters (GFCI)

GFCI
- designed to protect people from severe and sometimes fatal electrical
shock
- Detects ground faults and interrupts the flow of electric current, and is
designed to protect the worker by limiting the duration of an electrical
shock
A Classic Example of the GFCI at Work:

An old drill that has a loose bare wire inside it touching the outer metal
housing is being used. With the drill plugged in, the housing is charged with
electricity. If it used outside in the rain and the worker is standing on the
ground, there is a path from the hot wire inside the drill through the
worker to ground. If electricity flows from hot to ground through the
worker, it could be fatal. The GFCI can sense the current flowing through
you because not all of the current is flowing from hot to neutral as it
expects -- some of it is flowing through the worker to the ground. As soon
as the GFCI senses that, it trips the circuit and cuts off the electricity

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Three types of GFCI
1. Receptacle GFCI
- Often found on construction work sites, outdoor areas and other
locations where damp conditions do or could exist
- Fits into the standard outlet box and protects users against ground
faults when an electrical product is connected to the GFCI protected
outlet
2. Temporary/portable GFCI
- an extension cord combined with a GFCI
- should be used when permanent protection is unavailable
3. Circuit breaker GFCI

- controls an entire circuit, and is installed as a replacement for a circuit
breaker on the main circuit board
- this type of GFCI might be installed in a panel box to give protection to
selected circuits
3. Inspect portable tools and extension cords

- Workers need to inspect extension cords prior to their use for any cuts
or abrasion
4. Use power tools and equipment as designed

- Workers using power tools and equipment should follow tool safety tips
to avoid misusing equipment
Tool safety tips

• Never carry a tool by the cord
• Never yank the cord to disconnect it
• Keep cords away from heat, oil, and sharp edges
• Disconnect when not in use and when changing accessories such as
blades and bits
• Avoid accidental starting. Do not hold fingers on the switch button while
carrying a plugged-in tool
• Use gloves and appropriate footwear
• Store in dry a place when not using
• Don’t use in wet/damp environments
• Keep working areas well lit
• Ensure that cords do not cause a tripping hazard
• Remove damaged tools from use
• Use double-insulated tools

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Portable power tools
• Inspect portable power tools
• Never use damaged equipment
– Tag it out of service
– Have it repaired or replaced
• Never use portable power equipment in wet or damp areas
• Stop using power tools if they become hot or start sparking
Extension cords
• Inspect and check for capacity
• For temporary work only
• Do not use as a rope to pull or lift objects
• Should not be fastened with staples or hung over hooks
Electrical cord inspection

1. Deformed or mission pins
2. Damaged outer jacket or insulation
3. Evidence of internal damage
4. If damaged, take out of service until repaired
Circuit Protection
• Energize or de-energize with appropriate switches, breakers, etc.
• Do not energize or de-energize with fuses, terminal lugs, or cable splice
connections
• If circuit protection device is tripped—inspect
Grounding equipment
• Most electrical equipment is designed with a grounding system
• Do not use equipment with damaged grounding connectors
• Do not use adapters that interrupt the grounding connection
Common examples of misused equipment

• Using multi-receptacle boxes designed to be mounted by fitting them
with a power cord and placing them on the floor.
• Fabricating extension cords with ROMEX wire.
• Using equipment outdoors that is labeled for use only in dry, indoor
locations.
• Attaching ungrounded, two-prong adapter plugs to three-prong cords
and tools.
• Using circuit breakers or fuses with the wrong rating for over-current
protection, e.g., using a 30-amp breaker in a system with 15 or 20 amp
receptacles. Protection is lost because it will not trip when the system’s
load has been exceeded.

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• Using modified cords or tools, i.e., ground prongs removed, face plates,
insulation, etc.
• Using cords or tools with worn insulation or exposed wires.
5. Follow lockout/tagout procedures
Lockout/tagout (LOTO)
- safety procedure used in industry and research settings to ensure that
dangerous machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up
again prior to the completion of maintenance or repair work
Checklist to used when performing LOTO on circuits and equipment

1. Identify all sources of electrical energy for the equipment or circuits in
question
2. Disable backup energy sources such as generators and batteries
3. Identify all shut-offs for each energy source
4. Notify all personnel that equipment and circuitry must be shut off,
locked out, and tagged out (Simply turning a switch off is not enough)
5. Shut off energy sources and lock switch gear in the OFF position. Each
worker should apply his/her individual lock and keys kept with the
worker
6. Test equipment and circuitry to ensure they are de-energized. This
must be done by a qualified person
7. Deplete stored energy (for example, in capacitors) by bleeding,
blocking, grounding, etc.
8. Apply a lock or tag to alert other workers that an energy source or piece
of equipment has been locked or tagged out
9. Make sure all workers are safe and accounted for before equipment and
circuits are unlocked and turned back on. Only a qualified person may
determine when it is safe to re-energize circuits.

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• Only qualified persons may work on electric circuit parts or equipment

that has not been deenergized. Such persons must be capable of
working safely on energized circuits and must be familiar with the
proper use of special precautionary techniques, PPE, insulating and
shielding materials, and insulated tools.
X. What is my employer required to do to protect workers from

electrocutions?
A. Ensure overhead power line safety

B. Isolate electrical parts
C. Supply ground-fault circuit Interrupters (GFCI)
D. Ensure proper grounding
E. Ensure power tools are maintained in a safe
condition
F. Ensure proper guarding
G. Provide training
H. Enforce a LOTO safety-related work practices
I. Ensure Proper Use of Flexible Cords
Protecting workers from electrical hazards tips:
Other electrical hazards

Static electricity
• Created when materials rub together
• Can cause shocks or even minor skin burns
• Reduced or prevented by:
– Proper grounding
– Rubber matting
– Grounding wires, gloves, or shoes

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Flammable/Ignitable Materials
• Flammable gases, vapors, or liquids
• Combustible dust
• Can be ignited by static electricity
• Require specially designed electrical equipment
Machine Operators
• Never tamper with electrical interlocks
• Do not repair electrical components of
your machine
• Properly shut off machinery before working
in the point of operation
• Obey warning signs and follow safe procedures
Emergency Response steps

Step #1: Turn off the Power
Step #2: Safely Free the Victim
Step #3: Call for Help
Step #4: Do not Leave the Victim
Performance Tasks

Province of Laguna
PT 1
Discuss how these accidents could have been prevented

1. Two workers were installing aluminum siding on a farmhouse when it became necessary to
remove a 36-foot high metal pole CB antenna. One worker stood on a metal pick board between
two ladders and unfastened the antenna at the top of the house. The other worker, who was
standing on the ground, took the antenna to lay it down in the yard. The antenna made electrical
contact with a 7200-volt power transmission line 30 feet 10 inches from the house and 23 feet 9
inches above the ground. The worker handling the antenna received a fatal shock and the other
worker a minor shock.
2. The employee was attempting to correct an electrical problem involving two non-operational
lamps. He proceeded to the area where he thought the problem was. He had not shut off the
power at the circuit breaker panel nor had he tested the wires to see if they were live. He was
electrocuted when he grabbed the two live wires with his left hand and then fell from the ladder.
3. An electrician was removing a metal fish tape from a hole at the base of a metal light pole. (A fish
tape is used to pull wire through a conduit run.) The fish tape became energized, electrocuting
him.
4. Five employees were constructing a chain link fence in front of a house and directly below a
7200-volt energized power line. They were installing 21-foot sections of metal top rail on the
fence. One employee picked up a 21-foot section of top rail and held it up vertically. The top rail
contacted the 7200-volt line, and the employee was electrocuted
Learning Resources

