VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA-590014

A Seminar Report
On

WORKSTUDY METHODS IN INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING

Submitted by

VIJAY KAMBLE
USN: 2KD18ME440

Under the Guidance of

MAHESH R. LATTE
Assistant Professor
Mechanical Engineering
KLE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,CHIKODI

Department of Mechanical Engineering

K.L.E Society's

K.L.E College of Engineering and Technology

Chikodi-591201

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 K.L.E Society's

K.L.E College of Engineering and Technology

Chikodi-591201
Department of Mechanical Engineering

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Seminar on topic WORKSTUDY METHODS IN

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING has been successfully presented at Kle’s Kle College
Of Engineering And Technology, Chikodi by VIJAY KAMBLE, bearing USN
2KD18ME440, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the VIII Semester degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belgaum during academic year 2020-2021. It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the
report deposited in the departmental library. The Seminar report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirementsin respect of Seminar work for the said degree.

Prof. Mahesh R. Latte Prof. Abhinandan Kabbur

Guide [Seminar Coordinator]

Prof. Kumar Chougala Dr. Prasad Rampure

HOD Principal

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose
constant guidance and encouragement crowned the efforts with success.

I would like to profoundly thank Management of Kle’s Kle College of Engineering

and Technology, Chikodi for providing such a healthy environment for the successful
completion of Seminar work.

I would like to express my thanks to the Principal Dr. Prasad Rampure for their
encouragement that motivated me for the successful completion of Seminar work.

It gives me immense pleasure to thank Prof. Kumar Chougala Head of Department for
her constant support and encouragement.

Also, I would like to express my deepest sense of gratitude to my Seminar guide

Mahesh R. Latte Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering for his
constant support and guidance throughout the Seminar work.

I would also like to thank the Seminar Coordinator Abhinandan Kabbur Assistant
Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and all other teaching and non-
teaching staff of Mechanical Department who has directly or indirectly helped me in the
completion of the Seminar work.

Last, but not the least, I would hereby acknowledge and thank my parents who have been
a source of inspiration and also instrumental in the successful completion of the seminar
work.

-VIJAY KAMBLE

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 ABSTRACT
The scope of “To improve productivity with help of industrial engineering in Garment
Manufacturing” designs the improvement and install work system (integrated system of men,
machine &material) have broadened & encompass all the activities in factories, irrespective of
propose or size of the organization. To improve all work process to meet the demands of changing
environment.
Production and trade growth opportunities brought about by globalization and increased
competition, productivity growth requires in business. Sources declined with each passing day,
constantly increasing needs. This in turn increases the need for businesses to use resources more
efficiently. Work and time study techniques is raising the efficiency of utilization of the factors of
production have been used for all manufacturing and service sectors as a scientific approach. In the
content of study a firm that produces tea glass is analysed in terms work/time during the process of
model production. In order to measure efficiency of tea glass models, time survey is made and by
the help of that method standardized time is calculated. Actual time and standardized time is
compared and as a result it is aimed that measuring inevitable times and take necessary precautions
against them. As a result of the study, waiting time cause inefficiency in the work of molder and in
the content of work/time, efficiency is increased 53 percent and model production capacity is
reached at 237.

Keywords: work study, time study, man, material, method

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 CONTENTS

1. Introduction 6
2. Literature
7
3.Responsibilities of Industrial Engineers
8

4. Work study 8

5. Work study can be best expressed in the following manner:

10

6. Method study 10
7. Record and compare
11

8. Work Measurement
11
9. Line balancing
12

10. Time study 14

11. SYNTHESIS
15

12. Analytical Estimating 16

14.Conclusion 19

References 20

LIST OF FIGURES
SL.NO FIG NO FIGURE NAME
1 5.1 Work study can be best expressed in the
following manner:

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 1.Introduction
In this project trials were conducted for increasing productivity in garment manufacturing
while lowering costs is to make sure that you are giving the best achievement for any
company. This project is key to apparel industry to improve their work nature & the
methods, the apparel industries is identify as buyer driven or costumer driven industry, so
the apparel production has become more intensified by global competition. To survive in
this comparative world the industry should work more efficient. The concept which are
outlined here are the most important factors to improve the productivity & efficiency of the
industry the application of industrial engineering methods like method engineering, work
study, capacity study, line plan & other operation management system are ultimately lead
the industry to timely delivery of goods, high profit & develop the working environment as a
happy plac
The production department was identified to have certain work processes that could be made
reductant, as these steps consumed extra time and extra effort, in addition to increasing the cost of its
product. Moreover, these processes resulted in workers’ fatigue, which proved as a damper to
improvement of productivity.
One of the most powerful tools to eliminate unwanted processes and improve productivity is WORK
STUDY. The study examined the problems associated with production from the point of a work
study. Doing so would help to lower the production time and decrease unwanted fatigue.

