Carry Out Minor Vehicle Rpasirhovia

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
AUTOMOTIVE/LAND TRANSPORT
Qualification:
DRIVING NC II
Unit of Competency: CARRY OUT MINOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
AND SERVICING
Module Title: CARRYING OUT MINOR VEHICLE
MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
RPASI
RIVERVIEW POLYTECHNIC and ACADEMIC SCHOOL, INC.
Ibulao, Baguinge, Kiangan, Ifugao
HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASE LEARNING MATERIALS
 Welcome to the module in Carrying out minor vehicle maintenance and servicing.
This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
 The unit of competency “Carry out minor vehicle maintenance and servicing"
contains knowledge, skills and attitudes required. It is one of the specialized modules in
Driving NC II.
 You are required to go through a series of training activities in order to complete each
learning outcome of the module. Complete procedures are provided for you to follow
when performing the task required for this module.
 In each learning outcome are Information Sheets and task sheets. Follow these activities
on your own and answer the self-check at the end of each learning outcome. If you have
questions, don’t hesitate to ask your instructor for assistance.
 Each task forms contains the title, the learning outcome or objective for the task, the
assessment standards and the task content or requirements that you must achieve to be
successful. Rating sheet on task sheet will be provided by your instructor that contains
all the training and re-assessment records, which will be completed by your instructor as
your training progresses or at the end of each training session.
 Where task requirements can not be reasonably accessed within the limit where the
competency based training course is being conducted, your instructor will explain the
item but he will not require you to sign off the task or the rating sheet.
 Before you commence any practice, your instructor should explain each driving task to
you. You should also comply with the requirements of the training institution.
TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

AUGUST 2019 Issued by:
DRIVING NC II
Developed by:
CARRY OUT MINOR VEHICLE JULIO R. SANSANO Page 2 of 81
JULIO V. SANSANO JR.
AIVOR B. BULAYO Revision # 01
(RIVERVIEW POLYTECHNIC AND ACADEMIC SCHOOL, INC.)
1. You must comply with the condition of trainees permit:
a. Basic competency Certificate
b. Training permits from the registrar
c. Student driving license permit (LTO)
2. You should carry with you your student driver’s license permit at all times
When driving.
3. You must not carry any passengers or animals during the training session except for the
instructor conducting the training.
4. For safety reasons you must wear appropriate footwear when driving- thongs, bare feet,
clogs (shoes thicker than 3cm.) or shoes without heel support.
When you are learning to drive the instructor accompanying you is required to:
1. Instruct you in the safe and efficient operation of the motor vehicle
2. Instruct you the correct application of the Philippines road rules
3. Be seated immediately alongside you at all times while you are driving. This applies to
parking practice (even in car parks) except if the training session is conducted within
the school compound.
4. Comply with the licensing and National Certificate requirements
You should also insure that they have the following characteristics:
• Patience and calm approach to your learning
• The ability to guide you in your practice.

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INSTRUCTION SHEETS:
Information Sheet – This will provide you with information (Concepts, principles and other
relevant information) needed in performing certain activities.
Operation Sheet – This will guide you in performing single task, operation process in a job.
Job Sheet – This is designed to guide you how to do the job that will contribute to the
attainment of the learning outcome.
Assignment Sheet – The assignment sheet is a guide used to enhance (follow up) what
you have learned in the information sheet or job sheet.
Worksheet – are the different forms that you need to fill up certain activities that you
performed.

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LIST OF COMPETENCIES
NO UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE
Carrying out minor vehicle

Carry out minor vehicle maintenance and servicing
1
maintenance and servicing
Driving light vehicle

2 Drive light vehicle
3 Obey and observe traffic rules and Obeying and observing traffic
regulation rules and regulation
Implement and coordinate accident Implementing and coordinating

4
emergency procedure accident emergency procedure

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MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Carry out Minor Vehicle Maintenance and Servicing
MODULE TITLE : Carrying out Minor Vehicle Maintenance and Servicing
MODULE DESCRIPTOR : This module deals with the skills and knowledge and attitudes
required to carry out basic servicing and maintenance of a light
vehicle such as cleaning the vehicle. It also includes the action
to implement the vehicle manufacturer’s specifications for
routine checks and maintenance and that the vehicle is optional
to the requirements of both the workplace and the relevant road
and traffic authority.
NOMINAL DURATION : 20 hours
QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:
L.O. 1 Clean vehicle unit
L.O.2 Maintain and service the vehicle system

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LEARNING OUTCOME #1 CLEAN VEHICLE UNIT
CONTENTS:
1. Parts and functions of light vehicle
2. Cleaning materials
3. Relevant OHS and proper disposal of wastes
4. Care and use of cleaning tools and equipment
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Vehicle is cleaned as per prescribed procedures using appropriate cleaning supplies,
tools/equipment and according to occupational health and safety (OHS).
2. Wastes are disposed of as per relevant ordinance, rules or law.
CONDITION: Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
EQUIPMENTS
1. Light Vehicle Unit
2. Air compressor
3. Vacuum pump
4. Steam polisher
5. Polisher
6. Hose
a. Soap
b. Car shampoo
c. Clean water
d. Absorbent cloth
e. Pail
8. Learning modules
Assessment method:
1. Oral questioning
2. Written examination
3. Demonstration of practical skills
LEARNING EXPERIENCES

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CLEAN VEHICLE UNIT
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information 1.1-1 If you have some problem on the content of
Parts and function of light vehicle the information sheet don’t hesitate to
approach your facilitator.
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable
on the content of the information sheet 1.1-
1, you can now answer self-check provided
in the module.
Answer self-check 1.1-1 If you got 100% correct answer in this self-
check, you can now move to the next
information sheet. If not, review the
information sheet and go over the self-check
again.
Read Information 1.1-2

If you have some problem on the content of
Cleaning materials
the information sheet don’t hesitate to
in the module.
If you got 100% correct answer in this self-

Answer self-check 1.1-2
again.

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Relevant OHS and proper disposal of wastes the information sheet don’t hesitate to
in the module.
again.

