Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion I, Bauan, Batangas

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

in STVE- TECHNICAL DRAFTING GRADE 10
Quarter 4, Week 5
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details

INFORMATION SHEET
Air Conditioning Equipment and Controls

Comfort requires more than just providing warmth in rainy season or coolness in summer. True
comfort means a correct temperature, correct humidity or amount of moisture in the air, and clean,
fresh, odorless air.

HVAC Conventions

Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment is drawn on floor plans using symbols. They show
the location and tube of equipment, movement of hot and cool air and water. The location of
horizontal ducts is shown by outlining the position of the duct. The flow of air through the ducts is
indicated by an arrow. Air flow coming from the heating-cooling unit is shown by an arrow pointing
out from the diffusers. Return air is indicated by an arrow pointing into the duct.

Climate Control Methods and Heat Transfer

Heat is transferred from a warm to a cool surface by:

1. Radiation is the heat that flows to a cooler surface through space in the same manner light
travels.

2. Convection is a warm surface that heats the air, the warm air rises and cool air moves in to
take its place causing a convection current

3. Conduction is the heat that moves through a solid material, the denser the material the
better it will conduct heat.

Heat loss or gain is the amount of heat that passes through the exterior surface of a building. Thermal
conductivity is the amount of heat that flows from one face of a material, through the material, and to

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the opposite face. It is defined also as the amount of heat transfer through a 1-Sq. Foot area, 1 inch
thick with a temperature difference of 1 degree Fahrenheit.

The unit of measurement for heat is Btu (British Thermal Unit) which is the unit of heat needed to
raise the temperature on 1 pound of water 1 degree Fahrenheit.

Resistivity is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat while insulation is the material used
to stop the transfer of heat, block moisture, stop sound, resist fire and resist insects.

Some kinds of insulating materials are:

1. Flexible Batt
2. Flexible Blanket
3. Loose Fill Reflective Material
4. Rigid Board
5. Additives
6. Spray on
7. Corrugated Paper
8. Surface Air Film

Conventional Heating Systems

The two most efficient types of heating systems are:

1. Perimeter heating refers to the heat outlets that are located on the outside walls or ceiling of the
rooms.

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2. Radian heating functions by heating an area of the wall, ceiling or floor.

WEEK 5
OPERATION SHEET

Direction: In an A4 size bond paper draw the given Air conditioning layout below. Measurements are
not to scale or (NTS).

SELF CHECK WEEK 5

Multiple Choice.
Directions: Choose the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the heating of an area of the wall, ceiling or floor.

a. radiant heating b. perimeter heating c. solar heating

2. It is the heating through outlets located on the outside walls of the rooms.

a. radiant heating b. perimeter heating c. solar heating

3. It is the unit of measurement for heat.

a. BTU b. watts c. kilowatts

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4. It is the material used to stop the transfer of heat, block moisture, stop sound, resist fire and resist
insects.

a. Conductors b. Conduits c. Insulations

5. It is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat.

a. Friction b. Resistivity c. Insulation

6. The heat that flows to a cooler surface through space in the same manner light travels

a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation

7. The heat that moves through a solid material, the denser the material, the better it will conduct
heat.

a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation

8. Warm surface heats the air on it, as the warmed air rises the cool air moves in to take its place.

a. Conduction b. Convection c. Radiation

9. The amount of heat that passes through the exterior surface of a building.

a. Heat loss or heat gain b. Btu c. Watts

10. The amount of heat that flows from one face of a material, through the material, and to the
opposite face

a. Friction b. Resistivity c. Thermal conductivity

Prepared by:

IMEL A. TALAG

Drafting Teacher

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
BAUAN TECHNICAL INTEGRATED HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion I, Bauan, Batangas

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

in STVE- TECHNICAL DRAFTING GRADE 10
Quarter 4, Week 6
Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details

INFORMATION SHEET
Escalators, Conveyors, and Elevators

An escalator is a moving stairway; thus it is sometimes called a moving stairway or an electric

stairway. There are two classes of escalators available – the 32 inches and 48 inches. Normal speed is
90 Ft/Min. (FPM) the 120 FPM speed is used for express escalators. Angle of inclination is normally
30˚.

Components of an Escalator Installation

The major components of an escalator installation are:
a. The Truss is a welded steel frame which supports the moving stairway equipment.
b. The Track refers to steel angles attached to the truss on which the
step rollers are guided, thus controlling the motion of the steps.
c. The Controller consists of contactors, relay and a circuit breaker.
d. The Sprocket Assemblies, Chains and Machine provide the motive
power for the unit.
e. The handrail is driven by two sheaves and is powdered from the top
sprocket assembly.
f. The balustrade assembly.

Moving Walks and Ramps

Moving walks and ramps are different from moving stairways. While moving stairways (Escalators)
have the primary function of moving a large number of people vertically, moving walk or ramp serves

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a dual function, that is, horizontal transportation only, or a combined function of horizontal and
vertical transportation not only of people but also of wheeled vehicles and large parcels.

