Unit 1: SOCIAL REALATIONSHIPS

No Words/ Phrases Meaning Examples

1 Primate (N) Linh trưởng A primate is a member of the group of
mammals that includes humans,
monkeys and apes.
2 Conflict (N) Cuộc xung đột There was a lot of conflict between
him and his father.
3 Cooperate (V) Hợp tác, cộng tác He refused to cooperate with other
members in our team.
4 Distribution (N) Sự phân phát The bill would prohibit the sale and
distribution of firearms.
5 Dynamics (N) Động lực học The fight for the leadership revealed a
lot about the group’s dynamics.
6 Hierarchy (N) Sự phân cấp, hệ thống thứ bậc Some monkeys have a very complex
social hierarchy.
7 Perception (N) Sự nhận thức These photographs will affect people's
perceptions of war.
8 Reveal (V) Tiết lộ Her biography revealed that she was
not as rich as everyone thought.
9 In terms of (Pv) Về mặt In terms of money, I was better off in
my last job.
10 Live in harmony Sống hòa thuận, hòa đồng To avoid conflict, we should live in
(Pv) harmony with everyone.
11 Strategy (N) Chiến lược, kế hoạch Their marketing strategy for the
product involves obtaining as much
free publicity as possible.
12 Aggression (N) Sự gây gổ, hiếu chiến Some types of dog are bred for
aggression.
13 To do sb a favor Giúp ai việc gì Could you do me a favor and help
(Pv) pass me the document over there?
14 Orphans elephant Voi con mồ côi The elephants were orphaned
(N) because their parents were hunted
15 Intimidate (V) Đe dọa They were intimidated into accepting
a pay cut by the threat of losing their
jobs.
16 Bullies (N) Đầu gấu, kẻ chuyên đi bắt nạt Teachers usually know who the bullies
are in a class.
17 Antagonistic (Adj) Tương phản, trái ngược He's extremely antagonistic towards
all critics.
18 Interaction (N) Sự tương tác There's not enough interaction
between the management and the
workers.
19 Demonstrate (V) Chứng minh, giải thích Research has demonstrated that
babies can recognize their mother's
voice very soon after birth.
20 Rigid (adj) Cứng nhắc; khó thuyết phục, We were disappointed that they
 thay đổi
UNIT 2: SCIENCE AND DETECTION
No Words/ Phrases Meaning
1 Detection (N) the fact of noticing or
discovering something
2 Deduce (V) to reach an answer or a decision
by thinking carefully about the
known facts
3 Extract (V) to remove or take out
something
4 Suspect (V) to think or believe something to
be true or probable
5 Conclusive (Adj) proving that something is true,
or ending any doubt
6 Controversy (N) a lot of disagreement or
argument about something,
usually because it affects or is
important to many people
7 Presume (V) to believe something to be true
because it is very likely,
although you are not certain
8 Comprise (V) to have things or people as
parts or members; to consist of
9 Infectious (Adj) able to pass a disease from one
person, animal, or plant to
another
10 Sample (N) a small amount of something
that shows you what the rest is
or should be like
11 Sibling (N) a brother or sister
12 Mummification (N) the process of preserving a
dead body as a mummy
13 Obtain (V) to get something by a planned
effort
14 Vulnerable (Adj) able to be easily physically,
emotionally, or mentally hurt,
influenced, or attacked
15 Speculate (V) to guess possible answers to a
question when you do not have
enough information to be
insisted on such a rigid interpretation
of the rules.
Examples
Early detection of the cancer
improves the chances of successful
treatment.
The police have deduced that he must
have left his apartment yesterday
evening.
The oil which is extracted from olives
is used for cooking.
We had no reason to suspect that he
might try to kill himself.
They had conclusive evidence of her
guilt.
There was a big controversy over the
use of drugs in athletics.
The universe is presumed to contain
many other planets with some form
of life.
The course comprises a class book, a
practice book, and a CD
After the 21-day isolation period,
Ebola survivors are no longer
infectious.