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 2. Literature

Review Industrial Engineering Industrial Engineering concerned with the design, improvement &
installation of integrated system of man, machine & equipment’s drawing upon specialized
knowledge & skill in the technical, economics & human science, either with the principles or
methods of engineering analysis & design to specify predict & valuate the result be obtained such
system

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3.Responsibilities of Industrial Engineers

1) Capacity study

2) Work study

3) Time study

4) Operator performance

5) Follow-ups

6) Work in Progress (W.I.P)

7) Line balancing

4.Work study
Work study is the analysis of the operation required to produce a style. Effective work study requires
both method analysis & work measurement. Method is studied, analyzed, & the elements of the
method measured in terms of time consumed. Data are collected, analyzed & used to support
decisions on rates and methods. Work study is also important to ergonomic decisions, job design and
work station development. Decisions must be based on extensive study & documentation that is
developed with work measurement procedures. Unsubstantial opinions are not sufficient justification
for change.

Definition:
“work study is a generic term for those techniques, method study and work measurement which are
use in the examination of human work in its entire context. And which laid systematically to the
investigation of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being
reviewed, in order to effect improvement.”
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Objectives of work study
1. Improvement of process and procedures.

2. Improvement in design of plant equipment.

3. Improvement of plant layout.

4. Improvement in the use of man, materials & machines.

5. Efficient material handling.

6. Improvement in the flow of production & process.

7. Economy in human effort & the reduction of unnecessary fatigue.

8. Method standardization.

9. Improvement in safety standards.

10. Development of a better physical working environment.

Procedure for work study

1. Select the work to be studied.

2. Record all the relevant facts about the present method by direct observation.

3. Examine those facts criticality and in an ordered sequence, using the techniques best suited to the

purpose.

4. Develop the most practical, economic and effective method, having due regard to all contingent

circumstance.

5. Define the new method so that it can always be identified.

6. Install the methods as standard practice

7. Maintain that standard practice by regular routine checks.

These are the above seven essential stages in the application of method study; none can be excluded. Strict
adherence to their sequence, as well as to their content, is essential for the success of an investigation.

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 5.Work study can be best expressed in the following manner:

5.1

6. Method study

Method study is the systematic recording & critical examination of existing & proposed way
of doing work as a means of developing & applying easier & more reducing cost.
The procedure which need to do follow while doing method study are given as follows there
are seven steps to be followed by industrial engineer to do method study they are:

1. Select the work to be studied.

2. Define the objectives.
3. Record the relevant information & data.
4. Examine information & data.
5. Develop the improved method.
6. Install improved method.
7. Maintain improve method.
8. Work measurement.

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 7.Record and compare
The Record stage of method study involves gathering sufficient data (in terms of both
quality and quantity) to act as the basis of evaluation and examination. A wide range of
techniques are available for recording; the choice depends on the nature of the
investigation; the work being studied; and on the level of detail required. Many of the
techniques are simple charts and diagrams, but these may be supplemented by
photographic and video recording, and by computer based techniques.
Especially with "hard" (clearly defined) problems, method study often involves the
construction and analysis of models, from simple charts and diagrams used to record and
represent the situation to full, computerised simulations. Manipulation of and
experimentation on the models leads to ideas for development

8.Work Measurement
It is used to determine:
 Time required to complete one element of operation or
 Amount of work that can be performed by one operator in a specific segment of time.

Work measurement techniques are:

1. Time study
2. Judgment or past experience of the engineer / production manager
3. Pre-determined time systems
4. Standard data
5. Operator reporting
6. Work sampling

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Factors affecting working conditions:
The set of elements constituting the working conditions vector preliminarily consist of the
following:
1. Occupational safety &health elements
2. Fire prevention & protection elements
3. Layout & housekeeping elements
4. Lighting 7 ventilation elements
5. Noise & vibration elements
6. Ergonomics elements
7. Arrangement of working time

9.Line balancing

Line balancing is the leveling the work load across all process in a cell or value stream to remove
bottle necks & excess capacity. A constraint slows the process down & results in waiting &
absorption of fixed cost.

 Objectives of line balancing:

1. Match the production rate after all wastages have been removed to the talk time at each
2. Process of the value stream.
3. Regular material flow.
4. Minimum usage of man power & machine capacity.Copyright
5. Minimum process time.
6. Minimizing stock section.
7. Minimizing the work station.
8. Minimum output at the desired time.
9. Quality maintenance of the garment.
10. Reduced the production

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 Importance of line balancing:
1. Line balancing is help to know about new machine required for new style.
2. It becomes possible to deliver goods at right time at he agreed quality for list cost.
3. Good line balancing increase the rate of production.
4. Line balancing helps to compare the required machinery with the existing one compare
balance.
5. It also helps in the determination of labor requirement.
6. Good balancing reduced production time.
7. Proper line balancing ensured optimum production at the agreed quality.
8. It reduces faults in the finished product

Limitations of line balancing

 Production lines where designed so that conveyor belts paced the speed of the employees
work. This
arrangement wasn’t appreciate by the employees. Inevitable changes lead to
production lines being out of balance.
 Rebalancing causes description to production.

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 10.Time study

Time study is a structured process of directly observing and measuring (using a timing device)
human work in order to establish the time required for completion of the workby a qualified
worker when working at a defined level of performance.