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Module No. 7
Lesson Title Machine and equipment Safeguarding; Hand and power tools safety
Week
13
Duration
Date June 7– June 13
This lesson will introduce students to Machine and equipment Safeguarding; Hand and
Description power tools safety. This lesson will also create awareness to student on how to prevent
of the injuries and accident related to Machine and equipment Safeguarding; Hand and
Lesson power tools safety.
Learning Outcomes
Learning • Understand the various machine guarding standard and innovations
Outcomes • Identify and explain the potential mechanical hazards
• Describe general guidelines for hand and power tool safety
Objectives • Understand the various machine guarding standard and innovations
• Identify and explain the potential mechanical hazards
• Describe general guidelines for hand and power tool safety
Online Activities E. Online Discussion via Google Meet

Machine and equipment Safeguarding; Hand and power tools safety. To
Asynchronous) have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this link: ____________________.

Province of Laguna
F. Learning Guide Questions:

7. What is machine and equipment safeguarding?
8. What are the machine and equipment hazard?
9. What are hand and power tools hazard?
Lecture Guide
XI. Machine and Equipment safeguarding
Machine
- Anything that converts one form of energy into mechanical energy.
- Anything that moves.
- Any contrivance that produces work.
Guarding
- Any means of effectively preventing person from coming into contact
with the moving parts of the machinery or equipment that could cause
physical harm to the person.
Machine safeguarding
Offline Activities - the application of safety, engineering, work practices and administrative
(e-Learning/Self- controls to prevent the injury of employees who operate machines or
Paced) who are in the vicinity of machine operations
• Many accidents result from persons working on or around moving

machinery. These accidents could have been prevented by the
installation and proper maintenance of guarding
Mechanical Defect
- Something is wrong with the machine itself. The parts are sometimes in
faulty conditions, that is why accidents are generated.
Electrical Failure
- When electrical connection becomes defective, the machine becomes
grounded which could cause electrical shock.

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Human Failure
- The operator himself is defective. During the working period, he may be
drunk, sleepy or not in perfect condition. These actuations could cause
accidents. Another typical human failure is a man’s curiosity.
• Positive prevention of injury-producing accidents on machinery is

through the installation of safeguards or through engineering revision and
redesign.
Reason why machine should be guarded
1. High source of compensable injuries
- Principal source of injuries. Whenever a machine is involved in an
accident, the effects are injuries, damage to the resources and delays.
2. High severity
- Many permanent-partial disability and fatality cases are caused by
machinery
3. Distraction
- Efficiency/ Performance of the operation is affected. An operator of an
unguarded machine divides his attention to the job he is working and
trying not to be caught between the moving parts of the machine, it is
likely to be damaged
Where dangerous mechanical hazards occur

1. Point of operation
- The area on a machine or item of equipment, where work is being done
and material is positioned for processing or change by the machine
2. In running nip points
- In running machine or equipment parts, which rotate towards each
other, or where one part rotates toward a stationery object
3. Pinch points
4. Power transmission
5. Other moving parts
Steps of machine guarding

1. Recognize the hazards by identifying hazardous actions and motions.
2. Analyze the workplace and prioritize safeguarding efforts based on the
most predictable injury, the probability of occurrence and available
resources.
3. Develop and implement a systematic safeguarding program which
includes identifying safeguarding methods, selection and installation.
4. Ensure use of safeguarding and reinforce program by training,
education and enforcement

Province of Laguna
Types of mechanical motions and actions

1. Rotating motion
- can be dangerous; even smooth, slowly rotating shafts can grip hair and
clothing, and through minor contact force the hand and arm into a
dangerous position.
- Injuries due to contact with rotating parts can be severe. The danger
increases when projections such as set screws, bolts, nicks, abrasions,
and projecting keys or set screws are exposed on rotating parts
- found in such equipment as collars, couplings, cams clutches, flywheels,
shaft ends, spindles, and meshing gears
Figure 1. Rotating parts
2. Reciprocating motion
- Produced by the back and forth movements of certain machine or
equipment parts.
- Hazardous when exposed, offering pinch or shear points to an employee
- Fixed enclosure such as barrier guard is an effective method against this
exposure

Province of Laguna
Figure 2. reciprocating motions
3. Transverse motion
- Hazardous due to straight line action and in-running nip points.
- movement in straight, continuous line
- creates a hazard because a worker may be struck or caught in a pinch or
shear point by the moving part
Figure 3. Transverse motion of belt
Hazardous machine action

1. Cutting
- involve rotating, reciprocating, or transverse motion
- The danger of cutting action exists at the point of operation where
finger, arm and body injuries can occur and where flying chips or scrap
material can strike the head, particularly in the area of the eyes or face
- Such hazards are present at the point of operation in cutting wood,
metal, and other materials
- Examples of mechanisms involving cutting hazards include bandsaws,
circular saws, boring and drilling machines, turning machines (lathes),
or milling machines
Figure 4. cutting action

Province of Laguna
2. Shearing
- involves applying power to a slide or knife in order to trim or shear
metal or other materials
- A hazard occurs at the point of operation where stock is actually
inserted, held, and withdrawn
- Examples of machines used for shearing operations are mechanically,
hydraulically, or pneumatically powered shears.
Figure 5. Shearing action
3. Punching
- results when power is applied to a slide (ram) for the purpose of
blanking, drawing, or stamping metal or other materials
- The danger of this type of action occurs at the point of operation where
stock is inserted, held, and withdrawn by hand
- Typical machines used for punching operations are power presses.
Figure 6. Punching action
4. Bending
- results when power is applied to a slide in order to draw or stamp metal
or other materials
- A hazard occurs at the point of operation where stock is inserted, held,
and withdrawn
- Equipment that uses bending action includes power presses, press
brakes, and tubing benders

Province of Laguna
Figure 7. Bending action
Machine guard safety

Requirements for safeguards
1. Prevent contact
- Safeguards must minimize the possibility of the operator or another
worker placing their hands into hazardous moving parts.
2. Remain secure
- Workers should not be able to easily remove or tamper with the
safeguard
3. Protect from falling objects

- Safeguards should ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts.
4. Create no new hazards

- A safeguard defeats its purpose if it creates a hazard of its own such as a
shear point, a jagged edge, and etc.
5. Create no interference
- A safeguard should not create an unacceptable impediment for the
worker
6. Allow safe lubrication

- It should be possible to lubricate the machine without removing the
safeguard.