Care and use of cleaning tools and If you have some problem on the content of
equipment the information sheet don’t hesitate to
in the module.
again.
READ INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

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PARTS AND FUNCTION OF LIGHT VEHICLE
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to identify the
parts and function of the vehicle.
Parts and function of light vehicle
A car is a complex machine with several systems functioning simultaneously. While most
modern cars contain computerized systems that are beyond the understanding of all but the
most specialized technicians, knowing the basic parts of a car and how they function makes it
easier to spot problems, perform basic repairs and drive more responsibly.
The Engine
Every car is powered by an engine, and most cars use an internal combustion engine that runs
on gasoline. Gas, along with air, is drawn into a combustion chamber where it is compressed

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and ignited by a spark. The resulting combustion provides a power stroke that, when repeated
rapidly, powers the car. Engines are often referred to by the number of cylinders they have,
and each cylinder contains its own combustion chamber. A car's overall power is a function of
the size of the engine as well as factors such as the timing of the combustion and the type of
transmission used.
The Drive Line
The drive line is a series of components that connect the motion produced by the engine to the
wheels of the car to provide forward (or backward) motion. The engine is connected to a drive
shaft (a rigid metal shaft) via the transmission. Whether a car uses an automatic or manual
transmission, the function is the same: to use metal gears to match the engine's speed to the
power requirements of the car, which depend on vehicle speed, the slope of the road surface
and the weight of the car itself. Additional gears transmit power from the drive shaft to the
wheels themselves.
The Electrical System

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A car's electrical system is powered by a rechargeable battery that draws its power from the
engine itself, which acts as a generator. The battery is used to start the car, providing the initial
motion of the engine and powering items such as the fuel pump and starter. A car's battery is
also used to power the headlights, radio, dashboard gauges, turn signals and an array of
safety sensors. Most cars also have additional uses for the electrical system such as power
automatic windows or door locks. All of these electrical items are wired to the battery with a
series of fuses ensuring that the electrical system can continue to function even if one part
fails.
Brakes and Wheels
Various types of wheels and tires are useful for driving under specific conditions. All-season
tires, for example, have the versatility of being used throughout the year, even if severe
conditions occur. A car's brakes are one of its most important safety features and generally
come in one of two types: disc or drum. Disc brakes use a spinning disc, which is pinched
between brake pads mounted on calipers to slow the motion of the car. Drum brakes use
shoes that push outward to contact the inside of a spinning cylinder, or drum. Some cars
contain both types of brakes (one type for the front wheels, another for the rear wheels) to take
advantage of the best each type of braking system has to offer.

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Dashboard Instruments
ABS warning light

Low fuel notification Seat belt reminder
Brake system alert Tire pressure monitor Front airbag
Fog beams indicator

Battery warning Emergency
indicator
Temperature
Power train Open doors
warning
malfunction indicator
light

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High beam light Oil pressure
warning Turn signals
One of the most visible parts of a car is its instrumentation. Most drivers are aware of the
speedometer and fuel gauge, but other dashboard instruments are equally important. A
tachometer, which displays engine speed in rotations per minute (RPM), indicates how hard
the engine is working. An oil pressure gauge or engine temperature gauge can be useful in
diagnosing common problems, such as a leak of oil or engine coolant respectively. Stopping a
car when oil pressure begins to drop or temperature begins to rise can avoid catastrophic
engine failure.
SELF CHECK 1.1-1

Matching Type
Column A Column B
a. Low fuel notification

1. ___________________

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b. Turn signals
2. _____________________
c. Seat belt reminder

3. _______________________
d. High beam light
4. ______________________
e. Oil pressure
5. ______________________
f. Battery warning
6. _______________________
g. Temperature warning light
7. ______________________
h. Brake system alert
8. _______________________
INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

CLEANING MATERIALS
different cleaning supplies and equipment.
Cleaning Supplies
1. Soap – a substance that is used for washing something.

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2. Shampoo – to wash with soap and water or with a special preparation.
3. Rags - a small piece or scrap of usually old or unwanted cloth used for cleaning,
polishing, or applying liquid substances.
4. Oil – a liquid lubricant usually made from crude oil and used for lubrication between
moving parts.
5. Air freshener – to grow or become fresh, to increase in strength.

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6. Polish – to make smooth and shiny by rubbing it.
7. Water – is used for drinking, washing, etc.

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Cleaning Tools and Equipment
1. Vacuum cleaner – an electrical machine that cleans floor, rugs, dirt and dust.
2. Steam cleaner – a device or machine used for cleaning things.
3. Mop and basket – a bundle of cloth or yarn or a sponge attached to a long/short

handle.
4. Pail – a round container that is open at the top and usually has a handle.

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5. Polisher - to make smooth and shiny by rubbing it.
6. Broom – a brush that has a long/short handle and that is used for sweeping
floors
7. Hose – usually rubber tube that liquid or gases can flow through.
8. Pressure Washer – the weight or force that is produced when something

presses or pushes against something else.

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SELF CHECK 1.1-2
Matching Type
Column A Column B
A. air freshener
1. __________
. B. water
2. _________
. C. soap
3. _________
D. shampoo
4. _________
. E. polish
5. _________
F. rags
6. _________
. G. oil
7. __________
SELF-CHECK 1.1-2

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Multiple Choice
1. Usually rubber tube that liquid or gases can flow through.
a. Hose
b. Polisher
c. Steam cleaner
2. A device or machine used for cleaning things.

a. Steam cleaner
b. Vacuum cleaner
c. Polisher
3. The weight or force that is produced when something presses or pushes against
something else.
a. Polisher
b. Pressure washer
c. Vacuum cleaner
4. An electrical machine that cleans floor, rugs, dirt and dust.

a. Vacuum cleaner
b. Steam cleaner
c. Pressure washer
5. To make smooth and shiny by rubbing it.

a. Polisher
b. Rags
c. Steam cleaner

RELEVANT OHS AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF WASTES

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OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know the proper
disposal of wastes.
10 Reasons Why Workplace Safety Is Important

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1. SAFETY PROGRAMS CREATE PRODUCTIVE WORK ENVIRONMENTS
Properly managed safety programs show commitment to safety by the management in turn creating a great
safety culture where everyone ‘wants’ to be safe.
2. ABSENTEEISM DROPS WHEN EFFECTIVE SAFETY PROGRAMS ARE INTRODUCED
Workers want to work in a safe environment; absenteeism drops when effective safety programs are
introduced.
3. WORK PREMISES ARE KEPT TO HIGHER STANDARDS
Work premises are kept to higher standards for safety, cleanliness, and housekeeping
4. A SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENT PRODUCES HAPPIER EMPLOYEES/TRAINEES
A safe work environment produces happier employees/trainees; everyone wants to go home safe each day.
5. EMPLOYEE INSURANCE CLAIMS DECREASE IN SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENTS
Worker Compensation insurance claims decrease, in turn lowering WCB Rates. This is a benefit to any
company/institution that has to pre-qualify to work; a lower rate gives you a better grade with your clients.
6. A COMPANY’S/INSTITUTION’S MOST VALUABLE ASSET IS PROTECTED — IT’S PEOPLE
7. SAFETY PROGRAMS ENABLE A COMPANY TO WIN AND RETAIN BUSINESS CUSTOMERS
8. SAFETY PROGRAMS CREATE AN ENVIRONMENT WHERE SAFETY IMPROVEMENTS ARE

CONSIDERED, ENCOURAGED AND IMPLEMENTED
In turn, workers feel like they are part of the safety solution.
9. SAFE WORK ENVIRONMENTS ENHANCE THE BRAND VALUE AND GOODWILL FOR A
COMPANY/INSTITUTION
Enables a company/institution to win and retain business customers. Clients want to work with companies
that are safe (less downtime due to incidents).
10. SAFETY REDUCES BUSINESS COSTS AND DISRUPTION
Reducing business costs creates productive work environments.

