1- Most people experience infantile amnesia, the inability to remember events before the age of 3

or 4
a- True
b- False

2- When children develop-------, they come to understand that people have thoughts, feelings, and
beliefs that are different from their own.
a- Secure attachment
b- Cognitive awareness
c- Theory of mind
d- Insecure attachment

3- Kohlberg considered advanced moral reasoning to include a consideration of the greater good
for all people, with less thought given to personal wishes or fear of punishment. This is reached
at the:
a- Preconventional stage of moral development b-
Operational stage of moral development
c- Postconventional stage of moral development d-
None of the answers are true

4- A 1-week-old infant normally can ---------

a- Display social smiles
b- Grasp a caregiver’s finger
c- See a caregiver across the room
d- Turn his or her head toward the smell of milk

5- Students were asked about the speed of cars involved in an accident when the verb was
changed from contacted to smashed ……….
a- Participants estimated the speed of the vehicle involved in the crash to be lower when the
verb was smashed
b- Participants estimated the speed of the vehicle involved in the crash to be higher
c- It had no effect on estimates
d- It had no effect on the participant’s estimate of the speed of the vehicle involved in the
crash

6- Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences holds that there are …… distinct forms of intelligence
a- Countless
b- Eight or nine
c- Three or four
d- About twenty
7- general intelligence (g) is the idea that one general factor underlies intelligence
a- true
b- false

8- a psychologist shows a child two rows of coins and then spreads out one row and asks which
row has more. Which Piagetian concept is she probably testing
a- formal operations b-
object permanence c-
conservation
d- assimilation

9- tests designed to assess what a person has learned

a- personality tests
b- aptitude tests
c- achievement tests
d- general intelligence

10- older adults generally perform ------- than young people on vocabulary tests and------ on tests
of working memory and information processing speed
a- better, worse
b- better, better c-
worse, better d-
worse, worse

11- piaget’s theories of development have been very influential but recent findings present
challenges to some of his ideas. Which of the following statements is not a challenge to piaget’s
theories?
a- Children younger than 3 can understand the concepts of “more than” and “less than” when
using M&M’s
b- All of the options
c- Babies can demonstrate object permanence in the first few months of life
d- Children can move back and forth between stages when working on tasks

12- Gender roles define culturally learned characteristics associated with males and females
a- Someone whoTrue
b- False
13- Estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. Ex: often seeing
people wearing scarfs leads you to think they are the current trend
a- Fixation
b- Availability
heuristic c-
Confirmation bias
d- Mindset

14- Select the statement that is incorrect

a- Amnesia can be caused by brain injury, disease, or trauma
b- Transience is memory decay that occurs over time
c- Suggestibility is considered to be one of the seven sins of memory
d- Absentmindedness is forgetfulness caused by issues with retrieval

15- Which of these is not true of the WAIS-IV IQ test?

a- The test is scored so that the mean score across the population is 100
b- The rest is scored so that two/thirds of the population have IQs between 85 and 115
c- It is only intended to measure the IQ of children between age 2 and adulthood
d- It contains subsections with test various verbal and non-verbal abilities

16- Symbolic representations are abstract representations with no real connection to actual objects. a-
True
b- False

17- Usually during the first month of every new year, we put the previous year down when writing
the date. This is an example of:
a- Retroactive interference
b- Proactive interference
c- Amnesia
d- Source misattribution

18- Which is not true about conceptual prototypes?

a- People will name prototypes more quickly than non-prototypes
b- They possess the majority of distinct attributes that define the category, such as wings and
beaks in birds
c- Concepts always have an associated prototype
d- They may change over time with experience
19- There is likely a genetic component to intelligence that involves many genes
a- True
b- False

20- Rash and risky in adolescents can be explained by the fact that
a- Adolescents are eager to become adults and take control of their lives b-
The frontal cortex of the brain is not fully myelinated until the mid20s c-
All of the answers are true
d- Changes experienced during adolescence are accomplished by anger and depression

21- A negative consequence of schemas and scripts is that they may reinforce stereotypes and
biases
a- True
b- False

22- In which part of the brain does damage often result in language dysfunction
a- Frontal lobe
b- Left hemisphere
c- Sensory cortex
d- Right hemisphere

23------is the strengthening of synaptic connections, making the postsynaptic neurons more easily
activated by presynaptic neurons
a- Retrieval
b- Reconsolidation
c- Consolidation
d- Long-term potentiation