It follows the basic procedure of systematic workmeasurement of :

 analysis (of the work into small, easily-measurable components or

elements);
 measurement (of those components); and
 synthesis (from those measured components to arrive at a time for the
complete
job).
 The observer first undertakes preliminary observation ofthe work (a pilot study)
to identify suitable elements whichcan be clearly recognized on subsequent
occasions and are convenient, in terms of their length, for measurement.

 The production department was identified to have certain work processes that
could be made reductant, as these steps consumed extra time and extra effort, in
addition to increasing the cost of its product. Moreover, these processes
resulted in workers’ fatigue, which proved as a damper to improvement of
productivity.

 Time study is a very flexible technique, suitable for awide range of work
performed under a wide range of conditions, although it is difficult to time jobs
with veryshort cycle times (of a few seconds).

 Time study, when properly undertaken, involves the useof specific control
mechanisms to ensure that timing errorsare within acceptable limits.

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 11.SYNTHESIS

A synthesis phase in which the various elemental times are added, together with appropriate
allowances (see below),to construct the standard time for the complete job.

 The techniques used to measure work can be classifiedinto those that rely on direct
observation of the work, andthose that do not.

 For example, some techniques, such as predetermined motion-time systems and the
use of synthetic or standard data can provide times from simulation or even
visualizationof the work. However, the data on which such techniques are based
were almost certainly based on earlier observationof actual work.

 Direct observation techniques (such as time study and analytical estimating) include a
process for converting observed times to times for the "qualified worker working ata
defined level of performance." The commonest of these processes is known as rating.

 The assessment is made on a rating scale, of which there are three or four in common
usage. Thus on the 0-100 scale,the observer makes a judgment of the worker's rate of
working as a percentage of the standard rate of working (100).

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 12.Analytical Estimating

Analytical estimating would normally be used for assessing work over a reasonably lengthy
period of time, where it may be difficult and more expensive to collect theinformation
required using other measurement techniques.

 Also, in some work environments the presence of an individual carrying out work
measurement in the work placecould be unacceptable.

 In these cases, analytical estimating may be an appropriatemethod to use, assuming

someone with experience of the work is available to apply their experienced judgment.
( Thismay be work measurement personnel who have previous experience of this
particular work )

 However, the work content of some jobs cannot be estimated in advance because one
is unclear about what is required until an assembly operation has been tested or
stripped down. For example, during the progress of repair unforeseen and non
standard difficulties can arise. Removing a wooden door from its frame by unscrewing
8 or12 screws could take five minutes if the screws were recently inserted, or a great
deal longer if the screws are rusted and clogged with paint.

 This technique of work measurement is used to determinethe time values for job
having long and non repetitive operations

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 Procedure for Analytical estimating

1. Find out job details

2. Break the job into elements
3. Select time values from standard data for as manyelements as possible.
4. Estimate time value remaining elements from pastexperience
5. Add above time values to get total basic or normal time
6. Add relaxation allowance

Advantage

Perhaps the most significant advantage of using analytical estimating is its speed of
application and low cost. Using trained and experienced personnel process and measurement
data can be quickly assembled and applied.
 Helps in planning
 Reliable
 Economical
 Used for estimating labor times for preparing costestimates
 Steps to improve labor control

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 Disadvantage
 However, the use of experienced judgment when determining the time necessary to
perform a task is the technique's most obvious source of weakness when compared
with a more precise technique such as time study.
 This is why the technique would not normally be used when a more precise and
accurate alternative is a feasible and economic alternative, particularly to highly
repetitive,standardized operations.
 Many jobs, such as craft work in the maintenance field, consist of a group of tasks
which are periodically repeated but the precise nature of each task varies each time in
minorrespects

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 Conclusion

This concept of Industrial Engineering is a key to apparel industry to improve their work
nature and the methods. The apparel industry is identified as a buyer-driven or customer
driven industry, so the apparel production has become more intensified by global
competition. To survive in this competitive world the industry should work more efficient.
The concepts which are outlined here are the most important factors to improve the
productivity and efficiency of the industry. The application of industrial engineering method
like method engineering, work study, capacity study, line plan and other operations
management systems are ultimately leads the industry to timely delivery of goods, high profit
and develop the working environment as a happy place. In this project we reduced operation
time by 22.19 seconds and increase operation efficiency.

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 References
1. Industrial engineering and engineering management in Australia by Professor John W H
Price PhD, FIEAust Mechanical Engineering Department, Monash University, Australia.
Mst. Murshida Khatun.
2. Industrial-engineering- lecture-02 ppt,
3. Zeleny, M.: The Innovation Factory: On the Relationship between Management Systems,
Knowledge Management and Production of Innovations. Innovations 2005, Zilina 2005.
4. Guidelines for Industrial Engineering, KSA Technopak.
5. Method of analyzing the actual status 4-Time Study Chapter two (page E-1, E-10) and
Chapter three Production Design
6. http://www.lcmibd.com/industrialengineering.html.
7. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Industrial_engineering_work_study_in_garments.
8. http://www.onlineclothingstudy.com/2012/09/-how-to-calculate-efficiency-of.html.
9. Dr. KC. Jain, Production planning, control & Industrial management.

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