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The Importance of Proper Waste Disposal
Proper waste disposal is critical due to the fact that certain types of wastes can be hazardous
and can contaminate the environment if not handled properly. These types of waste also have
the potential to cause disease or get into water supplies. There are rules and regulations in
place for how specific types of waste should be disposed of. Following them allows for toxic
waste to be safely discarded without the risk of environmental contamination.
Reduce your garbage by disposing it by the most effective means.

1. Sort your garbage into a few different bins. ...
2. Bring any garbage that can be reused, such as toys or clothing, to a secondhand store to
be resold.
3. Take recyclables such as glass, plastics and paper to a local recycling center.
SELF-CHECK 1.1-3

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Enumeration
1. Give at least 3 importance of proper waste disposal.
A.
B.
C.

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CARE AND USE OF CLEANING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to care and use
cleaning tools and equipment.

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Self-check 1.1-4

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1. Why do we need to clean our tools and equipment after use?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
LEARNING OUTCOME #2 Maintain and Service the Vehicle System

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CONTENTS:
1. Parts of vehicle and its function
2. Basic principles of operation of vehicle system such as electrical system, fuel
system, cooling system, steering system, exhaust system, tires and brakes.
3. Routine service and maintenance of light system
4. Minor routine repair and servicing
5. Diagnosis of vehicle faults and irregularities and major repair and service
requirements
6. Housekeeping
7. Writing and documenting service and maintenance reports
8. Care and use of tools for routine maintenance and servicing
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Vehicle is cleaned as per prescribed procedures using appropriate cleaning supplies,
tools/equipment and according to occupational health and safety (OHS).
2. Wastes are disposed of as per relevant ordinance, rules or law.
CONDITION: Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
EQUIPMENTS
1. Light Vehicle Unit
2. Air compressor
3. Vacuum pump
4. Steam polisher
5. Polisher
6. Hose
a. Soap
b. Car shampoo
c. Clean water
d. Absorbent cloth
e. Pail
f. Learning modules
Assessment method:
1. Oral questioning
2. Written examination
3. Demonstration of practical skills
LEARNING EXPERIENCES

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MAINTAIN AND SERVICE THE VEHICLE SYSTEM
Learning Activities Special Instructions

Parts of vehicle and its function the information sheet don’t hesitate to
Answer self-check 1.2-1 in the module.

again.
Basic principles of operation of vehicle
system
in the module.
again.
Routine service and maintenance of light the information sheet don’t hesitate to
vehicle approach your facilitator.

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in the module.
again.
Minor routine repair and servicing If you have some problem on the content of
in the module.
again.
Diagnosis of vehicle faults and irregularities
and major repair and service requirements
in the module.

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again.
Housekeeping the information sheet don’t hesitate to

in the module.
again.
Writing and documenting service and If you have some problem on the content of
maintenance report the information sheet don’t hesitate to

in the module.

again.
Care and use of tools for routine the information sheet don’t hesitate to
maintenance and servicing approach your facilitator.

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in the module.
Answer self- check 1.2-8
again.

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PARTS OF VEHICLE AND ITS FUNCTION
parts and function of the vehicle.
Top 10 common car parts and their use
Engine:
Car engine, the big metal box type thing under the bonnet in human biology terms is the heart
of the car and like the heart the engine is made up of all different components which make the
car move and function. Fuel and air is fed into the engines cylinders where combustion takes
place, causing rapid expansion of the gases in the form of heat which then creates motion.
Alternator:
Ever wondered how all your car electrics work? This is the job of your car’s alternator – it turns
the rotating movement of the drive belt into electricity. It does this by turning a magnet inside a
coil of wire producing a voltage to charge the car’s battery. This allows the battery to power for
the cars electrical components like your headlights, brake lights and internal electrics.
Radiator:
Your car’s engine can get very hot from all the moving parts within it, the radiator is located at
the front of the car allowing fresh air to run over and through the radiators fins to help absorb
the coolants excess heat to ensure the car doesn’t over heat. Coolant is pumped through the
radiator and through chambers in the engine block by the engines water pump.
Suspension:
The car’s suspension job is to keep your tires in contact with the road and works to reduce the
impact felt in the cabin on varying road surfaces, so if your car is bouncing a lot it may be time
to get your suspension looked at.

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Ignition:
Your car’s ignition acts like a match that ignites the air/fuel mixtures which makes the car run.
Muffler:
The muffler is a metal container under the car which has a series of sub-chambers inside,
which help to reduce the engine noise. Ever wonder why some cars are so loud when they
drive past? It’s generally because the muffler has been altered.
Brake Pads:
Your car’s brakes are made up of different components and the brake pads job is to slow the
rotation of the wheels by sandwiching the brake discs, causing friction and heat.
Chassis:
The chassis is where all the parts of the car are bolted on and protected.
Exhaust Pipe:
The exhaust pipe carries the engines exhausted combustion gases into a special gas
converter (or in mechanic speak a catalytic converter) and from there to the muffler and
eventually out the back of the car as emissions.
Transmission:
The car’s transmission job is to transmit the power and torque from the engine to the wheels in
different gear ratios according to the car’s road speed.

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-1
Matching Type
Column A Column B
______1. a machine that converts heat energy to
a. transmission
mechanical energy.
______2. is where all the parts of the car are bolted on
b. brakes
and protected.
______3. is to slow the rotation of the wheels by
c. engine
sandwiching the brake discs, causing friction and heat.
______4. is a metal container under the car which has
a series of sub-chambers inside, which help to reduce d. muffler
the engine noise
______5. is to transmit the power and torque from the
engine to the wheels in different gear ratios according to
the car’s road speed. e. chassis

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION OF VEHICLE SYSTEM
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know the basic
principles of operation of vehicle system.

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No need to read through manuals as thick as a brick to understand the components that
make up your car. From 1930s black-and-white clips outlining the basics of your
suspension to modern graphics explaining complicated transmissions, these videos will
teach you more than you ever knew about how cars are made.
1. Leaf-spring suspension
The leaf spring is the oldest and simplest suspension. Several long, thin steel leaves are
bound together in a pack by clamps. One end of the pack is connected to the vehicle's
frame vis a bushing. The other end uses a shackle that can move for and aft. Combined
with the flexing of the leaf pack itself, that provides the suspension movement and
cushions the ride.