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Mechanical hazard controls
Figure 8. Mechanical hazard control
Machine Guarding
Types of machine guarding
• Fixed guard
Figure 9. Fixed guard of machine
• Interlocked guard
Figure 10. Interlock guard

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• Adjustable guard
Figure 11. Adjustable guard
• Self-adjusting guard
Figure 12. Self-adjusting guard
Devices
Pullback devices
Figure 13. Pullback devices

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Restraint devices
Figure 14. restraint device
Two hand control
XII. Hand and Power tools safety
Hazard
Workers using hand and power tools may be exposed to these hazards:
• Objects that fall, fly, are abrasive, or splash
• Harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, and gases
• Frayed or damaged electrical cords, hazardous connections and
improper grounding
• Vibration and impact
Most common injuries from working with hand and power tools
• Electric shock
• Flash burns
• Falling
• Hand and Eye injuries
• Hearing loss
• Crushing, cuts or losing a body part
• Ergonomic injuries

Province of Laguna
Basic tool Safety Rules
• Maintain regularly
• Inspect before use
• Use the right tool for the job
• Operate according to manufacturers’ instructions
• Use the right Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Use guarding
Hand tool hazards

Hazards are usually caused by misuse and improper maintenance
Do not use:
• wrenches when jaws are sprung
• impact tools (chisels and wedges) when heads have mushroomed
• tools with loose, cracked or splintered handles
• a screwdriver as a chisel
• tools with taped handles – they may be hiding cracks
Cutting and slicing tools

Safety Gloves – Protection against accidental cuts and vibration
A Sharp Blade Is Safer – When dull, a blade can slip from the object being cut
and cause a serious injury.
Cut Downward – Always away from your hand.
Put It Back – Never leave a cutting tool lying on a table, chair, sink or desk.
There are only three places that a cutting tool should ever be
1) in use,
2) stored safely in a drawer, tool box, in a knife rack, or,
3) in the dishwasher (blade down, handle up)
Let It Go! – Never attempt to catch a dropped knife or other cutting tool – let
it fall.
Wipe Away From The Sharp Edge – if you need to wipe or clean material off
the blade, always wipe awayfrom the sharp edge.
Never Touch The Sharp Edge – Always use a piece of paper to test the
sharpness of a knife
– NEVER use your fingers!
Never use a knife as a substitute for other tools – such as a screwdriver or

bottle opener

Province of Laguna
Hand tools protection
• Keep floor surface where working free from debris and tripping or
slipping hazards
• Keep cutting tools sharp
• Use tools as they were intended to be used
• Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), such as safety glasses and
Gloves
• PPE determined by Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
Hazards are usually the result of improper tool use or not following one or
more of these protection techniques:
• Inspecting the tool before use
• Read Tool Owners Manual prior to use
• Using PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
• Using guards
• Properly storing and maintaining the tool
• Keep the workplace neat and free of clutter
• Using safe handling techniques
Performance Tasks
PT 1
Identify the hazards associated with the machines used, considering:

5. Hydraulic molding press

Province of Laguna
6. Part Revolution Clutch Mechanical Power Press

Province of Laguna
7. Table saw

Province of Laguna
Learning Resources

Province of Laguna

Module No. 8
Lesson Title Confined space entry, work permit system and Personal protective equipment
Week
14
Duration
This lesson will introduce students to hazards in confined space. This lesson will also
Description create awareness to student on how to prevent injuries and accident related to
of the Confined spaces.
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Learning • Learn the procedures to be adopted to protect personnel working in confined
Outcomes spaces
• Explain why we need a work permit
• Identify the requirements for ppe
Objectives • Learn the procedures to be adopted to protect personnel working in confined
spaces
• Explain why we need a work permit
• Identify the requirements for ppe
Online Activities G. Online Discussion via Google Meet

Confined space entry, work permit system and Personal protective
Asynchronous) equipment. To have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this link:
____________________.

Province of Laguna
H. Learning Guide Questions:

10. What is a confined space?
11. When should we use work permit?
12. When do we use ppe?
Lecture Guide
XIII. Confined Space Entry
• Confined space entry is one of the leading cause of occupational

fatalities
Confined space
- Limited means of egress
- Can be bodily entered
- Not designed for continuous occupancy
- Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
- Contains the potential for engulfment
Offline Activities - Internal configuration that can trap or asphyxiate entrant
(e-Learning/Self- - Any other serious safety or health hazards
Paced)
Examples of confined space
1. Closed vessels, reactors, storage tanks, agitated pressure notched filters,
mixers, boilers, big pipelines, large drying ovens
2. Pits, sumps / septic tanks, sewers, manhole, trenches, shafts, tunnels,
ducts
How to identify a Confined Space?

1. It is large enough and so configured that a person can bodily enter and
perform work
2. There are limited openings for entry & exit
3. Not designed for continuous occupancy
4. Favorable natural ventilation does not exist
5. Holes on ground with more than 1 m depth, depending on hazard
situation

Province of Laguna
Four types of hazards
1. Presence of Hazardous Atmosphere
2. Configuration Hazard
3. Engulfment Hazard
4. Conditions Changing from Non Hazardous to Hazardous while working
1. Presence of Hazardous atmosphere
Five types of Hazardous Atmospheres:

a) Oxygen Enriched / depleted
b) Presence of Toxic, flammable Gases / liquids
c) Temperature Extremes
d) Presence of Dust
e) Absence of Free flow of air in & out
Oxygen Enriched / Depleted

Man can live
• 3 weeks without food
• 3 days without water
• only 3 min without oxygen
Oxygen is required by Human Body to carryout cellular metabolism

Less Oxygen (<19.5%) – Asphyxiation. Death
More Oxygen (>23.5%) – Faster Combustion
Figure. 1 Effect of lack of oxygen
Most common reason for Oxygen depletion which lead to fatality is:
Accidental use of Nitrogen in place of compressed air for providing forced
ventilation into confined space
Most common reason for Oxygen depletion which lead to fatality is:
Accidental use of Nitrogen in place of compressed air for providing forced
ventilation into confined space

Province of Laguna
CAUTION: NEVER USE PURE O2 FOR VENTILATION
b) Toxic, Flammable Gases / Liquids

• Handling of chemicals, reactions can lead to trapping of toxic / flammable
gases in a confined space.
• Bio decomposition can lead to H2S, Methane in sewage systems.
Figure 2. Effect of H2S
Figure 3. Effect of carbon monoxide
c) Temperature Extremes
• Extremely hot or cold spaces
• Warm spaces decreases working efficiency and can make person tired
soon. Prone to more mistakes
• Humidity Factors. Increased Fatigue
• Steam heating while cleaning
d) Presence of Dust
• Sensitizing, toxic dusts
• Hampers visibility & work
• Breathing difficulties

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e) Absence of free air flow
• Confined space not designed for permanent worker occupancy
• After readying, the space should maintain the characteristics while work
is going. Entrant exhales carbon dioxide
• Hence free flow of fresh air is required in & out of the vessel
• Lack of it can lead to build of hazardous atmosphere
Configuration Hazard
Examples of configuration Hazards:
1. Agitators in reaction vessels
2. Slicks, wet surfaces. Slippery to work
3. Very narrow openings that inhibit emergency evacuation
4. Surface configuration such that toxic residues stick and cleaning prior to
entry is difficult
5. Falling objects with top opening vessels.
Configuration hazards
- determined by the structure of the confined space and devices /
equipment connected to it
- It is space / equipment specific & hence difficult to list
- All such hazards shall be assessed by visiting the activity site and
appropriate preventive measures shall be taken.
Engulfment hazard
- when the entrant is fully drowned / trapped by falling material,
- thereby suffocating him. Examples are:
1. A well digger is engulfed by falling sand