24- In Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, the stage where children can think about objects
they cannot see and can initiate symbolic play is referred to as:
a- The sensorimotor stage
b- The concrete operational stage c-
The formal operational stage d-
The preoperational stage

25- According to the Chomsky’s theory, language determines thoughts

a- True
b- False
26- The smallest unit of meaning in a language is a:
a- Phoneme
b- Propositional representation
c- Morpheme
d- Concept

27- Your roommate buys meat described as 75 percent lean instead of meat described as 25 percent
fat. This is an example of the “framing” heuristic
a- True
b- False

28- Someone who understands their own emotions, shows empathy, and understands social
relationships and cues would have high --------
a- Emotional
b- Social
c- Naturalist
d- Linguistic

29- Scripts are schemas that guide behavior. Only one of these statements about scripts is wrong:
a- They provide quick and almost effortless guides to behavior in different situations
b- They provide flexible way of assessing different situations when changes arise
c- They emphasize independent analysis of every situation and so are time consuming
d- They can reinforce undesirable behaviors

30- If a caregiver demonstrates inconsistent Reponses toward their child, then the child may
develop a/an-------attachment, where the child both seek and reject caring contact
a- Secure
b- Insecure avoidant
c- Insecure ambivalent
d- Disorganized

31- Parents with high empathy are more likely to have children with high empathy
a- True
b- False
32- Which of the following statements is true about attachment?
a- If an infant cries as the caretaker leaves the room during the strange-situation test, the infant is
probably insecurely attached
b- Attachment to a caretaker occurs when the caretaker provides contact comfort and security
c- Children with secure attachments will always grow up to be better adjusted than children with
insecure attachments
d- Attachment to the caretaker is formed because the caretaker provides food

33- Due to infantile amnesia, infants cannot learn

a- True
b- False

34- Which of the statements below holds true about intelligence in older age?
a- None of the answers are true
b- Fluid intelligence remains unchanged
c- Cognitive training does not postpone memory deficits
d- People generally maintain their intelligence into very old age

35- This is true of separation anxiety

a- It is manifested in situations where children are separated from their attachment figures
b- It takes place when attachment figure moves further away and there are strangers present c-
It takes place in the case of insecurely attached children
d- It is manifested by the child moving closer to the stranger than to the attachment figure

36- Erikson conceptualized identity formation in terms of eight stages of human development.
Which statement is true of Erikson’s stages?
a- Erikson’s stages of development span from ages 0-18
b- At the end of the eight stages, you learn that the world is safe and secure place to be in
c- Identity and role confusion define a troublesome stage of development which affects males
more than females
d- In the stage of industry vs. inferiority, children learn about how others view them and learn
a sense of competence

37- Fluid intelligence tend to -------- with age while crystallized intelligence tends to----with age.
a- Increase, stay the same
b- Increase, decrease
c- Decrease, stay the same
d- Decrease, increase
38- Anchoring is tendency, in making judgments, to rely on the first piece of information
encountered that comes most quickly to mind
a- True
b- False

39- Research has shown that most forgetting occurs because of interference
b- False

40- People rarely use heuristics, or mental shortcuts, to make decisions

a- True
b- False

41- Tyler is learning to read and write but having a difficult time. He sometimes switches up the
letters and words in the sentences and almost always writes his name backwards. Which
learning disability does he probably have?
a- Dysgraphia
b- An intellectual
disability c- Dyslexia
d- Dysthymia

42- Humans are born with the ability to perceive movement as illustrated in newborns’ preferences
for moving stimuli as opposed to stationary ones
a- True
b- False

43- Madeline is seven months old. Her mother is eating a cookie and Madeline wants some. Her
mother hides the cookie under a napkin, but Madeline is not fooled. She knows the cookie is still
there. What does this exemplify
a- Reversibility
b- Stranger anxiety
c- Egocentrism
d- object permanence

44- --------- area is to language comprehension as---------area is to language production.

a- Wernicke’s, Broca’s
b- Broca’s, Wernicke’s
c- Skinner’s, Chomsky’
d- Chomsky’s, skinner’s

45- Which of the following is not true about teratogens?

a- Different organs are vulnerable to teratogens at different times b-
Smoking, alcohol, and drugs are examples of teratogens
c- Mothers stress level is considered as a teratogen to the zygote and embryo, but not to the fetus d-
Environmental pollutants and ionizing radiation can cause birth defects

46- Select the statements that is correct regarding the cognitive-affective personality system (CAPS):
(2).
a- All choices are correct
b- People’s personalities often fail to predict their behavior across different circumstances
c- This model emphasizes self-regulation capacities
d- Personality represents behavior that emerges from the interaction of perception of a
situation, emotional reaction, anticipation of outcome, and relevant skills.