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Most modern pickup trucks still use this setup for their rear suspension because of its
simplicity and durability. The Chevrolet video from the 1930s shows how the suspension
works and outlines its drawbacks for passenger car use.
2. The manual transmission
The old-school manual might be an endangered species, but you should learn to drive you
—and learn how it works. Manual transmissions provide a direct connection to the
machine—one that makes the whole experience of driving a more rewarding activity.
The job of the manual transmission is to transmit the engine's torque from the input shaft,
through various gear sets to the output and on to the axle and driven wheels. Those gear
sets in the transmission combine with the gears in the axle to multiply the torque of the
engine and get the car moving. This basic animation shows how the gears are selected,
and what these gears actually do when you move the shifter.
3. Vacuum shifting
Back in the 1930s, a vacuum chamber added a new level of ease for shifting when the
manual gearshift lever was moved to the column to free up floor space. Make sure to
watch until the very end, when, just as the announcer proclaims "greater safety for all!" we
see a mom place her child right on the front bench seat next to her with no visible seatbelt.
Yikes.
4. The engine
This incredible animation by Toyota outlines the process by which an engine produces
power. It covers the typical cylinder configurations as well as basic terms like compression
ratio, displacement, and the differences between single and double overhead cam
engines. The video also explains some of today's newer engine technologies, like variable
valve timing. It's worth watching more than once.

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5. Clutch
A clutch let the driver smoothly couple and de-couple the engine from gearbox so that
power can flow from one to the other without stalling the engine or damaging to other
components. Every time you push the clutch pedal, the pressure plate releases pressure
from the clutch disc, separating it from the engine's flywheel. Releasing the clutch pedal
(after a new gear is selected, for example) creates friction between the disc and flywheel,
which connects the transmission to the engine again, sending power to the wheels.
6. Frame rigidity
Back in the mid-1930s, Chevrolet developed what must have been some expensive and
time-consuming films to explain in detail how automotive systems worked. The narrative in
this one likens the squeaks and rattles in an outdated car frame to those in old houses.
Cars at this time used body-on-frame construction like pickups still do today, though many
of our modern trucks skip the engineering fixes outlined here because they use ultra-high-
strength steel alloys that make them far more robust and much lighter than these earlier
designs.
7. Starter motor
Can you imagine having to crank-start the car every time you need to run an errand? In
the early days of driving, people would have to start vehicles with a hand crank, an
unpredictable science that sometimes resulted in a broken arm if the crank kicked back.
Not fun. Although electric starters began to appear on cars in the 1910s, cars like the VW
Beetle still included a crank up until the 1950s. This 1957 US Army film explains the
wonder of electric starter motors. Interestingly, these old military trucks still used a starter
switch. Modern cars and trucks have them integrated with the ignition.
8. Automatic transmission
Perhaps more than any other automotive component, the automatic transmission became
so ubiquitous so quickly that most people don't even notice it's there. Really, that's the
automatic's job: to shift gears without drawing attention to it. But there's plenty going on
behind the scenes, and this video demonstrates.

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The automatic was invented back in 1921; today's most advanced version have up to 9
speeds and manual shift control.
9. CVT
Continuously Variable Transmissions (CVT) has gained popularity as carmakers hunt for
fuel economy gains anywhere they can find them. Unlike a conventional manual or
automatic transmission, a CVT has no fixed gears inside the transmission case. Instead,
CVTs use two adjustable pulleys with a chain in between to change ratios.
Picture a bicycle chain moving up and down the sprocket gears in the back and from one
of the large chain rings to a smaller one up front. As the diameter of these discs change,
so does the ratio. That's the principle behind the CVT. This short animation is Subaru-
specific but does a great job explaining the tech in simple terms.
10. Oil
After almost two minutes of showing us skiers and ice skaters, the announcer finally gets
around to explaining that skates and skis glide upon a thin layer of water on top of the ice.
It's a lubricant, and the video goes on to explain how lubricants work in our everyday life.
The most interesting part comes halfway through, when they begin to explain why oil is
needed as a lubricant between metal parts. A cut-away of an engine shows exactly how
the oil is routed from the oil pump in the pan up through the various bearings, valves, rods,
and pistons.
11.Torque converter
Like the clutch, the torque converter acts as a smooth connection between a manual
transmission and the engine. The torque convertor is a fluid coupling that's far more
complex than the clutch but can be perfectly tailored to suit the power and torque
characteristics of a particular powertrain. The converter can multiply torque, acting as an
extra gearbox of sorts for a short time as a car leaves the line. Here's how this slick
coupling works in concert with an automatic transmission.

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12.Turbocharger
The turbo is back. What seemed like futuristic performance tech back in the 1980s is now
completely mainstream, thanks to automakers chasing better mpg. The industry has now
turbocharged the engines in practically every segment, from economy cars to full-size
pickup trucks.
Why? Because turbo allow small engines to act like larger ones when needed. Turbo take
normally wasted exhaust gases and uses them to run a compressor, which pressurizes
and feeds more air to the engine. Let's let this video explain.
13. Aerodynamics
Car designers were experimenting with aerodynamics a century ago. At that time it was
called "streamlining," and by the 1930s American cars were beginning to look Art Deco
and perform much better as they cut through the wind. Sadly, though the most advanced
car of that time, the Chrysler Airflow, was largely a flop.
What this film shows more than anything is how far we've come. No, the world of tomorrow
didn't actually deliver elevated highways that can support 120 mph travel. But we do have
big, roomy vehicles that cut through the air better than the slipperiest sports cars did not
that long ago.
14.Supercharger
Like a turbo, the supercharger forces more air into the engine to boost horsepower. But it
does so in a totally different way. Where turbochargers use exhaust gas to turn the
compressor and pressurize air, superchargers are driven off the engine's crankshaft by a
belt. In the old days, turbo engines suffered from lag—it took some time for the exhaust
gas to create boost. Superchargers never had this problem because the boost is tied
directly to engine speed. Most turbo today don't have much lag, so the playing field has
been leveled between the two technologies.
This animation is clearly shows how a screw compressor supercharger works. This is the
same style of supercharger used on today's 650-hp Corvette ZO6.

