Professional Documents
Culture Documents
“Work Measurement”
Submitted By
Mr. T. S. Hingmire
“Work Measurement”
Has been successfully completed by
Last but not least, we would like to thank our friends, parents and group
members for their belief and patience in our endeavour.
Name of Students
Roll No.
415 PRATIK SATTPPA KAMBLE
Date:- Place:-
Atigre
1. INTRODUCTION 1, 2
3. TECHNIQUES OF WORK 5
MEASUREMENTS
4. ADVANTAGES OF 6
TIME STUDY
5 ADVANTAGES OF TIME STUDY 7, 8
6
ALLOWANCES 9, 10, 11
9 16
REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Work measurement is concerned with the determination of the amount of time required to perform
a unit of work. Work measurement is very important for promoting productivity of an organization.
It enables management to compare alternate methods and also to do initial staffing. Work
measurement provides basis for proper planning. Since it is concerned with the measurement of time
it is also called ‘Time Study’. The exact examination of time is very essential for correct pricing. To
find the correct manufacturing time for a product, time study is performed. To give competitive
quotations, estimation of accurate labour cost is very essential. It becomes a basis for wage and
salary administration and devising incentive schemes.Work measurement has been defined by
British Standard Institution as, “The application of techniques designed to establish the time for a
qualified worker to carry out a specified job at a defined level of performance”. This time is called
standard or allowed time. Time study may also be defined as “the art of observing and recording the
time required to do each detailed element of an industrial operation”. There is a widespread concern
amongst the public about inefficiency in public systems management. As organisations grow in size
and complexity, they become difficult to manage. In most of the organisations, tasks are performed
by hit and trial methods, i.e., without any yardstick to measure the individual and collective
performance. The measurement of human work has always been a problem for management since
the days of Taylor’s ‘scientific management’. The plans for the provision of goods or services at a
predetermined cost are often dependent on the accuracy with which the amount and type of human
work involved can be forecast and organised. While, it has been a common practice to make
estimates and set targets based on past experience, these too frequently prove a rough and
unsatisfactory guide. Without measurement, the organisation operates in vacuum with hardly any
basis for comparison or control. Hence work measurement is an effective tool to facilitate these
activities. In this Unit, the basics of work measurement
2.0 WORK MESURMENT BASIS STEP
Time study is defined as “the art of Observing and recording the time required to do
each detailed element of an industrial operation”.
Normal time is defined as the time required by a trained worker to perform a task at
normal pace Normal or basic time is obtained by multiplying basic time by the rating
factor Considering the scale of rating as 0 to 100, the rating factor is decided by the
work study analyst he feels that if the element of the task is being performed with less
effective speed then he will give a rating factor of less than 100 or if he feels that the
effective rate of working is above the standard, he may give the rating factor above
100 (eg 110, 105). The rating factor is always expressed in percentage.
Standard Time
Time Standard time is defined as the time required by a qualified worker, working at
a standard pace to complete the given task (operation). l Standard time is calculated
for a complete task and not for each individual element of the task. When allowances
are added to the normal time, standard time is obtained. Rating
Standard time is the time allowed to an operator to carry out the specified task under
specified conditions and defined level of performance. The various allowances are
added to the normal time as applicable to get the standard time as shown in Fig. 5.0
Standard time may be defined as the amount of time required to complete a unit of
work:
Allowances The normal time for an operation does not contain any allowances for the
worker. It is impossible to work throughout the day even though the most practicable,
effective method has been developed. Even under the best working method situation,
the job will still demand the expenditure of human effort and some allowance must
therefore be made for recovery from fatigue and for relaxation Allowances must also
be made to enable the worker to attend to his personal needs. The allowances are
categorized as:
3 Interference Allowance
It is an allowance of time included into the work content of the job to compensate the
operator for the unavoidable loss of production due to simultaneous stoppage of two
or more machines being operated by him. This allowance is applicable for machine
or process controlled jobs. Work study (time and motion study) 197 Interference
allowance varies in proportion to the number of machines assigned to the operator.
The interference of the machine increases the work content.
4. Contingency Allowance
• Tool breakage involving removal of tool from the holder and all other activities
to insert new tool into the tool holder Power failures of small duration
• Obtaining the necessary tools and gauges from central tool store. Contingency
allowance should not exceed 5%.
5. Policy Allowance
Policy allowances are not the genuine part of the time study and should be used with
utmost care and only in clearly defined circumstances.
The usual reason for making the policy allowance is to line up standard times with
requirements of wage agreement between employers and trade unions.
6.0 NUMERICAL PROBLEMS ON STANDARD TIME
Problem 1.
In an eight hour day, it was found that the normal time was only 400 minutes,
Assuming that the remaining time is meant for rest and personal needs etc.
Determine the standard time per article if the normal time per article is 1.5
minutes. Also find the number of articles produced per day.
Therefore standard time per article = 1.5 +1.5 x 100 = 1.8 minutes Number
Problem 2.
Solution:
Rating = 90%
(b) 10 Allowances = 10% of basic time = 100 * 4.5 = 0.45 minutes (c) Standard
time = Basic time + Allowances = 4.5+ 0.45 = 4.95 minutes
Problem 3.
The workmen in an engineering company are expected to work for 400 minutes
in a shift of 8 hours. The remaining time is meant for rest and personal needs
etc. (a) Determine the standard time per piece of a job whose normal time is 2
minutes. (b) Calculate the number of pieces to be produced per day.
Time available for the day = 8 hours Standard time per piece = 2.40
minutes
CONCLUSION