COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Sector : LAND AND TRANSPORTATION

Qualification Title : Driving NC 2

Unit of Competency : IMPLEMENT AND COORDINATE ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY

PROCEDURES

Module Title : IMPLEMENTING AND COORDINATING ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY

PROCEDURES

PROVINCIAL TRAINING CENTER - MISAMIS ORIENTAL

Poblacion, Libertad, Misamis Oriental

Date of 1st Revised: June 2016 Document No. ALT832304

Date of 2nd Revised.: April 2020
Issued by:
1st revised by: Armando D. Bolivar - PTC-MOR
RTC KPVTC, Davao Page 1 of 53
2nd revised by: Rosalino L. Daumar Jr. –
COBSAT, Cagayan de Oro City Revision# _2_
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module in Driving NC II. This module contains training materials
and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “IMPLEMENT AND COORDINATE
ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY PROCEDURES” contains knowledge, skills and
attitudes required for a trainer course. It is one of the specialized modules in
Driving NC II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are
Information Sheets and Resources Sheets (Reference Materials for further reading
to help you better understand the required activities). Follow these activities on
your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning outcome. You may
remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your
facilitator/trainer) to write your answers for each self-check. If you have questions,
don‟t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in
this learner's guide because you have:
• been working for some time
• already completed training in this area.
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so
you don't have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or
Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to your trainer. If the
skills you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they
may become part of the evidence you can present for RPL. If you are not sure
about the currency of your skills, discuss this with your trainer.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency in
“IMPLEMENT AND COORDINATE ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY PROCEDURES”.
This will be the source of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in
this particular trade independently and at your own pace, with minimum
supervision or help from your instructor.
• Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the Training of
this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections, which
cover all the skills, and knowledge you need to successfully complete this
module.
Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read information sheets and complete the self-check. Suggested
 references are included to supplement the materials provided in this
module.
• Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
• Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to
consider when you are completing activities and it is important that
you listen and take notes.
• You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice
on the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular
work shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory
and also your confidence.
• Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
• Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your
own progress. When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you
perform the activities outlined in this module.
• As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for
this reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask
your trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
• When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will
arrange an appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The
results of your assessment will be recorded in your competency
Achievement Record.

Instructional sheets:

 Information Sheet – This will provide you with information (Concepts,

principles and other relevant information) needed in performing certain
activities.

 Operation Sheet – This will guide you in performing single task, operation
process in a job.

 Job Sheet – This is designed to guide you how to do the job that will
contribute to the attainment of the learning outcome.
 Assignment Sheet – The assignment sheet is a guide used to enhance
(follow up) what you have learned in the information sheet or job sheet.

 Worksheet – are the different forms that you need to fill up certain activities
that you performed.
 LIST OF COMPETENCIES

NO UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE

1 Carry Out Vehicle Carrying Out Vehicle ALT723348
Maintenance and Servicing Maintenance and Servicing

2 Drive Light Vehicle. Driving Light Vehicle ALT832302

3 Obey Traffic Rules and Obeying Traffic Rules and ALT832303
Regulations Regulations
4 Implement and Coordinate Implementing and ALT832304
Accident Emergency Coordinating Accident
Procedure Emergency Procedure
 MODULE CONTENT

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Implement and Coordinate Accident

Emergency Procedure

MODULE TITLE : Implementing and coordinating accident

Emergency Procedure

INTRODUCTION

The module involves the skills, knowledge and attitudes required in

responding to emergency incidents, performing follow-up support and assistance
and communicate with concerned individual during emergency.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of this module the trainees are expected to:

1. Respond to emergencies.

2. Arrange follow up support and assistance.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

1. Potential emergency situations are identified and assessed based

on emergency procedure.
2. Actions are prioritized and provided based on the criticality of the
emergency situation.
3. Incident reports are prepared in accordance with regulatory and
workplace procedures
4. Responsibilities are fulfilled in accordance with emergency
procedures and/or regulatory requirements
5. Medical assistance and support is arranged in accordance with
workplace procedures.
6. First aid is applied in accordance with medical procedure.
7. Passenger needs are identified and provided based on emergency
situation.
LEARNING OUTCOME #1 Respond to Emergencies
CONTENTS • Guidelines in the event of Emergency
• Kinds of Emergency Situations
• Incident Reporting