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15.Water-cooled engine
Air-cooled engines, like those in old VW Beetles or pre-1999 Porsche 911s, were rare
even back in the 1930s and 1940s. Like today, most cars were water-cooled. This 1936
film begins with a dramatic introduction to the value of a water boy to hard workers in the
field. It's perhaps the most cinematic 3 minutes in any car tech film I've ever seen. But as
the story progresses, there's a very straightforward animation of how exactly water
circulates from the radiator through an engine and back to the radiator. Despite similarities
to the systems we use today, cars from that time routinely overheated a problem modern
cars rarely suffer from.
16.Differential
Differentials help compensate for the differences in wheel speed between the inside and
outside wheels in a corner. Those outside wheels need to spin more quickly, so without a
differential, the tires would scrub, chirp, and wear prematurely—and the drivetrain could
sustain damage.
This video from Toyota illustrates exactly how power flows in a rear-wheel drive truck, from
the driveshaft to the rear differential and out to the wheels. It also explains what differential
gear ratios are and the types of differentials are available.
17.Clutch-type limited-slip differential
Most cars and trucks have an "open" style of differential driving the wheels. They operate
smoothly, but have a major drawback: When the road is slick (or the dirt trail is muddy), an
open diff will send power to the wheel with the least traction. That usually leaves the
vehicle motionless with one tire spinning uselessly. A limited-slip differential sends some
of that torque to the wheel that has traction.
18.Torsen torque-sensing differential
Many original Hummer H1s came fitted from the factory with a version of the Torsen in
both the front and rear differentials. And for many years, a Torsen was the center

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differential in Audi's all-wheel drive, meaning Audi's famous Quattro system had this
differential to thank for its reputation for great traction.
A Torsen differential uses gears instead of clutch packs to divert torque across an axle.
The upside is that when it "senses" a torque difference, it works nearly instantaneously,
sending torque where it can be most beneficial. The downside? It needs to sense some
sort of resistance or friction. So when a tire is off the ground, the Torsen cannot send
power across the axle.
19.Springs, shocks, steering and ventilation systems
This vintage clip (though it may reek of 1950s sexism) does do an excellent job of showing
how some complex automotive systems worked on the new 1950s Chevy models, using
easy-to-understand models and animations. Chevy customers at that time were apparently
more concerned with ride quality than anything else. Today's cars, for the most part, all
ride smoothly. If a film like that were made today, it would likely focus on efficiency,
connectivity, and safety technologies.
20.Suspension alignment
It's not uncommon that when a car hits that giant pothole just right, it could begin pulling
slightly to the left or right. So automakers build in a level of adjustability into the steering
and suspension. This video shows just what these alignment points are, what components
they affect, and how they control vehicle behavior.
21.Four-wheel drive
Although this is a Jeep-branded animation, the basics are the same for every old-school
four-wheel drive system. Engine power goes to the transmission and then on to a transfer
case. When 4WD is selected, the transfer case splits that power equally between the front
and rear axles. Shift into Low Range and the vehicle's torque is filtered through another
set of gears. In this case, it's a very aggressive 4:1 ratio. This ultra-low gearing allows the
Jeep Wrangler Rubicon to crawl slowly and easily over rough terrain.
22. ABS brakes

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Anti-lock brake systems (ABS) are one of the greatest advancements in automotive safety.
Before ABS, a driver in a panic often slammed on the brakes and locked them up, causing
a skid. That's why driving schools would teach students to pump the brake pedal rapidly.
ABS uses an on board computer, hydraulic pump and valves and sensors to keep the
brakes from locking up. So when the driver panic-brakes and pushes the pedal to the floor,
ABS essentially pumps the brakes for you, and far quicker than you could ever do on your
own. Here's how it works.
23.Stability control
Engineers tap into the hardware of ABS to create traction and stability controls. Stability
control systems use a computer and sensors to apply the brakes at individual wheels if
slipping is detected. As a car begins to slide, say on an icy road, stability control can use
the braking system to correct that slide and keep the car on its intended path. Stability
control cannot overcome the laws of physics, but the technology has led to a serious
reduction in accidents. Here's a cool animation from automotive supplier Bosch.
24.Hydraulic steering
There was a time when power steering wasn't the norm on cars. Early cars and trucks had
skinny wheels and tires that were easier to turn, and the vehicles were relatively light, too.
But that soon changed. The first hydraulic steering system on a production passenger car
came in the 1950s, when cars began to really gain weight and tire size. In the mid 50s, the
technology came to big, heavyweight military trucks. This explanation may be a bit dry, but
it'll show you how hydraulic power steering works in great detail.
SELF-CHECK 1.2-2
Explain the following
1. Why cooling system need to the engine?

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2. What is the principle of clutch?
3. What is the operation and principle of differential?
4. Why lubricating system need to the engine?
5. What is suspension system?

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ROUTINE SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE OF LIGHT VEHICLE
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know the
routine service and maintenance of light vehicle.
Routinely Check-up of a Vehicle.

Five-point preventive maintenance program to keep your car running smoothly:
Oil Change — unless your driving is mostly highway miles, today's engines will run better and
last longer with clean oil every 3,000 miles or three months, including a filter change. A $30 oil
change can save you from costly engine repairs later.
Brakes — An unusual noise or a gentle tug on the steering wheel when stopping are common
warning signs that it's time to check the brakes. A good rule of thumb is to check the brakes at
the 6,000- to 7,500-mile mark when tires should be rotated.
Coolant System — thoroughly flush coolant systems and replace with the appropriate
antifreeze at least every two years to minimize metal deterioration and to keep the system
flowing. And be sure to use the correct water to coolant mix. Check the coolant reservoir
monthly (and the windshield washer reservoir, too) and top off as needed.
Battery — as part of your car's regular maintenance, asks your technician to make sure the
battery cover is in place and the battery is firmly anchored. Most important, clean the battery of
corrosion, especially the electrical posts.
Check-Engine Light — an illuminated check-engine light on your dashboard is your car's

early warning system that something is wrong. It could be as simple as a loose gas cap or
spark plug wire, or a serious forewarning of a mechanical failure. Take your car to an ASE-
certified technician as soon as possible to diagnose and fix the problem.