By definition, a moving walk is one with an inclination not exceeding 5 degrees, where the principal
function is horizontal motion and inclined motion is incidental to the horizontal.

A moving ramp is a device with an inclination limited to 15 degrees where vertical motion is as
important, or more so, than the horizontal component.

Elevators
An elevator or lift (in British English) is a vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or
goods between floors of a building. They are generally powered by electric motors that either drive
traction cables and counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston.

Lifts began as simple rope or chain hoists. A lift is essentially a platform that is either pulled or
pushed up by a mechanical means. A modern-day lift consists of a cab (also called a "cage" or "car")
mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoist way". In the
past, lift drive mechanisms were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons. In a "traction" lift,
cars are pulled up by means of rolling steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a
sheave in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced with a counterweight. Sometimes two lifts
always move synchronously in opposite directions, and they are each other's counterweight. The
friction between the ropes and the pulley furnishes the traction which gives this type of lift its name.

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Passenger Elevators

Passenger elevators are used to carry passenger traffic in buildings where several peak periods occur
each day. Residential elevators may be small enough to only accommodate one person while some are
large enough for more than a dozen. Wheelchair, or platform lifts, a specialized type of elevator
designed to move a wheelchair 6 ft (1.8 m) or less, often can accommodate just one person in a
wheelchair at a time with a load of 1000 lb (455 kg).

The elements of an electrical elevator installation are:

1. Hoistway is the shaft or vertical passageway for the travel of the car and its counterweights.
2. Elevator Car is a cage of light metal supported on a structural frame to the top member of which
the cables are fastened. The car is fixed on its vertical travel in the shaft by means of rail shoes on the
guide rails.
3. Cables which lift the car usually 3 to 8 in number are placed in parallel, the weight of the car is
being equally distributed over the cables which are fastened to the top of the car by cables sockets.
4. Elevator Machine turns the sheave and thus lifts or lowers the car. In most modern installations,
the electric driving motor receives its energy from a separate motor- generator set .
5. Machine Room is the place where the elevators machine is housed, usually directly above the
elevator shaft or hoistway.
6. Counterweights are rectangular blocks of cast iron stacked in one frame which is supported at the
opposite ends of the cables to which the car is fastened.
7. Guide Rails are the vertical tracks that guide the car and its counter weight.
8. Control Equipment is a combination of push buttons contacts, relays, cams and devices which are
operated manually or automatically to initiate door opening, starting, acceleration, leveling and
stopping of the car.
9. Safety Devices include:

a. Main Brake is mounted directly on the shaft of the elevator machine.

b. Safety System is controlled by the speed governor mounted on or near the elevator
machine.
c. Electrical Final Limit Switches de-energize the traction motor and set the main brake if
the car over travels.
d. Oil or Spring Buffers are always placed in the elevators pit. Their purpose is not to stop a
falling car but to bring it to a partially cushioned stop if it over travels the lower terminal

Elevators Machines
Two types of elevator machines

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 a. Gearless Traction Machine
b. Geared Traction Machine.

Systems of Elevator Operation and Supervision

There are three systems of operation involved with elevators. These are;
a. Single Automatic Push Button Control. This is the simplest since it handles only one call at
a time, providing for an uninterrupted trip for each call.
b. Collective Control. It is arranged to collect all waiting “up” calls on the trip up and all
waiting “Down” calls on the trip down, the control system “store” all calls until they are
answered and automatically reverses the direction of travel at the highest and lowest calls.
c. Electronic Group Supervisory Dispatching and Control. Under this system, the entire
group or bank of cars in a given group of elevators is in automatic operation at peak periods;
and automatically shuts down successively as the number of car passengers become very low
and electronic control system performs all commands, thus no operator is needed.

Kinds of Elevators

There are different kinds of elevations as to their purpose these are:

1. Freight Elevators. They are of two types.

a. General Purpose Freight Elevator

b. Light Duty Freight Elevators
c. Sidewalk Elevators
2. Dumbwaiters – they are small freight for the transport of relatively small articles between levels.

3. Plunger Elevators. These are oil – hydraulic elevators which are raised and lowered by means of a
movable rod rigidly fixed at the bottom of the car. The system is hydraulic and operates the same as a
hydraulic jack.

SELF CHECK WEEK 6

Test I. Multiple Choice.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is sometimes called a moving stairway or an electric stairway.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor
2. It is used to carry passenger traffic in buildings.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor
3. It is the standard angle of inclination of an elevator.
a. 30˚ b. 60˚ c. 90˚
4. Normal speed of an escalator
a. 90 Ft/Min. (FPM) b. 100 Ft/Min. (FPM) c.80 Ft/Min. (FPM)
5. A vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor
Test II. Enumeration. WEEK 6

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

1-3 Systems of Elevator Operation and Supervision
4-5 Types of elevator machines

Prepared by:

IMEL A. TALAG

Drafting Teacher