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
• Emergency and potential emergency
situations are identified and assessed
based on emergency procedures
• Actions are prioritized and provided based
on the critically on the situations.
• Incident report is prepared in accordance
with emergency procedures
• Responsibilities are fulfilled in accordance
with emergency procedures and/ or
regulatory requirements.
REFERENCES • Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th
Edition; ERJAVEC
• Automotive Technology; 4th Edition;
ERJAVEC
• Toyota Training Manual
• Auto Mechanics, Theory and Service
• By: de Kryger, Kobacik.Bono
• Automotive Mechanics; 10thed.
• Crouse: Anglin
• Internet Websites
CONDITION: Students/Trainees must be provided with the
following:
• Request form
• Incident report form
• Fire extinguisher
• Learning module
• Video materials
• Driving tools. material/equipment

ASSESSMENT METHOD • Written Test

• Demonstration
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

LEARNING OUTCOME 1 RESPOND TO EMERGENCIES

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read information sheet 4.1-1 on Use information sheet 4.1-1 on Different

Different Types of Vehicle Emergency Types of Vehicle Emergency Situation
Situation
Check your answer using Answer Key
Answer Self-check 4.1-1
4.1-1

Read Information Sheet 4.1-2 on Kinds Use Information Sheet 4.1-2 on Kinds of
of Body Accident Accidents/Shocks Body Accident Accidents/Shocks

Check your answer using Answer Key

4.1-2
Answer Self-check 4.1-2

Read Information Sheet 4.1-3 on Use Information Sheet 4.1-3 on

Guidelines in the Event of Emergency
Guidelines in the Event of Emergency
Check your answer using Answer Key
Answer Self-check 4.1-3
4.1-3

Read Information Sheet 4.1-4 on Use Information Sheet 4.1-4 on Incident

Incident Reporting Reporting

Check your answer using Answer Key

Answer Self-check 4.1-4
4.1-4
 INFORMATION SHEET #4.1-1

Different Types of Vehicle Emergency Situation

Learning Objectives:

After reading this information sheet the trainees must be able to:

1. Identify the different types of emergency situation

The Different Types of Vehicle Emergency Situation

1. Vehicle collision
2.crime accident (hold-up, kidnapping and related crimes)

3.fire resulted from engine overheating or faulty electric wiring

4. hit and run

5.loose of brake/uncontrolled

6 .tire blown out

 Self-check 4.1-1
Enumeration:

1. What are the different types of emergency situation?

2. Give at least 3 causes of vehicle collision?
 Answers key 4.1-1

1. Types of emergency situations

a. Vehicle collision
b. Crime accident (hold-up, kidnapping and related crimes)
c. Fire resulted from engine overheating or faulty electric wiring

2. Three causes of vehicle collision

a. Hit and run

b. Loose of brake/uncontrolled
c. Tire blown out
 INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-2

KINDS OF ACCIDENT BODY INJURIES/SHOCKS

Objective: After reading this information sheet, the trainee should be able to
enumerate kinds of accident body injuries/shock.
 SELF-CHECK 4.1-2

ENUMERATION
Instruction: Enumerate the Basic causes of shock
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
 ANSWER KEY 4.1-2

1. Severe bleeding

2. Heart attack

3. Infection

4. Starvation

5. Crushing injuries

6. Pump failure

7. Laceration

8. puncture
 INFORMATION SHEET 4.1-3

GUIDELINES IN THE EVENT OF EMERGENCY

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
After reading this information, you should be able to:

1. Enumerate guidelines in attending emergency situations;

GUIDELINES IN EMERGENCY SITUATIONS:

 SELF-CHECK 4.1-3

ENUMERATION:

1. Enumerate the guidelines in attending emergency situation.

Answer Key 4.1-3
 Information Sheet 4.1-4
Incident Reporting
Objectives: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be able to:
1. Give importance of Preparing Incident Reports.
Incident Reporting

It is important to record details of the casualty’s physical condition and any

changes, including management of the casualty and response to management. As
soon as the casualty has been stabilised, a report must be made to your
supervisor.

There are several reasons for this.

• This documented record is a legal document and may be used in a

court of law, for example, as evidence in a law suit or a coroner’s
investigation.
• If the casualty is transferred to a doctor’s or hospital’s care, this
record can be communicated to the doctor.
• The incident may be investigated, identifying and rectifying causes to
prevent the incident from occurring again.
• The records may be a useful tool for obtaining information used for
audits.

Methods

Your workplace will have an accident/incident form that will need to be completely
filled in.

Company procedures

Always follow company procedures. You may have to write details first into a
logbook and then fill out an accident/incident form. Maybe you will only have to
fill out an accident/incident form. Whatever the company policy, make sure it is
followed. Be sure to fill out all information requested as soon as practicable and
sign the form. It is normal practice to submit the form to management.