2. Powder stored in a hopper above can fill reactor
3. Flooding of confined space
Conditions Changing from Non Hazardous to Hazardous while

working
As work proceeds, the condition of the confined space alters, either due to
work or due to presence of the entrant inside:
1. While welding toxic fumes are generated

2. Generation of dust, fumes while scraping or cleaning
3. Human beings exhale CO2 whose concentration can increase, depleting
oxygen

Province of Laguna
Prepare space FIT for entry
1. Hazards have a potential to acutely affect the entrant and cause injury,
even death
2. The entrant must be assured that the confined space has been made safe
for entry
3. This process must be controlled through “work permit” and the entry
must be approved by competent persons only
Confined space entry 5 steps:

1. Assessment through Work Permit
2. Preparation & Certification for entry
3. Precautions while entering
4. Completion & Permit Closure
5. Training
Assessment through work permit
Work permit
- A documented authorization to perform specific activity such as
operation, construction, maintenance, inspection or repair in areas
identified by the management as restricted, which represents a
potential hazard to company operations, personnel and equipment
- Verbal work permit should be given only during emergency
Work permit purpose

• Communication
• Identify hazard by site inspection
• Define special precautions
• Prevent accidental loss
• Permission to do work
• Consensus that work can proceed
• Provide safe working location
• Record of events
a. Assessment shall be done by authorized person who is conversant with

the process & engineering aspects of the confined space after a visit to
the location
b. Assess the necessity of entry. Can the intended work be done without
entry?
c. If entry is necessary, decontamination requirement, isolation
requirement must be specified on permit for implementation
d. Precautions to be taken while entry must be listed in the permit along
with PPE requirement

Province of Laguna
Preparation and certification for entry
a. Permit must be correctly and accurately filled. The occasion details,
purpose for entry and validity period must be clearly mentioned
b. No entry shall be allowed without the permit
c. A permit shall not be valid for more than 8 hours
d. Entry can begin only after the sign of and approval by the authorized
person
e. Permit should be closed at the end of work
f. Names of entrant & standby person to be mentioned in permit along
with required PPE for entry
g. Discontinue Processing in the confined space
h. Isolate of confined space from all process & material incoming lines.
Physically disconnect or at least provide tail blind
i. If agitators exist, then de energize through electrical lock out. Display
cards at place of work & MCC room
j. Clean the space thoroughly and remove all materials liable to present a
hazard
k. Ventilate the space with fresh, uncontaminated air. Ventilate at the rate
of at least 4 volumes per hour
Ventilation
• Air intake in a safe location to draw fresh air only.
• Continuous ventilation whenever possible.
• Retest the confined space before entry.
l) Test the atmosphere for oxygen concentration & absence of other

hazardous fumes. Record observations in permit
m) Test all areas of confined space. Gases heavier than air tend to
concentrate at bottoms and vice versa
n) As far as possible, avoid use of breathing apparatus as it becomes
cumbersome in emergencies. Level of cleaning must ensure this
o) Ensure the entry hole is sufficient for the person to enter
Testing the atmosphere

- Verify presence of safe work atmosphere.
- Test all areas of a confined space.
- Top, Middle, Bottom
- Methane is lighter than air.
• Carbon Monoxide is the same as air.
• Hydrogen Sulfide is heavier than air.
• Oxygen Deficiency
• Do not trust your senses
• Do not get rushed
• Know the meter response time

Province of Laguna
• Periodically test
• Consult owner’s manual
Order of testing
1. Oxygen presence and amounts
2. Flammables
3. Toxics
4. Others
Precautions while entering

a. The entrant must be a trained person. He must be aware of hazards and
precautions associated with work.
b. A Rescue attendant be provided who will keep a watch on the entrant
and who will respond in case of any emergency to the entrant.
c. Rescue attendant must be conversant with emergency procedures
d. A safety harness (belt) to be worn by the entrant to extricate in case of
emergency
e. Recommended PPE must be worn.
f. Ensure adequate fresh air is supplied during entry
g. Avoid self-breather apparatus as it enhances combustibility hazards.
First choice is Air mask with fresh air connection
h. Ensure availability of emergency equipment nearby
i. While entry, if there is a need to test the space, it should be done
Completion and permit closure

a. In case of extension, the safety measures taken must be reconfirmed &
entry must be re approved
b. Oxygen check must be done afresh after an interruption
c. At the end of the work, the permit must be closed and signed off
d. Before taking the space back for processing, confirm the absence of
people in confined space and then close the same
Training
a. Training to Entrant on all the likely hazards and about his
responsibilities
b. Training to Rescue attendant on the same and also on emergency
procedures
c. Training to Authorised persons (permit issuers) on Hazard assessment
and also on above
d. Training records must be available
Types of personal protective equipment used in confined space

• Harnesses
• Retrieval lines

Province of Laguna
• Chemical protective
• Clothing
• Welding apron/sleeves
• Respirators
• Gloves
• Safety glasses
XIV. Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment

- Any physical material or equipment that is placed between the
employee and workplace hazards to reduce the injury potential of the
hazard
- Designed to protect employees from serious workplace injuries,
illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical,
mechanical, or other workplace hazards
• PPE must be provided to employees when necessary by reason of

hazards encountered that are capable of causing injury or impairment
• PPE (last line of defense) is not a substitute for engineering, work
practice, and/or administrative controls
• PPE creates barrier between hazard and route of entry
• Use of PPE does not eliminate the hazard so if the equipment fails then
exposure occurs
• Suitable and sufficient PPE must be worn to provide protection
Types of PPE
• Safety Glasses
• Goggles
• Face Shields
• Helmets
• Hoods
• Sleeves
• Shoes and Boots
• Mats and Blankets
• Respirators
• Gloves
• Coveralls
• Many Others

Province of Laguna
EYE & FACE PROTECTION Work Requiring PPE
• Working with Molten Metals
• Working with Liquid Chemicals
• Working with Hazardous Gases
• Working with Flying Particles
• Working with Injurious Radiant Energy
Types of eye protection

1. Screens
2. Safety glasses
3. Bugz – eye goggles
Figure 4. Types of eye protection
EYE & FACE PROTECTION Shall Conform Minimum Requirements

• For hazards which they are designed/intended
• Be reasonably comfortable to use
• Fit snugly, not interfere with movements of user
• Durable, easily cleaned capable for being disinfected
• Be kept clean and in good condition
• Be of approved type
Head protection
Hard hats
Class A - Protection from Falling Objects
Class B - Against fall of a wearer from certain height
Class AB - Combination of category A and B
Class AE - Falling articles and electricity
Class ABE - Combination of AE and B
ANSI Z59-1-1969 is adopted

Province of Laguna
Figure 5. Safety helmet
HAND PROTECTION
Gloves
• Tape Tops or Fold to Keep Liquids Out and Off Skin
• Vinyl, Rubber, Or Neoprene Are Adequate for Most Chemicals
• May Need Synthetic Gloves for Petroleum Based Products
• Vibration Absorbing Gloves Work Well
Figure 6. Different safety gloves
FOOT PROTECTION
• Avoid leather around chemicals
• Foot guards or ankle shields may be needed for some jobs
• A static free shoe designed to drain off static electricity may be needed
around computer

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Boots & Shoes
• Steel Toed Safety Shoes And Boots

• Puncture Proof Soles
• Non-Conductive For Electrical Work
• Rubber Or Synthetic Footwear Around Chemicals
Class H - Heavy work

Class S - Normal work
Class L - Light work
Figure 7. Different footwear
Hearing protection
• Common Workplace Injury
• Gradual Increase Over Time
• Damage Can Be Caused Without Pain
• Incorrect Protection Or Protection Worn Incorrectly Can Be Equally
Damaging

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Figure 8. Ear plugs
Figure 9. Ear pods
Figure 10. Ear muffs
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
• Respiratory Protection Is Generally Afforded By The Proper Selection And
Use Of Respirators
• Respiratory Protection Is Covered Extensively In A Specific Standard
ANSI Z88.2-1059 is adopted

Province of Laguna
Figure 11. Dust, mists and fume respirators
Performance Tasks
PT 1
1. What are the 3 characteristics of a confined space?