Water samples taken from streams
were analysed for contamination by
chemicals.
I have four siblings: three brothers
and a sister.
There is speculation that
mummification developed in southern
Egypt.
She was finally able to obtain legal
possession of the house.
Tourists are more vulnerable to
attack, because they do not know
which areas of the city to avoid.
Journalists are speculating about
whether interest rates will be cut.
 certain
16 Conviction (N) the fact of officially being found
to be guilty of a particular
crime, or the act of officially
finding someone guilty
17 Pager (N) a small piece of electronic
equipment that you carry or
wear, which moves or makes a
noise to tell you that someone
wants you to phone them
18 Database (N) a large amount of information
stored in a computer system in
such a way that it can be easily
looked at or changed
19 Artifact (N) an object, such as a tool, that
was made in the past
20 Parasite (N) an animal or plant that lives on
or in another animal or plant of
a different type and feeds from
it
UNIT 3: CITY SOLUTIONS
No Words/Phrases Meaning
1 Exceed (V) to be greater than a number or
amount, or to go past an
allowed limit
2 Inevitable (Adj) certain to happen and unable to
be avoided or prevented
3 Infrastructure (N) the basic systems and services,
such as transport and power
supplies, that a country or
organization uses in order to
work effectively
4 Institute (N) an organization where people
do a particular type of scientific,
educational, or social work, or
the buildings that it uses
5 Entire (Adj) whole or complete, with
nothing missing
6 Roughly (Adv) approximately
7 Tipping point (N) the time at which a change or
an effect cannot be stopped
8 Inescapable (Adj) impossible to avoid or not to
Since it was her first conviction for
stealing, she was given a less severe
sentence.
At that time I didn't carry a cellphone
but I had a pager for my colleagues to
contact me.
We're linked to the online database at
our head office.
The museum has artifacts dating back
to prehistoric times.
The older drugs didn't deal effectively
with the malaria parasite.
Examples
The success of our campaign has
exceeded our wildest expectations.
The accident was the inevitable
consequence of carelessness.
The war has badly damaged the
country's infrastructure.
The institute derives all its money
from foreign investments.
Her entire family gathered for their
annual reunion.
There has been an increase of roughly
2.25 million.
The earth has already passed the
tipping point in terms of global
warming.
The evidence points to the
 accept
9 Breeding ground a place where something
(N) develops easily, especially
something unpleasant
10 Slum (N) a very poor and crowded area,
especially of a city
11 Sprawling (Adj) covered with buildings across a
large area, often ones that have
been added gradually over a
period of time
12 Flow of something a situation in which a large
amount of money or goods
moves from one company,
organization, or place to
another
13 Incredibly (Adv) used for saying that something
is very difficult to believe
14 Struggle (V) to experience difficulty and
make a very great effort in
order to do something
15 Emission (N) an amount of a substance that
is produced and sent out into
the air that is harmful to the
environment, especially carbon
dioxide
16 Wreck (V) to destroy or badly damage
something
17 Per capita (Adv, If you express an amount per
Adj) capita, you mean that amount
for each person
18 Cut down on to do or use less of something
19 Dweller (N) a person who lives in a
particular type of place
20 No-brainer (N) something such as a decision
that is very easy or obvious
inescapable conclusion that he is
guilty of the crime.
Poor housing conditions are breeding
grounds for crime.
She was brought up in the slums of
Lima.
Somewhere in this sprawling
metropolis, there is a secret military
laboratory.
A shared sense of commitment to a
project leads to a free flow of ideas
and information.
Incredibly, no one was hurt in the
accident.
I've been struggling to understand this
article all afternoon.
Reducing the consumption of energy
and increasing its efficient use would
help control emissions.
The explosion shattered nearby
windows and wrecked two cars.
The per capita income in the country
is very low.
I'm trying to cut down on caffeine.
For the city dweller, angling is often
his only contact with the countryside
and nature.
The decision was a complete no-
brainer.