Incident reporting
Notification of work-related incidents to OHS authorities is a legal requirement of
both the workers’ compensation and occupational health and safety legislation. In
New South Wales this authority is WorkCover NSW.
The following is a list of relevant legislative provisions:
• Section 44 of the Workplace Injury Management and Workers
Compensation Act 1998
• Clause 32 of the Workers Compensation Regulation 2003
• Sections 86 and 87 of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2000
• Clauses 341, 341A, 342, 343 and 344 of the Occupational Health
and Safety Regulation 2001
From 1 September 2003, work-related incidents under clause 341 are called
incidents. Previously, these incidents were called accidents and other matters.
Also from 1 September 2003, there is a new simplified incident notification system
in NSW. The types of incidents that should be reported include:
• Serious incident involving a fatality or a serious injury or illness.
Notify WorkCover immediately by phone and the workers
compensation insurer within 48 hours.
• Incident involving an injury or illness to workers, where workers’
compensation is or may be payable. Notify the workers compensation
insurer within 48 hours.
Serious incident with no injury or illness, but is immediately life threatening.
Notify WorkCover immediately by phone plus notify WorkCover within seven days
to make full report using the online form or a printed version.
Incident with no injury or illness, and is not immediately life threatening. Notify
WorkCover within seven days using the online form or a printed version.
These provisions include non-workers, for example visitors of customer at the
workplace.
When notifying, you will be asked questions about the incident. Some information
will only need to be provided when there has been a death, injury or illness. This
information is marked with an asterisk*.
Employer information:
• name of employer
• address (street address, suburb, postcode)
• ABN number
• type of industry.
Notifier information:
 • name of notifier
• phone number.
* Injured person details:
• name of injured, ill or deceased person
• residential Address (street, suburb, postcode)
• date of birth
• phone number
• non-worker category (eg. visitor, customer).
Incident details:
• date of incident
• location of incident (location, street, suburb, postcode)
• description of how incident happened
• description of injury, illness or death*.
Insurers may ask for more information.
Occupiers of workplaces/employers must keep the following records about the
notification for at least five years after the notification is given:
• a record of the date, time, place and nature of the incident/injury
• a record of the date of notification and the way in which the
notification was given
• a record of any acknowledgement given by the insurer or WorkCover.
These records must be made available for inspection by a WorkCover inspector or
an authorised representative of the worker. An entry in the Register of Injuries
kept under is a sufficient record of an injury to a worker for notification purposes.
The record of any acknowledgement of the notice can also be kept as part of the
Register of Injuries.
 Self-Check 4.1-4
Enumeration

Instruction: Enumerate the following:

1. Employer information:
2. Notifier information:
3. Injured person details:
4. Incident details:
5. Insurers may ask for more information.
 Answer Key 4.1-4
1. Employer information:
• name of employer
• address (street address, suburb, postcode)
• ABN number
• type of industry.
2. Notifier information:
• name of notifier
• phone number.
3. Injured person details:
• name of injured, ill or deceased person
• residential Address (street, suburb, postcode)
• date of birth
• phone number
• non-worker category (eg. visitor, customer).
4. Incident details:
• date of incident
• location of incident (location, street, suburb, postcode)
• description of how incident happened
• description of injury, illness or death*.

5. Insurers may ask for more information.

• a record of the date, time, place and nature of the incident/injury

• a record of the date of notification and the way in which the
notification was given
• a record of any acknowledgement given by the insurer or WorkCover.
LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Arrange follow-up support and assistance
CONTENTS • Medical assistance and support is
arranged in accordance with workplace
procedures
• Passenger needs are identified and
provided based on emergency situation

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA • Medical assistance and support is

arranged in accordance with workplace
procedures.
• First aid is applied in accordance with
medical procedure.
• Passenger needs are identified and
provided based on emergency situation.
REFERENCES • Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th
Edition; ERJAVEC
• Automotive Technology; 4th Edition;
ERJAVEC
• Toyota Training Manual
• Auto Mechanics, Theory and Service
• By: de Kryger, Kobacik.Bono
• Automotive Mechanics; 10thed.
• Crouse: Anglin
• Internet Websites
CONDITION: Students/Trainees must be provided with the
following:
• Request form
• Incident report form
• Fire extinguisher
• Learning module
• Video materials
• Driving tools. material/equipment

ASSESSMENT METHOD • Written Test

• Demonstration
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LEARNING OUTCOME 2
Learning Activities
Read Information Sheet 4.2-1 on First
Aid Procedures: General Requirements
Answer Self-check 4.2-1
Perform Job Sheet 4.2-1 on
Management of any First Aid Situation
Perform Job Sheet 4.2-2 on
Transporting an Injured Person
Arrange follow-up Support and
Assistance
Special Instructions
Use Information Sheet 4.2-1 on First
Aid Procedures: General Requirements
Check your answers using Answer Key
4.2-1
Evaluate your performance Using
Performance Criteria Checklist 4.2-1
Evaluate your performance Using
Performance Criteria Checklist 4.2-2
 Information sheet 4.2-1

Apply First Aid Procedures: General Requirements

Objective: After reading the information sheet, the trainee should be able to apply
First Aid Procedures: General Requirements.