2. At what levels does oxygen become: Deficient? Enriched?
3. What is the maximum duration of a space permit?
PT 2
1. Identify where the safety helmet is used according to their color code
2. Do you think wearing a face shield is still necessary even if you are wearing a face mask? Expain
your answer
Learning Resources

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Module No. 9
Lesson Title Fire protection and prevention
Week
15
Duration
This lesson will introduce students to hazards caused by fire. This lesson will also
Description create awareness and understanding to student on fire prevention and fire safety
of the programs
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Learning • Identify the causes of fire and hazards
Outcomes • Understand fire prevention measures
• Create fire safety program
Objectives • Identify the causes of fire and hazards
• Understand fire prevention measures
• Create fire safety program
Online Activities I. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a Two-Hour class discussion on the Fire
protection and prevention. To have access to the Online Discussion,
Asynchronous) refer to this link: ____________________.

Province of Laguna
J. Learning Guide Questions:

13. What is are the causes of fire?
14. What are the methods of extinguishing fire?
15. How to prevent fire?
Lecture Guide
XV. Introduction
Fire
- A chemical reaction known as combustion
- It is the rapid oxidation of combustible material
- It is accompanied by a release of energy in the form of heat and light
Flash point
- The lowest temperature at which a substance will give off enough
vapors to form a flammable mixture with air near the surface of the
substance that will burn when a flame or spark is applied
Offline Activities Fire point

- The temperature at which a fuel will continue to burn after it has been
(e-Learning/Self-
ignited. This is a few degrees hotter that the flash point
Paced)
Ignition temperature
- The lowest temperature when a substance auto ignites (without flame
or spark)
Explosive of flammable range

- The concentration of a flammable vapor between the lower explosive
limit and upper explosive limit in a given quantity of air that will readily
burn
Characteristics of fire
Fire triangle
- Oxygen and fuel in proper proportion can be ignited by heat in order to
create a fire.
- If one of the three elements are removed, a fire cannot exists

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Figure 1. Fire triangle
Fire tetrahedron
- Simply add a fourth component of fire termed as chain reaction
Figure 2. Fire tetrahedron
Four classes of fire

1. Ordinary combustibles (class A)
• Wood
• Cloth
• Paper
• Rubber
• Many plastics

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2. Flammable/Combustibles (Class B)
Flammable liquids
Flash point = < 61 0C
Combustible liquid
Flash point > 61 0C
• Gasoline
• Oil
• Grease
• Tar
• Oil based paint
• Lacquer
• Flammable gases
3. Electrical Equipment (Class C)

• Energized electrical equipment
4. Combustible metals (Class D)

• Magnesium
• Potassium
• Sodium
• Titanium
• Zirconium
• Other flammable metals
XVI. Causes of fire
Electrical (23%)
- The leading cause of industrial fires. Most start in wiring & motors. Most
prevented by proper maintenance. Special attention needed for
equipment at hazardous processes & in storage areas
Smoking (18%)
- a potential cause of fire almost everywhere. A matter of control (self-
discipline) & education.
• Smoking strictly prohibited in dangerous areas, involving flammable
liquids…
• Provide designated smoking area(s)
• Initiate Quit Smoking programs

Province of Laguna
Friction (10%)
- hot bearing, misaligned or broken machine parts, jamming of material,
and poor adjustment of power drives & conveyors.
- Prevented by a regular schedule of inspections, maintenance &
lubrications
Overheating materials (8%)

- abnormal process temperatures, especially those involving heated
flammable liquids / materials.
- Prevented by supervision & competent operators, supplemented by
well-maintained temperature controls.
Hot surface (7%)

- heat fom furnaces, hot ducts, lamps, welding machines, generators,
exhaust manifolds, etc.
- Prevented by ample clearances, insulation & ventilation (air circulation
between hot surfaces & combustible / flammables)
Burner flames (7%)

- improper use of portable torches, boilers, dryers, ovens, furnaces,
portable heating units.
- Prevented by adequate ventilation, combustion safeguards & ample
clearance
Combustible sparks (5%)

- sparks & embers released from incinerators, furnaces, fire boxes,
various process equipment and industrial trucks / heavy equipment.
- Prevented by proper enclosing of working area & provision of spark
arrestor
Transmissions of fire
1. Conduction
- Transmission of heat through solid bodies
- Flames catching from one object to another
2. Convection
- Transmission of heat through movement of heated matter, smoke,
heated gases & flying embers
- Most life threatening & the fastest way fire travels
3. Radiation
- Transmission of heat through space or vacuum
- Heat rays causing nearby combustible objects to burst into flames

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XVII. Control of fire hazards
Methods of extinguishments
1. Remove heat
- Cooling of fire calls for the application of something which absorbs heat.
Although there are others, water is the most common agent
2. Remove fuel
- Often removing the fuel from a fire is difficult and dangerous.
- Shutting or closing of valves
3. Remove oxygen
- Oxygen can be removed from a fire by displacing it with a heavier than
air gas like CO2. O2 flowing into the fire can also be stopped by covering
the fire with a wet blanket or cover the burning surfaces with foam or
sand
4. Stop the chain reaction

- Recent studies indicate that the use of dry chemical on fire tends to
inactivate the intermediate processes of burning resulting in a
reduction of the combustion rate and in the extinguishment of fire
Fire extinguishers
1. Water extinguishers
- Effective for Class A fires. Water serves as cooling, quenching &
displacing agent
2. Foam extinguishers
- Effective for Class B fires where the foam forms a cohesive floating
blanket on the surface of the burning liquid
3. CO2 Extinguishers
- effective for Class B & C fires. CO2 reduces the O2 content
4. Dry chemical extinguishers

- Effective for Class A, B & C fires. It breaks the chain reaction inhibiting
the oxidation process w/in the flame itself
5. Dry powder extinguishers

- Effective for class D
- It absorbs the remaining fuel & pervent re-ignition

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Figure 3. Fire extinguisher anatomy
Fire extinguishers’ distribution criteria/maintenance

• Visible from all directions (Free of sight obstruction)
• Easily accessible (within immediate reach), no obstructions
• Near normal path of travel (entrance/ exit ways)
• Within 23 m. (75 ft) max. travel distance (Class A hazards)
• Within 15 m. (50 ft) max. travel distance (Class B hazards)
• Elevated off the ground/floor
• Reasonably away from immediate source of fire (i.e. not mounted on an
operating machine; outside flammable storage room, etc)
• Properly identified
• Regular inspection (Monthly as minimum)
• Periodic hydrostatic test
Proper use of fire extinguishers

Remember this easy acronym when using an extinguisher – P.A.S.S.
• Pull the pin.