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-3
Enumeration
1. Give five-point preventive maintenance program to keep your car running smoothly.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

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MINOR ROUTINE REPAIR AND SERVICING
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know the minor
routine repair and servicing in light vehicle.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)
1. Gloves
2. Gas mask
3. Apron
4. Eye goggles
5. Safety shoes
ROUTINE CHECK CHECKLIST GUIDE

Battery - check solution or connection
Tire - check pressure, thread, ply, spare tire
Water - check water level in radiator
Light - check all light if functioning
Horn - check if functioning, adjust sound
Mirror - should be clean, in good condition

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Propeller - check cross joint, bolts and nuts
Bolts and Nuts tightness
Brake Fluid - check brake fluid level and condition
Oil - checks oil level/condition and leak under the hood
Fan belt – check the tension and condition
Wheel bearing – check the play, rotation and condition
MINOR ROUTINE REPAIR

1. Blown bulbs in vehicle lights
2. Broken fan belt
3. Blown fuse
4. Broken side mirrors
5. Rear tail-light lens
6. Tires
7. Broken coolant hose
8. Worn out wheel caps
9. Brake shoe/pad
MINOR ROUTINE SERVICING

1. Topping up of water/coolant levels and brake fluid
- Check water/coolant to the radiator before start the engine or the engine
is cold. Don’t remove the radiator when the engine is overheating.
- Check brake fluid level to the fluid reservoir tank.
2. Change/Topping of engine oils – check oil level/condition in the dipstick,
change engine oil
3. Air pressure set of tires

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4. Additional of gear oil – check oil level/condition to the filler hole
5. Repacking/greasing of bearing ball joints, tie rod end
6. Tire rotation
7. Cleaning of battery terminals – clean the terminal with water

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-4
Enumeration
Give 10 routine check checklist guides.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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DIAGNOSIS OF VEHICLE FAULTS AND IRREGULARITIES AND MAJOR REPAIR AND
SERVICE REQUIREMENTS
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to diagnosis of
vehicle faults and irregularities.
5 WAYS TO DIAGNOSE YOUR VEHICLE: WHAT TO CHECK AND HOW TO CHECK IT
Being able to diagnose a problem with your car is a

helpful skill that can give you leverage when you take your car to the mechanic’s shop.
Knowing exactly what’s wrong will help with figuring out what needs to be done to fix the
problem and estimate the price for repairing it.
Here are five problems you can diagnose in your car:
1. Look for leaks
Leaky fluid could just be water coming from your air conditioning unit, but depending on the
color of the fluid, it could mean a variety of problems. Clear, slippery fluid means your brake
fluids are leaking. Green, brown, or yellow liquid probably means your coolant is leaking. If

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your car is leaking a dark red fluid, it’s probably coming from your transmission or it’s power
steering fluid. Black or amber liquid is mostly likely engine or gear oil.
2. Listen for screeches
Screeches are hard to miss, but it’s important to decipher when they occur to properly
diagnose the problem. Screeching when you slow down means you have worn brake pads.
Screeching when you accelerate is a sign that you might need a new fan belt. If you notice
screeching when you’re making turns, you need an adjustment to your power steering belt.
3. Pay attention to how your brakes feel
Your brakes are some of the most important parts of your car, and any time you notice
something wrong with them, you should immediately check them out. If your brake pedal feels
springy instead of solid when you push it down, it’s likely that air got into your brake lines and
they need to be bled. If your brakes vibrate or pulsate when you apply them and you don’t
have an ABS, they your brake discs could be damaged.
4. Don’t ignore your battery
Battery problems can be dangerous for your car and your health. If your battery has white
powder on the outside, your alternator is overcharging your battery, and your car needs to be
taken to a mechanic. The same urgency needs to be taken into account if you notice that the
bulbs in your car keep blowing out. This means your alternator voltage is set too high, and your
battery could be giving off dangerous hydrogen gas.

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5. Check for Smoke
Smoke can mean several different things depending on where it’s coming from and what it
looks like. Black smoke from your tailpipe means your fuel calibration is off, blue smoke means
your car is burning too much oil, and white smoke means your coolant is leaking. Smoke
coming out from under your hood most likely means one of your radiator hoses is cracked, but
make sure you let your car cool down before you pop the hood and check.
Knowing what problems to look for when driving your car will help you diagnose issues and get
your car fixed before it’s too late.
COMMON CAR PROBLEMS:
1. Engine & Drive ability Problems:
Check Engine Light On
Troubleshoot Check Engine Light
Engine Oil Warning Light On
Engine Temperature Warning Light On
Engine Overheating
Coolant Leak
2. Car Won't Start (Possible Causes & Quick Checks)
Engine Won't Crank or Start
Engine Won't Start, No Fuel (Bad Fuel Pump?)
Engine Won't Start, No Spark

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Engine Idles Rough or Misfires
Engine Idle Surge
Engine Vacuum Leak
Engine Stalls
Engine Hesitates or Stumbles When Accelerating
Engine Pings or Knocks When Accelerating or Lugging
Poor Fuel Economy
Engine Noise
Smoke In Exhaust
SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE
In most cases mechanical or electrical failures can be directly related to the lack
of maintenance on your vehicle. Manufactures Recommended Maintenance
schedules vary significantly. Wilhelm Automotive Service Centers have the most
current applications to make sure the factory maintenance records are completed
to suffice even the strictest of warranties. With knowledgeable ASE Certified
Master technicians and state of the art equipment, Wilhelm Automotive has the
expertise to give you peace of mind during services.
Below is a list of vital preventative maintenance items to keep your vehicle

running smooth:
 Oil, Lube, and Filter

 Transmission Service
 Fuel Injection

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 Induction/Decarburization Service
 Ignition System
 Power Steering Flush
 Brake Fluid Flush
 Air Induction Service
 Coolant Flush
 Differential Service
The above services should be performed regularly to maintain proper function and
help avoid costly repairs.

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-5
Enumeration
1. Give the 5 ways to diagnose your vehicle.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

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HOUSEKEEPING
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know the 5s in
housekeeping.

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Elements of housekeeping and cleanliness at workplace
The major elements which are normally included in the housekeeping and cleanliness
practices at the workplace are described below.
 Dust and dirt removal – Working in a dusty and dirty area is unhygienic as well
unhealthy for the employees since there can be respiratory type irritations. Also, if dust and
dirt are allowed to accumulate on surfaces, there is a potential for a slip hazard. Hence,
regular sweeping the workplace for the removal of dust and dirt is an essential
housekeeping and cleanliness practice. Further, compressed air is not to be used for
removing dust or dirt off employees or equipment. Compressed air can cause dirt and dust
particles to be embedded under the skin or in the eye.
 Employee facilities – Adequate employees’ facilities such as drinking water, wash
rooms, toilet blocks, and rest rooms etc. are to be provided for the employees at the
workplace so that employees can use them when there is a need. Cleanliness at the place
of these facilities is an important aspect of the facilities.