Apply First Aid Procedures: General Requirements

When providing first aid care for people experiencing illness from common medical
conditions it is advisable to follow the instructions of the casualty or their family (if
possible). Individuals who have long term medical conditions such as diabetes or
asthma know best how to manage a first aid situation but may require your
assistance.

Reassure the casualty

Imagine you are hurt in a workplace accident. You can see blood on your leg and
you think you’ve broken your arm. You’ve twisted your ankle and you’re also in
considerable pain and feeling a bit dizzy. You will probably be feeling frightened
and panicked or confused.

Feeling frightened and panicked could make things worse for you. Feeling this way
will increase your blood pressure and pulse causing more pain and more bleeding.
This will in turn cause more anxiety and panic. It becomes a vicious circle.

Not only is it important to reassure the casualty to make them feel better, this also
lowers the blood pressure and pulse rate and therefore lowers the amount of
bleeding and pain.

Think of what kind of things could alleviate some of this anxiety and panic.

Methods

There are definite dos and don’ts regarding ways in which you can reassure the
casualty.
DO DON’T

Be as honest as possible. Don’t tell them bad news eg ‘Emma

is dead.’ If the casualty asks about
another casualty who is dead or
critical, just say ‘Everything is
being done for them.’

Let the casualty know that Don’t react to the situation ie don’t
help is on its way. shout ‘Oh my goodness, look at
Bob.’ or ‘Gee, look at all that
blood.’

If an ambulance has been

called, let the casualty
know this.

Stay with the casualty. Do not leave the casualty.

Try to make them Don’t move the casualty

comfortable with minimal unnecessarily.
movement eg blankets,
icepack.

Tell the casualty your Don’t tell the casualty to look at

name, find out theirs and the wounds.
use it eg ‘How are you
doing, Bob?’ and ‘Help is
on it’s way, Bob.’

Act confidently, instilling Don’t fall apart (eg do not say ‘I

trust in the casualty. don’t know what to do’).

Offering reassurance is the process of providing information that is comforting and

instils trust and confidence in your abilities to provide first aid care. You can offer
reassurance through giving the casualty information about the care you are
providing and by letting them know that professional help is on the way, if this is
the case. Your reassurance can greatly assist in reducing the casualty’s fears and
anxieties. In some circumstances bystanders may also require reassurance that
the situation is under control.

Make the casualty comfortable

You may be required to assist in a first aid situation by getting resources such as:

• first aid kit

• blankets
• mobile phone (to call for help)
• torch
• thermometer
• ice pack
• resuscitation mask or pocket face mask
• space blanket
• extra bandages
• spacer device
• gloves.

First Aid kit

If you do need to assist by accessing any of these items, prepare yourself by

becoming familiar with where these items are kept in the workplace. This will save
time and speed up the first aid response, help to promote recovery and may
prevent injuries from worsening.

Sometimes, you may need to improvise to provide effective first aid. That is, you
may need to be creative and think laterally because you might not have exactly
what you require. You will need to use something else instead. Look around you
and think of what resources you may be able to use. For example, if you need to
elevate the casualty’s legs, look for a bag or case, a small box or a chair, which can
be turned upside down in order to elevate their legs. If you can’t find anything,
hold the casualty’s legs up yourself.

Elevating a casualty’s leg

Determine and explain nature of injury and first aid procedure

For many people it would be important to know what their injuries are or what
their condition is and what first aid management if being given. Knowledge can
provide comfort and reassurance to a casualty.

Before you start providing more information to the casualty, determine first
whether they wish to be told — watch their reaction when you begin to inform
them. If the casualty nods, says OK, or asks questions, you can be assured they
wish to know what is happening.

The casualty usually has to participate in their first aid management to some
extent either by answering questions, for example, ‘Have you got your asthma
medication with you? Or they may have to position their arm slightly for a bandage
to be applied. Be aware that you will need to read their body language to gauge
how much information to provide for their comfort.

Seek consent from the casualty

When offering any assistance to a casualty who is conscious, it is important to

seek their permission for you to provide first aid management. If the casualty is
unconscious or in a life threatening situation, you should act immediately and
presume that they would prefer you to offer any assistance.
When offering first aid management for people under the age of 18, consent should
also be sought from their parent or guardian, when available.