• Aim the nozzle.
• Squeeze the handle.
• Sweep side to side at the base of the fire.
NOTE: If, when using a fire extinguisher, the fire is physically larger than
you can safely handle, evacuate the area and notify others by activating the
emergency pull station and call the Fire Department.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQV71INDaqY

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Causes of deaths and casualties
• Inadequate fire exits, firefighting equipment
• Lack of detection & alarm devices, occupants unaware of fire
• Inadequate design: no enclosure for stairways, elevators shafts &
openings through floors to prevent spread of fire
• Inadequate planning for emergency
XVIII. Fire prevention
• The best way to deal with fire is to prevent it from happening
Prime purposes of fire prevention

1. Locate the hazard
2. Determine the cause
3. Predict the probable effect and correct the fault
Simplified Fire safety elements

Fire prevention
– Fire Safety Engineering
– Good Housekeeping
– Electrical Safety
– Proper Storage
– Safe Practices
Fire Prevention
–Detection
–Alarm
–Fire Locator
–Extinguishments
–Evacuation
–First Aid
–Salvage
Hazard recognition/analysis
1. List down Fuel Supply, form, shape, characteristics
2. List down Heat Sources & heat travel form, i.e., conduction, radiation,
convection
Fire extinguishers inspections

• Accessibility & proper location
• Inspection Tag (last recharge & inspection)
• Nozzle
• Corrosion & Damage
• Lock pin & seal

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• Content (water level/pressure gauge/weight)
• Hose & Hose coupling
• Hydrostatic Test Validation
• Procedure to Use
Four fundamental rules of fire fighting

1. Save Life
2. Locate Fire
3. Confine Fire / Enclose
4. Extinguish Fire
Fire evacuation drill

• Twice a year (minimum)
• Evacuation Plan
– Exit
– Route
– Assembly Area
– Fire X Location
– First Aid Location
• Evacuation Procedure
• Permits
• Announced / Unannounced
• Paraphernalia
Figure 4. Building evacuation plan
Fire evacuation drill

1. Immediately stop what you are doing.
2. Go to designated assembly area.
3. Everybody out in 3 minutes.
4. Stay with your department and your safety marshal.
5. Go back only on the ‘ALL CLEAR’ signal of safety marshal

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When you see a fire
1. Call for help
2. Activate fire alarm if one is nearby
3. Try to put out small fire
4. Leave the fire area and go to designated assembly area
Important to remember
If you hear an alarm DO NOT assume it is a drill, your life may depend on it!
Performance Tasks
PT 1
How you will handle the following fire scenario?
4. Your class is outside playing a group game and you notice what appears to be flames coming
from a classroom window.
a. No fire alarm has been activated and you are unable to reach the office by walkie talkie or
cell phone. As you take your classmates to an area away from the building, two of your
classmates take off running towards the building
b. While standing with your class in a safer location, you hear cries for help coming from the
window and notice students crawling/jumping out of the window
5. You and your class are in the gym for an assembly. Without warning, the fire alarm is activated
a. While exiting the gym with your class, you notice a student in the hallway that is having a
serious medical issue that requires medical assistance.
b. While tending to the student that has the medical issue, you notice a lot of smoke coming
your way through the hallway
6. While students are eating lunch, you notice some smoke coming from a storage room inside the
cafeteria.
a. Upon investigating, you discover flames shooting out of the doorway and a box of chemicals
nearby.
b. The fire alarm does not activate, so you attempt to get the attention of the students to
organize an evacuation. As soon as you say that there is a fire, students begin screaming and
running for the door in a stampede like manner.

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Learning Resources

Province of Laguna

Module No. 10
Lesson Title Emergency Action plan
Week
16
Duration
Date June 28– July 4
This lesson will introduce students to emergency action plan. This lesson will also
Description allow students to what to do in case of emergency
of the
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Learning • Identify the severity of the disaster
Outcomes • Know emergency actions to minimize possibility of panic
• Enable people to leave and endangered place in the shortest practicable time
Objectives • Identify the severity of the disaster
• Know emergency actions to minimize possibility of panic
• Enable people to leave and endangered place in the shortest practicable time
Online Activities K. Online Discussion via Google Meet

Emergency action plan. To have access to the Online Discussion, refer to
Asynchronous) this link: ____________________.

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L. Learning Guide Questions:

16. What is emergency and disaster?
17. What are the guidelines in emergency preparedness?
Lecture Guide
XIX. Emergency action plans
• Emergencies may happen in spite of preventive measures. Management

can reduce frequency of occurrence and severity of injuries or damage
with correct identification and evaluation of hazards, effective
preparation/ planning, training, and implementation.
Emergency
- is an unforeseen event that requires an immediate action from trained
personnel; an urgent need of assistance or relief
Disaster
- An extremely serious state of emergency where the possibility of loss of
Offline Activities life, severe injury or extensive damage to property exists
(e-Learning/Self-
Emergency action plans
Paced) - Required by OSHS and benchmarked from best practices
- Must be in writing
- Kept in the workplace
- Available to employees
- Used to evacuate personnel from a building in an emergency
• Medical emergency
• Fire
• Bomb threat
• Hazardous material spill
• Etc
Elements
Element A
- Procedures for reporting emergencies

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Element B
- Alarm system description
• Type of building fire alarm system
• How to activate the alarm?
• Is the alarm audible and visible?
• What does it sound like?
• Remote signal
• Location of fire alarm panel
• Connections of heating, ventilation, air conditioning system to the fire
alarm system
If there is no fire alarm system in the work area

1. It must be indicated in the EAP
2. In case of emergency, immediately and aggressively advise all the
persons
3. Be clear, direct distinct and effective in your communication
Element C
- Evacuation policy and procedures
• For a full evacuation, ERT commander may initiate evacuation

• In the case of an emergency situation in which responders are not
immediately available, a person who discovers the occurrence may
initiate evacuation
• Use the nearest exits
• Occupants must not use the elevators
• Stay at least 100 feet away from the building
• Assemble at the location as designated in the EAP
• Do not block exits
Evacuation policy and procedures for special needs persons

- May include persons who are mobility impaired, hearing impaired,
vision impaired, breathing/other health issues, mental health problems,
and other impairments
1. Supervisors must consistently pre – audit their department for

occupants with special needs
2. In case of an emergency and the special needs person are able to
evacuate, then they should do so immediately
3. If they are unable to evacuate using the stairs or without assistance,
they should remain in their area and immediately contact
emergency responder
4. Rescue will be initiated by the ERT commander
5. A person should remain with them to assist

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Element E
Procedures to account for employees after evacuation
1. When alarm sounds, verify the area is completely unoccupied and doors
closed
2. At the assembly area, evacuees should remain together
3. Visibly check for those present at the assembly area
• Conduct a head count, ask other staff members
• Check sign in sheet or other occupant list and
• Use cellphone of two way radios to verify evacuation
4. Report the status of evacuation to ERT commander
Element F
- Responsibilities for rescue and medical task procedures
Element G
Employee training
- To be done as per the following
• When the plan is developed
• When the employee is assigned initially to a job
• When the employee’s responsibilities under the plan change
• When the plan changes
• When the employee is relocated to another job site
- Review each EAP element with the employees