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 Flooring – Floors are to be cleaned regularly and immediately if liquids or other
materials are spilled. Poor floor conditions are a leading cause of accidents in the
workplace. Areas such as entranceways which cannot be cleaned continuously are to have
mats or some type of anti-slip flooring. It is also important to replace worn, ripped or
damaged flooring that poses a trip hazard.
 Lighting – Adequate lighting reduces the potential for accidents. It is to be ensured that
inoperative light fixtures are repaired and dirty light fixtures are cleaned regularly so that the
light intensity levels are maintained at the workplace.
 Aisles and stairways – Aisles and stairways are to be kept clear and not to be used for
storage. Warning signs and mirrors can improve sight lines in blind corners and help
prevent accidents. It is also important to maintain adequate lighting in stairways. Further
stairways need to have railings preferably round railings for adequate grip.
 Spill control – The best method to control spills is to prevent them from happening.
Regular cleaning and maintenance on machines and equipment is an essential practice.
Also, the use of drip pans where spills might occur is a good preventative measure. When
spills do occur, it is important to clean them up immediately. When cleaning a spill, it is
required to use the proper cleaning agents or absorbent materials. It is also to be ensured
that the waste products are disposed of properly.
 Waste disposal – The regular collection of the waste materials contribute to good
housekeeping and cleanliness practices. It also makes it possible to separate materials that
can be recycled from those going to waste disposal facilities. Allowing material to build up
on the floor wastes time and energy since additional time is required for cleaning it up.
Placing containers for wastes near the place where the waste is produced encourages
orderly waste disposal and makes collection easier. All recyclable wastes after their
collection are to be transferred to their designated places so that the waste materials can be
dispatched to the point of use or sold.
 Tools and equipment – Tools and equipment are required to be inspected prior to their
use. Damaged or worn tools are to be taken out of service immediately. Tools are to be
cleaned and returned to their storage place after use.
 Maintenance – One of the most important elements of good housekeeping and
cleanliness practices is the maintenance of the equipment and the buildings housing them.
This means keeping buildings, equipment and machinery in safe and efficient working
condition. When a workplace looks neglected then there are broken windows, defective
plumbing, broken floor surfaces and dirty walls etc. These conditions can cause accidents
and affect work practices. It is important to have a replacement program for replacing or
fixing broken and damaged items as quickly as possible.

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 Storage – Proper storage of materials is essential in a good housekeeping and
cleanliness practice. All storage areas need to be clearly marked. Flammable, combustible,
toxic and other hazardous materials are to be stored in approved containers in designated
areas which are appropriate for the different hazards that they pose. The stored materials
are not to obstruct aisles, stairs, exits, fire equipment, emergency eyewash fountains,
emergency showers, or first aid stations. Also it is important that all containers be labeled
properly. If materials are being stored correctly, then the incidents of strain injuries,
chemical exposures and fires get reduced drastically.
 Clutter control – Cluttered workplaces typically happen because of poor housekeeping
practices. This type of workplace can lead to a number of issues which include ergonomic
as well as injuries. It is important to develop practices where items like tools, chemicals,
cords, and containers are returned to their appropriate storage location when not in use.
Clutter is not only unattractive but, in a work area, it is also a serious threat to safety.
Danger to the employees increases if the established exit routes and doors are blocked. For
this reason, as well as to prevent slips and trips, assorted waste materials need to be
disposed of promptly in the appropriate waste containers. Aisles are to be kept clear of
obstructions for obvious reasons.
 Individual workspace – Individual workspace need to be kept neat, cleared of everything
not needed for work. Many workplace injuries occur right in the employee’s workspace. This
space is often overlooked when conducting general housekeeping and cleanliness
inspections. It is necessary to make a checklist which is to be used by the employees to
evaluate their workspace.

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-6
Enumeration
1. Enumerate the 5s in housekeeping and their meaning.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

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WRITING AND DOCUMENTING SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE REPORTS
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know the
important of writing and documenting service and maintenance report.
List of Laboratory Facilities, Tools Equipment, Supplies and Materials Classified

by Complied with prescribed standards and requirement
No. of Items Item Specification Remarks
1 set Standard Socket Wrench (American) complete
1 set Deep Socket Wrench (American)
1 set Combination Wrench (Creston 6-24mm) incomplete
1 set Combination Wrench (Venus 8-24mm)
2 set Double Wrench (Kata 5.5-24mm)
1 set Screw Driver (Creston 6 pcs)
1 pc Flat Screw Driver 12”
2 pcs Multi-Tester (Creston)
2 pcs Combination Plier
1 pc Long Nose Plier
1 pc Vise Grip
1 pc Monkey Wrench unserviceable
1 pc Adjustable Wrench 18”

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1 pc Air Duster Gun
1 pc Oil/Fuel Filter Wrench
2 pcs Cir clip Plier
2 pcs Ballpeen Hammer (big & small)
1pc Rubber Mallet
1 set Battery Jumper Cable
2 pcs Feeler Gauge
1 pc Hydraulic Floor Jack
1 pc Tire Wrench

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SELF-CHECK 1.2-7
ENUMERATION
1. Give at least 3 important of documenting Tools Equipment, Supplies and Materials
a.
b.
c.

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INFORMATION 1.2-8
CARE AND USE TOOLS FOR ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND SERVICING
OBJECTIVE: After reading the information sheet the trainee should be able to know how to
caring and using of tools.
How To Take Care of our Tools
Good tools can be quite an investment, but if you take good care of them, they'll return the
favor. Keeping your tools properly stored, cleaned, and maintained will save you time and
money and make your DIY endeavors that much more rewarding.
We're mostly talking about hand tools, power tools, and garden tools in this article, but much
of the same advice applies whether your tools of choice are kitchen knives, crafting tools, or
whatever else. Store them well, keep them clean and well-maintained, and you won't be sorry.
Store our Tools Properly
You have to work with the space you have. Maybe you hang them on pegboards, maybe
you store them in boxes, bags, or chests, or maybe you keep them in drawers or on shelves in
your shop. Whatever works for you is best.
Pegboards make a great storage system for tools. They let you see all your tools at a glance and
they can make use of wall space in a pretty efficient way. If you don't have enough wall space,
though, you can still take advantage of pegboards by building a hinged system, a rolling
pegboard, or even a portable pegboard storage system.
Toolboxes also make for great tool storage, offering the primary advantage of portability. While
some people opt to store all their tools in toolboxes, for most, the toolbox is a way of carrying
around your most-used tools while leaving the bulk safely stored on pegboards, shelves, or

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drawers. No matter what you're doing, though, you can build a well-equipped toolbox for every
level of DIY needs.
Rust is public enemy number one when it comes to tools. To avoid rust when storing your
tools:
 Keep your tools in a dry place. It seems obvious, but garages and basements and
other enclosed spaces can have humidity issues, especially if they are not heated or air-
conditioned. If you keep your tools in a location like this, especially if you keep them out
on shelves or pegboards; consider investing in a dehumidifier to keep the dampness
down. They're not terribly expensive, especially compared to your investment in your
tools, and most let you set a humidity level so the dehumidifier turns on only when it
needs to.
 Hang your garden tools. Even if you keep your garden tools inside the garage or your
shed, hang them so that they don't rest on the floor. Moisture can easily creep up from
concrete floors.
 Store power tools in their original cases. Unless you have a climate-controlled
workshop, your best bet for storing power tools in the hard plastic cases they usually
come with. Not only are they better-protected from humidity, they're just better-
protected in general.
 Use silica gel packs or rust collector. The silica gel packs that come in lots of
packaging are great at keeping moisture at bay. Toss them in drawers or toolboxes and
they can help keep rust away. You can also buy rust inhibitors for the same purpose and
even anti-rust liners for drawers and shelves.