A casualty who is of sound mind and has not provided consent or has clearly
stated that they want to be left alone, must have their wishes respected otherwise
it could be considered assault. Even with the best of intentions, it is very
important that permission is sought prior to administrating first aid. The casualty
who tells the first aider that they are fine, and that they do not need help had their
own reasons for refusing assistance.

Role of the first aider

The trained first aider should provide initial treatment to the casualty that is
consistent with the first aider’s level of training and competence. As a first aider
your role and responsibilities will depend on the accident scene, the available
resources and any relevant workplace policies and procedures. In general, a first
aider may be required to:

• assess the scene

• call for and assist Emergency Services
• provide first aid management of injuries and illnesses
• direct bystanders
• provide shelter, warmth, food and fluids, if appropriate
• provide reassurance and emotional support
• report to a supervisor and complete injury/illness forms
• maintain first aid supplies and equipment.

Caution – Work within your role limits

All first aid procedures provided by the first aider should be limited by the extent
of his/her role and skills. Where the first aid management or medical treatment
required is beyond a first aider’s level of competence, the first aider should seek
assistance from trained professionals such as an ambulance officer, medical
practitioner, or occupational health nurse.

Legal liability

Work Cover NSW (2001) states that first aiders have no more responsibility than
that set out in the employee duties under the Occupational Health and Safety
(OHS) Act. However, if any person hinders or prevents access to first aid they
might be found guilty of an offence under the OHS Act. In most instances, your
employer assumes legal responsibility for your actions if you provide first aid
services in the course of your employment and in accordance with workplace
procedures and your level of training and skill.

While there is no law in New South Wales that demands a first aider render
assistance in an emergency situation in the community setting, once a first aider
provides first aid they do have a duty of care.

Duty of care

The term duty of care is used to describe any legal responsibilities and
requirements for people to act in a certain way. As a first aider you have a duty to
use the knowledge and skills that you obtain in your first aid training whenever
you choose to render first aid to a casualty. Once you give first aid you have a duty
to provide care to the best of your abilities until such a time as you endanger your
own safety, the casualty no longer requires your assistance, or you have been
relieved by a more qualified person.

First aiders should not administer first aid management beyond their level of
training and should weigh the risks involved in treating a person against their own
capabilities to provide safe and effective first aid. If you are engaged in paid or
voluntary employment to act as a First Aid Officer, you have a duty to provide first
aid services to those in your care, for example, work colleagues, clients and
visitors to your place of work.

Seek assistance from others

If you do find yourself in a situation where the casualty needs urgent first aid or
medical attention, the sooner you raise the alarm the sooner help will arrive. Do
not leave the casualty. Call for help. Depending on the workplace set-up, you may
be able to call for help, or you may have to use an intercom or telephone. Find out
your workplace procedures regarding getting help.

In most workplaces there will be enough staff working nearby that you can quite
easily raise the alarm. You may be able to call out to the person closest to you to
either get the first aid kit, the supervisor or any qualified first aider, depending on
whom you are working with and where the first aiders are.
Methods

You can call out something like this:

‘Nancy, we need some first aid in the playground for Tommy.’ or

‘John, quickly bring the first aid kit to the office. Mr Smith has hurt himself.’

Remain calm but assertive.

Correctly operate equipment

First aid equipment refers to the first aid kit, the defibrillator and other equipment
such as Epi-pens, puffers and spacers.

An automated external defibrillator (AED) is a portable automatic device used to

restore normal heart rhythm to patients in cardiac arrest. An automated external
defibrillator is applied outside the body. The AED automatically analyses the
casualty’s heart rhythm and advises the first-aider whether or not a shock is
needed to restore a normal heart beat. If the casualty’s heart resumes beating
normally, the heart has been successfully defibrillated.

The defibrillator is very simple to use. The first-aider simply follows the
instructions. However, it is strongly recommended that you complete a short
course on using a defibrillator so you are well prepared should you need to use it.

Use safe manual handling techniques

Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary

Manual handling is an activity which requires the use of force exerted by a person
to lift, lower, pull, push, move, carry, restrain or hold any object, person or even
animal. It is an activity that is required of all people both at home and at work.

Here are some general principles based on the laws of physics. They are:

• Have a wide base of support — keep feet apart, point toes in the
direction you are going to move, knees should be slightly flexed. This
 avoids using the small muscle in the back and uses the thigh
muscles.
• Keep object close to the body.
• Keep object close to hip/pelvic area (centre of gravity).
• The line of gravity should always be vertical and should remain
perpendicular to the ground. In other words, keep back straight
while lifting and carrying.
• It is easier to push or slide an object than lift.
• Transferring the lifter’s weight during movement exerts less energy.
• Size up the load to be carried and get help (human or mechanical) if
the load is too big, heavy or awkward.
• Bend the legs, keep back and arms straight, lift with leg muscles.

