MEKANIKA BATUAN

KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK

I Gde Budi Indrawan, Ph.D.

Email: igbindrawan.ugm@gmail.com

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK

 Sifat Indeks
• Warna, ukuran butir, tekstur, struktur
• Kandungan air, densitas, porositas, specific gravity
• Swelling, durability
• Tingkat pelapukan
 Sifat Mekanik
• Kekuatan
• Deformabilitas
 Sifat Hidraulik
• Permeabilitas

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 2

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Hubungan
Volume -Massa
 Diagram fase batuan

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 3

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Hubungan

Volume -Massa
 Kandungan air (water content), w

Mw = mass of water
Ms = mass of solid

• Expressed as a percentage

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II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Hubungan
Volume -Massa
 Densitas (density), r

Goodman (1989)

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 5

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Hubungan

Volume -Massa
 Porositas (porosity), n

• Values between 0% and 90%,

normal values between 15%
and 30%.
• Inversely proportional to
strength and density.
• Directly proportional to
deformability.
de Vallejo & Ferrer (2011)

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 6

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Hubungan
Volume -Massa
 Specific Gravity, Gs
represents the factor increase in mass of the rock per unit
volume over the same unit volume of water.

Bell (2007)

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 7

Goodman (1989)

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Permeabilitas

 Koefisien
permeabilitas, k

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 8

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Swelling

 Swelling Pressure & Strain

Isp = F/A
• Swelling pressure index (Isp): a
measure of the pressure required F = max axial
swelling force
to constrain at constant volume of A = area
an undisturbed rock specimen
immersed in water.
• Swelling strain index (Iss): a
measure of the axial swelling
strain developed when a radially
confined undisturbed rock
specimen is immersed in water
d = max swelling displacement
Iss = d/L *100% L = initial height
www.ibf.kit.edu
Jurusan Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 9

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Durabilitas

 Durability
• Resistance of rock to weakening
and disintegration process.
• Rock durability increases with
density and decreases with water
content.
• Measured with the Slake Durability
Test, which subjects previously
fragmented rock samples to
standard 10 min drying and
wetting cycles in the lab.
de Vallejo & Ferrer (2011)
Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 10
II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK – Durabilitas

• The slake-durability index (ID): the proportion of dry-weight

rock remaining in the drum after 1 or 2 disintegration cycles
(ID1, ID2), ranges from 0% to 100%.
• Very weak clay rocks with ID2 < 10% after the 2nd cycle, the ID1
is used.

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de Vallejo & Ferrer (2011)

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Pelapukan

• Kerentanan batuan terhadap pelapukan tergantung pada

kombinasi antara:
- Kerentanan mineral-mineral penyusun batuan.
- Tingkat ikatan atau sementasi antar mineral penyusun
batuan.
- Porositas dan permeabilitas batuan.

Fell et al. (2005)

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II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Pelapukan

• Kerentanan mineral-mineral pada batuan beku terhadap

pelapukan tergantung pada temperatur pembentukan

Fell et al. (2005)

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II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Pelapukan

• Pengaruh pelapukan pada mineral-mineral penyusun batuan

Fell et al. (2005)

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II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Pelapukan

• For example, both rhyolite and granite contain sodic felspar,

micas and quartz, but in rhyolite the crystals are much more
fine grained and more tightly interlocked than in granite.
Hence granite is much more susceptible to weathering than
rhyolite.

• Also, a dense, non-porous limestone comprising almost 100%

calcite is likely to be less susceptible to weathering (solution)
than a porous sandstone comprising 80% quartz grains which
are durable but cemented by calcite.

Fell et al. (2005)

Departemen Teknik Geologi | Universitas Gadjah Mada 15

II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Pelapukan

Efek pelapukan:
• Porositas (+)
• Permeabilitas (+)
• Deformabilitas (+)
• Kekuatan (-)

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II. KARAKTERISASI INTACT ROCK - Pelapukan

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