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Clean You’re Tools after Every Use
Cleaning your tools may be the last thing you want to do after a day of work, but it's
essential for keeping your tools in good shape. And it really only takes a few seconds per tool
unless you've got something really nasty on your hands. It's well-worth the time spent doing a
little cleaning to save the time spent repairing a tool (or the money spent replacing it) later.
Cleaning your tools doesn't have to be difficult at all if you're prepared:
 Hand tools: You can clean most hand tools by simply wiping them down with a rag. If
they're dirty, don't be afraid to give them a good wash with soap and water. Just dry
them well afterward. Spritz metal with a light coat of WD-40 and wipe with a clean rag
(you really just want to leave a light film on them to help keep the rust away). Wipe
wooden handles with a rag dampened with a little linseed oil.
 Power tools: Power tools are a little trickier to clean. First, make sure the tool is
unplugged before you clean it. Next, you'll want to get all the dust off. An air compressor
can be really useful for that. Wipe down the surface of the tool and then lubricate any
moving parts. Machine oil is a fine choice for this, but you should also check the manual
that came with the tool to see if they have better recommendations.
While you're at it, don't forget that your toolboxes, belts, and bags will need some care as well.
Clean out your toolboxes every once in a while by emptying them and wiping them down. If
you've got leather belts and bags, you'll want to condition the leather once in a while. I keep a
tub of Obenauf's Heavy Duty LP around and it's always worked great. For bags and belts not
made of leather, a quick wash should do the trick.

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Inspect (and Repair) You’re Tools Every Time You Use Them
We're going to assume you use your tools safely. You wear goggles and gloves when you
should and you follow the safety protocols recommended for your power tools. But taking the
time to inspect your tools every time you use them is one of the most important things you can
do to ensure not only your safety while using them, but the longevity of your tools as well.
Take the time to look for the following:
 Loose, cracked, or splintered handles. If a wooden handle is damaged, it is prone

to breaking during use, which can cause injury to you or others. If a handle is not
spintered too badly, you can probably sand it down just fine. Sand against the grain first
if the handle is really rough and then sand with the grain until it's smooth enough you
can run your hand along it without feeling any chips or splinters. Finish off with a
coating of linseed oil. However, if the handle is cracked or heavily splintered, you'll need
to replace it.
 Mushroomed heads on tools like chisels and wedges. A mushroomed head is

exactly what it sounds like. An striking edge that should be sharp has gotten malformed
through use. If you use a tool in this condition, the head can shatter on impact.
Fortunately, you can solve this problem by keeping your tools sharpened. Sharpen them
whenever you notice a problem, but also plan to sharpen them every six months or so
just as a habit.

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 Corrosion and rust. Depending on the level of corrosion or rust, the tool may be
unsafe to use. Try removing the rust yourself or just replacing the tool. Removing rust
from tools is actually pretty easy if the damage isn't too great.
 Cracked housing on power tools. If a power tool has anything more than a simple
hairline crack on the housing, don't use it. Unless you have the expertise to repair it,
you'll need to get it repaired by a professional.
 Power tools that don't start easily. If your tool needs a couple of tries to get going
or a little "push" to get the blade spinning, don't use it. Take the time to clean and
lubricate it and if that doesn't solve the problem, get it repaired. There are some fixes
you can take on yourself, such as replacing a belt on a sander or maybe fitting in a new
switch or power cord. But if you're not 100% sure you're up to the repair, take it to a pro.
 Frayed insulation or exposed wires. Obviously, these are electrical hazards. While
some electrical tape might take care of a small problem temporarily, it's best to have the
tool repaired before using it.
Taking care of your tools does require a bit of a commitment, but you ask so much of them it
seems a small price to pay.

DRIVING NC II
Developed by:
SELF –CHECK 1.2-8
Explain the following
1. How to take care of our tools?
2. How to store our tools properly?

DRIVING NC II
Developed by:
REFERENCES
A. Non-Electronic references
1. Automotive Technology; Tech Manual; 4th Edition; ERJAVEC
2. Automotive Technology; 4th Edition; ERJAVEC
3. Toyota Training Manual
4. Auto Mechanics, Theory and Service

By: de Kryger, Kobacik.Bono
5. Automotive Mechanics; 10th ed.

Crouse: Anglin
B. Electronic References
1. THE DRIVING COMPANION. Government of South Australia. Department
of Transport, Energy and Infrastructure

DRIVING NC II
Developed by:
DRIVING NC II
Developed by:

Carry Out Minor Vehicle Rpasirhovia

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

b. Training permits from the registrar

c. Student driving license permit (LTO)

2. Instruct you the correct application of the Philippines road rules

4. Comply with the licensing and National Certificate requirements

• The ability to guide you in your practice.

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

NO UNIT OF COMPETENCIES MODULE TITLE CODE

Carrying out minor vehicle

Driving light vehicle

Implement and coordinate accident Implementing and coordinating

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

MODULE TITLE : Carrying out Minor Vehicle Maintenance and Servicing

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of this module, the trainee would be able to:

L.O. 1 Clean vehicle unit

L.O.2 Maintain and service the vehicle system

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

Learning Activities Special Instructions

Read Information 1.1-2

If you got 100% correct answer in this self-

Read Information 1.1-3 If you have some problem on the content of

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

Read Information 1.1-4

READ INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

Parts and function of light vehicle

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The Drive Line

The Electrical System

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Brakes and Wheels

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ABS warning light

Brake system alert Tire pressure monitor Front airbag

Fog beams indicator

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SELF CHECK 1.1-1

a. Low fuel notification

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c. Seat belt reminder

d. High beam light

g. Temperature warning light

h. Brake system alert

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

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5. Air freshener – to grow or become fresh, to increase in strength.

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

7. Water – is used for drinking, washing, etc.

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2. Steam cleaner – a device or machine used for cleaning things.

3. Mop and basket – a bundle of cloth or yarn or a sponge attached to a long/short

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

8. Pressure Washer – the weight or force that is produced when something

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.

2. A device or machine used for cleaning things.

4. An electrical machine that cleans floor, rugs, dirt and dust.

5. To make smooth and shiny by rubbing it.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3

RPASI Date Developed: Document No.