47- Which of the following is classed as basic emotion?

(9) a- Guilt
b- Disgust
c- Shame
d- Jealousy

48- According to cannon-bard theory of emotion: (18)

a- Psychological arousal precedes emotional experience
c- Emotional experience and psychological arousal occur at the same time
d- We cannot experience different emotions

49- The James-Lange theory holds that we experience an emotion first after (24)
a- Cognitive appraisal of the experience
b- Psychological arousal
c- Emotional analyzes
d- Identification each factor of the event

50- There are some aspects of personality that are more biologically determined. Which of the
following is not one of these aspects: (1)
 a- Emotionality
b- Reactivity
c-Activity level
d- Sociability

51- Most trait theorists believe that behavior is determined jointly by situations and underlying
dispositions
a- True
b- False

52- According to the affect as information theory, people make decisions based on their emotional
expectation of the action’s outcome
a- True
b- False

53- Which of the following statements is true regarding Gender differences

a- Boys express more negative emotions, such as being angry, during childhood
b- Girls demonstrated stronger abilities to control their attention
c- Boys demonstrate stronger abilities to resist their impulses d-
Girls demonstrated preference for rough and tumble play

54- The James-Lange theory of emotion argues that arousal precedes our emotional experience
a- True

55- Theorists believe that the fast system prepares animals to respond to a threat in case the
slower pathway confirms the threat
a- True
b- False

56- Which study supports Schachter-Singer’s idea that emotion is the interpretation of the interaction
of the interaction of psychological arousal and the cognitive label we apply to explain the arousal
a- Participants were injected with epinephrine. Some were told about its arousal effects
and some were not, then they observed either angry or euphoric behavior. While
everyone that received an injection of epinephrine experienced the same physiological
arousal, only those who were not expecting the arousal used context to interpret the
arousal as a change in emotional state.
 b- Participants were asked to group together to watch movies and provide feedback
c- Participants in a study thought cartoons were funnier when holing a pen between their
teeth (mimicking the facial action if a smile) compared to when holding a pen between
their lips (similar to a frown)
d- Participants were shown various animals and insects (snakes, spiders, ect.) and their
physiological responses were recorded and demonstrated reactions even prior to the
persons stating that how they felt

57- According to Damasio’s somatic marker theory a gut feeling is not real
a- True
b- False

58----------believed that psychological arousal is very similar across the different types of emotions
that we experience. For example, our body might respond similarly to getting a new job or
getting a fired from a job. These researchers claims that the cognitive appraisal of the situation
is critical to the actual emotion experienced. Select one:
a- Masters and Johnson
b- Two-factor Schachter-
Singer c- Maslow
d- James-Lange

59- Which of the following statements is incorrect:

a- Individual tend to become more agreeable with age
b- Individual tend to become less open to new experiences with age
c- Individual tend to become less extraverted as they get older
d- Individual tend to become more neurotic the older they get

60- Only one of these statements is true about cognitive therapy, it seeks to:
a- Identify adaptative thought patterns
b- Unlearn maladaptive behaviors
c- Eliminate maladaptive thought patterns
d- All the statements are correct

61- Which of the following statements is true regarding the stability of personality traits
a- Most changes to personality occur during childhood and adolescence
b- The big five personality traits are generally stable over the lifespan
c- It is not possible to change personality in adulthood
d- The aging of the brain causes personality to change drastically over the lifespan
62- Both the slow and fast pathways are controlled by the
a- Amygdala
b- Hypothalamus
c- Thalamus
d- Frontal cortex

63- Cross cultural research shows that there is no such thing as a universal set of personality traits
a- True
b- False

64- The phenomenon of misattribution of arousal (e.g. thinking you are in love when really you are
just scared) is best explained by which theory of emotion
a- The two-factor theory
b- The James-Lange theory
c- The wishful thinking
theory d- The cannon-Bard
theory