- Show them the following in your work area
1. Exit route assignments. (How to get out of the building using all
possible exits? Show location of exits and stairs)
2. Outside assembly area
3. Fire alarm pull station, smoke detectors, automatic sprinklers, fire
alarm horns/speakers and strobe in the hallways or rooms (if
available)
Element H
Names or titles, department and phone numbers of employees who can be
contacted for additional information.
Element I
- List of key personnel or departments who should be contacted during
off hour emergencies
Fire EAP
1. Emergency alarms and detectors
2. Plant wide emergency alarm testing
3. Provision of firefighting equipment

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4. Muster points
5. Evacuation routes posted at strategic locations
6. Emergency contacts (internal and external)
7. Updated fire brigade team (24/7 to cover all shifts)
8. Evacuation and firefighting drills
9. Local fire truck respond drill
Medical EAP
1. Provision of site clinic
2. Provision of emergency vehicle or ambulance. (fully equipped)
3. Paramedic team deployment (24/7 to cover all shifts)
4. First aid and CPR training
5. MOA or MU with nearest hospital
6. Actual drill using the emergency vehicle from plant to nearest hospital.
(To check driver’s ability, vehicle capability and timing)
7. Actual drill using helicopter medical evacuation
8. Monthly medical emergency drill with different scenario
Emergency action plan

Primary concerns
• Check the scene (is it safe?)
• Initial survey
• Activate EAP/EMS
• Established and maintain cardiovascular function
Secondary concern
• Establish level of CNS function
• Treat/prepare the victim to be transported
Principles of assessment
1. Appropriate acute care cannot be provided without a systematic
assessment occurring on the playing field first
2. On field assessment
- Determines the nature of injury
- Provides information regarding direction of treatment
- Divided into primary and secondary survey
Primary survey
- Performed initially to establish presence of life threatening condition
- Airway, breathing, circulation, shock and severe bleeding
- Used to correct life threatening conditions
Secondary survey
- Life threatening condition ruled out

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- Gather specific information about the injury
- Assess vital signs and perform more detailed evaluation of conditions
that do not pose life threatening consequences
Vital signs to be check

1. Heart rate and breathing rate
2. Blood pressure
3. Temperature
4. Skin color
5. Pupils
6. Movement
7. Presence of pain
8. Level of consciousness
Unconscious worker
• Assume life threatening condition
- Note body position and location
- Check and establish airway, breathing, circulation
- Assume neck and spine injury
• Once stabilized, a secondary survey should be performed
On – field injury inspection

• Determine injury severity and transportation from field
• Must use logical process to adequately evaluate extent of trauma
• Individual performing initial assessments should document findings of
exam and actions taken
Off field assessment

• Performed by physician once worker has been removed from site of
injury
Divided into 4 segments
1. History
- Obtain information about injury
- Listen to worker and how key questions are answered
2. Visual observation
- Inspection of injured and non-injured areas
- Look for gross deformity, swelling, skin discoloration
3. Physical examination
Palpation
- Assess bony and soft tissues
- Systematic evaluation beginning with light pressure and
progressing to deeper palpation (Beginning away from the injured area)
4. Special test
- Designed for everybody region for detecting specific pathologies

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- Used to substantiate findings from other testing
Immediate treatment following acute injury

• Primary goal is to limit swelling and extent of hemorrhaging
• If controlled initially, rehabilitation will be greatly reduced
• Control via PRICE
Protection
- Prevents further injury
- Immobilization and appropriate forms of transportation will
prevent further damage
Rest
- Allows healing to begin immediately
- Days of rest differ according to extent of injury
- Rest should occur 72 hours before rehab begins
Ice (cold application)

- Initial treatment of acute injuries
* Use for strains, sprains, contusions, and inflammatory conditions
- Used to decrease pain
- Lowers metabolism and tissue demand for oxygen
- Ice should be applied for 20 min
Repeat every 1 – 1 ½ hrs.
Applied during the first 72 hrs.
Compression
- Decrease space allowed for swelling to accumulate
- Important adjunct to elevation and cryotherapy, and may be
most important component
- Compression should be maintained daily and throughout the
night for at least 72 hrs
Elevation
- Reduces internal bleeding due to forces of gravity
- Prevents pooling of blood and aids in drainage
- Greater elevation = more effective reduction in swelling
Emergency action plan

• Must be executed with techniques that will not result in additional
injury
• No excuse for poor handling
• Planning is necessary and practice is essential

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Performance Tasks
PT 1
1. When are we going to evacuate our area when there is typhoon?
Learning Resources

Province of Laguna

Province of Laguna

Module No. 11
Lesson Title 5S
Week
17
Duration
Date July 5 – July 11
This lesson will introduce students to housekeeping standards done in company. This
Description lesson will also allow students to practice the said standards in their home
of the
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Learning • Understand the benefits of working in a clean and neat environment
Outcomes • Define 5S principles, and identify visual tools
• Explain how to apply the 5S principles and visual tools to enhance workplace
organization
Objectives • Understand the benefits of working in a clean and neat environment
• Define 5S principles, and identify visual tools
• Apply the 5S principles and visual tools to enhance workplace organization
Online Activities M. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a Two-Hour class discussion on the 5S.
To have access to the Online Discussion, refer to this link:
Asynchronous) ____________________.

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N. Learning Guide Questions:

18. What is 5S?
19. How to practice 5S?
20. What is the importance of 5S?
Lecture Guide
XX. 5S
5S
- It is a structured program to implement workplace organization and
standardization
- Represents five disciplines for maintaining visual workplace
- Foundation to Kaizen and lean implementation. Ex. TPM
Importance of 5S
1. Lays the foundation of lean enterprise
2. Establishes a baseline for Kaizen Activities
Offline Activities Kaizen

- Japanese word which means continuous improvement or change for
(e-Learning/Self-
better
Paced) - Japanese business philosophy that focuses on gradually improving
productivity by involving all employees and by making the work
environment more efficient.
3. Cornerstone of employee engagement

4. Helps to eliminate waste
What is 5S?
1. Seiri - Sort -
2. Seiton - Systematize
3. Seiso - Sweep
4. Seiketsu - Sanitize
5. Shitsuke - Self discipline

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Seiri (sort)
- Take out unnecessary items and dispose and keep what is needed
Seiton (Systematize)
- Arrange necessary items in good order for use
Seiso (Sweep)
- Clean your workplace
Seiketsu (Sanitize)
- Maintain high standard of housekeeping
Shitsuke (Self discipline)

- Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered
How to practice 5S?

Seiri
1. Look around your workplace with your colleagues. Discover and
identify items which are unnecessary to your work.
2. Dispose all unnecessary items. Never keep anything which are
unnecessary to your workplace
3. If you or your colleagues cannot decide if an item is necessary or
unnecessary, put disposal notice with date on the item and set the item
aside
4. After a certain period, check if someone needed the item or not.
5. If no one needed the item for certain period, then that means it is not
needed for your work
6. When you cannot decide yourselves, then you can make time to make
decision
NOTE:
1. In this sorting operation, you must not forget inside all drawers, lockers
and cabinets.
2. Disposal can be done in either of the following:
a. Sell to outside company
b. Move to other department/place where the item is needed
c. Throw it away, or dispose as garbage
• In disposing item, it is best to make people know who has the authority
for disposal.
• It is also better to make known to all where to return excessive stock of
materials and supplies.
• While looking around for unnecessary items in your workplace, look at
every nook and corner like when you are looking for cockroaches!