Based on these general principles, here are some important principles to

remember when lifting or moving objects

• Always use both arms and legs.

• Turn in direction of movement.
• Use smooth movements.
• Bend knees, squat, and keep back straight and stand in front of
object when lifting something from ground level.
• Use appropriate lifting aides.
• Avoid twisting, stretching and bending if possible.
• Wear appropriate clothing which allows you to move comfortably.
• Proper footwear is also vital to prevent injuries from slips and falls.

Mechanics of lifting

Now, let’s look at the mechanics of lifting.

: Lifting? This is wrong. Never lift like this! Why?

Handling people

Handling people is a bit different to handling boxes — people move and have
characteristics that must be taken into account in manual handling tasks.
Unpredictable behaviour such as sudden movements and the need to adopt
awkward or static working postures can put you at risk.

Here are some tips to help when moving people:

• encourage the person to assist if possible

• move a person to the same level or from a higher to a lower level
rather that the other way around
• do not push, pull or slide a person sideways
• use furniture or mechanical equipment to minimise holding time
• use equipment with pushing/pulling applies at about waist level
• avoid double handling.

Handling casualties

Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary

This procedure should be followed for a person who has fallen on the floor or who
is found sitting or lying on the floor.

Under no circumstances attempt to manually lift the person from the floor. Never
attempt to lift a person alone. The person may have suffered a stroke, a heart
attack, an epileptic fit, a bleeding wound, or a fracture. Further injury of the
person can occur if manual lifting is attempted.

• Lay the person down on the floor and make them comfortable.
• Assess the person for possible complications, bleeding and
consciousness.
• Call for assistance.
• Place a pillow or towel under the person’s head.
• Ring for an ambulance if serious injury is suspected.
If the person is not seriously hurt you could attempt to help the person to stand by
rolling them onto his or her side, then onto all fours and then into a kneeling
position. Using a chair as a prop, help the person up and onto the chair. Should
the person be unable to do this with light assistance, then an ambulance should
be called.

Monitor and respond to casualty’s condition

It is important that the whole process of responding to the casualty occurs quickly
so that assessment and management of the situation may be carried out
effectively.

How do you know that somebody is in need of first aid in the first place? What are
the signs that make you suddenly stop what you are doing and become more alert
to an incident or situation? Your answer may include using your senses:

What do you hear? Perhaps you heard shouting, screaming, a call for help, a
crash, or moaning.

What do you see? Did you see a person on the ground, strange behaviour, an
upturned chair, a group of people, smoke or flames?

What do you smell? Did you smell gas, petrol, fumes or burning?

The following are some guidelines for responding to the casualty’s condition:

• Do not approach the casualty if it is unsafe to do so.

• ALWAYS call for help.
• If the casualty is unconscious, determine airway and breathing
• If the person is conscious but can’t move or feel their arms or legs,
DON’T move them. They may have a spinal injury.
• Manage illness and injuries with the guidance of a qualified first
aider and stay with the casualty.

If you need to phone for an ambulance and give details of the situation and
workplace location, make sure you know exactly where you are! You should know
the following:

• address
• nearest cross street
• the building level you are on
 • the best way for the ambulance to gain access to the casualty.

Effective first aid principles

What actually is first aid? First aid is the initial care of the sick or injured. First
aid management is a set of established procedures and aims to:
• help promote recovery
• prevent the injury or sickness from becoming worse
• seek medical help
• promote a safe environment
• provide comfort
• protect the unconscious casualty
• preserve life.

It is important to follow these basic first aid steps:

1. do not panic
2. assess the situation quickly
3. make sure the area is safe to approach
4. identify the injury or sickness
5. call for help
6. stay with the casualty
7. manage the casualty
8. monitor the casualty; their situation could change at any time.

Finalise casualty management

On completion of any casualty management scenario you might be required to:

• clean up the immediate area
• take immediate action to prevent recurrence of the accident
• complete workplace illness/injury forms
• seek opportunities to debrief with a work colleague, friend, family
member or professional counsellor
• restock any first aid kits/supplies.
 Self-Check 4.2-1

True or False

Instruction: Write T if the statement is correct and f if the statement is wrong.

1. Not only is it important to reassure the casualty to make them feel better,
this also lowers the blood pressure and pulse rate and therefore lowers the
amount of bleeding and pain.
2. When offering any assistance to a casualty who is conscious, it is important
to seek their permission for you to provide first aid management
3. Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary
4. It is important that the whole process of responding to the casualty occurs
quickly so that assessment and management of the situation may be carried
out effectively.
5. First aiders should not administer first aid management beyond their level of
training and should weigh the risks involved in treating a person against
their own capabilities to provide safe and effective first aid.
 Answer Key 4.2-1

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. T
 Job Sheet 4.2-1

Title Management of Any First Aid Situation

Objective After performing the Job Sheet, the trainee

should be able to perform the process on
managing of any first aid situation.
Materials/Tools/ • First Aid equipment and materials
• Communication equipment appropriate to
Equipment the workplace
• Workplace Documentation
• Enterprise Products

Procedures Task

1. Initial approach a. Assess the scene and make sure it is safe

to a first aid to enter
scene b. Gather immediate impressions and
information
c. Gain consent to offer assistance

2. Determine a. Use the DRABCD Action Plan to conduct

immediate an initial assessment of the casualty and
priorities to determine if life threatening situations
(DRABCD) exist
b. Administer immediate Basic Life Support,
as required

3. Call for help

a. Call services such as Emergency Services and
the ambulance for help at the earliest possible
stage, if required

4. Secondary
a. Look for signs and symptoms of injury or
assessment of illness
the casualty
b. Manage injuries and illness
c. Provide reassurance
d. Assess for and manage shock
 e. Closely monitor the victim’s condition

5. Communicate
a. Hand over information to Emergency
details of the Services
incident
b. Advise workplace supervisor of incident
c. Complete any necessary workplace reports
6. Finalise first aid
a. Clean up the scene
management
b. Restock any first aid kits/supplies
c. Seek counselling or debriefing, as required

Performance Performance Criteria Checklist

Assessment
 Performance Criteria Checklist

Criteria Yes No

Did the trainee…

1. Perform Initial approach to a first
aid scene?
2. Determine immediate priorities
(DRABCD)?
3. Call for help?

4. Perform Secondary assessment of

the casualty?
5. Communicate details of the
incident?
6. Finalize first aid management?
 Job Sheet 4.2-2

Title TRANSPORTING AN INJURED PERSON

Objective After performing the Job Sheet, the trainee

should be able to transport an injured person.
Materials/Tools/ • First Aid equipment and materials

Equipment
Procedures Task

1. Check the • If your loved one is injured and the injury

Injury before involves his or her neck or back, DO NOT
Moving the move your loved one unless absolutely
Person necessary. Call for professional medical
emergency services

2. Make Sure the • If the injured person must be pulled to

Injured Person safety, for example, he or she is lying in a
Has to be public place, move the person to a safer or
Moved less busy area slowly and carefully. Pull the
person’s body gently lengthwise, not
sideways. If possible, slide a coat or
blanket under the person and pull the
coat/blanket as the way of moving the
person.

3. Moving an • Placing an injured person on a blanket:

Injured Person
1. Carefully turn the person toward you and
slip a half-rolled blanket under his or her
back.
2. Turn the person on his or her side over the
blanket, unroll, and return the person onto
his or her back.
3. Drag the blanket by the top (where the
person’s head is lying) first, keeping your
back as straight as possible.
 • If the injured person must be lifted:

1. Support each part of the person’s body.

Have another person help you provide
support at the injured person’s head, while
you support the injured person’s feet (or
vice versa). Use a board, shutter, table top
or other firm surface to keep the injured
person’s body as level as possible.

 Wait until the appropriate emergency

medical personnel arrive on the scene.

Performance Performance Criteria Checklist

Assessment
 Performance Criteria Checklist

Criteria Yes No

Did the trainee…

1. Check the Injury before Moving the
Person?

2. Make sure the injured person has to

be moved?

3. Moving an Injured Person

appropriately?

4. Perform OHS?

5. Perform 5’s?
 INSTITUTIONAL ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT

EVIDENCE PLAN

QUALIFICATION TITLE Driving NC II

IMPLEMENT AND COORDINATE

UNIT OF COMPETENCY
ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

IMPLEMENTING AND COORDINATING

MODULE TITLE
ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Ways in which evidence

will be collected (tick the
box)

Demonstration
Oral interview

Written Exam

Portfolio
The evidence must show that the candidate…
1. Responded to emergency situations*
x x

2. Arranged follow-up support and assistance*

x x

3. Performed OHS x x
4. Performed 5’s
RATING SHEET FOR DEMONSTRATION WITH ORAL QUESTIONING

Candidate’s Name:

Assessor’s Name:

Assessment Center:

Qualification: DRIVING NC II

Unit of Competency IMPLEMENT AND COORDINATE

ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Module Title IMPLEMENTING AND COORDINATE

ACCIDENT/EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Date of observation:

During the performance of skills, the candidate…. Yes No

• Responded to emergency situations?

• Arranged follow-up support and assistance?

• Performed OHS?

• Performed 5’s?
ORAL QUESTIONING CHECKLIST

Satisfactory
response

The candidate should answer the following questions: Yes No

1. What would you do if when offering first aid management
for people under the age of 18?

2. What are the organizational regulations that apply when

accident happens?
3. What would you do if some first aid kit/resources are not
available in your workplace?
4. How to prepare incidents reports?

5. How do you avoid the feeling frightened and panicked of the

casualties that increases their blood pressure and pulse
causing more pain and more bleeding?

Date:
WRITTEN EXAM

A. ENUMERATION

1. What are the different types of emergency situation?

2. Give at least 3 causes of vehicle collision?
3. Role of first aider
4. Objectives of first aid

B. True or False

Instruction: Write T if the statement is correct and f if the statement is wrong.

1. Not only is it important to reassure the casualty to make them feel better,
this also lowers the blood pressure and pulse rate and therefore lowers the
amount of bleeding and pain.
2. When offering any assistance to a casualty who is conscious, it is important
to seek their permission for you to provide first aid management
3. Do not move the casualty unless it is absolutely necessary
4. It is important that the whole process of responding to the casualty occurs
quickly so that assessment and management of the situation may be carried
out effectively.
5. First aiders should not administer first aid management beyond their level of
training and should weigh the risks involved in treating a person against
their own capabilities to provide safe and effective first aid.
 Answer key

Written:
A. Enumeration
1. Types of emergency situations

a. Vehicle collision
b. Crime accident (hold-up, kidnapping and related crimes)
c. Fire resulted from engine overheating or faulty electric wiring

2. Three causes of vehicle collision

a. Hit and run

b. Loose of brake/uncontrolled
c. Tire blown out

3. Role of first aider

a. Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician
b. It is not intended to compete with or take the services of the
physician
c. It ends when medical assistance begins

4. Objectives of first aid

a. To alleviate suffering
b. To prolong life
c. To prevent added or further injury or damages
B. True or False
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
Interview:

1. Consent should also be sought from their parent or guardian, when available.
2. Always follow company procedures. You may have to write details first into a
logbook and then fill out an accident/incident form. Maybe you will only have to
fill out an accident/incident form. Whatever the company policy, make sure it is
followed. Be sure to fill out all information requested as soon as practicable and
sign the form. It is normal practice to submit the form to management.
3. You may need to improvise to provide effective first aid. That is, you may need
to be creative and think laterally because you might not have exactly what you
require. You will need to use something else instead. Look around you and think
of what resources you may be able to use. For example, if you need to elevate the
casualty’s legs, look for a bag or case, a small box or a chair, which can be turned
upside down in order to elevate their legs. If you can’t find anything, hold the
casualty’s legs up yourself.

4. Always follow company procedures.

5. Think of what kind of things could alleviate some of this anxiety and panic.
Offering reassurance is the process of providing information that is comforting and
instills trust and confidence in your abilities to provide first aid care. You can offer
reassurance through giving the casualty information about the care you are
providing and by letting them know that professional help is on the way, if this is
the case. Your reassurance can greatly assist in reducing the casualty’s fears and
anxieties. In some circumstances bystanders may also require reassurance that
the situation is under control.
COMPETENCY ASSESSMENT RESULTS SUMMARY

Candidate’s Name:

Assessor’s Name:

Qualification: DRIVING NC II

Date of Assessment:

Assessment Center:

The performance of the candidate in the

following assessment methods Not
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
[Pls. check () appropriate box]

A. Demonstration with Oral Questioning

B. Written Exam

Did the candidate's overall performance

meet the required evidences/ standards

OVERALL EVALUATION
COMPETENT NOT YET COMPETENT

Recommendation:
FOR RE-ASSESSMENT _____
FOR NATIONAL ASSESSMENT _____

General Comments [Strengths / Improvements needed]

Candidate’s
Date:
signature:

Facilitator’s
Date:
signature:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This draft of Competency Based Learning Materials was prepared at the Cagayan
de Oro (Bugo) School of Arts and Trades Bugo Cagayan de Oro city. In fulfillment
of the requirement for TQ 1.

It was based on the competency standard for Automotive Service Technician

developed by the Skill Standard and Certification Office (SSCO), and the
Competency-Based Curriculum Instructional Modules developed by the National
Institute for Technical Vocational Education and Training (NITVET), Technical
Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).

Some materials for these learning modules were taken from the modules developed
by different TESDA-supervised schools.

REFERENCE AND FURTHER READING

1. Internet Website