65- People who are experiencing high levels of arousal from one event tend to experience unrelated
emotions more strongly too. This is called:
a- Excitation transfer
b- General adaptation syndrome
c- Spreading activity
d- The cannon-bard hypothesis

66- Emotional information is often conveyed through

a- Words
b- Body language and facial expressions
c- Sleep patterns
d- Tone, facial expression, and body language

67- The Schachter-singer theory of emotion consists of a-----along with the physiological component
of an experience
a- Emotion
b- Hierarchy of needs
c- Fight or flight response
d- Cognitive appraisal
 68- When you see a familiar face but cannot remember the person’s name this is due to blocking
a- True
b- False

69- Consolidation is a critical step in the encoding phase of memory

False (storage)

70- Jeremy had a stroke last year which caused him to be unable to ---
His hippocampus

71- According to the Yerkes Dadson law, when is the most efficient time for Bronte to complete the
easy task of vacuuming her apartment
After coming back from a short jog

72- 3 year old lacy always gets her favorite juice in her Scooby-Doo cup, so she drunks readily --------
this is an example of
Discrimination between Scooby-Doo cup and dora cup

73- A new born baby knowing how to suck to get food is an example of instinct

74- What are the stages of the sexual response cycle?

Desire (libido).

Arousal (excitement).

Orgasm.

Resolution.

after a long day at work Jana got into her car and drove home she used the same route she
usually does without even thinking about it
classical conditioning

jamila was asked to go to the supermarket to bring around 15 items however she only brought
back the last five items that her mother mentioned
recency effect
Memories of meaning of words concepts or general facts are called
semantic memories

Memories of events that are associated with particular time place and context are called
Episodic memories

Imagine that the first car you learn to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch but the car you
drive now is an automatic sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there
this example illustrates……….
Proactive interference

Before going grocery shopping Amanda read her shopping list from top to bottom but forgot to bring
the list with her she was trying to remember what she needed to get from the dairy section but could not
remember what it was she failed to
Recall

shadi is feeling overwhelmed and angry because his manager gave him more work to do when shado
returns home he snaps at his wife when she invites him to the dinner table for them to eat together this is
an example of

acCording to the James Lang theory of emotion

I see the bear I begin to tremble and I am scared

people across cultures are able to recognize

happiness disgust anger and sadness

the term cognitive appraisal refers to our tendency to judge other people depending on the intelligence
true

The facial feedback hypothesis means that

The two factor theory of emotion implicates prior cognition and perceptions in labeling emotions

Whereas glutamate imhibits action potentials, and reduces anxiety, is antagonist GABA…potential , and
thus being implicated in learning and memory processes
False

consolidation is a critical step in the encoding phase of memory

false

The capacity of working memory can be increased by chanking

False

Which of the following is not considered implicit memory

after five presentations of a fearful sound and a smiley face a child demonstrates fair response

11. Which of these aspects of face perception is NOT true for infants?
A) human infants have better memory for faces from their family’s racial group

20. Sacks describes the case of Donald, who could not remember killing his girlfriend while under the
influence of PCP. After contusions to what brain regions did Donald appear to recover memory for the
murder?
D) frontal

Flashbulb memories tend to be more accurate than the other episodic memories
False
Memories of meaning of words concepts or general facts are called
semantic memories
In conditioning partial reinforcement relative to constant ….. leads to learning that
occurs slower and is more resistant to ext

Imagine that the first car you learn to drive was a manual transmission with a clutch but the car you
drive now is an automatic sometimes you find yourself reaching for the clutch that is no longer there
this example illustrates……….
Proactive interference

Which are most likely to cause altered sensory and perceptual experiences
Hallucinogens

Before going grocery shopping Amanda read her shopping list from top to bottom but forgot to bring
the list with her she was trying to remember what she needed to get from the dairy section but could
not remember what it was she failed to
Recall

consolidation is a critical step in the encoding phase of memory

false

Carolyn desperately wants to lose weight but finds it so difficult to resist the temptation of snack food.
her difficulty in loosing weight probably stems for the powerful effects of
immediate reinforcement

Which of the following is not considered implicit memory

after five presentations of a fearful sound and a smiley face a child demonstrates fair response

The piaget’s theories of development have been very influential but recent findings present
all of the options