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• REMEMBER, it will be a BONUS to you if you found some useful items!
Seiton
1. Make sure all unnecessary items are eliminated from your workplace
2. Think of what things should be put where, taking into account the flow
of your work, movements of equipment, if there are any, from the point
of view of safe and efficient operation.
3. Decide with your colleagues which things to put where also from the
point of view of safe and efficient operation. The principle is to put most
frequently needed item close to the user so as to minimize the
movement of the person. Things which are not so often used could be
placed farther away.
4. You make a plan with your colleagues based on these principles and
locate things accordingly.
5. It is necessary to make sure that everyone at your workplace know
what are kept where for efficient use.
6. Make a list of things with their locations and put it in cabinets/lockers.
Label each drawer/cupboard to show what is kept inside
7. Apply the same principles and indicate the places where fire
extinguishers are located, exits/entrances and whenever necessary,
warning signs for safety precautions
Note:
1. Objective of SEITON is to make your workplace a safe and efficient place
to work in. So, such a thing as a curtain on the cupboard which hide
things behind should be eliminated
Seiso (Sweep)
- There is very strong correlation between quality of products and
cleanliness of the workplace where the product or service is
manufactured. Accordingly, SEISO (Sweep) should be practiced every
day, and sometimes, even during the day
• Do not wait until things get dirty. Clean your workplace, including
machines and equipment, tools and furniture, regularly so that they do
not have the chance to get dirty.
• Put aside 3 minutes every day for SEISO
• You and your colleagues should be responsible for the work area around
you.
• The janitors and sweepers will, then, look after the common areas only.
If you hope to work in clean and safe environment, it is best for you to
create such environment
• Never throw anything and make it your habit
• Cleaning is also checking
• If you agree, start today.

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Note:
1. In addition to 3 minutes for SEISO (sweep) everyday, you can have
weekly 5S time, or monthly 5S day. Benefits of practicing 5S is much
bigger than the time spent for 5S.
2. Regular cleaning and checking extends the lives of machines and
reduces breakdowns
3. Practice of SEISO (Sweep) by the people of the work area reduces needs
for maintenance staff and janitors/sweepers. Those people could be
shifted to more productive work.
Seiketsu (sanitize)
- Maintain high standard of housekeeping so as not to waste your efforts,
do not stop after implementing the initial 3S’
• Create a maintenance system for Housekeeping. Make a schedule for

cleaning for your workplace.
• Interdepartmental competition is a very effective means of sustaining
and enhancing people’s interest on 5S
Note:
1. Indicate the name(s) of the person who is responsible for the work area
and for the machine
2. Regular inspection and evaluation by a special 5S committee members
on the level of 4S by each work area is necessary
3. Do not criticize poor cases, but also praise and commend good practices
or good performers.
Shitsuke (Self Discipline)

- Do things spontaneously without being told or ordered
• It is to make everyone practice 4S spontaneously and willingly as habit

or way of life.
• There is no other way to foster such culture than practicing 4S’s
regularly until such time comes when everyone becomes fond of 5S
How:
1. Treat your workplace as your (own) second home.
2. You are spending more of your WAKING TIME at your workplace than
at home.
3. Your workplace is an important place where you make money for
yourself and your family.
4. If you hope your home to be clean and comfortable place, why don’t you
try to make your workplace as clean and comfortable as your home.

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• Managerial people should show good examples
Benefits of 5s
Individual
1. 5S makes my workplace more pleasant (office layout, office
temperature, light adjustment)
2. 5S makes me more efficient (office procedure, form simplification,
process mapping)
3. 5S improves my safety (it addresses all unsafe work areas, install safety
sensors and equipment to prevent accidents)
4. 5S improves quality of my work and my service
Company
1. 5S increases plant efficiency (through the improvement done on both
organizational and structural 5S, which can be quantified in terms of
time saved, elimination of factory losses such as forced outage, etc. all of
these results can help boost plant efficiency)
2. 5S improves quality/productivity (it takes quality problems for both the
operations/ maintenance and support personnel in addressing the root
causes of problems…)
3. 5S reduces cost (it can generate many suggestions from the employees
on how to reduce cost. Re-use, Recycle and Reduce programs)
4. 5S makes reporting on time
5. 5S improves morale (having a workplace with a good working condition
and systems and procedures which are easy to follow, it uplifts the
morale of employees. This is one intangible benefits of 5S)
Key Points in implementation of 5S

1. Start small and easy, proceed slowly but steadily.
• If you make haste, it is easy to fail.
• For big organizations, start with pilot area.
• Trial practice at model area and model machine.
2. Start with the most suitable “S”.

• For messy workplace, start from 1st S - SEIRI with “Akafuda Operation”.
• For troublesome machine, first conduct SEISO then do SEISO inspection.
• Everyone can participate in “SEISO”. But they need to be familiar with
machines, proper cleaning procedures and tools.
• SEISO - inspection requires specialists.

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3. Only 1 or 2S’s are enough for the initial practice, not all 5S’s.
• First 3S’s (SEIRI, SEISO,SEITON) are action words.
• 4th S - SEIKETSU is a CONDITION.
• 5th S - SHITSUKE is accordingly CULTURE.
4. Set simple, easily achievable and step-by-step targets.

• Themes are helpful to concentrate efforts and achieve greater results.
• Practice 5S together with other movements.
• Integration through selection of common themes.
Performance Tasks
PT 1
2. Apply the first 3s in your own room. Take a picture of before and after and make a
documentation.
Learning Resources

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Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

The online discussion will be announced

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

B. Learning Guide Questions:

• Manual handling is a common activity in most workplaces

Material handling considerations

Types of material handling

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

II. Manual handling

Causes of Back Injuries and Back Pain

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Forces involved in lifting

When you have to manually handle loads consider:

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

1. Check the object before you attempt to lift it.

2. Make sure the load you are lifting is packed correctly.

3. Make sure the load is easy to reach.

Best way to pick an object

Test the load

Back Injury Prevention: Plan your Lift

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

• Is the object bulky? Will you need help?

Planning Ahead – the Route

Planning Ahead – the Drop Off Point

Lowering the Object

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

Principles of reducing heavy lifting

• Reduce the weight

Principles for reducing frequent lifting

Principles for reducing awkward lifting/Reaching

Principles for reducing awkward lifting/Bending

• Use mechanical assistance to raise the load

Principles for reducing awkward lifting/ Reaching above shoulders

Lifting Techniques Training

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

• Have employees demonstrate proper lifting techniques before

Other factors in back injuries

Exercises that can improve material handling

Proper storage procedures

Store only compatible hazardous materials

Material handling, storage and disposal

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

1. More back injuries occur at work than at home. True or False

1. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS, DOLE

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities C. Online Discussion via Google Meet

The online discussion will be announced

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

D. Learning Guide Questions:

An electrical hazard can be defined as a serious workplace hazard that

Three types of burns

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING

4. Arc Flash/Arc Blast

VII. Basic electrical circuits

• A basic completed electrical circuit requires three things to function

LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING